初中英语作文写作思路汇编20篇

纵观近年各地中考英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

1、以图表提供情景的作文要以读为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码、序号以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括、去粗取精;在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性，尤其是图表中的数据、时间等不得有误。

2、以图画提供情景的作文应以看为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、环境、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章，但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的浅表，而要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵。

3、以提纲提供情景的作文。这种形式本身的要点已经很明确，重点也很突出，只要把各个提纲加以发挥，注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。

4、以书信格式提供情景的作文。首先要了解书信的格式，英文书信格式与中文有所不同，

(1)一般在信纸的右上角写上写信人的地址和日期，地址应按从小到大的顺序排列;

(2)左边顶格写上收信人的姓名;

(3)正文部分;

(4)祝愿的话;

(5)写信人签名。信的内容一定要按所给的要求写，不要漏写。

A letter of thanks

Dear mother ,

The mothers day is coming and I would like to say “Happy mothers day” in

this letter. I love you and thank you so much for everything you did for me.

This day，I will stay away and cant give you my appreciation at home. I know I

will watch myself，so dont worry about me. I am doing very well on my study. My

schoolmates and teachers are all very nice. Though I cant be at home， I hope

you will have a wonderful mothers day.

Your son,

Li ming

When I return to my hometown on holidays, I will be very excited, because

it is the place that I love so much. The trees are so green and the sky is so

blue. When I play on the river side, I can catch fish. I grow up there and have

a happy time with my dear friends. I will never forget the beautiful scenery

there.

passage 1: french are elegant people.(此话非常概括，是“帅才”，所以会统领一只队伍) they are artists in everyday life, having a very good taste in everything. they don’t like american tourists wearing jeans to go into their luxurious and exquisite five-star restaurants, so one of the restaurants put a notice outside its front door. it read ‘no trousers, please!’(读完了，感觉是个很具体的例子，对吗?) a gourmet coffee was sold in tokyo as an antidote to stress. its name supposedly meant to people that it would soothe the troubled breast, yet when it was printed in english, it turned out to be ‘ease your bosoms.’(又是一个例子，我们开始揣摩：作者要说什么呢?) swedes started a promotion stunt to promote the sales of their vacuum cleaner named electro. their original ad slogan was translated as ‘nothing sucks like electro.’(又一个例子!意图何在?) the selling of chevrolet was very bad in south america. and the reason? the translation of this brand sounds like ‘no va’—which means ‘it doesn’t go’ in spanish.(还是例子!!为什么呀?) when pepsi-cola invaded the huge chinese and german markets, the efforts initially fizzled. the product’s slogan, ‘come alive with the pepsi generation’, was rendered into german as ‘come out of the grave with pepsi’. coca-cola also discovered something had gone wrong in taiwan. the chinese characters chosen for the world-famous product sound like its name means ‘bite the wax tadpole.’(依然是例子!!!肯定要说明某个道理，那这个道理是什么呢?) a pliers company’s slogan ‘turn it loose’ became, in spanish, equivalent to ‘suffer from diarrhea.’ a company translated its sticky tape slogan into japanese and came up with a sticky problem. the slogan ‘sticks like crazy’ became literally ‘it sticks foolishly’ in japanese.(更多的例子!如果没有目的，那是不可能的!) a tonic product in china is made of royal jelly and is supposed to be very effective for some chronic diseases. yet it was translated as ‘oral liquid’, which means ‘saliva’ in english. in the brochure, it was described in this way: ‘it tastes like medicine’, when the language in the original meant to use it as a food therapy.(例子!!) even the wrong nonverbal cue can bring havoc to a product.(此话也是“帅才”) a baby food company initially packaged their african products just the same as in the us—with a cute baby picture on the jar. they didn’t realize that because so many africans cannot read, nearly all packaged products sold in africa carry pictures of what is inside. pureed baby! how horrible!(例子越举越厉害了，看来是要举到头了!) in an asian city, where traffic is really very bad, to secure people’s safety, the municipal government has built underground passageways. pedestrians are asked to use them whenever they need to cross the main street. a sign was posted once on the roadside, pointing to the entrance to an underground passageway, intending to notify english-speaking passengers, ‘go underground’.(眼睛的余光已经看到全篇的结束了，所以，这肯定是最后一个例子啦!同时，马上也就要看到作者想说明什么问题啦!) we chuckled at such clumsy translations.(比较概括，“帅才”，那为什么忍不住要笑呢?下面的解释就必然是作者的写作意图了)is there anything wrong in the language? we must be aware that few words and idioms can be literally translated. it’s best to hire the best for translation. don’t take it for granted that as long as one speaks a little english, he is autonomously able to do the translation. it takes a while to learn to be a good translator.(就是它!千呼万唤使出来!)

The ends of the earth, the world is so vast, two people who were originally

unknown, but because of big or small events and meet, may also experience a

large list of twists and turns, finally become the friends to know each other.

The probability is too little, so every one of my friends are special, and every

friend is precious. This friendship if lost, will be unusually hard to find. So,

friendship, isnt it a kind of predestination?

Friendship is not only a kind of fate, but also a warm.

I am Alice. I am a student of No.1 Middle School. I study in Class Two

Grade Seven.

There is a map of our school on the wall. The playground is in the middle

of the school. On the left of the playground, there is a library. I like reading

very much, so I often read books in the library. There is a teaching building

behind the library. We study in that building. My classroom is on the second

floor in that building. The teachers offices are in that building, too. Where

is the sport hall? Oh, its on the right of the teaching building. I have P.E

class in the sport hall. The canteen is in front of the sport hall. We have

lunch and dinner in the canteen. In the school, I feel very happy!

This is my school. Its a big and nice place. I like my school very much.

What about your school?

开题：描述的方式来引出要议论的主题。

以叙代议 常见：

As we can see , has become a very important problem in the rapidly developing world.

Adimttedly,  has attracted more and more attention from people.

As we know. Bring us many b123fits and conviences.

Judging from that fact, it is very obvious thathas become part of our everyday life to some extent.

The emergence of  is really worth our respect in history while it still remains meaningful to us now.

个人描述：以个人的亲身经历来引起要议论的问题。

Once, I had the experience of

I can never forget the experience of

Personally, at first sight of this topic, I could not help thinking about the

引用名言式：用一个相关的谚语、术语、名言或名人实例来引题。

Just as the saying goes,

The saying that comes to me at the first sight of this topic.

在引题时要注意不要照抄原题， 而且篇幅不宜过长，在引题之后，迅速进入自己所支持的观点，或表态，并引起下文。

论述L详细阐述分支观点的部分，在开题首段的第二句一般是文章的主旨句所在，而在论述部分的理由段中，各个分论点应该放在首句的位置，开门见山。

H1N1 influenza, since the claws reached into the earth and stuck it into our world caused great sensation. From Moscow, the United States, Japan, ... ... to China, have spared, showing the speed of its spread. While we use some of the medical technology we have can be prevented, you can cure, but it is still scary. The most laughable thing is that some people thus do not eat pork. However, these are not the focus of my concern, I am concerned, I am sad is:

When we state the first to be infected were found, one who returned from abroad Sichuanese, I heard mostly blame everyone, it makes me sad exception. Had returned from abroad is a good thing, is between the happy event. But because even not aware of being infected was a complete mess of things hands and become pieces of sad things. At first, I think we should sorry for him, should go to help him. However, many people said: "In the U.S., do not come back Well!" "We also are engaged in a state of panic." ... ...

So I write this, would like to call everyone together for their fuel.

Unfortunately, they are infected, and now has been isolated, they can not see their loved ones, they have lost freedom, they are very painful, very unwilling. So let us give them the courage to give them strength! Let us wish them a speedy recovery!

H1N1流感，自从这个魔爪伸进地球，伸进我们的世界就引起了极大的轰动。从莫斯科，美国，学习英语的网站，日本……到我们中国，无一幸免，可见其传播速度之快。虽然我们利用我们己有的医学技术，可以预防，可以根治，但是却还是令人恐慌。最可笑的是，有人因此而不吃猪肉。然而，这些都不是我关注的焦点，令我关注的，令我伤心的是：

当我们国家的第一个被传染者被发现时，就是那个从国外回来的四川人，我听到的大部分都是大家的苛责，这令我异常难过。原本从国外回来，是件好事，是间喜事。却因为连自己也不知道被传染的事搅的得一塌糊涂，成了件悲事。原本我想我们应该为他难过，应该去帮助他。然而，很多人却说：“在国外就不要回来嘛!”“还搞的我们人心惶惶的。”……

所以我写这篇，学英语的好网站，想呼吁大家，一起为他们加油。

他们不幸感染上了，现在被隔离，他们不能见到自己的亲人，好的英语学习网站，他们失去了自由，他们也很痛苦，很不甘。所以让我们给他们勇气，给他们力量!让我们一起祝愿他们早日康复!

健康：中药能够战胜甲流吗？

英语写作：Freedom in my Dream

Environmental protection is every one of us to do, make the responsibility

of each of us, once you live in the earth, you have to protect the environment,

because we want for our children and grandchildren, give them a good living

environment, and not to harm the environment and harm to our children and

grandchildren.

Its our duty to protect the environment, and some people said: this is an

important task, we are a little, it should give the big man to do, we have to do

is not to undermine. In the face of this, many people agree, and I object. In

fact, environmental protection is more than a great thing, or do we all the

citizens of these things, and they will go to the governance, we control our

things, mind your own affairs, because environmental protection from a small

one.

Protecting the environment is a small thing, not throwing away a piece of

garbage, cutting down a tree, not using disposable items... Maybe, if you are

qualified, recycle a piece of garbage, plant a tree, and use one item again...

Its all about protecting the environment, its so simple, you dont have to do

it harder, its just that simple.

Protecting your environment is protecting yourself and your children, and

you dont want to be the end of the world in 2017.

I am a 15-year-old student in junior Grade 3. Though I am occupied with my

study.I would like to spend time on my hobbies, such as playing the piano,

surfing the Internet.

One of my favourite hobby is reading. Reading has been in my life for many

years,since I began to learn characters. It can not only kill the time but also,

more importantly, help improve my comprehension ability. When reading, I can

learn a lot.Reading Shakespear’s works, I know how Hamlet looks like. Reading

Socrates, I can see how great ancient Greek philosophers are. Reading Lu Xu, I

come back to the old time of China.

Reading really affect my life.

Last sunday. I and my father, mother, grandparents, brother went to changbaishan by bus. In the morning we came down the mountain. I saw wooded mountains, wild flowers bloom. We climb up the hill along the mountain path. Come halfway up the mountain, I feel a little tired，it began to rain,My West Lake silk umbrella missed,. Dad said to me,“zhaixiaowei， don’t do anything halfway.”at last，So I insisted reached the top, the top of the scenery so beautiful.We were flying kites, I was thirsty, my mother bought me a bottle of water, .finally we went home.finally，Since then, Ive kept the umbrella。i was very happy。

People always say that life cant goes on well all the time, because we

will meet all kinds of difficulties. When we are students, we want to get

improved and do well in the exams. When we graduate and find a job, we need to

finish the task that boss has assigned. Even the time comes to retire, we still

need to find something to do. Setback is part of life, and we should get used to

it. When we face the difficult time, we should consider it as a test for us and

when we get through it, we will gain valuable experience. The pleasure we get

makes us proud.

I am studying in a middle school now, my school is near my home.

I love my school, I can learn a lot in my school. The teachers teach me knowledge about math, Chinese and others things about life, these are important to me, I become mature. I make many friends here, the first day I come to this school, I get to know my deskmate, in a few days, I get to know my classmate, now I have a lot of friends, I feel so happy.

In my school, the equipment is modern and we can use the newly invented resource. The environment of my school is also beautiful, the trees are tall, the grass is green. I love my school so much.

我现在在一所初中上学，我的学习离家很近。我爱我的学校，我从那里学到很多东西。老师教了我关于数学，语文和关于生活的知识，这些对我来说很重要，让我变得成熟。我在这里交了很多朋友，我来学校的第一天认识了我的同桌，在以后的日子里，我认识了班上的同学，现在我有很多朋友，我感到很高兴。在我的学校，设备很现代化，我们可以使用到最新发现的资源。我们学校的环境也很漂亮，树很高，草很绿。我很爱我的学校。

[初中英语作文：我爱我学校

书面表达是英语写作的重要组成部分，有不少学生觉得用英语写作很难，不知从何练起。笔者教学实践发现，首先要具备扎实的基础知识，抓住课本教学来培养学生的写作能力，立足教材，由易到难，由浅入深，采取多种形式来加强书面表达训练，这样英语写作水平才能得到提高。

一是通过词汇教学训练写作能力。要写好文章不是一朝一夕就能达到的，必须从最基础的词汇入手。教学中，教师要注意加强词汇方面的训练，力求给学生交代清楚每一个词语的具体用法。对一些重点的、核心的词汇讲清，讲透每个词语的单独用法和搭配用法。为了更有效地与课本结合起来，每学完一个单元，根据本单元的单词、短语造句，举一反三，帮助学生扩大词汇量，使学生词不离句，强化写作训练。

二是通过一句多译练习训练写作能力。就七年级学生而言，他们虽然接触英语学习时间不长，但教师还是要注重引导学生多做一些一句多译练习，这样有助于启发学生的写作思路。考试时选择自己有把握的句子灵活地表达同一内容，减少失误，提高得分率。通过做汉译英练习，暴露出学生受母语影响的问题，对这些问题我及时进行讲评和纠正。这样，有利于培养和规范学生的英语表达能力。

三是结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。目前，信息来源的渠道多种多样，学生课文中有记叙、日记、通知、便条、书信、广告和说明等多种体裁，文中还有大量的插图，教师可利用图片让学生进行看图写作。要学好英语写作就必须从课文练起，从一些常见的文体练起，由短到长，由浅入深，循序渐进地进行。

四是通过背诵训练写作。培养学生的英语写作能力，以课文为中心训练写作能力非常重要，因为课文中的句子就是规范的英语范文。因此，每学完一篇课文或对话，教师就要要求学生背诵，然后默写。这样使学生把词语放在句型、段落、篇章中去理解、记忆和体味，以至于能够仿写、改写。

五是通过仿写和改写训练写作能力。仿写也是提高英语写作能力行之有效的方法，模仿写作中，格式、构思、表达方式等方面都可模仿。但要提醒学生注意灵活变通，语句要通顺，符合英语表达习惯。仿写前要从时态，句型，内容选材等方面对学生加以辅导，指导学生怎样模仿，特别提醒学生注意时态。

另外，改写也是一种很好的方法，改写就是对文章材料的文体、式样、句式等进行改编的一种训练方式。无论是改人称、改时态，还是改对话材料为叙述文字，这都有助于学生复习巩固所学知识，又能培养学生所学知识的迁移运用能力，还能起到提高学生的写作能力。

总之，要提高学生的英语写作能力，就要培养学生养成良好的学习习惯。即：重视词、短语、造句，优秀的对话和课文要背诵，多做翻译练习，练习改写和仿写，结合课文进行各种体裁的写作训练。只有坚持不懈，持之以恒，才能写出准确、地道、规范的英语文章。

The new year is coming, it means that I am older, I am not the little girl any more, I must make something different from the old me. Before, I was so lazy to do the housework, when my mother asked me to do it, I would make some excuses and then ran away. Now I need to learn to take some responsibility, I should share the housework and relieve my mother’s burden. The new year gives me the new task, I must learn to broaden my vision and gain the knowledge, so that I can make some progress. I am so happy that I am older and grow up, I want to become mature and let my parents be proud of me.

新的一年到来了，这意味着我老了一点，我不再是个小女孩，我必须比以前的我有所作为。以前，我很懒于做家务，当妈妈叫我去做的时候，我会找一些借口，然后逃跑。如今我需要学着去担当责任，我应该分享家务，减轻妈妈的负担。新的一年给予我新的任务，我必须开阔眼界，增长知识，这样才能有所进步。我很高兴我变的年长了，也长大了，我想要变得成熟，让父母为我骄傲。

[初中生优秀英语作文我长大了

It

is important to know our good and bad points because this knowledge will help us

to improve ourself. We should examine ourselves and learn who we are.

Above

all, we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses. For example, I am healthy

and fit, so I can work hard. Im also optimistic, humble and polite. These are

my strengths. However, I also have weaknesses. For one thing, Im stubborn and a

little impatient. Im sometimes lazy as well and can spent a whole day just

watching TV and eating junk food. Im not ashamed to admit these bad pints.

Knowing what they are lets me focus on improving myself.

Marie Curie, as a distinguished female scientists, In eight years time, and just 3,000 were of two different disciplines on the highest scientific crown -- Nobel Prize and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

No one has admitted she let such a beautiful and delicate woman to bear the cross of science,and she is going without looking back, in the history of mankind and left their names be eternal. Marie Curies life for the contribution it has made remarkable man. As a great woman, she has won the love and admiration for the people of the world.

However, she refused lifelong wealth, the honor and regard with indifference. She naturally behave but not disclosed to bear fruit, and she has not taken any of the fish for fame, neither helpless. Marie was born with the quality: unwavering character, intellectual perseverance; know all contributions to the spirit of self-sacrifice and not accept any benefits; success is not particularly proud of, scourge can bend the very purity of the soul. Shes all that. Her colorful life than work, or even more commendable.

I remember once upon a time, when I was running 800meters, I felt there

seemed to be the impossible mission for me, I wanted to give up, then my teacher

told me that I should not think about the 800meters, I should set up 100meters

for myself, then I wouldn’t be so tired. I did as he told me, indeed, every time

when I finished the small goal, I was happy, in the end, I finished the running.

I learn the lesson that we need to set up the best goal, it means we can make

the small goals, which are so easy for us to realize. Then every time we finish

the small goal, we will close to our final destination.

I live in a good Neighborhood. There are many fruit stores here and my parents often shop there.

The people here are friendly and kindly. When someone has some problem,his neighbor must help him .

There is a restaurant in my neighborhood. I usually eat there with my friends. It’s relaxing and the things in the restaurant are not expensive and they taste good. There is a shop next it. It is small but there is a lots of things in it. My brother often buy food and water there. The shopkeeper is a friendly person. I still remember our neighborhood was cut off the water supply. He help us and share his water to us.

Although my neighborhood is small but there are lots of human’s kindness here. I like my neighborhood.

[我的邻居初中英语作文

导语：When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind .

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

Nothing is really beautiful but truth.

只有真理才是真美。

No time like the present.

只争朝夕。

One cannot put back the clock.

光阴一去不复返。

Overdone is worse than undone.

过犹不及。

Paddle your own canoe.

自立更生，自食其力。

Perseverance is vital to success.

不屈不挠是成功之本。

Second thoughts are best.

三思而行，再思可也。

Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.

自信是英雄的本色。

Self-trust is the first secret of success.

自信是成功的首要秘诀。

Success belongs to the persevering.

坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。

Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.

成功来自於克服困难的斗争。

The first element of success is the determination to succeed.

成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。

The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.

懂得越多，就越知道自己懂得不多。

Union is strength.

团结就是力量。

Virtue is a jewel of great price.

美德是无价之宝。

Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.

浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。

When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.

没有希望就不会努力。

Without a friend the world is a wilderness.

没有朋友，世界就等於一片荒野。

You cannot judge a tree by its bark.

人不可貌相。

一、立足基本点

初中说明文写作教学是以培养记叙能力为基础的写作教学新阶段。说明文的写作必须具备科学性、客观性的特点。这是写说明文的两个基本点和根本点，也是教学的难点。教学中切忌对学生泛泛要求，要以记叙为基础，用分解法突出抓好两个基本点。其一，文体特点要突出“说清楚。”首先着眼于说明文的科学性，强调写清事物的外部特征和内部结构，方法应不限于平实解说。初中教材中的《蜘蛛》、《晋祠》等课文，大半是生动的描述。《第比利斯地下印刷所》既说明了建筑结构，又介绍了革命史迹，通篇表现出浓重的记叙性。起始阶段应把这种说明文类型作为文体要求的起点。因为对事物的情趣与感受是学生写作的主要诱因。若只强调平实介绍，无益于用记叙基础实现“说清楚”的目标。其二，基本题材要紧扣“熟知的事物”。初中说明文集中体现出一个基本题材——建筑物。尤其是第三册集中安排了一个建筑类说明文单元。这是因建筑物与学生实际生活的关系最密切。起始训练应把建筑物作为基本题材之一，由简到繁集中命题，以求依题成格，触类旁通。

作文题材除了要注重课文依据外，更重要的是要注重学生熟知的事物。如《怎样淹渍西红柿》、《怎样写阅读笔记》等，可先让学生实践，使训练活动成为育人的一个步骤，这样，写起来既是介绍学生所熟知的事物，又可使学以致用。

二、突破认识关

写说明文必须对被说明事物有完整的认识。要做到这一点，就要认真观察，深入了解。

初中生观察事物的通病是走马观花。因而，指导观察应有针对性。可先列提纲，让学生带着问题逐步观察，随手作笔记和图示。观察时要引导学生理清主次，主要掌握概括性观察和特写性观察。有条件的最好摄制些教学录像图片，提供观察框架，通过声像并举的画面进行观察训练。这样，不仅可有效地纠正学生笼统观察的毛病，还可培养学生选点设框的观察能力。

但是，完整的认识仅凭观察是无法形成的。古人观了赵州桥，“不知其所以为”。今人游故宫难以发现皇上的宝座是在北京城南北轴线的中心点上。一些特定的原理、数据、掌故是不可能观察到的。综览教材，凡说明文，都可分出物象说明和意象说明的成分。物象说明只是从空间上说明事物的“形”，而意象说明则能从时间延续、掌故原委上说明事物的“神”。而要进行意象说明，就必须具备有关说明的知识。写说明文的最大难点也就在此。所以，教师指导的任务之一就是让学生积累知识。起始阶段，教师应多方引导，必要时要“下水”示范，尽可能向学生提供材料丰富的半成品，让学生整理选择取舍，力争写一篇成一篇，获得规范的写作体验。

三、借助仿写桥

学生对被说明事物具备了相应的知识，还会遇到行文障碍。因此在章法安排、语言运用等方面必须排除一些难点。从整体上说，有效之法是仿写。模仿是创新的基础，是技能形成的捷径和桥梁。

但是运用教材范例指导学生仿写，必须据学生的实际确定模仿点，而不是雷同。如《香山红叶》和《人民大会堂》都是以行踪为序组材的。前者是散文，行踪露得很实在，充分表现了“我”与同游者的感受，外化了散文作品的感情意蕴，主观性叙述贯穿全文。而后者是说明文，“我”和建筑师的行踪表现得很简洁，只在２、９、１２、１４段中点了点，成为一条虚线，等于带读者将大会堂游了一遍。把教材中的范例举出来，作为按行踪顺序介绍的一个仿点，可提高学生习作的成功率。教材中的仿点很丰富，要针对学生实际，循序而仿。通过借助仿写这个捷径和桥梁，让学生深切地体会说明文的章法安排、语言运用的特点，进而掌握说明文的写法和结构。