初中英语作文写作思路推荐20篇

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy.

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻；尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged (that) does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old (or late) to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind (or heart).

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible (or difficult) to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

Nothing is really beautiful but truth.

只有真理才是真美。

No time like the present.

只争朝夕。

One cannot put back the clock.

光阴一去不复返。

Overdone is worse than undone.

过犹不及。

Paddle your own canoe.

自立更生，自食其力。

Perseverance is vital to success.

不屈不挠是成功之本。

Second thoughts are best.

三思而行，再思可也。

Selt-trust is the essence of heroism.

自信是英雄的本色。

Self-trust is the first secret of success.

自信是成功的首要秘诀。

Success belongs to the persevering.

坚持到底必获胜利。坚持就是胜利。

Success grows out of struggles to overcome difficulties.

成功来自於克服困难的斗争。

The first element of success is the determination to succeed.

成功的首要因素是要有成功的决心。

The more a man knows, the less he knows he knows.

懂得越多，就越知道自己懂得不多。

Union is strength.

团结就是力量。

Virtue is a jewel of great price.

美德是无价之宝。

Waste of time is the most extravagant and costly of all expenses.

浪费时间是一切花费中最奢侈豪华的费用。

When there is no hope there can be no endeavour.

没有希望就不会努力。

Without a friend the world is a wilderness.

没有朋友，世界就等於一片荒野。

You cannot judge a tree by its bark.

人不可貌相。

This is my new ciassmate,Jack.He is the tallest student in our ciass.He has

black hair and big eyes,so he looks smart.He studies very hard ,he likes reading

and piaying football.He is also good at swimming,he is the member of our school

Swimming Club.

Jack is a poilte boy.He always help others if somebody needs help.For

example,last Friday,he helped an old woman cross the road when the traffic

lights is red.

In a word,he is very poilte and helpfull.All of the teachers like him very

much.

As my second year of high school life has come, I feel a little stressful,

because I want to enter a better college, but my score worries me. I have made

up my mind to make great progress on my study. Firstly, I need to improve my

weak subjects. Geography and math are always my weakness, so I decide to go over

the important knowledge and ask help from my classmates. My good friend is very

patient, and she explain the details to me. With her help, I will make progress.

Secondly, every time when the exam paper handed down, I will scan my mistakes

and figured out how to make it right. Though I always feel frustrated, I will

tell myself to stick on. Finally, I will make it and see hope. Every aim I made

completes me and makes me stronger.

Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who

is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like

China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian

for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next

week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then well show him around the

city.Well go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then well visit some

insteresing places.Tony will live in my house during the holiday.I hope well

have a good time.

I am studying in a middle school now, it is my second year. If you ask me

what my occupation is, I will answer you that my occupation is student. I have

studied for many years, many students don’t like being a student, but I am not

of them, I enjoy being a student. For me, I don’t have to worry about the money

issue, I can go to play with my friends, the most important thing is, I like

reading all kinds of books. I especially like to read the books about travel. I

have a dream, when I earn enough money, I must travel around the world. So I

must work hard to realize my dream.

The autumn is coming, and the rice in the field is golden and sprinkled with a layer of gold. Flower beds in the chrysanthemum opened, chrysanthemums started a golden yellow, smiling smile, really lovable. The fruit of the orchard is fragrant and fragrant. People in the orchard to help pick the fruit! The leaves become old, the leaves were forced to leave the tree mothers side. Leaves dancing in the air, beautiful posture, like a dancer.

The air in the morning is very fresh. I opened the window, enjoy the fragrance of the morning, but also enjoy the people particularly like the smell, that is, fruit and fruit fragrance. Grass greedily admire the crystal dew, I revel in this autumn to send cool. Fruit and charming autumn scenery, I began to like the autumn girl, the autumn girl sprinkled the life on the rice, sprinkled in every corner of the world ... ...

Suddenly, the wind, the lightning cross, I have expected to be the next heavy rain. Rumbling, mine that possession of a long drum, heavy knocking up. The wind blows hard. Bored for a long time the rain finally fell under. Rain "crashed crashed" underground, as a child was criticized by their parents, tears can not help but flow down.

The spider is afraid to hide in the leaves, the geese insist for their own dreams, braving the rain, flying in the air ... ...

The rain was still falling from the sky, and the house was surrounded by rain. From the window, the window seemed to be surrounded by a layer of gauze, and I looked like a waterfall.

After a while, the rain was getting smaller. From the window looked, and a new look, misty rain, like a needle like, I am good to observe, the rain stopped, the field was restored calm, the streets painted a long river. Open the window to see, like in the sea, the air is particularly fresh, the spider hanging from the tree. A rainbow hanging in the sky, that scenery do not mention the United States.

I like the fall, prefer the rain of autumn.

I really had a busy and happy winter holiday. I did my homework and helped my parents with the housework every day. I like drawing so much that I spent lots of time drawing pictures and read books about drawing every day. I sometimes went to the library to read books and surfed the internet.During the Spring Festival, i visited my grandparents, friends and relatives. We really had a great time together. I prepared for the new lessons and read English,too. I really enjoyed my winter holiday.

我寒假过得很忙很快乐。我每天做作业并帮助父母做家务。我是如此喜欢画画以致于我每天花大量的时间画画和看绘画方面的书籍。我有时去图书馆看书和上网。春节期间我去拜访我的祖父母和亲朋好友。我们一起很愉快。我也准备新课程和读英语。我非常喜欢我的寒假。

I went the park near my school with my family on Sunday. This park was  holding a interesting garden party, where was crowded by many people. When  sunday, the park was always very crowded. There was a lot of old men doing  morning exercises, and many children going with their parents. During our around  walking, I saw my classmate XX boating there. I said hello to her, and she asked  me to enjoy boating with her. So I took the boat, and speaked with XX for a  while. Then we pulled the boat over, where planted a few lilies,which was my  faverate flower. I used my digital camera taking several picture. At that time,  my cellphone was ringing. That is my mother, she call me for going back.

[星期天的公园初中英语作文

My schoool life is busy and fantastic. First, we have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. We have to get to school before 7:30 because we have a morning class. Second, I like my school life because teachers and my classmates are friendly and helpful. We also have lots of after-school activies. Third, our school environment is very beautiful, the teachers all can make their lesson interesting and instructive. So I like my school life very much.

[校园生活英语作文初中

Lily, common name for the Liliaceae, a plant family numbering several thousand species of as many as 300 genera, widely distributed over the earth and particularly abundant in warm temperate and tropical regions. Most species are perennial herbs characterized by bulbs (or other forms of enlarged underground stem) from which grow erect clusters of narrow, grasslike leaves or leafy stems.

A few are woody and some are small trees. Evolutionally, the lily family is probably the basic monocotyledonous stock, its ancestors having given rise to the majority of contemporary monocots, e.g., the orchids, the palms, the iris and amaryllis families, and possibly also the grasses.

The relationships between plants of the modern lily family are not always clear, and some botanists subdivide the Liliaceae into several families or, if they take a broader view of the family, include some groups such as the Agave and Amaryllis families.

初中英语范文 ：

我的同学My Classmate

请以"My Classmate"为标题写一篇记叙文

要求：1、主题明确，语言流畅，思路清晰。 2、字数在100字以内。

思路点拨：

写记叙文要按照事物发展的客观规律叙述，所叙述的内容要交代清楚，条理清晰，重点突出，主次分明，详略得当。

这篇文章也是记叙文，主人公应该用第三人称，时态以一般过去时为主。本文以主人公为中心线索，以一、两件事件为重点内容去组织材料，反映主人公的形象特征。整个内容情节要合情合理，有真实感，叙述时可按事情发展的顺序进行，同时加以点评。

参考范文

My Classmate

Liu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others.

One day on his way to school，he saw a little girl crossing the road. A car was coming towards her quickly and the girl was too frightened to move. The car nearly hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved. She told him where she lived，and he took her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom，the teacher had already begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised for what he had done.

[初中英语写我的同学作文

Chinese is the necessary subject for students to learn. Even though some

students learn Chinese all the time, they know little about Chinese culture.

Today, the world is crazy about learning mandarin. A lot of foreigners are

interested in Chinese culture, and they learn the traditional thoughts from

Chinese great minds, such as Confucious. They also learn Tai Chi and they love

it. On the contrary, many Chinese students are not interested in our culture,

and they feel bored to learn. We should learn and get to know our culture well.

It is our duty, or someday we will be kicked out and lag behind others. In the

future, China will take the lead on economy.

导语：英语写作中有不少短语和表达大家会经常用到，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关英语写作50条常用短语句子，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. 经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长theremarkableimprovement/ steady growth ofpeople’s livingstandard

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology

4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5.人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw publicattention

8.不可否认 Itis undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue

11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12.一些人 …而另外一些人 … Some people… while others…

13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点 argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in…

18.对…必不可少 be indispensableto …

19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外 …be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on…

22.利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages。

23.导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感 / 成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26. 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27. 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28.学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担 financial burden / psychologicalburden

30.考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31. 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32.做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33. 对…有益 be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质 comprehensivequality

37.无可非议 blameless / beyond reproach

38.加大了…的可能性 increase the chances of

39.致力于/ 投身于 be committed / devoted to…

40. 应当承认 Admittedly

41.不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42. 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of…

43.可靠的信息源 a reliablesource of information

44.宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45.因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I

46.方便快捷 convenient andefficient

47.在人类生活的方方面面 in all aspects of human life

48.环保(的) environmental protection /environmentallyfriendly

49.社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50.科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of scienceandtechnology

national day plan

with the coming of national day, i have a one week holiday.

i really expect to it, because i want to have a short trip during these days.

i will travel tojiuzhaivalleywith my parents for three days.

i have heard that the scenery ofjiuzhaivalleyis very beautiful in autumn and it’s the best time to travel there.

autumn is my most favorite season so i want to enjoy the beauty of such a wonderful place.

i do some preparations for this trip.

for example, i search the internet to see the travel raiders and i have known where the most attracting place is and where to live in.

i am sure it will be a wonderful journey.

there are only several days for the coming trip, but i have been too excited to wait.

中学生应该在假期打工吗？你的看法呢？今天，小简老师选择的中考英语写作话题是：假期打工

【预测话题】假期打工

【预测题目】

暑假就要到了。很多学生打算在假期打工锻炼自己，可是有些家长不同意。他们认为打工既耽误学习，又不太安全。请你以“Should teenagers be allowed to have part-time jobs?"为题写一篇80词左右的短文，谈谈你的看法。

Should teenagers be allowed to have part-time jobs?

【参考范文】

Should teenagers be allowed to have part-time jobs?

Summer holiday is coming. Many students plan to have part-time jobs. But some parents disagree. They think it wastes the students’ time and it isn’t safe as well.

In my opinion, teenagers should be allowed to do some part-time jobs. Firstly, they can experience different lives and get more knowledge outside school. Meanwhile, after learning about the difficulty of making a living, they will cherish what they have now. What’s more, teenagers should have chances to make decisions by themselves.

Of course, safety is the most important. Teenagers should learn to protect themselves when doing part-time jobs.

[假期打工初中英语作文

Low-carbon Life

Now more and more people get to know its important to protect our living environment.As a student，its my duty to do something for the earth. From now on, Ill go to school by bike or on foot instead of in a car. Ill use fewer plastic bags 【少用塑料袋】to reduce white pollution【减少白色污染】. In order to save energy Ill plant more trees so that the air will be fresher. Ill take less lift and reuse water【循环用水】. At last l will use second-hand books【使用二手书】,so we dont need to cut down more trees.

The teacher set up the summer homework. Good guy, that damned language

teacher actually call us to the 4th grade the old poem famous quote to copy 8

times! By this time, the roof of the classroom was "overturned". The students

were Shouting at each other. I myself comfort myself: nothing, dont copy 8

times, the big deal I make quick, still do not change plan.

Another day after that, my classmate xiao sheng called me to study

taekwondo with her. After the family discussed, I decided to let me go to

school. Then the cousin called again and said, "hello, yueyue, stay for a few

days during the summer vacation! I will teach you to draw pictures, by the way!"

"Really? Thats great! I must come!" By this time, I had forgotten to plan and

threw it out of the clouds.

When I look at the schedule, I have found that I am completely filled with

the schedule and time is not enough. How to do? Only a little bit of time... But

in comparison, none of them are free. That how to do? Can only be changed. What

better? Well, I only had a three-hour nap to learn taekwondo... That way, my

summer vacation will be "ample". What a bad summer!

一、思路的含义 二、商务文案写作的常用思路

思路是思维活动的运行轨迹，文案的思路，就是构思文案时，作者有规律、有条理、有方向、连贯的思维过程的“路线”。

二、商务文案写作的常用思路

（一）归纳和演绎思路：归纳(induction)和演绎(deduction)推理是比较常见的推理形式。归纳推理是从具体的前提过渡到一般性的结论的推理。它有两种功能，一是概括一般情况，二是推测将来结果，其结论都超越了前提的范围。而演绎推量则正好相反，它是从一般性的前提过渡到具体结论的推理，其结论没有超越前提的范围。

（二）因果思路 （三）比较思路

（四）递进思路 ：递进思路是运用递进思维方法形成的一种文章思路.递进思维是认识事物或事理由浅入深、由表及里、由低到高、由小到大、由轻到重,层层递进、循序渐进、逐步深入的一种思维方法.运用这种方法,可以深入清晰地阐释某些比较复杂的事理,说明某些比较复杂的关系,有助于深刻认识事物的本质属性,使文章有一定深度.一些说理性较强的公务文书常循此法形成文章思路:或者是认识问题由浅入深层层推进,或者从提出问题到分析问题到解决问题.例如的调查报告就按以下思路写成:××县农村文化活动设施量少质差→"文化饥饿症"带来农村精神文明滑坡→文化活动量少质差的主要原因→采取有力措施重视农村文化活动阵地建设.……

（五）总分思路 ：“总分”是一种高度概括的简略说法，说的是文章先“总”写——总提式地写，总括式地写，总揽式地写，总说式地写；然后再分写——分角度地写，分线条地写，

分细节地写，分要点式地写；然后或再总结一下，或者自然收尾。

“总分”思路较多地运用于议论文、说明文，所以当我们阅读此类文体的文章的时候，要多用“总分”二字去分析

本章简单介绍了商务文案写作的基本内容，包括商务文案的概念、作用特点及写作规范；商务文案写作的基本要求和思路。

第二章 商务行政公文

学习目标 主要内容 本章小结

第一节 商务行政公文概述 第二节 决定批复第三节 通知 公告第四节 请示报告 第五节 函 会议纪要

一、商务行政公文的概念

商务行政公文是商务组织机构在商务活动中进行行政管理时使用的文案。在商务组织的行政管理活动中各级管理机关的意图，政令都要靠行政公文传达、布置、安排、实施。商务行政公文是实施商务组织管理意图的工具。

二、商务行政公文的特点

1．决策性。

2．指挥性。

3．全局性。

三、商务行政公文的种类

1．决定。2．批复。3．通知。4．公告。5．请示。6．报告。7．函。8．会议纪要。

四、商务行政公文的行文关系

1．上行文：指下级机关向所属上级机关的发文，如请示、报告。

2. 下行文：是上级机关向所属的下级机关的行文。

3. 平行文：平行文是相互没有隶属关系的同级机关或者不属同一系统的机关之间的行文。这是不分系统、 级别、地区、性质的机关之间的行文。机关之间需要彼此联系工作、沟通情况时，可以使用函、 知照性通知等文种。

五、商务行政公文格式

（一）文头

1．秘密等级。2．发文机关标识。3．发文字号。

二）主体

1．标题。2．主送机关。3．正文。4．用印。５．附件。6．成文日期。7．附注。

（三）文尾

1．主题词。2．抄送机关。3．印发机关和印发日期。

第二节 决定 批复

一、决定

决定是商务组织决策层用于对重要事项或者重大行动做出安排，奖惩所属部门及人员，变更或者撤销对下级不适当的处理事项的公文。

二、决定的写作方法

1．标题2．主送机关 3．正文

（1）前言（2）主体（3）结尾4．落款

东海xx发动机有限责任公司关于表彰2005年度先进集体的决定

公司属各部门：

2005年是公司调整发展战略，迎接新的挑战，全面实现二次创业目标的关键一年。在市场环境恶化，配套产品销量大幅下降，原材料价格大幅上涨，经营极其困难的情况下，各单位认真贯彻落实公司年度工作会议精神，上下团结一心，奋发进取，求真务实，开拓创新，各方面工作有序推进，为公司改革、发展、稳定做出了积极贡献，涌现出了一批先进集体。经基层部门推荐，公司研究，现决定对先进集体予以表彰。

一、授予下列单位为生产经营管理先进单位：

销售部、生产部

二、授予下列单位为现场管理先进单位：

离合器二车间、成品仓储科

三、授予产品科“系列飞轮齿环开发项目”研发组特等功称号。

希望受表彰的先进集体要继续发扬成绩，戒骄戒躁，更好地发挥先进模范作用，为公司的发展再立新功。

东海xx发动机有限责任公司二00五年一月四日

三、批复：是上级机关用于答复下级机关的请示事项的公文。

四、 批复的写作方法

1．标题由发文机关全称、事项、文种组成。

2．主送机关批复的主送机关为直属下级机关，即向本机关发出请示的机关。

3．正文

（1）前言写明下级机关请示的事由、事项和承启语。

（2）主体写清答复的具体意见、依据。

4．落款写明发文机关全称和成文时间。

关于同意XX玻璃有限责任公司

浮法玻璃生产线项目进行试生产的批复

XX玻璃有限责任公司:

你公司关于申请《XX玻璃有限责任公司浮法玻璃生产线项目》进行试生产的报告，由山东省环保局转交我局办理，根据省环保局的意见，我局建设项目处进行了现场检查。经检查，认为其生产工序中的除尘设备，含油污水处理设施及生活污水处理和流量计量设备均已安装调试，经青岛市环境监测站监测结果表明，你公司的废水、粉尘、噪声等有关指标大部分符合国家的有关标准。经研究同意你公司试生产。要求在试生产期间，对其不符合国家有关规定的窑炉及含油污水调试部分进行改造完善。试生产正常后，申报国家环保局正式办理该项目的竣工验收手续。

青岛市环境保护局一九九七年三月二十日

第三节 通知 公告

一、通知

通知是上级机关用于传达要求下级部门办理；需要有关单位周知或者共同执行的事项的公文。

二、通知的写作方法

1．标题

2．主送机关3．正文

（1）前言 （2）主体 （3）结尾 4．落款

厦门xx电子有限责任公司

关于举行公司文化节的通知

公司属各部门：

为了贯彻中共中央关于“构建和谐社会，共创和平家园”的方针，提高全体员工的文化素养，丰富员工的业余文化生活，公司决定于9月26日至9月30日举办2006年度文化节。

现将有关事宜通知如下：

一、文化节活动项目。舞蹈表演、卡拉OK比赛、书法绘画展、棋类比赛。

二、 各部门组织筹备工作。要加强宣传力度，动员广大员工积极参与，确保文化节如期顺利举行。同时做好报名及选拔上报工作。具体要求如下：

（一）节目选报标准：

1．舞蹈表演。民族舞、现代舞、街舞等类型均可。部门选送节目不超过三个。

2．卡拉OK比赛。参赛歌曲要积极、健康，曲风不限。部门选送参赛人员不超过三人。

3．书法绘画展。参展作品主题要围绕“庆祝建国五十七周年”这一主题。毛笔书法作品规格:60×80cm；硬笔书法作品规格：30×60cm；绘画作品规格：80×80cm。部门选送作品不超过五幅。

4．棋类比赛。包括象棋、军棋和围棋。各部门选送一支参赛队。

（二）节目选拔时间：各部门9月16日至9月20日选定参赛人员及节目。

三、文化节奖项设置：奖项按节目类型设置为：

特等奖一名、一等奖一名、二等奖五名、三等奖十名、优秀奖十五名。

四、文化节节目上报事宜：

时间：2006年9月21日至22日。

地点：综合管理部文化节组委会，行政楼1202室。

联系人：张敏

电话： XXXXXX

厦门xx电子有限责任公司二00六年九月十五日

三、公告

公告是用于向社会有关方面公布应当遵循或者周知的重大事项的公文。

四、公告的写作方法

1．标题

2．主送机关 3．正文

（1）前言（2）主体（3）结尾

Great changes have taken place in my hometown for recent years.big department stores and factories are everywhere. Different kinds of cars and buses are running in the big streets.with the development of the society，The life of the us is greatly improved.

I used to live in a small house and small houese surround the whole city. the qaulity of our life is very low,people were always worried that they would have no money for using or they can not get what they like. we could seldom see any foreign tourists.

But now, with the support of the government . My hometown has developed quickly and has changed a lot.people are living in a rich and high quality society,almost each person has a car,the transportation is convinient,meanwhile. more and more high buildings are being built which brings our hometown a new look. many wonderful places have been opened up that attracts many tourists.

Also,the people in my hometown are getting busier, everywhere you can see peoples footprints.

摘要：初中生语文综合能力以写作能力为最高，写作能力又以说明文写作为最难。现根据多年来初中语文教学经验，针对初中生说明文写作的教学技巧作简要论述。

语文学习的外延与生活相等，写作能力是语文学习的重要内容。如果说记叙文是以情感人，议论文又以理服人，那说明文则是以知明人。以情感人往往有情节，以理服人往往有事实，这都是可以在生活中寻找到的素材。而以知明人则相对较难，因此，最好不采用集中教授的方式，而采用感受、实践、归纳的方式。

认知心理学认为，写作内容知识就是言语信息，它的本性属于陈述性知识的范畴，是指有关人所知道的事物状况以及事物之间的关系、能够被人陈述和描述的知识，或者说是关于“是什么”的知识。写作内容知识主要有主题知识和读者知识构成，而写作主题知识是最为重要的因素，它直接决定作者是否“有米下锅”、“有物可言”。作者知道的东西越多，写出来的东西越好。写作内容当然来自生活。巧妇难为无米之炊，欲“炊”必先有“米”，然后才能表现出“巧妇”之“巧”。这几句俗语道出了内容与技巧的关系。可以设想，教师要求学生写说明文而学生对说明对象一无所知或一知半解，就没办法写。

同其他文体的文章一样，说明文写作也需要先解决写作内容的问题，至于写作技巧，当有了内容后才能考虑。这就要求教师在命题上充分考虑如何引导学生获得说明文的写作内容。

首先，写作内容可以从“制造事件”入手，使说明文的写作具有“情节性”，以使学生获得真实感受。只是说明文写作内容的获得，要比其他文体更艰难。基于这样的认识，在说明文写作指导上应尝试“先动手做，后动手写”的技巧。

动手做，是获得说明文写作内容的有效途径。可以分为以下几类：

第一类，亲手制作某种模型（如桥梁、车、房屋等），然后将设计原理、所用材料、制作过程写出来。还可以结合数学、物理、生物等学科有关知识，制作教具或动植物标本，然后将制作过程写出来；还可以写物理、化学、生物等学科的实验，这样不仅可以提高写作水平，还可以加深对其他学科知识系统的认识。第二类，结合劳动技术可制作手工艺品，如制作布贴画、烹饪菜肴、使用缝纫机、维修家电等，将有关步骤如实地记录下来，作为写作的素材，然后加工润色。第三类，结合社会实践活动，如参观印刷厂，了解一本书或一张报纸的印刷过程；如对某种建筑物或自然景物进行观察，按顺序记录下建筑物的结构形态特点或自然景物的主要特征。

严格地说，动手做不属于语文课的任务。但是，当教师指导学生描写景物的时候，不是也要求学生对景物进行观察吗？写调查报告不是也要求学生深入社会生活先调查研究后形成文字吗？先动手制作，然后再写制作的过程，恰恰是激发学生说明文写作兴趣的有效手段。这也是“语文综合活动”的一种形式。写作要调动多种器官综合工作，“纸上得来终觉浅”，动手制作是亲身实践活动，是获得“真知”的前提。这一点布鲁纳的发现也可以给我们启迪，“发现不限于那种寻求人类尚未知晓之事物的行为，正确地说，发现包括着用自己的头脑亲自获得知识的一切形式”，教师指导学生自行发现与自行组织知识的方法，有助于学习后的长时记忆，学生主动学习的思维活动，有助于智力的发展和提升，学生养成自动自发的学习习惯并获得解决问题的技能之后，有助于将来独立的求知与研究，所以，强调教师引导学生去发现，而不是急于告诉他们学习的结果，这也是“动手做”的道理所在。

其次，成文的演练需要先说话后作文。说话是口语交际的一种形式，学生在课堂上向全体学生介绍自己制作的“作品”就是一种“有声语言”的文本；它与教师的询问、评价语言形式对话；其他学生即使没有参与对话，但思维在“对话”。先说话后作文，就是强调把口语表达和文字表达结合起来。把一件事说明白了，才可能写明白；人对事物的感知总是从简单到复杂，说话比较简单，写成文章就比较复杂；说总比写快，先动口说，说的内容有偏差，“改口”比改文章容易；说得好现场就能获得好评，感受成就感的周期短，反馈及时；先说就能把作文思路先演练一通，写的时候心里就有底。作文则是书面语言的文本、有声语言文本在先，书面语言文本在后，有利于“我手写我口”，形成语言生活化、朴实、自然的风格。这也是一种“语文综合活动”。

再次，从“动手做”获得写作内容，从“动口说”获得写作演练，接下来自然要涉及到写作技巧。如果教师在学生没有获得写作内容之前就一股脑地把写作技巧告诉学生，学生很快就能得到这些知识，但是，因为没有亲身实践，没有发现，没有尝试主动解决问题，只能被动接受这些知识，那么这些知识就很难转化为能力。

在此基础上，可以把这种先个别后一般的程序认知能力进行迁移。当说明对象不需要亲手制作，而是一个具体事物，则通过观察调查等实践活动，把从前的自我设计与选材、制作转换为别人的设计、选材、制作。虽然不是自己的操作，可是自己操作过，明白其中缘故，自然说的清楚明白。甚至可以把这种能力迁移到不是具体事物，而是抽象事理的说明对象上来。有了对说明对象特征的认识，又要进一步让别人明白，就必须按照一定的顺序，使用一定的手段进行说明。这些就是写作技巧的策略性知识。从逻辑上讲，这是归纳推理，是由一般到个别的推理；许多程序性的知识不能直接转化为能力，换句话说，就是写作只是不能直接转化为写作能力。许多教师通过先讲解写作知识，再根据这些知识进行写作训练，导致学生无法写出好文章。其实，如此教学，教师自己也不能根据自己的讲解的写作只是写出令自己满意的文章，又何必强求学生。但是，写作技巧知识如果是在亲身实践中悟出的，这种知识就会内化为自己的积淀，存储在自己的大脑中，自动支配自己的相关写作活动。

这是从感性认识上升到理性认识的关键一步，是由形象具体的个性化操作上升到抽象知识的关键一步，这样获得的程序性知识是加上了个体亲身感受的、一旦拥有便终身不忘的知识，是在实践的基础上形成了技能后概括出来的“真知”。

总之，说明文的写作，我的经验就是引导学生首先获得关于说明对象的知识，再进行口语演练，最后形成文字；在作文讲评的时候引导学生针对自己成文的过程进行反思归纳，形成关于技巧的程序性知识，从而使学生具有亲身感受、亲自发现的特点，使学生思维水平得以提升，并形成主动发现问题、解决问题的习惯。

记叙文作文写作方法：议

一人叫说，两人以上就问题发表观点就叫议，作文教学中，常有学生作文语里充满了你说他说，周而复始，直至文章结尾。平时说话可以这样，但作文是语言的精华，简单实用才能吸引读者。所以，我在教学中就“议”注意把握以下几点：

（1）无问不议

没有问题不议，不能将作文变成“说书场”，芝麻、西瓜一起捡，针对问题展开议论，叙为主议为辅。

作为学生，难在什么是问题？问题就是叙事过程中影响事件走向或能引导事情发展的问题，这些问题往往会伴随事情发展而出现，不议不行了，这时就需要议，议的好，文章会生动。

例如：我在评讲作文时，一位同学写班会课，几位班干为了制定晚会节目而发生了争执，这就产生了问题，如果以一笔带过，直接写结果，最后，“节目单终于定下来了”，文章平淡无奇。但反过来将班干们讨论的话写下来，文章则凭添了趣味，我将两段作文都读了，同学们纷纷以为有“议”的作文听着更吸引人，可见，叙事作文有了议才能更好地表达思想。

（2）议少不易多

多议不如少议，作文最忌面面俱到，议不是说，议是看法，观点的表达，以简炼的语言陈述观点，是最好的。我指导学生，议时也就是陈述观点时，越少越好。但要表达清楚，大家都说不如少数说，少数说不如重点说。教会学生在众多的话语中，找出最具有代表性的话，使人一看就懂，充分发挥议的代表作用。