适合八年级的英语阅读短文【优秀20篇】

I liked playing computer games,but my daddy was not happy because he

thought it was not good for my study.

Sometimes I felt I was not a free boy when my daddy was so

strict with me,so I tried to talk to my daddy,and he said he was happy

because I talked to him,and now he let me play games if I study well.From this,I

understand a

friendly talk can help people get along well.

I am a middle school student.Though I ’m busy with my lessons,my spare time

is still colorful. After school I usually play sports . Sports help me to keep

healthy and study better.I often do some reading in the evening.I think books

give us much knowledge.So reading books is the best way of spending my spare

time. Sometimes I watch TV or surf the internet. On weekends, I often help my

parents with the housework..I sweep the floor,wash the clothes and learn to

cook.I enjoy myself in my spare time.

The Great Wall

The Great Wall building has a long history, vast engineering magnificent, is the worlds rare miracle. The Great Wall is the four corners of the world, stretching in our great motherland vast land. It looks like a great dragon, surmounts lofty hills, through the vast grassland, across the vast desert, towards the vast sea. According to historical records, more than 20 states and feudal dynasty built the Great Wall, if constructs each time the Great Wall together, about 100000 miles above. The length of the Great Wall that was built by The Qin, Han, and Ming 3 Dynasty was more than 10 kilo miles. Now our country Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan and other province, city, autonomous regions have the ancient the Great Wall, peak fire platform remains. Of which only the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region the Great Wall amounted to more than 3.

The Ming Dynasty in the" outside" beyond the Great Wall, also built" inside" and" three" the Great Wall the Great Wall. " Neiguan" the Great Wall in the Northern Qi Dynasty had built for the foundation, from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi at the junction of west east “Pianguan”, the Yanmenguan, flat various pass into Hebei, and then turned to the northeast, Fangshan, Changping, the source

of all counties, to pass, and then by the North and East, Huairou to the four customs, and" outside" is connected to the Great Wall, Zijingguan as the center, generally in a north-south direction. " Three" the Great Wall in many places and" inside" the Great Wall, some places two cities are separated by only tens of in. In addition, but also to build a large number of" repeated walls". Yanmenguan area" repeated walls “to have 24 much!

The Great Wall is the working people in ancient China created the miracle. Beginning with QinShihuang, constructs the Great Wall always is a big project. According to the record, QinShihuang used the million of labors to build the Great Wall, occupy countrywide population 1 / 20! There were no machinery, in addition to earth, carrying bricks can use donkeys, goats can climb the cattle, all labor and all must rely on manpower, work environment and high mountains and lofty hills, cliff. Can imagine, no large crowds on hard work, is unable to complete the great project.

The great wall of the engineering quantity, according to rough estimates, only constructs take the Ming Dynasty as an example, if its masoy, earth is used to build a thickness of 1 meter, 5 meters high walls, circled the earth for over a week. If used for paving a 5 meters wide, 35 cm thick road, it could circle the earth three or four

weeks. If all dynasties built a total of 50 thousand kilometers calculation, then this wall can rotate around the earth several weeks, this road, around the earth in thirty or forty weeks.

“Because of the terrain, with risks for plug" is the construction of the Great Wall is an important experience, in the age of QinShihuang had it down, Sima Qian writes it to" historical records". Later each dynasty build the Great Wall are in accordance with the principle of. Who built Guan Cheng pass are the right and wrong choice between two mountains canyons, or river turning point. Or flat contacts pass through, so as to control is important, and may save the manpower and materials, to achieve “If one man guards the pass, ten thousand are unable to get through. Ten thousand cannot force it," effect. Built a castle or Beacon Tower is selected in the" appeared to place" for building a wall, is the full use of the terrain, such as Juyongguan, the Great Wall in Badaling are built along the mountain ridge, some lots from the lateral walls look very steep, we receive" inside is smooth, easily defensible ." effect of. In the territory of Liaoning, Liaodong town of Ming Dynasty the Great Wall has called a precipitous wall, wall of the hill, is the use of vertical cliff, precipice slightly to split cutting you will become the Great Wall. Some places

completely using the cliffs, rivers and lakes as a natural barrier, it can be called art beats nature. The

Great Wall, as a great project, become the Chinese nation is a valuable heritage.

长城修筑的历史悠久，工程雄伟浩大，是世界少有的奇迹。长城东西南北交错，绵延伏于我们伟大祖国辽阔的土地上。它好像一条巨龙，翻越巍巍群山，穿过茫茫草原，跨过浩瀚的沙漠，奔向苍茫的大海。根据历史文献记载，有20多个诸侯国家和封建王朝修筑过长城，若把各个时代修筑的长城加起来，大约有10万里以上。其中秦、汉、明3个朝代所修长城的长度都超过了1万里。现在我国新疆、 甘肃、 宁夏、 陕西、 内蒙古、 山西、河北、北京、 天津、 辽宁、 吉林、 黑龙江、 河南、山东、湖北、湖南等省、市、自治区都有古长城、峰火台的遗迹。其中仅内蒙古自治区的长城就达3万多里。

明朝在“外边”长城之外，还修筑了“内边”长城和“内三关”长城。“内关”长城以北齐所筑为基础，起自内蒙古与山西交界处的偏关以西，东行经雁门关、平型诸关入河北，然后折向东北，经来源、房山、昌平诸县，直达居庸关，然后又由北而东，至怀柔的四海关、与“外边”长城相接，以紫荆关为中心，大致成南北走向。“内三关”长城在很多地方和“内边”长城并行，有些地方两城相隔仅数十里。除此以外，还修筑了大量的“重城”。雁门关一带的“重城”就有24道之多！

长城是我国古代劳动人民创造的奇迹。自秦始皇开始，修筑长城一直是一项大工程。据记载，秦始皇使用了近百万劳动力修筑长城，占全国人口的1/20！当时没有任何机械，除运土、运砖可以用毛驴、山羊能爬山的牲畜外，全部劳动都得靠人力，而工作环境又是崇山峻岭、峭壁深壑。可以想见，没有大量的人群进行艰苦的劳动，是无法完成这项巨大工程的。

万里长城的工程量，据粗略估计，仅以明朝修筑为例，若将其砖石、土方用修筑一道厚1米、高5米的大墙，可环绕地球一周有余。如果用来铺筑一条宽5米、厚35厘米的马路，那就能绕地球三四周了。如果把所有朝代所修的总计10万里来计算，则这道长墙可绕地球十几周，这条马路，可绕地球三四十周。

“因地地形，用险制塞”是修筑长城的一条重要经验，在秦始皇的时候已经把它肯定下来，司马迁把它写入《史记》之中。以后每一个朝代修筑长城都是按照这一原则进行的。凡是修筑关城隘口都是非曲直选择在两山峡谷之间，或是河流转折之处。或是平川往来必经之地，这样既能控制险要，又可节约人力和材料，以达“一夫当关，万夫莫开”的效果。修筑城堡或烽火台也是选择在“四顾要之处”至于修筑城墙，更是充分地利用地地形，如像居庸关、八达岭的长城都有是沿着山岭的脊背修筑，有的地段从城墙外侧看去非常险峻，内侧则甚是平缓，收“易守难攻”之效。在辽宁境内，明代辽东镇的长城有一种

叫山险墙、劈山墙的，就是利用悬崖陡壁，稍微把崖壁劈削一下就成为长城 了。还有一些地方完全利用危崖绝壁、江河湖泊作为天然屏障，真可以说是巧夺天工了.长城，作为一顶伟大的工程，成为中华民族的一份宝贵遗产。

Unit 1 (P6)

Alice and Alan, Gina, Tony, and Julie are friends. But they have different problems. Alice is tired. She should go to bad early, and she shouldnt go to the party tonight. And Alan may cut his knee, so he should put a bandage on it, and he shouldnt play soccer. Gina has a nosebleed, she should put her head back, and she shouldnt jump up and down. Tony hurt his leg playing basketball so he should go to the hospital and get an X-ray, but he shouldnt walk to the hospital. Julie has a toothache so that she should brush her teeth every day ,and she shouldnt eat candy before sleep. Unit 2 (P13)

你们学校将要与一所贫困地区的学校（a school in the poor area）开展手拉手活动，学校团委提出了以下几种活动方案：1捐款学习用品2假期去做志愿者3邀请他们来学校参观并到家里做客4通过书信的方式交朋友 请从中选择你最喜欢的一种活动方式，并说明你将怎么去做？

Helping others is great

提出)activities hand in hand with a school in the poor area. Our headmaster called on each of us to give the poor a hand, all the teachers and students take part in the big activity, everyone did their best to offer their help to the poor.

Different people use different ways. Some of them gave away their school things, but most of them joined the school volunteer project to help the students in the poor school. Whats more, some students even invited the poor students to their home and showed them around their school, the rest students make friends with the poor by writing letters.

Generally speaking, each of us has given help in our own way. We all hope that we can make the poors lives better, we are happy because we helped them, And at the same time we also got great happiness.

Unit 3 (P19)和好朋友吵架英语作文

We did a survey about doing chores in our class. Here are results.

Frank and Lucy like doing chores. Frank often sweeps the floor and take the dog for a walk at home. And he thinks doing chores can develop children’s independence. It can also helps us to understand the idea of fairness. Lucy usually folds the clothes for herself and make the bed. She thinks we can learn to look after ourselves by doing chores.

But Bob doesn’t like doing chores. Sometimes he helps her mother takeout rubbish. So he thinks there is no need for us to do chores and we should spend time on our study.

I agree with Frank and Lucy. And at home I often do the dishes after meals and clean the living room. I think we should do more chores t our spare time. It can help us to understand our parents and it also give us a good chance for proper communication with our parents. Unit 4 (P26)

Eve的Alice和她的好朋友吵架了。Eve给了她Alice一些建议。Alice最后找到了与朋友和好的好办法。请根据提示写一段80词左右的对话。

E: Hey, Alice. What’s wrong?

A: I had a fight with my best friend. What should I do?

E: Well, you could write him a letter.

A: I don’t think so, although it’s a good idea. I’m not good at writing a letter.

E: Maybe you could call him up.

A: No, I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.

E: But you really should say sorry to him.

A: Yes, I should. But it’s not easy.

E: Oh, there is going to be basketball game tonight. Why don’t you take him to the ball game? A: Yeah, you are right. Thank you!和好朋友吵架英语作文和好朋友吵架英语作文

Unit 5 (P32)

昨晚八点钟突然停电了，先完成表格内容，然后根据表格内容描述你和你的家人在停电时

When the light went out at eight o’clock yesterday evening, my family were doing different things. My father was watching a basketball game on TV. And he’s going to watch the news on his mobile phone later. My mother was read a book about animal on the sofa. And she’s going to call her good friends. My sister was playing the piano in her room. But then she had to stop to play with her pet dog. What about me? Oh, at that time I was playing computer games. But I had to stop and have a rest.

期中检测卷（P65)

My Weekend

Last weekend was busy for me. On Saturday I went to the old people’s home. I helped the old people do chores. And I chat with them happily. Then we went to the Children’s Hospital to visit the sick kids. We told stories to cheer them up. They laughed and laughed and we all felt happy.

Last Sunday I went to play football on the playground at our school with my classmates. But it suddenly rained heavily. I hurt myself playing soccer. Then we went to the hospital. Luckily, it was not bad. The doctor gave me some medicine and they brought me home. And I felt a little sad.

月考1和好朋友吵架英语作文

你的朋友Jack由于长时间玩电脑游戏，现在头痛、眼睛不舒服、腰背酸痛，并且睡不好觉。写一篇短文介绍一下他的情况，并给出你对他的建议。

要求：

（1）内容包含所提供的信息，可适当发挥；

（2）书写认真，句子通顺；

（3）词数：60词左右。

Jack is my friend. He likes playing computer games very much. He often sits in the same way for too long without moving. Now he has a headache, sore eyes and a sore back. He doesn’t sleep well at night, so he feels tired every day.

I think he should take breaks away from the computer. He shouldn’t use the computer for a long time. He should do eye exercises to relax his eyes and go to bed early at night.

I think if he has a good rest, he will feel well soon.

期中考试

假设你是Emma，你的笔友Josh给你写了一封电子邮件，向你倾诉他在家里的一些烦恼。请根据来信和提示，给Josh回一封电子邮件。先说说你的看法，再给出建议，并适当发挥。 提示：1.内容要点：（1）看法：在父母看来，我们仍是孩子；父母这样做是为了保护我们。

（2）建议：给父母写信谈谈你的想法；主动帮你父母做些力所能及的事情。

2.回信应包括以上所有提示的信息，做到行文连贯，不要逐字翻译。

3.词数：不少于80。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Josh,

Thanks for your e-mail. I have ever had the same experience. I even had a fight with my see this. To them, we are still children and they want to protect us.

Sometimes, its hard for you to talk to your parents. Heres an idea: Write your mother and father a letter. In the letter, tell your parents what you are thinking about. Then maybe they will understand you better. After your parents read the letter, try to talk to them. In your free time, youd better do something you can to help your parents. For example, you can help your parents with some housework.

Whats more, you can describe your friends to your parents and tell them more about you and your life.

I hope this helps!

Enjoy that uniquenesss1. You do not have to pretend in order to seem more like someone else. You do not have to lie to hide the parts of you that are not like what you see in anyone else.

You were meant to be different. Nowhere, in all of history, will the same things be going on in anyone’s mind, soul and spirit as are going on in yours right now.

If you did not exist, there would be a hole in creation, a gap2 in history, and something missing from the plan for humankind. Treasure your uniqueness. It is a gift given only to you. Enjoy it and share it!

No one can reach out to others in the same way that you can. No one can speak your words. No one can convey your meanings. No one can comfort others with your kind of comfort. No one can bring your kind of understanding to another person. No one can be cheerful and light-hearted3 and joyous4 in your way. No one can smile your smile. No one else can bring the whole unique impact of you to another human being.

Share your uniqueness. Let it flow out freely among your family and friends, and the people you meet in the rush and clutter of living, wherever you are. That gift of yourself was given to you to enjoy and share. Give yourself away!

See it! Receive it!

Let it inform you, move you and inspire you!

You are unique!

翻译：你是独一无二的

请欣赏你自己的独特吧!你不用伪装自己以使你看起来和别人一样,也无需掩藏你在别人看来所具有的独特性。

你生来与众不同。现在你所拥有的思想,灵魂,精神是任何时刻、任何地点的其他人都不曾拥有的。

如果你不存在了,那么上帝的作品中就有了一个缺憾,历史也不再完整,人类发展也有了缺失。描写朋友的英语作文带翻译

珍惜你所拥有的独特性。这是上天给你的礼物,请欣赏并学会分享它。

没有人能像你一样乐于帮助别人。没有人能像你一样表达自己。也没人能够表达你想传达的意思。没有人能用你所特有的方式来安慰别人。也没有人能够像你一样善解人意。没有人能像你一样感受快乐、无忧无虑,也没有人能像你一样微笑。总而言之,没有人能够把你的特性展示给其他人。

分享你的独特性吧!尽情地将你的独一无二展示给其他人,英语短文不管是你的亲人和朋友还是你在纷繁复杂的生活中所遇到的路人。请欣赏并分享上帝给你的这份独特的礼物吧。释放你自己!

感知它并且接受它!

听从你的独特性,让它影响你、感动你并且激励你前进!

你是独一无二的!

“咱们个老百姓，真呀嘛真高兴。”我怀着愉快的心情，哼着小调来到学校，走进教室，只见我班一些同学手里紧握着书，口中念念有词，王俊呢，对着英语书悲愤地唱着：“我恨你，恨着你，就像老鼠爱大米，我真的想一口一口吃掉你……”这时，只见一同学说：“今天要英语考试！”“啊！”

我平生最怕的就是英语，今天竟然又将英语考试，“完了”，我想：“反正考不好，与其在那里依哇依哇乱叫，还不如玩我的。”

过了一会儿，重量级高手英语老师抱着试卷，一脸严肃走进教室，带来一股暗藏杀气的凉风，满场学生顿觉毛骨悚然，卷子很快发了下来，我一看卷子，它不认识我，我不认识它，唉，没办法，我只好硬着头皮一顿乱做。

过了几分钟，我做“完”了，抬头一看，我班大部分同学都做“完”了，大家像武林中人“成功似”地长长吁了一口气，好轻松呀！正当我们修心养性，得意洋洋的时候，老师说交卷了：“算了，死就死吧，反正我英语成绩历来不好，死猪不怕开水烫”。

第二天，老师带着一把“生死状”，杀气腾腾走进教室，说：“你们昨天考得真好啊！五个及格！”“哈！”我心想：“大家都没考好，我就不怕啦！”

老师讲了一番深刻的话语后，终于开始报分了，真是“不堪入耳”，50分，32分，43分，10分……我的心情也慢慢紧张起来，“万一我考个全班倒数第一，那就完了，“彭岭，37分。”我长长吁了一口气，幸好不是全班倒数第一，不过考这么差，班主任——英语老师不会把我活剥了吧？“李锋25分！”终于有人给我垫背了，压在我心上的石头将要放下的时候，说曹操曹操到，杨老师来整风了，只见杨老师气势汹汹，来者不善，我缩成一团，生怕老师把目光放在我身上，只见杨老师在台上讲啊讲啊讲了一大堆，只有最后一句“明天继续考”如雷贯耳。

苍天啊！饶了我吧！

1. Love is the uncomplaining and unregretful teaching of the young, although it is dull and ignorant; Love is to love my lover without my unselfish devotion, and let the mountain fall and run away. Love is the caring for the elders who have no day and night. Love is the boundless yearning for the motherland, ren is displaced and not forgotten.

2Love is a ray of sunshine in the cold winter, which can be sprinkled on your heart to make you feel a little warm. Love is a rain in the land, and it falls on your heart and makes you feel refreshed. Love is a clear spring in the boundless desert, which flows into your heart and makes you feel moist.

3Love is the spring breeze, it can spread the vitality; Love is fire, always warm your heart; Love is a flower that summons march.

4. Love is tears, coagulation of human feelings; Love is love, blossoming sincere flower; Love is flower, overflowing with happy smile; Love is laughter and it is passed to every corner.

5Love is a round sun shining bright red flowers; Love is a fresh spring, moistening the dry grass; Love is a flower with a fragrant fragrance.

6Love is a lamp that lights our way. Love is a path that lays the foundation for our success. Love is a huge stone, paving our victory avenue.

7Love is a clear spring in the desert that gives you hope when you are on the verge of death. Love is a bonfire in the cold that gives you warmth when you need it. Love is a ray of sunshine in the dark and lend a helping hand when you are helpless.

8Love is a drop of water that moistens the heart. Love is the sun that illuminates mans path. Love is a clear spring, can wash peoples morals.

9Love is the wind that brings a little coolness in the heat; Love is the rain, in the long drought, moistens a square of soil; 10Love is water, when thirst is the time to obtain a ray of hope; Love is fire, and when it is cold, it is warm...

11Love is a little help in difficulties. Love is a soothing comfort in pain; Love is a meticulous care of sickness.

Last summer, my family and I went to Hawaii for a holiday!

We flew across the Pacific to the tiny island from Beijing. After we booked

into a hotel, we rested. Our fun started the next day and lasted for two long

weeks. During our time there, we ate delicious exotic food and drank numerous

fruit juices. The Hawaiians are very proud of their unique food, often spiced

up with slices of juicy pineapple and strings of delicious cheese. There were

also fantastic beaches right accoss the tiny atoll. The water was sparkling blue

and the sand dunes radiated with an inviting warmth of gold. The place was

wonderful and the locals were really nice; I really enjoyed my holiday.

2

“读书破万卷，下笔如有神”，这是杜甫眼里的书。对啊！一本书犹如一盏灯，在黑暗时为我们照亮。一本书犹如一位朋友，在我寂寞的时候陪伴我。我也看过很多书，比如：《海伦凯勒》、《假如给我三天光明》、《故事作文》、《古诗词三百首》……其中《海伦凯勒》是我怀着激动的心情，一口气读完了它，从中我受益颇多。

《海伦凯勒》这本书记叙了美国盲聋女作家海伦凯勒的一生。海伦凯勒一岁半因病丧失了视觉和听觉，这对于一般人来讲是不可想象、不可忍受的痛苦。然而海伦并没有向命运屈服，在老师的教育、帮助下，她战胜了“病魔”，学会了讲话，学会了用手指“听话”。24岁时，她以优等成绩毕业于著名的哈弗大学拉德女子学院。

一个盲聋人能取得这么大的成就，是何等的惊奇。如果海伦屈服于命运的话，那么她将成为可怜又愚笨的寄生者。然而她并没有向命运低头，反而成为人类的骄傲，成了一个知识渊博的人。让每个人都敬佩她，让每个人都知道她的名字——海伦凯勒。

海伦让我联想到了“当代的爱因斯坦”——霍金。他1942年出生于英国。剑桥大学哲学博士，没有见过他的人，都以为他是一个身体健康的人。但是，他大学学习后期患“肌肉萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症”，半身不遂。1985年丧失语言能力，靠电脑声音合成器表达感想。这个坚持不懈的精神一直让他前进，一直不让他向命运低头。

书，伴着我成长。书，让我在知识的海洋中遨游。书将会成了我人生最好的伙伴！

The Blacksmith And Dog

Those who will not work deserve to starve.

A Blacksmith had a little Dog, which used to sleep when his master was at work, but was very wide awake indeed when it was time for meals.

One day his master pretended to be disgusted at this, xiaogushi8.com and then he had thrown him a bone as usual, he said, “What on earth is the good of a lazy cur like you?”

When I am hammering away at my anvil, you just curl up and go to sleep: but no sooner do I stop for a mouthful of food than you wake up and wag your tail to be fed.

The Spring Festival is the most important traditional one in China. As an

important part of it, fireworks bring us happier atmosphere than usual. This

Spring Festival, Dad bought lots of fireworks as last year. On the eve, he

lighted them, and then they blossomed like flowers in the sky, with sweet sounds

and brilliant light. How beautiful! I was deeply moved, though every Spring

Festival I felt it. It brought me the beautiful feelings. At that moment I was

buried in the sea of happiness. And also it made me feel more about the

prosperity of our homeland.

Meanwhile, I was worried about the fireworks. First, setting off

firecrackers made a tremendous noise and caused serious air pollution. Also

childrens safety faced the crisis of getting burned or injured in the eyes.

Whats worse, many dustmens valuable time was wasted for fireworks pieces after

being set off dirtied the environment.

So I thought some day well have to forbid making and setting off

fireworks, though its a Chinese custom for hundreds of years.

Which historically great celebrities behind success without a bumpy road, but which celebrities in the rugged road behind not hard and eternal cold window study hard? Reading is a kind of pleasure, of course.

The great poet gorky said: books are the ladder of human progress, a lifelong partner, the most sincere friend.

Indeed, ones life with us most is books. From kindergarten to primary school from the junior middle school, from junior middle school to high school, from high school to university, and so on. Not all books have been with us? But reading is good for health of body and mind, increase our utility. Book you know what we have learned is just a small drop of the knowledge ocean. Our great educator Confucius said: never too old to learn, we should learn from him.

Book, is an indispensable part of peoples life. If you dont have the book, people will always so feudal ideas. A way of doing things if you dont have the book, people will never so stuffy, does not change.

从古至今哪一个伟大的名人成功的背后没有一段崎岖的路，然而哪个名人在这崎岖的路的背后没有刻苦铭心的寒窗苦读?当然读书也是一种乐趣。

伟大的诗人高尔基说：书籍是人类进步的阶梯，终生的伴侣，最诚挚的朋友。

的确如此，人的一生陪伴我们最多的是书籍。从幼儿园到小学再从小学到初中、从初中到高中、再从高中到大学，等等。不都是书籍一直在陪伴我们吗?而且读书有益于身心健康，增加我们的知识量。大家可知我们所学的书仅仅是知识海洋的一小滴水。我们的伟大教育家孔子说的好：活到老学到老，我们应当向他学习。

书，是人生活中不可缺少的一部分。如果没了书，人的思想就会永远都那么的封建。如果没了书，人们的做事方法就会永远都那么的古板，不会改变。

“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。

1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

二．说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种：

1. 细节理解题

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、

相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

3. 主旨理解题

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major

surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

4. 判断推理题。

这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2) The author suggests that...(3) The story implies that…(4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclude that...(6) The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题，这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点，要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文，并对照原文介绍的情况，弄清图示的差异，根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如：动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题，考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断，了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具，是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。

观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。

【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

【问题设计】

According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?

A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.

C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.

Do you know Halloween? I think with the increasing of international communication, most people must be familiar with it. It has become one of the most popular festivals inEurope. It falls on the last day of October. People will celebrate it from the midnight of October, 31 to November first.

你知道万圣节吗?我觉得随着国际交流的密切，大多数人都是很熟悉的。它已成为欧洲国家最受欢迎的节日之一。圣诞节是在十月的最后一天。人们会从十月三十一日的午夜就一直开始庆祝到十一月一日。

At first, it is celebrated to praise autumn. So it falls on the late autumn. It also has another legend. Since a long time ago, Halloween has been connected with the ghosts. People consider that the ghosts who have no home to go will go out for food on the night of October, 31. No matter this story is true or not, people will feel afraid only hearing it. So they decide to have celebration on that day. They will light up lights to frighten the ghosts.

一开始庆祝它主要是为了赞美秋天。所以这个节日是在深秋。它还有另一个传说。很久以前，万圣节都是与鬼魂相关联的。人们认为那些无家可归的鬼魂会在10月31日晚上出来找食物。不管这个传书是真的还是假的，单单听说人们就会感到害怕了。所以，他们决定在那一天庆祝。他们会把灯点亮来吓唬鬼魂。

However, after a long time, Halloween become the day mainly for kids. Every Halloween children will put on strange masks and frightening costumes. Most children will make themselves become the monster or hero in the movie or legend that they like. When they finish the make up, they will carry bags from house to house to play the game, “Trick or treat”. The adults will put the treat candy into their bags. Thus, Halloween is the most favorable festival for children.

然而，经过很长一段时间后，万圣节主要成为了孩子们的节日。每年万圣节前夕，孩子都会戴上奇怪的面具，穿上吓人的服装。大多数孩子会扮成电影中或者传说他们喜欢的英雄或怪物。当他们化妆完后，他们会带着袋子挨家挨户去玩“不给糖就捣蛋”的游戏。大人们就会把准备好的糖果放进他们的袋子里。所以说，万圣节是孩子们最喜欢的节日。

Not only the kids like the festival, but also some grown-ups love it. They will join parties after making up. This brings them the satisfaction of being young. How about you? Do you love it?

不仅小孩喜欢这个节日，连大人也喜欢。大人们会在画完妆后参加聚会。这可以给他们带来年轻的快感。你呢?你喜欢万圣节吗?

our environment is becoming worse and worse，what can we do for the environment?I think each of us can do a little bit to help with this problem。

我们的环境变得越来越糟糕，我们能为环境做些什么?我认为我们每个人都可以做一点点来帮助解决这个问题。

The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go shopping. It helps to protect the environment. The second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. We should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save energy. Whats more，it would be better if we walk or ride a bike to school. We should try our best to reduce pollution and waste。

我们能做的第一件事是用布袋代替塑料袋当我们去购物。它有助于保护环境。我们能做的第二件事是尽可能重复使用旧课本可以。我们也永远不会忘记关灯，当我们离开教室时，为了节约能源。更重要的是，它会更好，如果我们步行或骑自行车去学校。我们应该尽力减少污染和浪费。

In fact，even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in。

事实上，即使是最简单的日常活动也能对环境产生很大的影响。我相信我们可以让世界更美好的生活。

阅读能给我们带来许多快乐，也能让我们增长许多知识。高尔基说过，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。所以说，书是我们获取知识的必要途径。我们要多读书，读好书，给自己补充能量。

我在阅读中积累了不少的好词佳句，这对我来说也是一笔财富。这让我在写作文的时候轻松了不少，我将积累的好词佳句“请”到作文中，不仅可以让我文笔流畅，还能使文章增光添彩呢！

宋朝皇帝赵恒也说过，书中自有黄金屋。我想知道这黄金屋里装的到底是什么呢？是知识、是智慧、是感悟、是亲情还是友情？我最近看了一本《小小猴找朋友》，看到一半的时候，我那不争气的眼泪就掉了下来，因为他没有好好珍惜身边的友情，失去了唯一的朋友。我有点为他难过，同时又有点担心，我怀着忐忑不安的心情往下读，后来小小猴又找到了一位新朋友，这次他没有犯同样的错误，他们变成了好朋友，一直在一起。读完这本书，我明白了许多道理，我不会让小小猴的错误发生在我的身上。我终于明白，这黄金屋里装的东西太好了，我要用一生的时间去探索它呢！

我从阅读中学到了知识，明白了道理，也得到了许多的快乐，同学们让我们一起在阅读中茁壮成长吧！

my mother is the person who has influenced me most。She is in her forties。 She always listens to my problems patiently。 And she advises me how to solve them。 As a doctor， she often says she can’t be too careful。 She often works extra hours。 She has devoted most of her time to her work。 So I think she is not only a good mother but also a good doctor。I hope I can be a person like her。 I also hope she will pay more attention to her own health。 She’d better have more time to relax herself。

Park

Thereisaparknearmyhome.Therearealotofbeautifultrees,flowersandbirdsinthepark.Somanypeoplegototheparktoenjoytheirweekends.Theylikewalkingorhavingapicnicinthepark.ButIlikeflyingakitewithmysisiterthere.我家附近有一个公园。那里有很多美丽的树、花和小鸟。所以很多人都喜欢到那里去度周末。他们喜欢在公园里散步或是野餐.但是我喜欢和我姐姐在那里放风筝。

Bedroom

Ihaveasmallbedroom.Thereareonlyasmallbed,asmalldeskandasmallchairintheroom.Andthereisabeautifuldollonmybluebed.EverydayIdomyhomework,readbooksandplaygameswiththedollinmybedroom.Itissmall,butitgivesmemuchhappiness.我有一间小小的卧室。那里有一张小小的床、小小桌子和一把小小的椅子。而且还有一个漂亮的娃娃在我那张蓝色的小床上。我每天都在房间里写作业，看书和与我的娃娃玩。虽然房间很小，但是他给了我很多欢乐。

Myfather

Myfatherisatallandhandsomeman.Heisapoliceman.Everydayhecomesbackhomeverylate,becausehemusthelptheothers.Hedoesnthavetimetoexaminemyhomeworkandtakemetothepark.ButIlikemyfather,becauseheisagoodpoliceman.我的爸爸是一个高大帅气的男人。他是一个警察。他每天都很晚才回家，因为他要帮助其他的人。他没有时间给我检查作业和带我去公园。但是我仍然很喜欢我的爸爸，因为他是一个好警察。

IamfromShenZhen.Inspring,theweatheriswarmandwet.Icanplaykite.Insummer,theweatherishotandwet.Icanswimintheswimmingpool.Intheautumn,theweatheriscoolanddry.Icanplaykite,too.Inthewinter,theweatheriscoldanddry.Itneversnow.

我是来自深圳。在春天，在天气温暖及潮湿。我可以玩风筝。在夏季，天气炎热及潮湿。我可以游泳，在游泳池。在秋天，天气凉爽，干燥。我可以玩风筝，太。在冬季，天气寒冷及干燥。它从来没有积雪。

Todayismygrandpasbirthday.Ourfamilywentbacktomygrandpashomeinthemorning.Wegottogethertohaveabigfamilydinnertocelebratehisbirthady.Weboughtabigbirthdaycakeandgavesomepresentstomygrandpa.

Intheafternoon,wewenttotheparktogoboating.Wehadagoodtime.Mygrandpahadanicetimeonhisbirthday.

今天是爷爷的生日，我们全家早晨回到爷爷家。我们举行了大型家庭聚会来庆祝爷爷的生日。我们买了一个大生日蛋糕，并且送给爷爷一些礼物。

下午我们去公园划船。我们玩得很开心，爷爷过了一个愉快的生日

Mr.Knottisateacher.Heisathome.Thetelephonerings.Heanswersthephone.Hesays,“Hello.Thisis82654379.Whosthat?”“Watt”amananswers.“wattsyourname,please?”saysMr.Knottisangry.“Wattsmyname!”theothermanisangey,too.

knott先生是一名教师。他是在家中。电话响了。他回答接起电话，说，“你好，这是82654379。你是谁？”“瓦特”一个男人答道。“请问你的名字是什么？”knott先生生气地说。“瓦特就是我的名字！”另一名男子是也生气了。

Afarmerhasfivesons.TheyareTed,Bob,Tom,JohnandBill.Johnhasnoelderbrother.Hewasfouryearsolderwhenhisfirstyoungerbrotherwasborn.ThenumberofTom‘selderbrothersisequaltohisyoungerbrothers.Billwillbetwenty-oneyearsoldnextyear,andheisfiveyearsolderthanBob.BobistwoyearsyoungerthanTom.Tedwassadbecausehehasnoyoungerbrother.TherearetwelveyearsbetweenhimandJohn.一个农民有5个儿子。他们是Ted,Bob,Tom,John和Bill。John没有比他大的哥哥，他比第一个出生的比他小的那个弟弟大4岁，Tom哥哥的数量和他的弟弟的数量是一样的（就是他是老三）Bill明年就21岁了，他比Bob大5岁，比Tom小2岁，Ted因为没有弟弟而难过Ted和John之间差了12岁

Everythinginthisworldhasanatureofitsown.Somearecharming,someareseducing,likethecandy,chocolate,thecakes,andsomeburneverythinglikefire,assoonasyougetnear.

天地万物各有其本质，有些东西很有吸引力、很诱人，像糖果、巧克力、蛋糕等；有些则像火一样，任何东西一靠近就会被它烧掉。

OnMyWaytoSchool

TodayIgotupveryearlyinthemorning.AfterIfinishedbreakfast,Iwenttoschool.OnmywaytoschoolIsawsomethinglyingontheground.

Ipickeditupandfounditwasamobilephone.IwasafraidIwouldbelateforschool.Ihadnotimetowaitfortheowner.SoIgaveittothepoliceman.

ShortlyafterIreachedmyschool,theheadmastercametomyclassandpraisedmeinfrontoftheclass.Howcouldheknewallaboutit?IguessitmustbethepolicemanwhotoldhimwhatIdid.

IamveryhappythatIhavedoneagoodjob.

就我在上学的路上

今天，我得到了很早就在上午。当我完成早餐，我去了学校。就我在上学的路上我看到的东西躺在地上。我挑选它，并发现这是一部手提电话。我恐怕我会迟到的学校。我没有时间去等待的所有者。因此，我给它的警察。

不久后，我达到了我的学校，校长来到我的班级，并赞扬我在前面的阶级。他怎么会知道的所有关于它呢？我猜想，它必须是警察谁告诉他，我所做的。我很高兴我已经做得不错。

Chinahasbeenapowerfulcountryforthemostpartofthepastthreethousandyears.Chinaisnowrisingagain.Whyisthatsosurprisingtopeople?Historyisthebestevidence.TheriseofChinaisjustamatterofwhen,notif.Plus,doyouwant$100jeans?Doyouwant$200shoes?Doyouwant$3000computers?IftheanswersareNO,youdbetterthankChinaandappreciatethebenefitsthatitbringstoyourdailylife.

中国在过去3000年历史中大部分时间当中都是个强大的国家。中国现在再次崛起，为什么人们会感到如此奇怪？历史是最好的证明。中国崛起只是个时间问题，而不是是否能崛起的问题。另外，你希望卖100美元一条的牛仔裤，200美元一双鞋，3000美元的电脑吗？如果不愿意，你必须要感谢中国，感谢中国为你日常生活做出的贡献。

Reading is playing an important part in my daily life.Reading can make us enjoy our life.Reading has numerous advantages.Reading helps us to work engeretically.

There are a varity of books for us to choose from,like history books,science books,literary books and so on.I like history books very much.First of all,reading books can widen my knowledge of customs,cultures and life styles of different places and countries.Seondly,I can make friends through reading more books.I can share my opinion with my new friends who like reading history books too.Finally,reading is the best way of pastime.

In a word,we can benefit a lot from reading.It is worth spending the time reading books.

A good book not only brings happiness to people, but also comforts; it can

not only make you think deeply, but also enlighten you. A good book is a wise

man, a mentor, a friend, and a partner. My favorite thing is reading.

books also bring me much joy. I remember one time, my mother bought me

"Insects", the book records many insects and their habits. I couldnt put it

down, and when I got home, I picked up the book and read it with interest. When

I read the firefly insect, a beautiful scene immediately appeared in my mind: On

a summer night, I was walking in the park, and at this time, many fireflies were

flying around me. Illuminate the way forward... The more I think about it, the

more excited I am, and I read it more seriously. When I read about ants, an

insect, I couldnt help but be shocked by its unity. Together, ants can move

things that are several times heavier than them. I also feel that we must learn

from the spirit of ants. Reading and reading, I forgot the time. It wasnt until

my mother came to ask me to eat, I reluctantly put down the book and swallowed a

spit, as if swallowing wisdom into my stomach, my heart was still in the

colorful world of insects.

Gorky once said: "I am on books, like hungry people are on bread." Food

feeds only our bodies, and books feed our souls. Books can increase our

knowledge, broaden our horizons, and improve our writing skills; they can bring

us inspiration and happiness. "When the book is used, we hate less", so I think

we need to read more and read more books to make our achievements bloom like

sesame seeds.

As the winterVacationhas come, my families decide to do something

different. We spend the time in foreign country, which is a very warm place for

me. We fly to Thailand and it is the summer weather all the time. I feel so

comfortable and enjoy the sunshine there. It is the best winter holiday for

me.