英国和美国的文化差异英语作文热门20篇

Caucus goers met at sites around the state to show support for their candidate and be counted in the first contest of the 2016 Presidential nominating cycle.

This year the Iowa caucuses drew many first-time caucus-goers.

John Clark is one of them. He says that he took the time to caucus in order to make his voice heard.

"I feel like its part of being American as you get the chance to do this, you get the chance to say what you believe in, and have a voice and vote."

Thanking his supporters, Ted Cruz relished in a major victory over Donald Trump, the national poll leader.

"Iowa has sent notice that the republican nominee in the next president of the United States will not be chosen by the media, will not be chosen by the Washington establishment, will not be chose by the lobbyists but will be chosen by the most incredible power for force where all sovereignty resides in our nation by we the people, the American people."

Trump is a controversial figure among Iowa voters.

"I think he can bring the rights to change the government back to the people."

"I can say I will not be supporting Trump. Our views just dont agree. I believe in equality and respect for all people and I dont think he does."

Despite a disappointing second place finish for the often bombastic real-estate mogul, Trump was gracious in conceding defeat.

"I am really honored. And I want to congratulate Ted and I want to congratulate all of the incredible candidates including Mike Huckabee."

Analysts say that Florida Senator Marco Rubio is likely to enjoy increased momentum going forward.

Rubio finished a solid third, just one percentage point behind Trump but well ahead of the rest of the GOP field.

Hillary Clinton endured a nail-biter of a night that finished in a virtual tie with Bernie Sanders.

Clinton says she will keep fighting on in her address to supporters.

"I want you to know I will keep doing what I have done my entire life. I will keep standing up for you. I will keep fighting for you. I will always work to achieve the America that I believe in where the promise of that dream that we hold out to our children and our grandchildren never fades but inspires generations to come. Join me, lets go win the nomination."

Although for many, tonight is just the beginning of a long slog to the two major parties national conventions in August, it also marks the end of the line for candidates who failed to gain traction.

Two contenders: Maryland Governor Martin OMalley and former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, dropped out after poor showings today in Iowa.

[美国选举的英语作文

What Is American Dream?

什么是美国梦？

What is the American Dream? Is it the same for all Americans? Is it a myth? Is it simply a search for a better life? How has the American Dream changed over time? Some see their dreams wither and die while others see their dreams fulfilled. Why? Everyone has dreams abut a personally fulfilled life... and what is your dream?

什么是美国梦？所有的美国人都是一样的吗？它是虚构的事吗？它是为了追求更好的生活吗？美国梦随着时间是如何改变的？有些人的梦想破灭了而有些人却实现了梦想。是什么原因呢？每个人都有自己想要实现的梦想，你的梦想是什么呢？

The term American Dream was first used by James Adams in his book The Epic of America which was written in 1931. He states: The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown tired and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to get to the fullest stature of which they are capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position."

美国梦这个词最早出现在詹姆斯·亚当斯1931年写的《美国史诗》这本书中。他写道：美国梦是指渴望生活在能够让人们生活丰裕富足的热土上，每个人都有机会实现自己的价值。它是一个欧洲上流社会很难理解和体会的梦想，并且我们中的相当多人对此持怀疑和不信任的态度。这个梦想不仅仅是拥有汽车和高工资，而且还应当包括这样一种社会秩序，在这种秩序下，男人和女人不论他们出身如何，社会地位如何，都能最大程度地实现自己的潜能并为他人所认可和接受”。

In the united States Declaration of Independence, our founding fathers state: "... all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness." Might this view be considered the foundation of the American Dream?

在美国的《独立宣言》中，我们的创始人指出：“……所有的人人生而平等，创物主赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，这其中包括生命权，自由权和追求幸福的权利。”这一说法也许可能被视为美国梦的基础？

Were homesteaders who left the big cities of the east to find happiness and their piece of land in the unknown wilderness of the west pursuing these Rights? Were the immigrants who came to the United States looking for their bit of life, liberty, happiness and their Dream? And what did the desire of the veteran of World War II—to settle down, to have a home, a car and a family—tell us about this Dream? Is the American Dream attainable by all Americans? Would Martin Luther King feel his Dream was attained? Did Malcolm X realize his Dream?

农场主为了寻找幸福离开了东部的大城市，抛弃了他们在西部未知荒野上的土地，他们是在实现自己权利吗？移民来到美国，是为了自己想要的生活，追求自由、幸福和梦想吗？二战老兵的愿望又是什么呢，安定下来，有居住的房子，汽车然后组建家庭——告诉我们这就是梦想？所有美国人都能实现美国梦吗？马丁·路德金会认为自己能够梦想成真吗？马尔科姆·X实现自己的梦想了吗？

[什么是美国梦的英语作文

前几天，我们在课堂上学了《普罗米修斯的故事》和《燧氏钻木取火》，我对东西方文化也有了新的看法。

《普罗米修斯的故事》讲的是普罗米修斯同情人类，为人类盗取了天火，结果被宙斯惩罚。《燧氏钻木取火》讲的是一个叫燧氏的年轻人在天神伏羲的指引下找到了钻木取火的办法。

他们有着相同点和不同点，他们的相同点是：《普罗米修斯的故事》中普罗米修斯发现人们住在山洞里饥寒交迫；人们被野兽捕食，甚至彼此猎食——人们实在是一切生物中最可怜的了。而《燧氏钻木取火》中大神伏羲想让人知道火的用处。从这里可以看出火的起源都是人类不知道怎么用火、也不知道火是什么时候开始的。所以天神同情人类、可怜人类，想帮助人类。

他们的不同点一：《普罗米修斯的故事》中普罗米修斯他把几个冷得发抖的人从山洞中叫出来，为他们生了火，叫他们用火取暖的方法。从这里可以看出普罗米修斯是直接把火种给了人类。而《燧氏钻木取火》中伏羲大展神通，在山林中降下了一场雷雨，雷电劈在树木上，树木燃烧起来，很快就变成了熊熊大火。从这里看出伏羲是想让人类自己去发现这种叫火的东西。

第二个不同点：西方神话中的西方天神有的是自私、有的是博爱的。宙斯就是自私自利的，而普罗米修斯就是博爱的。在普罗米修斯向宙斯索要火种时，宙斯冷酷无情地说不给，所以在宙斯不同意后，普罗米修斯为了让人类生活条件变好，只好去盗取火种。但东方文化中，东方天神是智慧的，伏羲大神而是教会人们如何得到火种。《燧氏钻木取火》中的燧氏学会了取火的方法，他找来各种树枝，耐心地用不同的树枝进行摩擦。终于树枝上冒烟了，然后钻出火了。这样人类就找到了取火的方法——钻木取火。

从这里可以看出东方是智慧的，什么事都是要自己来想办法的。而西方是自私的、博爱的，什么事都是神来为你受罚。所以东方更相信人的力量，而西方是更崇尚神的力量。

In recent years, there are more and more Confucius Institutes being built

all around the world, which shows that our Chinese culture become much more

popular than ever. As one of the four ancient civilizations, China has long

history and creates many splendid cultures. The ancient culture once had great

influence on the world, such as Japan, South Korea and other Asian and European

countries.

From the respect of school, Confucianism, Mohism, Taoism, and Legalism are

the main schools created in ancient China, and they also have great influence on

the Modern China and the world, especially the Confucianism. They deeply root in

traditional Chinese culture and people’s daily lives.

Specially, kung fu, traditional Chinese painting, poem, opera, cooking,

clothing, architecture and many other kinds of cultural forms make up the

splendid Chinese culture. The kinds listed above are the typical ones which

connect to each other at the same time. For example, painting, clothing and

architecture has many things in common. And each kind of cultural form contains

numerous intentions.

In short, Chinese culture are the accumulation of Chinese history, which

makes Chinese culture colorful and prosperous. If one wants to know or study

Chinese culture deeply, he or she must spend much time in it, otherwise he or

she can only get the tip of an iceberg.

June 6th Thursday Sunny

This afternoon a young American friend called Mike came to our school. He visited our lab, library and school factory. At five oclock he had a free talk with some of my classmates. I was lucky to be one of them.

Mike spoke English slowly and carefully, so we could understand what he said. We talked about our English study for about an hour. Before he left our school, I asked him in English, "What do you think of our school?" He answered with a smile, "Oh, its wonderful!"

This is the first time for me to talk with a foreigner in English. English is really userful.

【参考译文】

6月6日 星期四 晴

今天下午一位叫迈克的美国朋友来到了我校。他参观了我们的实验室、图书馆和校办工厂。在5点钟他和我班的一些同学座谈，我有幸称为其中的一名。

迈克的英语讲得很慢，很认真，所以我们能听懂他说的话。关于英语学习情况我们聊了大约一个小时。在他离校之前，我用英语问他：“你认为我们学校怎么样？”他面带微笑回答：“好极了！”

这是我第一次用英语同老外谈话，英语真的挺有用。

American flag for a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of 19:10 for the Stars and Stripes (the Star-Spangled Banner), the upper-left corner flag for the blue stars surface area of the stars a few provisions in the respective departments, the United States is the state flag on the number of a few of the stars. Star 13 is outside the red and white stripes, 13 stripes on behalf of the original 13 colonies in North America. According to Washington, said: symbol of the United Kingdom with red stripes, white stripes and a symbol of freedom from it.

More general argument that the red symbol of strength and courage, a symbol of purity and innocence of white, blue is a symbol of vigilance, perseverance and justice. In 1818 the U.S. Congress pass the bill, red and white flag on the fixed width for the 13, the number of five-pointed star should be in line with several states of America.

Each additional state, the national flag on a star to increase, the general in the new states to join the second year after the implementation of July 4. So far has been the national flag to 50 stars, representing the 50 U.S. states. June 14 each year as "the development of the anniversary of the American flag." On this day, commemorative activities held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love of America.

美国国旗为长方形，长宽之比为19：10，为星条旗(the Star-Spangled Banner)，旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内的星数于有关部门规定，美国的州数就是国旗上的星数。星区以外是13道红白相间的条纹，13道条纹代表最初北美13块殖民地。据华盛顿说：红色条纹象征英国，白色条纹象征脱离它而获得自由。更普遍的说法认为，红色象征强大和勇气，白色象征纯洁和清白，蓝色则象征警惕，坚韧不拔和正义。

1818年美国国会通过法案，国旗上的红白宽条固定为13道，五角星数目应与合众国州数一致。每增加一个州，国旗上就增加一颗星，一般在新州加入后的第二年7月4日执行。至今国旗上已增至50颗星，代表美国的50个州。每年6月14日为“美国国旗制定纪念日”。在这一天，美国各地举行纪念活动，以示对国旗的敬重和对合众国的热爱。

There was a kindly nobleman whose wife had died of an illness leaving the nobleman and his three daughters in despair. After losing all his money in useless and bad inventions the family had to move into a peasants cottage, where the daughters did their own cooking, sewing and cleaning.When it came time for the daughters to marry, the father became even more depressed as his daughters could not marry without dowries, money and property given to the new husbands family.One night after the daughters had washed out their clothing they hung their stockings over the fireplace to dry. That night Saint Nicholas, knowing the despair of the father, stopped by the noblemans house. Looking in the window Saint Nicholas saw that the family had gone to bed. He also noticed the daughters stockings. Inspiration struck Saint Nicholas and he took three small bags of gold from his pouch and threw them one by one down the chimney and they landed in the stockings.The next morning when the daughters awoke they found their stockings contained enough gold for them to get married. The nobleman was able to see his three daughters marry and he lived a long and happy life.Children all over the world continue the tradition of hanging Christmas stockings. In some countries children have similar customs, in France the children place their shoes by the fireplace, a tradition dating back to when children wore wooden peasant shoes.

译文：

关于圣诞节在火炉边悬挂圣诞袜也有一个有趣的传说。很久很久以前有一个心地善良的贵族，他的妻子因病去逝，抛下他和他的三个女儿。这个贵族尝试了不少发明，都失败了，但也因此耗尽了钱财，所以他们不得不搬到一家农舍里生活，他的女儿们也只得亲自烧煮、缝纫和打扫。

一晃几年过去，女儿们陆续到了出嫁的年龄，父亲却变得更加沮丧，因为他没钱给女儿们买嫁妆。

一天晚上，女儿们洗完衣服后将长统袜挂在壁炉前烘干。圣人Nicholas知道了她们父亲的境况后，就在那天晚上，来到她们的家门前。他从窗口看到一家人都已睡着了，同时也注意到了女孩们的长统袜。随即，他从口袋里掏出三小包黄金从烟囱上一个个投下去，刚好掉在女孩们的长统袜里。

第二天早上，女儿们醒来发现她们的长统袜里装满了金子，足够供她们买嫁妆了。这个贵族也因此能亲眼看到他的女儿们结婚，从此便过上了幸福快乐的生活。  后来，世界各地的孩子们都继承了悬挂圣诞袜的传统。有些国家的孩子则有其它类似的风俗，如在法国，孩子们将鞋子放在壁炉旁。

The difference between chinese and western culture

With the rapidly challging word, people throughout the world have found it increasingly necessary to minimize the rate of misunderstanding due to miscommunication in their contacts with another. In the oast most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geoographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. It might be said that technological advances have been most effective in creating the borderless word, the global community. As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remot cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. It is no longer hard to find situations in which membes of ince isolared groups of people. Now these people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other. So all the people are faced with the challenge of understand this world. So when the east meet west, there are many problems. Some problems are listed as follows.

First of all, the way of eating. All huaman beings have certain basic needs. Our fundamental needs for things that keep us alive. This is the physioligical need. All individuals must eat in order to survive. But what people eat, when they eat, and the manners in which they eat are all patterned by culture. No society views everything in its environment that is edible and might provide nurishment as food. Americans eat oysters but not snail. The French eat snails but not locusts. The Jews eat fish but not pork. The Hindus eat pork but not beef. The Russiand eat beef but not snake. We all have ideas about what kinds of food are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of food are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the food that people from another culture eat are disgusting or nauseating. Dislike is not the only reason why some culture will not eat a certain food. In some clture, certain foods are taboo. Sometimes the food taboos may be so strong thrat just the thought of eating forbidden foods can cause an indivdual to feel ill. We can also find culture difference in way of bring up children treating the early, greeting each other, saying and spending money before other people do in everyday, but in some English-speaking countries, people do not agree with us. We chinese may enjoy something that is not usually consider as edible by the English-speaking people. Generally we perfer to have thing hot and much emphasis on the taste. We eat from one plate when we are eating with others, and we like to seat one by one, and in the shape of a round. On the opposite, some English-speaking contries, most of the people like to seat in two rows, two people face to face. They have their own plate. On the aspect of table manners, there are many differences between chinese and English-speaking people. For example, in some Englishi-speaking countries, Bread plates are to the left of the main plate, beverage glasses are to the right. Salad fork, knife and soup spoon are further from the

main plate than the main course knife, fork and spoon. When eating bread rolls, break off a piece before buttering. Use the knife only to butter the bread, not to cut it. They should not start eating before your host does or instructs to do so. At larger meals, it is considered okay to start eating once others have been served. When finished, place the knife and fork together at five o’clock with the fork on the left. It is considered rude to answer the telephone at the table. If need to take an urgent call, excuse self and go outside. Try to eat all the food you are served. But in China, the table manners are different. Chinese traditionally eat rice from a small bowl held in the left hand. The rice bowl is raised to the mouth and the rice pushed into the mouth using the chopsticks. Some Chinese find it offensive to scoop rice from the bowl using a spoon. If rice is served on a plate, as is more common in the West, it is acceptable and more practical to eat it with a fork or spoon. The thumb must always be above the edge of the bowl. The host should always make sure the guests drinks are sufficiently full. One should not pour for ones self, but should offer to pour for a neighbor. When your drink is being poured, you should say "thank you" and tap fingers on the table to show appreciation. When people wish to clink drinks together in the form of a cheer, it is important to observe that younger members should clink the edge of their drink below the edge of an elder to show respect.

Secondly, the way of communication. Form birth to death, communication plays an integral part in our life. There are some language problems, including the different styles of using language such as direct, indirect; expansive, succinct; argumentative, conciliatory; instrumental, harmonnizing; and so on. These different styles can lead to wrong interpretations of intent and evaluation of insincerity, aggreeiveness, deviousness, or arrogance, among other. The misinterpretation nonverbal signs and symbols such as gestures, postures, and other body movements. It is a definite communication barrier. But it is possible to learn the meanings of these observable message,usually in informal rather ways. It is more difficult to understand the less obvious unspoken codes of the other cultures. Language, as the carrier of culture, is created during the process of human beings’ productive labor and serves as the tool of communication to convey the message between people. However, it has been endowed with magic and power in particular language acts. As the old saying goes, troubles come out of the tongue. Superstitious people think that the language itself can bring about fortune or misfortune so that taboos to restrict the use of language are created. Anyone who violates them will get punishment, whereas those who faithfully obey the restrictions of language taboo will get protection. Furthermore, linguistic taboos change with the development of society .The paper firstly analyzes the evolution of linguistic taboo. It is indicated in the paper that linguistic taboo exists in almost every aspect of people’s life and is a universal social phenomenon in China and Britain. Both Chinese and

English cultures are in agreement about linguistic taboos such as pronunciation taboo, and vocabulary taboo. However, influenced by different cultural backgrounds, ideologies and the concepts of value, Chinese and English linguistic taboos also have differences, as is discussed in the paper from the aspects of taboo subjects, taboo numbers and names. At last, this paper puts forward two effective ways of avoiding taboo, that is, using euphemism and having a good knowledge of the taboo culture. And this discussion would help English learners improve their ability of cross-cultural communication and achieve better communicational effects. For example, During the feudal times, people were not equal to the rulers and were suppressed by their superiors. The distinction between the upper and the lower classes was also reflected in the evaluation of the language used by them respectively. The words of upper class used were considered good and elegant while those used by the lower class were regarded as vulgar and indecent and should be avoided in the speech of ladies and gentlemen. In modern society, as a result of the development of science and technology, many natural phenomena are no longer mysterious. Human beings not only constantly improve their abilities to exploit the world where they are living through their great wisdom and knowledge, but also make efforts to explore the extraterrestrial world. Science has much more say in today’s society. Thereby, the superstitious elements in linguistic taboos decrease while those reflecting spiritual civilization increase.

In short, by comparison, we can find that both Chinese and English communication reflect people’s psychology for good will, for safety and fortune and pleasantness. The Chinese and English people restrict their words and deeds through taboos, trying to keep a harmonious relationship between human and nature, or between people and society. They are a reflection of people’s pursuit of freedom and equality.

The most important, the different way of family structure, family values and family education. Family structure is the big difference between east and west, traditional chinese, amony many other Asians, repect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them. Children repay their parents` sacrifices by being successful and supporting them in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. In contrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as a tremendous burden in the English-speaking countries, where aging and family support are not honored highly. In some English-speaking countries are still extrmely family-oriented. They are dedicated to helping their children and will sacrifice greatly for their children to get an edcuation. In turn, the children are devoted to their parents, who often live nearby. Grown children who go away and leave the country for the economic reasons typically send large parts of their salary home to their parents and the rest of the family. Or in some Asia, any decisions or actions are done from family consideration, not individual desires. Peope`s behavior is judged on whether it

brings shame or pride to the family. The children are trained to rely on their families, to honor elderly people, and to fear foreigners. And many of them think that their actions in this life will influence their status in the next life.

The way of family edcation is also the different. We all know the family education is the elementary education for children. Many serious problems have appeared in our education system in recent years. Almost everyone has realized the importance of solving these problems and many people have presented a lot of valuable suggestions. There are many types of family education in the world and each of them shows distinctive features and is closely responsive to its culture. And American family education is the most famous one among them. There are great differences in the concepts of education, methods of education and results of education between East family education and West family education. In some English-speaking countries, parents’ aims are to train their children to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently. Based on this concept, most American parents emphasize more to train their children’s ability of independence once they are born. They generally believe that children’s growth must rely on their own experiences, because they think that children should form a self-supporting will and the capacity to live independently since their childhood. And the capacity comes from the training in the early age. The so-called training contains many aspects, such as work, temper will, patience, the spirit of hard work, etc. However, the most fundamental training is the ability of adapting to hard conditions. Through the process of work, children will form the labor sense, learn some work skills and form a habit of labor. Besides, children can learn how to overcome difficulties, temper their willpower, develop their talents and skills, rich their knowledge, and form a habit of hard work and thrifty by working in hard conditions. It is just in the unconsciously process that children will obtain the independent survivability and take the responsibilities for the society. Compared with some English-speaking countries, Chinese parents have a very different concept of children’s education. Some parents in China only care about whether the children have a promising future, a good job, a good life or not. Based on these expectations, the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. Chinese parents would like to provide everything what they can for their children in the process of children’s growth. In short, they would like to sacrifice anything if their children can live better with their help. Therefore, in the process of children’s growth, the most important thing the parents concerning is to developing their children’s intellect, except for caring children’s daily life. In order to make their children have a good performance in study, become outstanding, or even become a famous person in the future, they would not let children do anything except studying. As for the children’s independence, civic awareness and their ability adapting to the

society in the future, they consider little or not at all. From these aspects we can find the obvious differences of family education between America and China.

When we faced with those difference between West and East, we should give some advice to solve these problems. According to the three big difference that pointed, we should find some way to deal with these problems.

We can study other languages and learn to expect in nonvwebal forms and other cultural aspects. We can train ourselves to meet intercultural encounters with more attention to situation details. We can use an investigative approach rather than stereotypes and preconceptions. We can gradually expose ourselves to differences so that they become less threatening. We can even learn to lower our tension level when needed to advoid triggering defensive reactions. The overall goal should be to achieve intercultural communication competence.

So the ideal solution to reduce the problems are to share knowledge with others in communication. This is why it is easiest to communicate with other members of the same group. This is why people so often gather together socially with others who are very much like them. Since intercultural communication is communication with members of different cultual groups, and therefore, because we do not share knowledge, assumptions, values, and forms of discourse with them, we must expect there to be problems of interpretation. We must look for these problems, anticipate where they will arise out of our differences, and then plan our aommunications to be as effective as possible.

However, we have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of dfferent cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same tings in different manners, even though we can not understand ,we should show the respect. I believe this is the best way to make our life become more comfortable and make the world more harmonious.

When the founder of Facebook, Mark Zuckerbergs daughter was born, he

announced a general decision and surprised the world. Mark told media that he

would donate 99 percent of his fortune to the charity organizations. Some people

wonder why he did not save the heritage for his offspring. In fact, in western

countries, for some rich people, they dont trend to leave much fortune for

their kids, instead, they use the money to educate their children and cultivate

them to be the wise persons. The rich people leave the invisible fortune, which

is their fame. Their children can have more chances to do their business or

receive better education with their family names. The wise rich men know the

best way to educate their offspring. They teach skills and the way of thinking,

which values everything.

今年，利用暑假机会，我参加了中学生“美国之行”学习交流团，虽然短短的十几天，却切身感受到了异国的风情，也确实发现了一些中美文化的不同之处。这里写下的只是我的点滴感受。管窥之见。

散漫平等的校园文化

刚到美国的几天里，我们到一所地地道道的美国学院学习英语。初进教学楼的我们，仿佛进了迷宫中一般，常常找不到教室。很简单，美国学校的教室并不像我国的大多教学校那样把教室顺序排列在楼道一侧，其教室布局很随意，只在教室门口写上授课老师的名字。经过了整整一天的学习。大家才在教学楼里认清了方向。而教室里也没有那一块高出来的专属老师的讲台，上课时，美国的老师总喜欢走到学生们中间和大家“零距离”接触，以此来体现老师和学生的平等。更为奇怪的是。教室里竟连窗户也没有，老师解释说这是保护学生们上课时的隐私。最让我吃惊的是，当我赠送给教授英语课的老师一件中国小礼物时，老师竟然激动地和我拥抱，我虽一时不能适应老师的举动，却对这种朋友般的师生关系深深喜爱。

而在我国的大部分学校中，还是需要窗户让阳光洒进教室起照明作用的。也许在极少的时间里。你会在窗户后看到一双眼睛。

慎重保守的城建文化

华盛顿是美国的首都，想必是一片繁盛之景吧。可导游的一声“华盛顿到了”却叫我们大跌眼镜。什么呀，到处都是不超过十层的低矮建筑。在这里，十六七层的建筑可以称得上是高层建筑了。本以为美国到处都是高楼大厦的我，现在大失所望，不客气地说，华盛顿还不如我国的一些中小型城市呢。导游告诉我们，华盛顿的很多建筑都超过了百年历史，这里不允许建高楼，主要是为了不让城市的历史风貌遭到破坏，可以将美国的历史传承下去。如果遍地都是高楼大厦，我们还去哪儿看原汁原味的美国呢?

我们北京是历史古都，有数不尽的历史遗迹。当年梁思成先生曾提出保留老城墙改建城墙公园，结果指责先生阻碍城市建设的声潮一浪高过一浪，先生抱憾而去。而今当我们意识到京味文化的流失时，又大兴前门改造、永定门重建等工程，可那些还散发着油漆味的青砖又怎能体现历史的厚重呢?

热情开朗的“HELLO”文化

飞机抵达美国，我们最怕的事就是过美国海关了。工作人员可能都很凶，再叽里咕噜说一大串英文我们就真的过不了关了。在我胆战心惊地把护照交给长着大胡子的工作人员时。那位大叔夸张地咧开大嘴朝我说了声“HELLO”，还真把我吓着了。这是我和美国的“HELLO”文化的第一次亲密接触。到航天博物馆参观还要安检，真麻烦，不过我还是乖乖打开了包。“你好!”怎么回事?是我听错了吗?面前的检查员竟是用中文向我们问好，他见我如此积极配合他的工作，还朝我竖了大拇指。“谢谢!”哦，他那蹩脚的发音，在场的每一个人都笑了。商店里，大街上，总能听到美国人用生硬的中文和我们打招呼，遇人先问声“HELLO”对他们来讲就是一种习惯。我们中国人比较含蓄，见到不太熟悉的人都不会主动打招呼，就更不用说对一个陌生的路人了。但中国是个礼仪之邦，在我们伸出双手欢迎世界人民的时代，一句简单的“HELLO”“你好”就能拉近彼此的距离甚至消除误会和隔膜，把中国人的热情展现给每一个人，那我们又为什么不尝试着去做呢?

虽然美国的历史并不长，但短短的十几天旅行对其文化的了解也只是停留在表面。中美文化各有其独特的风韵，两国文化也有许多可以借鉴交流的地方。

Maybe the Spring Festival is much more important and interesting than Christmas, but I like Christmas Day better. Because we can spend time with our friends and classmates during Christmas. When it is snowy,

Christmas becomes much more lovely, just like in fairytales. I can imagine I am in a fairytale, the girl who sold the matches is my friend, the ugly duck becoming more and more beautiful and so on. What a beautiful place! So we can also call Christmas “Snowy Lovely Day.”

On Christmas Day, shops are red and green. There are so many Christmas cards, Christmas hats, Christmas dolls and many colourful things. So shops look very beautiful. We can give a card or a doll to our friends and say “Merry Christmas.” By the way, I think studying can also become much more interesting.

Christmas is coming, it also means a new year will come. Let’s study harder to welcome the new year!

也许春节比圣诞节更加重要和有趣,但我更喜欢圣诞节。因为我们可以花时间和我们的朋友和同学在圣诞节。当它下雪了,

圣诞节变得多可爱,就像童话。我可以想象我在一个童话般的`,女孩谁出售了比赛是我的朋友,丑陋的鸭子变得越来越美丽了等等。多么美丽的地方!所以我们也可以通知圣诞"雪白美好的一天。”

在圣诞节,商店是红色和绿色。有这么多的圣诞卡,圣诞帽、圣诞节玩具和许多色彩鲜艳的东西。所以商店看起来很漂亮。我们可以给卡或玩偶来我们的朋友和说“圣诞快乐,“顺便问一句,我觉得学也可以变得更有意思。

圣诞即将来临,这也意味着新年会来的。让我们更努力去迎接新年!

Music美国人的音乐爱好

James Fenimore Cooper, an early American writer, once said, "The Americans are almost ignorant of the art of music." If that was once true, you would never know it today. Most Americans——even those without a musical bone in their bodies——have a favorite style of music. Many people enjoy classical and folk music from around the world. But other popular music styles in America were "made in the U.S.A."

一位美国早期的作家柯柏(James Fenimore Cooper)曾说：「美国人对音乐艺术几乎可以说是相当的无知。」如果这话曾经是事实，今日你绝不会这么认为了。大部份的美国人，甚至包括那些没有音乐细胞的人，都有自己喜爱的音乐型态。许多人喜欢世界各国的古典音乐和民俗音乐，然而美国其它的流行音乐则是「在美国制造」的。

Country and western music lies close to the heart of many Americans. This style originated among country folks in the southern and western United States. Country music tells down-to-earth stories about love and lifes hardships. Guitars, banjos and violins——also known as fiddles——give country music its characteristic sound. The home of country music is Nashville, Tennessee——Music City U.S.A. Country music even has its own theme park called "Opryland" where you can enjoy music shows and fun rides. "The Grand Ole Opry," the oldest radio show in the United States, broadcasts country music live from Opryland every weekend.

乡村和西部音乐深得很多美国人的人心，这种型态的音乐起源于美国南部和西部的乡村小民们。乡村音乐传述着真实不加渲染的爱情故事和生活中的艰难。吉他、五弦琴和小提琴(violin又名fiddle)可弹奏出乡村音乐的特殊音色。乡村音乐的发源地是田纳西州的纳许维尔市——美国的音乐城市。而乡村音乐甚至还有它自己的主题乐园——Opryland呢!在那儿你可以享受音乐表演以及好玩的游乐设施。美国最老牌的广播节目「The Grand Ole Opry」每个周末都实况播放Opryland的音乐。

Jazz music, developed by African-Americans in the late 1800s, allows performers to freely express their emotions and musical skill. Instead of just playing the melody, jazz musicians improvise different tunes using the same chords. The peak of jazz music came in the 1920s, known as "The Jazz Era." This period produced musicians like Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. These musicians later created the "big band" sounds of the 1930s. Different styles of jazz developed in different cities, such as New Orleans, Chicago, New York and Kansas City. Composer George Gershwin brought jazz into the world of classical music with pieces like "Rhapsody in Blue."

爵士乐是十九世纪末期由非裔的美国人发展出来的。它让表演者自由地表现他们的情感和音乐技巧。不仅演奏旋律，爵士音乐大师用同样的和弦即兴演奏出不同的曲调。爵士乐的高峰期出现于二○年代，该时期被称为「爵士年代」。这个时期创造出来的乐手有阿姆斯特朗(Louise Armstrong)，古德曼(Benny goodman)和埃林顿(Duke Ellington)。这些乐手稍后都创造了三○年代的「大乐团」之音。在不同的城市也孕育出不同的爵士风格，像是纽奥尔良、芝加哥、纽约和坎萨斯市。作曲家盖希文(George Gershwin)更以像「蓝色狂想曲」这样的作品，将爵士乐带入古典音乐的世界里。

James Fenimore Cooper, an early American writer, once said, "The Americans are almost ignorant of the art of music." If that was once true, you would never know it today. Most Americans——even those without a musical bone in their bodies——have a favorite style of music. Many people enjoy classical and folk music from around the world. But other popular music styles in America were "made in the U.S.A."

一位美国早期的作家柯柏(James Fenimore Cooper)曾说：「美国人对音乐艺术几乎可以说是相当的无知。」如果这话曾经是事实，今日你绝不会这么认为了。大部份的美国人，甚至包括那些没有音乐细胞的人，都有自己喜爱的音乐型态。许多人喜欢世界各国的古典音乐和民俗音乐，然而美国其它的流行音乐则是「在美国制造」的。

Country and western music lies close to the heart of many Americans. This style originated among country folks in the southern and western United States. Country music tells down-to-earth stories about love and lifes hardships. Guitars, banjos and violins——also known as fiddles——give country music its characteristic sound. The home of country music is Nashville, Tennessee——Music City U.S.A. Country music even has its own theme park called "Opryland" where you can enjoy music shows and fun rides. "The Grand Ole Opry," the oldest radio show in the United States, broadcasts country music live from Opryland every weekend.

乡村和西部音乐深得很多美国人的人心，这种型态的音乐起源于美国南部和西部的乡村小民们。乡村音乐传述着真实不加渲染的爱情故事和生活中的艰难。吉他、五弦琴和小提琴(violin又名fiddle)可弹奏出乡村音乐的特殊音色。乡村音乐的发源地是田纳西州的纳许维尔市——美国的音乐城市。而乡村音乐甚至还有它自己的主题乐园——Opryland呢!在那儿你可以享受音乐表演以及好玩的游乐设施。美国最老牌的广播节目「The Grand Ole Opry」每个周末都实况播放Opryland的音乐。

Jazz music, developed by African-Americans in the late 1800s, allows performers to freely express their emotions and musical skill. Instead of just playing the melody, jazz musicians improvise different tunes using the same chords. The peak of jazz music came in the 1920s, known as "The Jazz Era." This period produced musicians like Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington. These musicians later created the "big band" sounds of the 1930s. Different styles of jazz developed in different cities, such as New Orleans, Chicago, New York and Kansas City. Composer George Gershwin brought jazz into the world of classical music with pieces like "Rhapsody in Blue."

爵士乐是十九世纪末期由非裔的美国人发展出来的。它让表演者自由地表现他们的情感和音乐技巧。不仅演奏旋律，爵士音乐大师用同样的和弦即兴演奏出不同的曲调。爵士乐的高峰期出现于二○年代，该时期被称为「爵士年代」。这个时期创造出来的乐手有阿姆斯特朗(Louise Armstrong)，古德曼(Benny goodman)和埃林顿(Duke Ellington)。这些乐手稍后都创造了三○年代的「大乐团」之音。在不同的城市也孕育出不同的爵士风格，像是纽奥尔良、芝加哥、纽约和坎萨斯市。作曲家盖希文(George Gershwin)更以像「蓝色狂想曲」这样的作品，将爵士乐带入古典音乐的世界里。

[描述美国的英语作文

近了，近了，当游轮停靠在自由岛边时，法国1876年赠送给美国独立100周年的礼物自由女神像伫立在我们面前。雕塑家巴托尔迪历时10年完成的女神雕塑，身着古希腊风格的服装，左手捧着《独立宣言》，右手高举着火炬，脚下则是打碎的镣铐。在自由女神像周边，海鸥丝毫不畏惧游客，时而拍打着翅膀从游客头上飞过，时而盘旋着落在游人身边。 和自由女神像挥手再见，美国女诗人埃玛娜莎罗其的诗歌《新巨人》回荡在耳畔：把这些无家可归的/饱受颠沛的人们/一起交给我/我站在金门口/高举自由的灯火。当夜幕降临时，神像基座的灯光由下往上照射，青色的雕像独自站在哈德逊河口的自由岛上。

船很快又停靠在爱丽丝岛边。19世纪末、20世纪，每一位要入境美国新大陆的移民，都必经爱丽丝岛。尤其是在1892年至1954年的移民潮期间，超过1200万移民抵达此地，每天都有5000人在这个移民大厅等待移民官的询问。寻找自由与机会的移民们满怀希望而来，也有可能无法通过身体健康检疫被遣返，对许多人来说，他们眼里这座希望之岛，有时也是眼泪之岛。

爱丽丝岛移民历史博物馆，To New York的指示牌隐约可见。空荡的大厅里插着两面美国国旗，许多移民的照片悬挂在墙上。坐在椅子上随手翻看桌上塑封好的写满密密麻麻移民名字的本子，似乎每一个人都微不足道，但于他们个人而言，当年的移民经历，也许意味着一生的荣辱成败。

坐上最后一班返回的游船，船上的零售店开始清理当天卖不出去的熟食，帅气的小伙利索地包装好热狗、甜甜圈，微笑着示意乘客们可以随意自取。大部分游客和我一样，面对突如其来的免费食物，只是微笑着婉言谢绝，眼神中写满了怀疑。当最后几份食物被游客拿走并吃完后，我们才相信，那些热狗真是免费的。想到这是在美国，在自由岛和爱丽丝岛的旁边，我在想，一个人的气质是由内而外的；而一代人的精神风貌，来源于一个民族长期的积淀。

[美国移民文化小作文

This is a good news for Chinese singers, it is said that there will be a Chinese music group and a man invited to performance in the American famous music show. It sounds so inspiring, it seems that Chinese music has been introduced into American market. While the fact is not, the invited Chinese singers only get their performance when the advertisement time comes, it is so awkward, they are given the unimportant time. Chinese music still not get into the American musical market, American people just want to catch Chinese people’s attention and go into Chinese market, so they invited the Chinese singers. I believe that our Chinese music will get be popular around the world some day.

这对于中国歌手来说是个好消息，据说中国的一个乐团和一个男歌手受到邀请去美国著名的音乐节目表演。这听起来很励志，似乎中国的音乐已经打进了美国的市场然而事实并非如此，受到邀请的歌手仅仅只在广告的时间来进行他们的表演，这是多么尴尬啊，给予他们的时间是如此的不受重视。中国的音乐仍然没有打进美国英语市场，美国人民只是想要吸引中国人的注意，打进中国的市场，因此他们邀请了中国的歌手。我相信中国的音乐总有一天会在全世界变得流行。

The lunar new year is a great occasion to the chinese people. it lasts about the first four days of the year,during which people do not work except for the workers on duty. students do not go to school,and shops are closed.

several days before the new year,people begin to prepare. farmers kill pigs,sheep,cocks and hens. city dwellers buy meat fish and vegetables. houses are cleaned; coupletsare posted on the doors. colourful lanterns are hung at the gate.

On the eve of the new year,each family has its members gatherd together and eats a family reunion dinner. after the meal they watch tv until the clock strickes twelve. then every family sets off long strings of small firecrackers and other fire works to welcome the new year. on the first day of the new year,almost everyone is dressed in his or her best. when people meet on the way,they say to each other “happy new year”. friends and relatives pay new year calls and gives presents to each other. children indulge themselves in games.

文化差异何其大 美国为何难以理解中国

Do the events that led to the outbreak of the first world war carry lessons for the Sino-American relationship? A century ago it was the ascent of Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm I thatunsettled the world; today a rising China is roiling east Asia. Then, as now, domestic politicson both sides played a role; one that is too easily neglected.

导致一战爆发的事件对中美关系有什么启发意义吗?一个世纪以前，德国在威廉一世(Kaiser Wilhelm I)领导下的崛起让世界感到不安;如今，中国的崛起让东亚感到不安。当时和现在一样，对立双方的国内政治都发挥了作用——这是一个太容易被人们忽视的因素。

Why did Britain and Germany – linked by trade, dynastic ties, culture and religion – findthemselves at war in August 1914? In part, as historian Paul Kennedy has argued, it wasbecause London’s liberal ideology contributed to its perception of a growing German threat.

1914年8月，存在贸易、王朝纽带、文化和宗教联系的英国和德国为何开战?从某种程度上来说，正如历史学家保罗肯尼迪(Paul Kennedy)所指出的，那是因为伦敦的自由主义意识形态强化了其关于德国威胁日益加剧的认识。

Filtered through liberalism’s lens, Germany looked militarist, autocratic, mercantilist and statist– and contempt for the country’s political culture added to London’s disquiet. When the warbegan, it quickly came to be seen as a liberal crusade against “Prussianism”.

透过自由主义“棱镜”，德国给人看到的是军国主义、独裁、重商主义和计划经济——而对该国政治文化的鄙视也增加了伦敦的不安。当战争爆发时，人们立刻将之视为一场讨伐“普鲁士主义”的自由主义战争。

In this respect, today’s Sino-American rivalry resembles the pre-1914 Anglo-Germanantagonism. The speed of China’s growth worries US policy makers, as do the geopoliticalimplications of its economic transformation.

从这个方面来说，当今的中美对抗类似于1914年以前的英德对抗。中国的发展速度让美国政策制定者感到担忧，其经济改革对地缘政治的影响同样让美国不安。

Across the American political spectrum, China’s success is attributed to its failure to play bythe rules of free trade – for instance, its habit of manipulating the value of its currency andengaging in industrial espionage. Market-oriented liberalism is the dominant ideology in theUS and, as in pre-1914 Britain, it shapes policy makers’ image of their supposed adversary.

在美国政界上下看来，中国的成功得益于其没有遵守自由贸易规则，例如惯于操纵汇率，以及从事工业间谍活动。以市场为导向的自由主义是美国的主要意识形态，而正如1914年前的英国一样，它决定了政策制定者对他们所以为的对手的印象。

American leaders view China as a nation whose undemocratic political system raises doubtsabout both the scope of its foreign policy ambitions and its trustworthiness as a diplomaticpartner. Moreover, China’s combination of political authoritarianism and state-directedcapitalism causes unease because it challenges the supposed universality of the Americanmodel of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism.

在美国领导人的眼里，中国不民主的政治体制令人怀疑其外交政策雄心的范围，以及其作为外交合作伙伴的可信赖性。此外，中国政治威权主义与国家资本主义的结合令人不安，原因是它挑战了美国模式的自由主义民主和自由市场资本主义的所谓普适性。

Aaron Friedberg, a Princeton University professor, says that for Americans, “the success of amainland [Chinese] regime that blends authoritarian rule with market-driven economics is anaffront.” For members of the US foreign-policy elite, the Chinese threat is not so muchgeopolitical as ideological.

普林斯顿大学(Princeton University)的阿龙弗里德伯格(Aaron Friedberg)教授表示，在美国人看来，“中国大陆政权将威权统治和市场导向的经济学结合在一起所取得的成功是一种侮辱”。对美国上层外交政策制定者来说，中国威胁更多是意识形态层面的，而不是地缘政治上的。

Powerful external and domestic forces are putting the US and China on the road toconfrontation. China aspires to be the regional hegemon in east (and southeast) Asia. The US– the incumbent hegemon, having dominated the region since 1945 – is blocking its path.

各种强有力的内外因素正把美中推上对抗之路。中国渴望成为东亚(以及东南亚)地区的霸主，而自1945年以来主导该地区的现任霸主美国则拦在路上。

Yet America’s predominance in east Asia contributes little to the security of a nation whosegeography and unsurpassed military capabilities would anyway make it close to invulnerable.The US is the most secure great power in history – even more so if you factor in thedeterrent effect of nuclear weapons. The true cause of American insecurity is not animminent encroachment on its territory but the risk that US alliances – especially with Japan –will draw it into a regional conflict.

然而，在东亚地区的主导地位并不会让美国更安全——不管怎样，美国所处的地理位置和拥有的无可匹敌的军事能力让其处于一种近乎无懈可击的状态。美国是历史上最安全的大国——如果你考虑到核武器的威慑作用，就会更肯定这一点。美国真正的不安全因素不是其疆域会遭到入侵，而是同盟关系——尤其是美日同盟——将其拖入地区冲突的风险。

The US wants to maintain its east Asian dominance to keep the region’s markets open toAmerican goods and its people open to liberal ideas. China threatens this openness, on whichAmerica’s security is wrongly believed to depend.

美国希望保持在东亚地区的主导地位，以让该地区的市场继续向美国商品开放，其民众继续接受自由主义思想的熏陶。中国威胁到了这种开放，而美国的安全被错误地以为依赖于这种开放。

The liberal assumptions embedded in American foreign policy put the US at odds with China,and also heighten Beijing’s mistrust of Washington’s intentions and ambitions. The spiral ofanimosity that threatens to culminate in a confrontation between the two countries is inlarge part a creation of American policy.

美国外交政策中蕴含的自由主义思想导致美国与中国立场不一致，也加深了北京方面对华盛顿意图和抱负的不信任感。这种不断增长的、有可能在两国对抗中达到顶峰的敌意，在很大程度上是美国政策导致的。

As China’s rises, Washington has a last clear chance to avoid the looming Sino-Americanconflict.

在中国的崛起过程中，美国有最后的避让机会，可以避免不断迫近眼前的中美冲突真正爆发。

This would entail making real concessions on Taiwan and on China’s territorial claims in the Eastand South China Seas. It would also involve a commitment that Washington would notinterfere in China’s internal affairs.

这需要美国在台湾xx以及中国涉及东中国海和南中国海的领土主张上做出真正的妥协。此外美国也需承诺不干预中国内部事务。

America’s political culture – based on exceptionalism, liberal ideology, and openness – is a bigobstacle to coming to terms with a resurgent China. So is the fact that the foreign-policy eliteremains wedded to American primacy, and refuses to accept that this will inevitably slip awaybecause of the relative decline of US power.

美国建立在例外主义、自由主义思想和开放观念等基础之上的政治文化，是影响美国接受复兴的中国的一大障碍。另一个障碍是，美国外交政策圈子中的精英们依然痴迷于“美国主导地位”，并拒绝接受这种地位随着美国实力相对衰落必将丧失的观点。

History is also a problem.

历史也是一个问题

US policy makers are quick to invoke what they take to be the lessons of the 1930s whileoverlooking the causes of the first world war. David Calleo, a professor at Johns Hopkins, hasobserved that what we should learn from the earlier conflict “is not so much the need forvigilance against aggressors, but the ruinous consequences of refusing reasonableaccommodation to upstarts”.

美国政策制定者迅速摆出他们从上世纪30年代事件中归纳的教训，却无视一战的起因。约翰斯-霍普金斯大学(Johns Hopkins University)的戴维卡莱奥(David Calleo)教授指出，我们应该从更早那场冲突中学到的主要教训，“不是必须警惕侵略者，而是拒绝合理包容新崛起者将带来破坏性后果”。

If the US wants to avoid a future conflict with China, it cannot allow liberal ideology toobstruct a reconciliation with an ever more powerful China. That is the real lesson of 1914.

如果美国想要避免未来与中国发生冲突，就不能让自由主义意识形态妨碍它与越来越强大的中国修好。这是1914年带给我们的真正教训。

This Thursday is Thanksgiving Day. The writer O’Henry called it the one day that is purely American. Thanksgiving is not a religious holiday. But it has ritual meaning. Some Americans attend religious services on the day before Thanksgiving or on Thanksgiving morning. Others travel long distances to be with their families. They have a large dinner which is the main part of the celebration. For many Americans, Thanksgiving is the only time when all members of the family gather. The holiday is a time of family reunion. Thanksgiving week is generally one of the busiest travel times of the year. However, experts say this year probably will be different. On September 11th, thousands of people died when terrorists hijacked airplanes that struck buildings in Washington D.C. and New York City. Many people now say they are worried about flying on a plane. Travel experts say almost 6 percent fewer people will make long trips this Thanksgiving compared with last year. Many Americans who usually visit family and friends by plane are driving shorter distances instead this week. Some mental health experts say the attacks have frightened people. They say people feel safer and happier close to home. More than any other holiday, Thanksgiving is a celebration of family and home. Many people say that this year they are especially thankful for their families and friends and the good things in their lives. On Thanksgiving, people enjoy a long day of cooking, eating and talking. The traditional meal almost always includes the turkey with a bread mixture cooked inside. Other traditional Thanksgiving food served with turkey are sweet potatoes, cranberries and pumpkin pie. Stores are said to sell more food at Thanksgiving than at any other time of the year, and many people eat more food at Thanksgiving than at any other time of the year. Over the years, Americans have added new traditions to their Thanksgiving celebration. For example, a number off professional and university football games are played on Thanksgiving Day. Some of the games are broadcast on national television.

Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden

City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and

Confucius-commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost

efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without their physical form of

existence, they are in greater risk of extinction.

According to UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible

Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore,

performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and

various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as

intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of

ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in

intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the

historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity.

Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we

would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.

However, the modernization process poses mounting threats to intangible

heritages. Many people have a blind faith in the latest electronic devices. It

is also pathetic to see elderly people in possession of such legacies pass away

without transmitting them to the younger generation. Faced with those

challenges, we should both preserve and renovate our ancestral heritages so that

we can help contribute to the cultural diversity of the world and return to our

spiritual homeland in this age of impersonal science and technology.

据钱江晚报的消息说，2月17日7点,张艺谋执导的电影《长城》，终于在北美上映了。首日票房五百九十万美元(折合人民币约四千零四十九万)，是中国内地首日票房一点二四亿人民币的三分之一，紧随《乐高蝙蝠侠》、《五十度黑》，位列第三。而根据预测，在全美三千三百多家影院大规模上映的《长城》，首周末四天有望拿下近两千万美元。不少媒体认为，在视觉和机构上，这《长城》借鉴了《权力的游戏》和《星河战队》等好莱坞的一些核心元素，找来好莱坞水准的特效团队，加上马特·达蒙等有号召力的影星加盟，走的是“标准大片范儿”的路线。然而，故事本身却收到各种花式吐槽。

即便如此，在鉴于电影在国内的票房不如预期，所以此次在北美的票房无疑是重中之重。但影评惨不忍睹，社交媒体上的吐槽随处可见，未来票房收入前景黯淡。有这么一篇题为《为什么中国和好莱坞无法交融》中有几句话还是有几分道理的，如果说好莱坞希望与中国电影人合作的话，那就应该放弃不伦不类的合拍片。更好的做法，是在中国建立一家国际制片公司来培养年轻的中国电影人和编剧，并帮助他们创作出可以吸引中国观众的影片。这才是中国以及好莱坞制作卖座影片的有效的诀窍。

但是，在许多国内媒体看来，该片北美票房似乎是一个差强人意的成绩。该片启用了好莱坞巨星马克·达蒙，张艺谋在过去有十七部电影在北美上映，也是为美国观众所熟知的华人导演。特效方面启用世界顶尖的特效公司工业光魔、维塔工作室。总之，在国内媒体看来，这应该是一部拿去和《魔兽》这样的顶级好莱坞魔幻片大制作比较的影片。实际上对于北美观众来说，这首先是一部中美合拍片，即使有了呆萌的加盟，它更合理的比较对象，依然应该是《英雄》，而不是《魔兽》。将《长城》票房与好莱坞顶级魔幻大制作比较，对它也并不公平。

单单从文化上有不适应性，剧中守城士兵的服装过于夸张，产生一种可笑而不严肃的观感。诸如像“片子无聊”、“痛苦地令人感到毫无启发”、“漂亮面孔的堆砌”，也无非是全片存在文化不兼容性，除了一些华丽的视效外，电影本身情节太过可预测，对白苍白，无法给观众带来有精神冲击的观影感受。而有评论者认为，若是能仔细想想，就好比是抗日神剧，类似“我爷爷在我很小的时候就死了”层出不穷，可还是挡不住大家看，不免在观影时是一边骂一边看的。但是在神剧里我们还可以去以血还血、以牙还牙来对待。

尽管片中也有不少张艺谋惯用的元素，《英雄》，《十面埋伏》，《黄金甲》三部古装片积累的经验都可在本片见到，比如像飞刀“仙人指路”一样的射箭表演，皇宫里斑斓的色彩，团体操式的行军打仗设计。但这些都是皮毛，它的内核看不到张艺谋的追求，若这样来看的话，张艺谋早期选故事很有投机眼光，他那时拍出的文艺片都很有话题性，可以同时满足东西方观众的猎奇心理。到了上个世纪九十年代中后期，张艺谋的方寸就有点乱了。那感觉就像他被资本牵着鼻子走，被商业大潮卷来卷去身不由己。是因为他对于导演文艺片这件事厌倦了或是江郎才尽了?也可能是因为他选择文艺片故事的投机眼光出问题了。

换句话说，诸如像那些个消极的批评其实是不甚公平的，容易忽视《长城》的文化和历史价值。原本观众们在电影里看到的往往是阿米利肯联邦的超级英雄们忙着拯救人类，主战场往往在阿米利肯的城市里。难免有人批评说，这个电影不应该叫《长城》，或许应该叫《我在宋朝打怪兽》之类的名称更合适。然而，这种批评意见没有意识到，如此的“长城”这个名称与其说是在命名故事情节，不如说是在表现文化要素，在进行文化释放。不错，长城就是天朝文化的典型代名词之一，伫立在那里。

然这问题是对于电影欢迎一切科学的、实事求是的、公正的批评，但批评不是“阴谋”的狂欢，不是“预谋”的胜利。若是说这恶意影评是一把双刃剑，博眼球能赢得一时的利益，但实际上却是饮鸩止渴，大浪淘沙终将被淘汰。不知道这批评应该是基于事实，不是站队，或者说对于影评中的摆事实讲道理，是电影批评起码的起点。即便是电影用了中国文化的象征做故事背景，那么对于导演和演员都太有名了。这两点的存在，难道电影上不上映都注定了要被骂么。电影《长城》当前水深火热的处境，不仅仅来源于电影本身质量与观众对张艺谋电影心理期待的巨大价值差，更来源于现今乌烟瘴气的网络舆论生态。

另则评论者认为，说张艺谋算是做的很优秀了。虽然也赞同从转战商业电影开始的作品，文化厚度与思维深度都有一定程度的下滑，但不容置喙的是无论英雄也好长城也罢，影片的可观赏性并未减弱。但毕竟在网络信息社会及知识化水平的提高在不断提升着大众的审美，此间也有很多人吐槽片中的“擂鼓”和“边塞歌”等场景，我很想说，文化程度高但是知识水平低的人真是好多好多。影片中庄严有节奏的出战擂鼓仪式，被无知评论说成“双节棍”，虽然我没有查证找出宋代当时军队出战时的擂鼓方式具体如何，但我肯定也是庄重肃穆整齐划一的，至少不会像一些影视剧中衙门击鼓告状那么简单，而摄影出身且对细节要求苛刻的张艺谋，必定也是查阅了大量文献资料才会将它展示在影片中的。

即便如此，之前看多几部好莱坞电影的都清楚，从成龙时代到近几年的《敢死队》、《变形金刚》、《惊天魔盗团》，中西结合已成为一部影片国际化的一大常见卖点了，并不稀奇。若说这张艺谋如此设定可能是在商业化《英雄》的基础上将中国文化中国元素中国电影迈向更高的国际化舞台，而更深入的探索中西方元素在文化与艺术两个层面更恰当友好的融合对于所谓的“边塞歌”等场景同理，实话说这些场景还都挺美。这也就是中国当前网络舆论生态中的一大乱象了，所有该关注该研究的事物，很少有人会去花心思挖掘探索，反倒是对那些无意义的不该操心的事情，个个兴致盎然。巧的是这次的《长城》正好又是一部“无意义的不该操心的事情”比较多的电影，这《长城》被置于如此风口浪尖也就不足为奇了。诸如此类。

There is also a huge difference between Chinese and Western people. Chinese people use chopsticks and western people use fork and knife. Usually people who use fork and knife will use fork to hold the meat and cut it by knife and use fork to help to get that piece of meat into mouse. Chinese just use chopstick to pick things and pass it into your mouse.

Chinese people only have three meals during a day. But western people will have more, they have afternoon tea. Usually they would have fruits, homemade cake, tea (black tea) or biscuit with cheese. If you are a housewife and have a lot of time, you may have morning tea as well.

Old People in America

In the old days,American families were bigger. People had more children,and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families. But now, families are smaller, and many old people

live alone. At the same time, Americans are living longer and longer. The number of old people is always growing.

Some old people like to stay in their old homes. They do not want to move from their old homes. They do not want to move from their hometown. They are near their .friends and family. But some do not have a lot of friends. They want to meet new people. They want to live in a quiet place with other people of their age.

A large number of old people are moving to the South. It is warm there. You do not have to walk through the snow in winter,or pay a lot of money for heating.

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people. One of these is Sun City, near Phoenix, Arizona. All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ,and children under 18 years old cant live there.

美国的老人

以前美国都是大家庭，Old People in America(美国的老人)，四六级写作《Old People in America(美国的老人)》。人们孩子很多，祖父母和曾祖父母都和家人在一起生活。但现在，家庭越来越小，许多老人独自生活。与此同时，美国人越活越长。老年人的数目总在不断增长。

有些老人喜欢呆在他们原来的房子里。他们不愿意从旧房子里搬出来。他们不想离开家乡。他们想住在朋友和家人附近。但是有些老人朋友不多，他们想结交新人，他们想和其他同龄的老人共同居住在一个僻静的地方。

很多老人正在迁往南部，那里天气暖和。冬天的时候不需要在雪中走路，也不需要交大笔取暖费。

很多老人正在迁往只允许老人居住的南部城市。其中之一就是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的太阳城。太阳城居住的所有家庭都必须有一个成员在50岁以上，18岁以下的孩子能住在那里。

[美国的老人英语作文150词