山东高考英语作文题目：给美国朋友Tom的回信【汇集20篇】

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。(60分)

材料一：

从蛟龙潜海到航母下水，从嫦娥飞天到玉兔登月，从移动支付到5G落地，中国日新月异的变化中一直都有青年人不懈努力的身影。蛟龙团队平均年龄只有32岁，嫦娥团队平均年龄也只有33岁。祖国发展的巨轮滚滚向前，每一位青年都在其中，有所贡献。

材料二：

互联网时代，一群走“柔弱美”路线的流量明星和网络红人在不知不觉间进入我们的视野。他们普遍正值青年时期，看起来性别模糊、妆容精致，长身玉立却如弱柳扶风;他们动辄把“讨厌”(尾音拖长且上扬)“吓死宝宝了”“小拳拳捶你胸口”挂在嘴边;他们既在电影电视中这样演，也在综艺节目和日常生活中“入戏”……

作为风华正茂的青年学生，身处价值多元、网络发达的社会，你认为“当代中国青年”应该是什么样的?请结合材料，联系现实，写一篇文章谈谈你的认识。

要求：选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭;不得泄露个人信息;不少于800字。

【参考范文】

青春若贾平凹笔下的一泓月晖，清澈着，正如风华正茂的我们。我们手执时光画笔，在青春画布上涂抹。而在如今这个价值多元、网络发达的时代，我们的青春应色彩饱和，应是踏出音的奋斗舞台。

五千年风云激荡，夹缝求索。三千里雷霆失色，龙腾星河。一路上，我们披荆斩棘，栉风沐雨，迎来了崭新的时代。祖国发展的巨轮滚滚向前，我们每一位青年，都蕴含其中，有所贡献。

《菜根谭》有言：人之有生也，如太仓之粒米，如灼目之电光，如悬崖之朽木，如逝海之一波。人生苦短，而我们中国青年更应该脚踏实地，用短暂的光阴去成就无限的事业。

“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福趋避之”，吾辈青年应当热爱祖国，为中国之崛起而贡献出自己的力量。嫦娥团队平均年龄只有33岁，火星天团更是不足30岁。他们废寝忘食，投身于科研。新冠疫情期间，大量“90后”医生护士主动请缨，驰援武汉，甚至献出了自己宝贵的生命。“月淡风清云欲压，精神千古对羲轩”(魏了翁语)，薪火不息，精神永存，他们便是中国的脊梁。

“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”，吾辈青年应当肩扛责任，为他人负责。秦玥飞大学毕业却毅然辞掉了高薪工作，回到家乡，助力故乡脱贫。刘明侦，电子科技大学最年轻的院长，不断用实力刷新着记录。不管在什么地方，当我们使用了国家给我们的资源后，我们就应当负起责任。在荆棘道路上，唯有信念和责任能助力我们前进。奋斗不止，他们更是中国青年的精神。

“愿中国青年可以摆脱冷气，只是向上走，不必听自暴自弃之流的话，有一份光，便发一份热。”而如今时代，走“柔弱美”路线的流量明星，网络红人走进我们视野，更是收获了一大批粉丝。纵然审美标准因人而异，可吾辈青年决不能让此成为主流。中国青年应当拆下肋骨当火把，照亮中华民族崛起之路。

热爱祖国，对他人负责，用有限的光阴去创造无限的事业，便是中国青年该有的模样。山一程，水一程，身向强国那畔行，夜深千帐灯。风一更，雪一更，莫让“柔弱”迷吾心，为崛起发声。英雄出吾辈，吾辈青年更应逐浪踏青波。

My friend called from her shirt Peng 69Park Road London, shes not tall,Cherry mouth, her 16-year-old this year, and her favorite language is English and Chinese often take part in some competitions and English writing competition, she likes watching television, especially Chinese and English television and film, because shes not tall like playing basketball so I hope that his sub-long high.

This is my friend Peng shirt.

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。(60分)

去年10月7日，经过连续搜救，17名擅自进入广西来宾市自然保护区露营被困失联的驴友，成功获救。来宾市为此次营救，耗费了巨大的公共资源，更严重的是营救中救援人员也面临巨大的危险。

这一事件引起了社会的强烈反响：当地政府呼吁驴友要严格遵守相关法律法规，不要擅自行动。有网友认为，驴友是公民，作为纳税人，有权享受公共服务，不应为救援买单;又有网友说“人生需要‘说走就走’的旅行”，并为他们的行为点赞。

对此你有何看法?请选好角度，自定立意，自拟标题作文;不要套作，不得抄袭。

规则之“笼”守住生命

17条生命因破坏规则而岌岌可危，而救援人员的性命安全也被牵扯其中——看到搜救17名失联“驴友”的新闻，我不禁感叹当代许多年轻人对规则的淡漠。为追求生活乐趣而破坏规则的人也许会高举自由主义的旗帜我行我素，但殊不知，遵守规则是对生命尊重的底线，也是个体自由的前提。

人的热情固然可贵，但滥用这种热情而缺乏理性思考便是不妥的。17名驴友受到一时热情冲动的驱使擅自进入自然保护区，而忽略了与保护区管理部门报备并随时联系这一至关重要的过程。与其说这是一种说走就走的胆魄，不如说这是一种缺乏责任心的极端自私。17条生命，也许是为人父母，也许是家中希望，在社会中各有各的定位和责任。他们在违反规则的同时，也将自身的姓名与周围人的生活悬在达摩克里斯之剑下，稍出差池，便会支离破碎。人的确是为自己而存在，需要有“做自己”的勇气;但人也是社会性的，而调节社会生活中种种矛盾的便是规则。若肆意破坏之，是对自身生命的漠视，也是对社会的不负责任。

公民社会之中，每个人都有各自的义务与权利。救援固然是救援人员应尽的义务，但遵守法律不也是公民死守的底线吗?若17名驴友不为救援买单，不受到应有的惩罚，那么把规则当做橡皮泥的社会风气将永远得不到纠正。柴静有言，对生命的尊重是这个社会的原则。而一条条规则正是保护我们自身最有力的网，正是这一原则最直观的体现。

充斥着我们生活的规则真的那么面目可憎吗?其实不然。“人生而自由，却无往不在枷锁之中。”卢梭的话给我们敲响了一个警钟，如果我们都接受对我们的自由一定的限制以及对我们选择权的一定减少，我们就都能获得更大的自由以及更多的选择权。保证了我们自由的，正是一条条枷锁。任何自由意志，都建立在适当限制及有能力负起责任的基础上。八达岭动物园老虎伤人事件不正是最好的佐证吗?若生命都没有了，谈何负责，谈何自由呢?

中国自古以来是德治、家族政治，而非法治，守法观念非一朝一夕可以建成。苏格拉底在临死前说的那句“法律可以以不义的方式判我有罪，但我不能因此违反法律”，正是我们社会所缺乏的精神养料。规则并不是限制，而是将人文精神转化为文字的再现;条条框框，正是框住了我们的生活与生命。

[规则之“笼”守住生命高考作文题目预测

Old People in America

In the old days,American families were bigger. People had more children,and grandparents and great-grandparents lived with their families. But now, families are smaller, and many old people

live alone. At the same time, Americans are living longer and longer. The number of old people is always growing.

Some old people like to stay in their old homes. They do not want to move from their old homes. They do not want to move from their hometown. They are near their .friends and family. But some do not have a lot of friends. They want to meet new people. They want to live in a quiet place with other people of their age.

A large number of old people are moving to the South. It is warm there. You do not have to walk through the snow in winter,or pay a lot of money for heating.

A large number of old people are moving to the South only for old people. One of these is Sun City, near Phoenix, Arizona. All the families in Sun City must have one person over the age of 50 ,and children under 18 years old cant live there.

美国的老人

以前美国都是大家庭，Old People in America(美国的老人)，四六级写作《Old People in America(美国的老人)》。人们孩子很多，祖父母和曾祖父母都和家人在一起生活。但现在，家庭越来越小，许多老人独自生活。与此同时，美国人越活越长。老年人的数目总在不断增长。

有些老人喜欢呆在他们原来的房子里。他们不愿意从旧房子里搬出来。他们不想离开家乡。他们想住在朋友和家人附近。但是有些老人朋友不多，他们想结交新人，他们想和其他同龄的老人共同居住在一个僻静的地方。

很多老人正在迁往南部，那里天气暖和。冬天的时候不需要在雪中走路，也不需要交大笔取暖费。

很多老人正在迁往只允许老人居住的南部城市。其中之一就是亚利桑那州菲尼克斯附近的太阳城。太阳城居住的所有家庭都必须有一个成员在50岁以上，18岁以下的孩子能住在那里。

[美国的老人英语作文150词

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

“谁是英雄?今天，我们一起寻找”，众多媒体共同发起的“崇尚英雄精忠报国”大型网络互动活动点燃了亿万网民的英雄情结，“怎样的人称得上英雄”成为人们热议的话题。

为此，班上拟召开“怎样的人称得上英雄”的主题班会，请你写一篇文章参与讨论。

要求：根据材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意;明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭;不少于800字。

【详解】

试题分析：本题考查根据要求写作的能力，以材料作文的方式呈现。

材料的主要内容是“怎样的人称得上英雄”，由题干要求“请你写一篇文章参与讨论”，即要求考生写一篇文章参与主题班会的讨论看，本次作文实际上要求写作文体是议论文。那么，到底“怎样的人称得上英雄”?通过思考可以明确，建立丰功伟业者是英雄，在平凡的岗位上默默奉献者也是英雄。只要围绕着“怎样的人称得上英雄”的话题进行写作即可。在语体要求上，注意参与讨论的对象是同学，语言表达要得体，不少于800字。

【点睛】

构建任务驱动型作文的基本结构：

第一步，巧引材料，表明态度。首先就是根据自己的写作角度，恰当地引述材料，表明自己的态度。同样一则材料，不同的写作角度会有不同的引述方式。

第二步，分析原因，摆出事实，阐明道理。引述材料之后，紧接着就需要结合材料分析论证。论证需要有一个清晰的层次，一般说来，可以先分析原因，再引用事实证明，然后结合事实阐明道理，这是文章的主体部分。

第三步，回应开头，总结全文。材料贯穿全文是任务驱动型作文的一个显著特点，文章的结尾不是简单地总结全文，而是回应开头，既再次表明自己的态度，又深化文章的主旨。

In order to provide a good guidance and reference for nearly 1000 senior high graduates in our school, the Student Union made a survey on the filling applications for the college entrance examinations among the previous year graduates. According to the statistics of the survey, half of the graduates accepted their teachers’ suggestions for the reason that teachers have a better understanding of their interests, specialties and schooling experiences. 35% of the graduates followed their parents advice as they are used to obeying their arrangements and trusted their decision. 10% of the graduates preferred to make an independent choice as they hold that nobody know them better than themselves and since it is their rights to fill applications they hope to win respect from teachers and parents. The remaining 5% just made their choices accordingly after they got the results of the final published scores and ranking.

The Yan family in the distance:

Hello, its New Year again. How are you doing?

Our school has carried out club activities. I signed up for a small host

club. Learned a lot of knowledge, know how to maintain the state of the stage.

Today is December 25th, our school held a club performance. I was joined by Liu

Zhengyan, Lin Qinbaiken and Zhang Ruyu. Lin Qinbaiken held the team flag, which

I made with a piece of yellow cloth. Liu Zhengyan, Lin Qinqiang you must

remember, is the first grade with you behind the small minions. Xi Xi, Zhang

Ruyu you must also recognize! Last time we quarreled, it was Chang Ruyu, the

peacemaker, who pulled us apart

What impressed me most about the club activity was the bookmark and flower

made by ZS Creative Workshop. The bookmark was rolled up with paper, pasted with

white glue, and then formed a circle to become a flower

The flower is made with filar socks, but lifelike! When we go in, see these

flowers, the first reaction is: good beautiful real flowers! It was only when

chang, out of breath, stopped to tell us it was a lie that we realized. Ha ha!

Thats funny!

When can you come back and see us again, Yan family? We all miss you and

look forward to your return.

I wish you the best

Happy New Year!

Your forever friend: Yu Jiayu

My friend

One of my friend is a beautiful and clever girl whoes name is Li Hua.

with rosy cheeks,she has a pair of bright eyes,which shine below her

arch eyebrows. within her small mouth there are two lines of white teeth.

Her hair is straight and long. hanging down to her shoulders. she is healthy and attractive.

she is loved by her classmates.

我的朋友

我的一个朋友是一个漂亮,聪明的女孩不懂的名字是李华。

红润的脸颊,她有一双明亮的眼睛,这光芒下她拱形的眉毛。在她小嘴里有两行白牙齿。

她的头发是直的,并且长。她的肩膀垂下来。她是健康的和有吸引力的。

她被她的同学喜爱。

ladies and gentlemen,

welcome to our school. we are glad to have such a group of experienced teachers visiting us. we are sure the exchange of views among us will promote① the friendly relationship between china and america. i hope you will enjoy your stay in china, make new friends and take away memories of pleasant, productive ② days.

after your visit,we sincerely hope you will give us your valuable suggestions.

Dear Jack,

Im glad to have received your e-mail but I am sorry you are having some

trouble in making friends.

In my opinion, friendship is one of the most important things in everyones

life because without friends we will suffer loneliness. If you would like to

take my advice, youll win real friendship. First, why not communicate with your

friend when possible and tell him/her what you think about friends and

friendship and let him/her know that you want to make friends with him/her.

Secondly, you should learn to share your happiness and sorrow with your friends.

Thirdly, it would be a good idea if you like to invite him/her to join in some

activities such as swimming and ball games, which can make you learn to

appreciate your friends and cherish your friendship.

I hope you will find these opinions and ideas useful. Best wishes!

Dear John,

亲爱的约翰：

Long time no see, how is your summer vacation? I’m really sorry for writing so late. I have been too busy at this moment. I am happy to hear that you have traveled to Tibet at this summer holiday. How I wish I could go there with you!

好久不见，你的`暑假过得还好吗?很抱歉那么晚才写信给你。这段时间我真的太忙了。我很高兴听说暑假你去了西藏旅游。我真希望我也和你一起去。

Let me tell you something about my summer holiday. My summer holiday is rich and colorful. My parents take me to Hong Kong. That’s a beautiful place. I buy a lot of funny things at there. Such as pretty dresses, cute dolls and the snacks I never eat before. I really want to stay there and never come back! In a word, I really appreciate the life there.

让我告诉你我的暑假趣事吧。我的暑假过得丰富多彩。我父母带我去了香港。那是个美丽的地方。我在香港买了很多新奇的玩意。比如漂亮的裙子，可爱的娃娃和一些从来没有吃过的零食。我真想待在那里再也不回来了。一句话，我喜欢那里的生活。

I’m really looking forward to your reply!

我很期待你的回复!

Truly yours,

Zoey

你忠实的朋友

柔伊

ghosts and goblins are more than halloween decorations or costumes for many americans who confessed they believe in the supernatural and returning from the grave。

thirty—seven percent of 2，100 adults questioned in a zogby interactive poll said they think ghosts are real， and 23 percent believe they have been visited by a deceased relative or friend。

even the 22 percent who said they have not had any ghostly experiences themselves know someone who has。

"more than a third of americans have this belief that ghosts do exist，" said a spokesman for zogby， adding that the findings were surprising。

nearly half of those questioned said if they could be a ghost， they would choose to come back as themselves。

but belief in the supernatural is not required to enjoy halloween。 eighty—seven percent of parents said their children would be dressing up for the holiday and 71 percent would be trick—or—treating。

but 41 percent of adults said they were not celebrating halloween， including 12 percent who cited religious reasons。

serial killers were deemed to be the scariest costumes， followed by the walking dead and zombies。

When meeting someone for the first time it is customary to shake hands both for men and for women. Hugs are only exchanged between close friends. Kissing is not common and men never kiss other men.

Americans will usually introduce themselves by their first name and last name (such as “Hello I’m John Smith”) or if the setting is very casual by their first name only (“Hi I’m John”). The common response when someone is introduced to you is “Pleased to meet you.” Unless someone is introduced to you with their title and last name (such as Mister Smith or Miss Johnson) you should address them by their first name. Americans normally address everyone they meet in a social or business setting by their first name. However you should always address your college professors by their title and last name (such as Professor Jones) unless they ask you to do otherwise.

第一次见面的时候，男人和女人都习惯握手。拥抱只是亲密朋友之间的交换。接吻并不常见，男人从不亲吻其他男人。

美国人通常会介绍他们自己的名字和姓氏(如“你好，我是约翰·史密斯”)，或者，如果设置很随便，由他们的名字只(“嗨，我是约翰”)。当某人被介绍给你时，通常的反应是“很高兴见到你”，除非有人向你介绍他们的姓和姓(如史米斯先生或约翰逊小姐)，你应该称呼他们的名字.。美国人通常用他们的名字称呼他们在社交或商务场合遇到的每个人.。然而，你应该总是称呼你的大学教授的头衔和姓(如琼斯教授)，除非他们要求你做其他的事情.。

[美国习俗的英语作文

从每年的考试情况来看，很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来，但得分却较低。实际上，高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型，只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文拽起来。

一、几点重要原则

1.智者利用押题，傻子依赖押题!

2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!

3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。

4.文似看山不喜平，起承转合一定要有!

5.见微知著，一叶知秋，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。

6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句英汉对号式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。

二、善用万能句以不变应万变

历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。

从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。

备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。

最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。

考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。

写作时，尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有较多的语法结构和词汇，因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句，还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词，使写出来的文章含金量更高，更具可读性。

三、高分作文六大特性

1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。

2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。

3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。

4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。

5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。

6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。

四、怎样才能有拽的感觉

1.高考写作的实质变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用

英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈，那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容，是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定，内容方面，不需要学生进行发挥，大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句)，而要去穿一些不一样的衣服，让它显得不那么单调，让阅卷老师能看到不同，而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。

2.写作的评分标准怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口

我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右，写作满分25分，15分也就是个及格分，那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但是全都是简单句子的堆砌，没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服，而是李宁、耐克，或者是阿迪，所以让人觉得很拽，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很拽的感觉。

3.写作提分的三要素句型。连词。高级词汇

句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段，再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。

但是大家又有这样的困惑，学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊，动辄成五十上百句的，大家背得挺多，但是面对考试的时候，发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用，而是它们太干了，就好比一根干骨头，大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。

在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。

找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。

1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。

2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想：

(1)可以用什么样的复杂句；

(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。

例如：

这本书是如此的有趣，以至于我读了一遍又一遍。

1.This book was so interest，ing that l read it again and again，

2.This was such an interest，ing book that l read it again andagain，

3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and again

4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and again

这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句，因为它用了倒装。

4.如何备考

其实这种思维大家都有。但是没有成为一种思路，让它能在考试中起到作用，那是因为大家练得少。英语写作处在一种很尴尬的境地，一方面大家要分数。但另外一方面大家一个学期里写的作文也就是期中期末的两篇。毫不夸张地说，有的学生上了三年的高中可能只写了六篇作文，所以练习是很重要的，要是现在不练而把高考当练习。那么作文只拿14、15分也合情合理了，到那时你不要骂评卷老师不公平，而应该问问自己备考的时候为什么不多练几篇。时间都是挤出来的，希望大家可以挤出时间来练写作。

【论文摘要】在高考英语试题中，写作是有效提高学生整体成绩的重要手段，写作是目的也是为了测试学生直接运用英语表达的能力而设置的，因此通常都会放在试卷的最后面作为压轴题出现。在高考英语写作要求中，明确提出要让考生运用所学知识进行书写，能组词成句、组句成文，语句符合英语语法和习惯。在写出的书面材料中，要求达到：切中题意，文理通顺，语言准确，得当。那么，怎样才能在高考英语写作中出类拔萃呢？这正是本文要探讨的内容。

一、有的放矢，了解高考英语写作要点

要对高考英语写作的题型及内容有所了解，才能把握好高考英语写作的考点，在此基础上才能找到行之有效的对策及方法。纵观近几年各省高考英语试题中，写作测试的命题思路，有一种从指导性写作逐步向半开放式写作过渡的趋势。半开放式写作，具体地说，就是给考生们提供一定的材料(包括图、文或图文结合)然后要求学生根据材料来进行书面表达，这样的考题形式，既限制了考生随心所欲的思维，又给予考生适当的发挥空间。这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及思维能力。而在文体方面，记叙文、议论文、应用文及书信为最常见的写作题材。因此，我们可以做一个形象的比喻，写文章就像工厂里制造一台机器那样，首先要确定机器由几部分组成，然后对这几部分分别细化，形成初步的设计图；再根据要求对初步的设计图进行完善、补充、修改，随之形成最终的设计图；然后我们再按照图纸的设计，使用我们所掌握的零件去制造出机器；同样的道理，学生写作时可参照以下模式：

1．理解话题：学生在动笔前必须对指定的话题进行反复细读，认真思考，理解其真正的含义，了解出题者的意图，这是进行写作的第一步；

2．明确文体，确定人称时态：这一阶段的判断中，主要强调近十年高考最常见的两种文体：(1)说明文：必须按照事物的原貌加以说明、介绍、解释，常采用一般现在时，被动语态也常使用；(2)记叙文：通常采用第一人称，描述本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；或用第三人称讲述他人的事情，如果是过去的事情，要用过去时。

3．初拟提纲，再理解话题：明确文体的基础上，草拟写作提纲；提纲是文章的骨架，可以是一句活，也可以是一个词组，由于考试时间所限，提纲内容不必面面俱到，但必须体现文章的整体结构和思路；目前绝大部分高中学生在英语写作时，还习惯于使用母语进行构思，然后将构思好的中文内容翻译成英文，这种情况是正常的；关键在于翻译过程中的语言表达必须符合英语语言的表达习惯

4．开始写作：提纲完成后，应根据提纲充实内容，如果说提纲是骨架的话，那么这时你必须将骨架填充血肉；具体的说就是要扩展要点，连词成句，适当地变换句型，组句谋篇成文；注意应简明扼要，层次分明、用词准确、语法概念清楚，使文章更具说服力，然后在写作完成后，还要对文章进行快速的检查，减少单词的拼写错误和句子表达的错误。

二、高考英语写作指导的具体策略

根据以上对历年高考英语写作试题的分析，我们可以从以下三个方面去指导学生进行写作：

1．细读材料，认真审题

仔细阅读书面表达题所给材料的全部内容，准确理解题目要求。需要认真审查的内容有：(1)文章的开头和结尾是否已给出；(2)用第几人称写作，书面表达要求中会明确指出使用第一人称还是第三人称；(3)提供的情景是图画、图表，还是提纲，如果是连环画，要注意故事情节的连贯性，确定合理的情节发展；(4)是否提供参考词汇，如果提供有参考词汇，写作中最好要用到；(5)采用什么文体，如果是议论文，要有论点、论据和结论三部分。如果是应用文，要注意其格式。如果是记叙文，要抓住六个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、事情起因、事情的发展与结果。

2．恰当选择词语和句式

认真审题后，就可以列提纲了，将重点单词、短语、句型写在提纲里，关于选词切忌使用生僻词语，要求做到用词准确、得体、达意。选择句式时，尽量使用多种句式，如强调句、倒装句、各种名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句和固定句型等，长句和短句视情况交错使用，这样可以提高文章的档次，使文章生辉。

选词大多是在一组同义词或近义词之间进行。例如，我们要表达“好”这个意思，一般来说，大家会马上想起“good”，因为口语中我们经常说agoodfriend、goodluck、agoodpicture等。但是，在不同的短语中，可以选择不同的英语单词使表达更加准确、生动、形象。

3．多背常识性语句，扩大知识面

语言是有规律的，不同体裁的书面表达都有其常识性语句。如果同学们平时有大量的语句积累，在写作时就能把积累的东西调动起来。这些常识性语句既可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，同时还能提供地道的表达方式。写人物介绍时，应着重写人物的姓名、性别、年龄、职业、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、工作态度、与人相处和社会评价等语句。例如：lipingisagoodteacher，whoisthirtyyearsold．heis175centimetrestallandheishealthy．等。

【参考文献】

[1]韩金龙，秦秀白.体裁分析与体裁教学法.[j].外语界2000(1)

[2]韩金龙.英语写作教学:过程体裁教学法.[j].外语界.2001(4)

[3]何星.“过程写作法”较之“结果写作法”在高中英语写作教学中的

有效性研究.[d]华东师大专业硕士学位论文.2007

In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China.

People not only cast on-line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for

competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “ Cutest Baby”.

Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the “ Best Police

Officer 冶 competition, organized by the local government to let the public have

a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the

website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds.

He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.

Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “ Future

Singer冶 competition. He has already received three similar invitations this

week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family

will win an oversea s tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he

finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote This is a

question that troubles him very much.

追忆似水年华，我用一段旋律，纪念高三的青春。

----题记

时间犹如白驹过隙，飞快的流逝。乘着时间的列车，经过了高一的懵懵懂懂和高二的略有所悟，我走进了高三。

刚上高三时，坐在教室里，望着讲台上老师忙碌的身影、同学们转动的笔、爸爸妈妈敏感而温柔的目光，我偶尔也会想小时候蓝天白云下的嬉戏、小学时红领巾下的稚嫩和中学时校园里悄悄长大的友谊，偶尔也会想我上高三了。

可是高三是什么?是学哥学姐眼中的人间地狱，是老师眼中“只要肯攀登”的山峰，还是成功人士眼里的基石?我无法用语言诠释高三，更无法用文字给高三下定义，我只能说高三像一段旋律，像一段激昂、充满挑战、豁达的青春旋律。

高三是一段激昂旋律。成功就在彼岸，高三的我们应该信心满满，扬起理想的风帆，在知识的海洋里畅游。面对高三的一次次的考试，即使失败也不能倒下，即使遍体鳞伤也要斗志不减。为了心中的梦想迸发激情，每一天都为梦想而活，奏响一曲气势昂扬的《义勇军进行曲》，青春本该充满激昂。

高三像一段充满挑战的旋律。前方的路途一片荆棘。现在我们在两点一线中生活，每天披星戴月，可是每当睡觉时总会想起还有许多事没做完，总有做不完的难题，背不完的公式，理解不完的知识点。所以，高三充满挑战，既要克服学业上的难题使六门功课齐头并进，又要克服面对高三的心理恐惧、面对失败的痛苦。可是，这就是高三，疼痛使我们感到真实，充满挑战的青春才值得回味。

高三也是一段豁达的旋律。“眼因多流泪而愈益清明，心因饱经忧患而愈益温厚。”高三的我们应该从容面的对挫折。失败了不哭泣，因为这次的跌倒是为了下次的站起;高三如品苦丁茶，前面的苦是为了口留余香的甘醇。

想起姐姐临走时摸着我的头告诉我“明年，明年的这个时候，经历了高三，你就长大了，成熟了，可以一个人闯天下了。”也许高三是一个人成长路上的关卡，是一个人成熟的基石，是一个一生最宝贵的经历。

我开始渐渐读懂高三，拒绝无痛感的高三，哭过笑过就是一种收获。

当激昂、挑战、豁达融在一起就组成了一段旋律，一段只属于青春的旋律。也许没有观众，也许没有掌声，但只是为了证明自己，为了无悔于这段青春的旋律。

Today is Saturday. I stay at home with my parents.

My mother said that today we should do some cleanings. I agreed and I would

like to help.

I cleaned the windows. It was really a tough job.

Now matter how hard I tried, they seemed dirty all the same. Therefore, I

asked for help.

My mother teached me a method to clean the windows.

It realy worked. And then I cleaned the floor. It was much easier than

cleaning the windows. I did it in a short time. My parents praised me.

朋友间的信任

The Trust Between Friends

Friends are important for us, everyone has their own friends, we share sorrow and happiness with our friends. We are making new friends now and then, but it is hard to find the genius friends, the trust between friends are hard to build. If the trust exists, friends can talk anything, they are willing to show who they are in front of their friends. While if the trust doesn’t exist, the friendship is not real deep, people will ask you when they are in trouble. The real friendship is built on the basis of trust. My best friend will never ask me to do thing all the time, instead, she cares about me, and comforts me when I am upset. That’s a real friend.

译文：

朋友间的信任

朋友对于我们来说很重要，每人认都有他们的朋友，我们和朋友分享喜怒哀乐。我们会时而不时地交朋友，但是交到真正的朋友很难，朋友间的信任很难建立。如果信任存在，朋友间可以讨论任何事情，他们愿意在朋友面前展示真正的自己。

然而如果信任不存在,友情就不会很深，人们只会在他们有困难的时候才叫上你。真正的友情是建立在信任的基础上的。我最好的朋友永远都不会一直叫我去做事情，相反的，她一直关心我，当我感到烦恼时，给予我安慰。这是真正的朋友。

[英语作文：朋友间的信任

The American tour is over, and a little bit of the American swim through time and space tunnel, drip in my heart, printed in my mind.

America is an independent country. As for education, in China, we are all the baby in the family, holding hands in our hands, a little hurt is not willing to let us, more reluctant to stay away from our parents arms. American parents are more relaxed about their children and let them succeed with their own efforts. I saw such a scene in the United States, a baby fell down, and the babys mother didnt have as much pain as her parents in China, but taught him how to get up. At the sorran school in Los Angeles, there are many big brothers and sisters who are doing volunteer work to get credits, and they create their own world with their own hands. Our Chinese students may be little princess princesses at home. But in the United States, our landlady has made us experience our own dishes and the joys of labor. Thats how two parents of different countries have different approaches to education kids. Perhaps, the pain is some, but only temporary, but the cowardice in the heart once formed, is permanent, cannot change. This is worth learning.

American thrift is more worth learning. In China, we may be a little wasteful, but in the United States, most of the meals are buffet. There are some Chinese students who have been watching for a while. Many students take a lot of food, but many of them are wasted, and americans eat as much as they can and never waste food. My MOM is a woman who knows her life well and doesnt live in a wealthy neighborhood, but her family has always been frugal. They have three cars, an armored car, a sports car and a car. Two of them are luxury cars, and one is a Mercedes Benz in the eighties. In China, people tend to drive luxury cars, and they usually drive old cars. They have a pool where they often hold parties, so that we have the privilege of meeting more foreigners.

On the first day to Los Angeles, Xu Mingjie very lucky and I attended a local wedding, it was a very romantic wedding, under the illuminate of lamplight, a couple looks very bright. Little girls and small, well-fitted dresses add another look to the wedding.

Christianity was the bishop of the United States, and in the soslan school, it was the propaganda of Christianity. In that, although we believe in Buddhism, we respect their Christian culture, which is the highlight of Chinese students abroad. Our family still goes to church on the weekend.

In the United States, we went to shopping malls, and the shop assistants were very enthusiastic about us, and we were in that crazy shopping, invisibility, which promoted the economic development of the United States. To think about, and why the salesman students enthusiasm for China, which is not Chinas continuous development, continuous increase in the national economy, despite this, we dont it is for the welfare of the United States?

After a week of study, we went on to the east, the White House, congress, the United Nations, Wall Street, Broadway... Let us experience another American amorous feelings.

I dont think americans are as gentlemanly as British people, but there are still places to learn, and Ive benefited a lot from this trip to America.

When I watch the TV series, there always present the rich familys life,

but I dont feel envious about the rich life. It is obvious that though these

people live the better life, the cost is that their parents spend less time to

play with them. The time to stay with our parents is really important, while the

rich parents have much work to do, so they dont have much private hours. I was

born in an ordinary family. My parents will never miss the moment when I need

them. I am so thankful to life, because I have my parents love. Whats more, I

have made many good friends. We share our interest and have a lot in common.