山东高考英语作文题目：给美国朋友Tom的回信(优秀20篇)

My Low-carbon Life

The environmental pollution is worse and worsetoday. Many trees are cut down, and water and air are polluted. As a student Itry to have a low-carbon life to save energy and reduce pollution.

Firstly, I often walk to school. It can reduceair pollution. Secondly, I always turn off the lights and fans when leaving theclassroom. Thirdly, I always make full use of paper and other school things andnever waste water.

I wish more students to join me and make theearth more and more beautiful.

导语：高考英语作文万能句子能给人眼前一亮的感觉，下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.As far as ...is concerned 就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，...

3.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的，

5.It has to be noticed that... 它必须注意到，...

6.Its generally recognized that... 它普遍认为...

7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为...

8.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

9.Its hardly too much to say that... 它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是

11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问，无可否认

12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…

By the light of the setting sun, without any word, Tom and I were sitting by the lake that shone like glass. Because our hearts filled with sadness, the birds seemed not to want to sing.

The last three years have seen the deep friendship between Tom and me. Thinking about the days when we studied and grew up together, we couldnt help hugging.

At first, I got to know Tom through playing basketball. He was fond of basketball, which left an impression on me. Unluckily, I got injured in one basketball match, which made me want to give up playing basketball. Tom encouraged me not to give up my dream of becoming a famous basketball player. He taught me how to protect myself in games, so I gradually rebuilt confidence. Finally, friendship was built in our hearts deeply.

However, the three-year life at junior middle school was going to be at an end. Now, we must be apart. By the light of setting sun, sadness spread in our hearts. The thing which we could do is what we would like to do. I still keep the friendship as a treasure in my mind.

[我的一位好朋友英语作文

《“泻玉”化用借古 “改编”融汇新故》

2022年高考全国甲卷语文作文题以《红楼梦》中匾额题名的故事为引，其中提到了“借鉴化用”的手法。笔者由此联想：“借鉴化用”是否属于再创作?“借鉴化用”在什么情况下构成著作权法意义上的“改编”?若构成“改编”，“借鉴化用”的法律边界何在?

“借鉴化用”不一定构成“改编”

文学艺术领域的“化用”含义丰富，既包括借表达上的词句，又包括借思想上的文意或语境。但并非任何一种“化用”都能构成著作权法意义上的“改编”。

事实上，后人的创作总是站在前人的肩膀上，难以避免地要利用前人的思想成果。倘若将思想私有化、垄断化，会打击创作热情。因此，“改编”作为《著作权法》中的术语也只讨论表达上的借，而不纠结思想上的借。换言之，“改编”须以原作的基本表达为创作基础，如果后作与原作在表达上已不存在实质性的相似，只有思想上的相似，那么此时后作可能构成“独创”，而不再是“改编”。在“泻玉”一题中，“泻”字虽取自欧阳修的“泻出于两峰之间”，但只拈出了其中一字，难谓是原作的基本表达，而更多的是承载水流飞泻而下之意象。

新增独创性表达的“化用”构成“改编”。《著作权法》保护的是智力成果，独创性则是人类精神文明之花得以绽放的智力源泉。根据我国《著作权法》第十条的规定，改编权是指“改变作品，创作出具有独创性的新作品的权利”。这意味着改编不是毫无门槛，而是要在原作的表达基础上进一步进行独立的创作，且新创作的表达须拥有最低限度的创造性。

反之，如果新增表达不符合独创性要求，则其整体仍属于对前作的复制，不构成新的改编作品。就“泻玉”二字而言，摘“泻”添“玉”，虽传达了创作者以玉比水的联想，但是表达太短，难以完整且个性化地展现创作者的思想情感、文艺美感或是传递一定量的信息。故“泻玉”之匾额题名难谓新增独创性的表达。

构成“改编”不一定属于合法“改编”

改编判断独立于侵权认定，构成改编亦可能涉嫌侵权。是否构成改编属于作品判断，只要后作相对于原作具有一定的独创性，即可构成改编作品，而改编行为是否侵犯他人著作权则是侵权认定。改编者在曾接触过原作的条件下，如果未经原作著作权人许可使用原作的表达，且增加了新的独创性内容，在作品判断层面，新作完全可能构成改编作品;在侵权认定层面，改编者仍然会侵犯原作著作权人的复制权和改编权。

改编的法律边界不仅限于尊重原作者改编权，还需尊重原作者的保护作品完整权。保护作品完整权属于著作人身权，是指保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利，而改编必然涉及对原作的改变。此时，二者便可能发生冲突。为平衡原作者的人格利益与文学艺术的创作自由，实践中要求改编人的改编须控制在合理的限度之内。

具体而言，改编人在主观上不能带有贬损原作或原作者声誉的故意，在客观上没有造成原作或原作者声誉受损的结果。因此，改编人应尽量在事前与原作者协商，明确改编权的行使边界，以最大可能降低侵权风险。

综上所述，“泻玉”式创作，尽管没有直接复制，在一定程度上体现了创作者的努力和创新，值得提倡。但是，“改编”不是简单的小添小改，而是需要满足独创性的要求，且须尊重原作者的复制权、改编权与保护作品完整权。社会主义文化事业需要新内容、新血液，一方面应鼓励改编创作，在继承中创写新的诗篇;另一方面也应注意权利行使的边界，在合法、健康的环境中培养可持续的创新。

(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为...

2.另一些人认为...

3.我的看法...

The topic of ①-(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-----理由二). Moreover, ④-------(理由三).

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥--(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦--(理由三).

From my point of view, I think ⑧(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨----(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

(2)给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

Some people believe that ①(观点一). For example, they think ②-(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-(为他们带来的好处).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-----(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-(反对的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥--(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).

My best friend is lai LAN, we are always together.

She is very attractive, long eyelashes, deep eye sockets, a pair of very air small

Eyes, a smile to squints, an angry stare like a small ball. Her small, erect nose was warped. Her lips are lined, her teeth white and red, and she talks like a brother. Look at her ears, small and pink, like shells. Her fingers were long and long, like a new shoot of a bamboo shoot after the rain.

One time, lylan was ill, and when I got the news, I hurried to buy some fruit for her with my allowance, and hurried to the house of rylan. When I arrived at her home, I immediately asked, "are you feeling better?" She said, "I am much better off receiving your concerned greetings." In the evening, I dream of lai LAN, dreaming that we are playing happily together in school. Dream here, I suddenly wake up, decide to fold a wish star, wish the disease of lai LAN to rise quickly. The second day early in the morning, I found Lai Lan had to go to school, I jumped with joy, rushed over and she came a big hug, "super" this is no ordinary hug, I hugged her for a long time for a long time to separate.

Look, we are really best friends, right?

My ideal school day starts at 8:30 a.m. It finishes at 3 p.m. so we would have a lot of time for after-school activities.

We have half an hour for lunch. We can eat anything and chat with each other. We can also listen to pop music in the hall. We eat an apple every day, because it can keep us healthy.

We have Chinese, Maths, English and physics every day, because they are useful and very important. We wear school uniforms on Monday.

My ideal school has a park on one side and a shopping mall on the other. We have a big library with a lot of useful books. We also have a swimming pool and a tennis court. We can do any activities after school or at weekends.

We only have half an hour of homework every day. We do not do homework at weekends. Every month, we go on a school trip to a museum or a theatre. In the summer time, we can go to Beijing or Shanghai. Every week, we go to Dongzhou Park or shopping malls.

I like my ideal school very much.

[我的理想校园生活为题目的英语作文

Dear Tom,

I’m so hapy to learn that you want to learn Chinese in Zunyi Teachers’

College here.There is no doubt that to learn Chinese well is by no means an easy

thing, but I have some ideas that may help.

Firstly, it is important to listen to the teacher carefully in class and

take notes so that you can go over your lessons later.Secondly, try to practise

speaking Chinese as much as possible out of class and write down whatever you

hear to accunulate more commonly-used words and idioms.Don’t be afraid of making

mistakes.And try to communicate with local people to develop your listening

ability.Last but not least, you should organize your time and do lots of

exercise.

I think the most important thing is that you should believe in yourself.I’m

sure that you will suceed after your hard work.

Yours,

Wang Hua

同学们，当我们坐在电视机前收看丰富多彩的节目时，当我们手按鼠标在计算机的世界里畅游时，当我们用智能手机完成购物和支付时，我们可曾想过：是什么给我们的生活带来这么多的变化?是科技!是的，科学技术的巨大力量改变了我们身边的一切，改变了整个世界!

在世界的东方，我们的先人发明了火药，指南针，印刷术，造纸术，创造了辉煌的科技史。到了21世纪的今天，我国的经济实力明显增强，GDP已经达到世界的第二位。科技实力不断进步：高铁，歼20，国产大飞机，055大型导弹舰艇和国产航母，北斗导航，量子通信，超级计算机……我国的综合国力进一步增强，我们向中华民族复兴的伟大目标，跨近了一大步。

少年强，则国强。少年进步，则国进步。我们是社会主义事业的接班人，是新时代的力量。学习新思想，做好接班人，正是我们这一代青少年所应担当的历史使命。

我想要成为一名科学家。我要像苏步青一样去探索数学的奥秘;我要像袁隆平一样解决人们的贫困和饥饿的问题;我要像屠呦呦一样让人们不受疟疾的侵扰。我要勤于思考，勇于探索，善于观察，从身边的小事做起，不计较于自己个人的得失。这些，都是为了祖国的明天繁荣富强，为了造福人类。

我们幸运地生长在一个崭新的时代，科学的花朵从来没有像今天这样鲜艳夺目，科学的道路从来没有像今天这样宽广。同学们，让我们从小就培养起爱科学，学科学的好习惯，树立科学精神，勇攀科学高峰，去创造美丽的家园。

"路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。"面对新时代的挑战，我们只有树立坚强的信念，刻苦学习，才能做好新时代的接班人，实现我们的中国梦。

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

每个生命的形态是不同的，每个生命的轨迹和力度也是不同的，这决定了每个人都是独一无二的。有的人像太阳，散发出无穷的光芒，给人以温暖和力量;有的人像月亮，借助太阳的照射，用微弱的光亮给人以希望……绽放自己的光彩，这就是生命的意义。

根据上述材料，选取角度，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

优秀作文素材：【无论日月，皆有光辉】

谈到生命，萧红在《呼兰河传》里写了这么一段话：“逆来顺受，你说我的生命可惜，我自己却不在乎。你看着很危险，我却自以为得意。不得意怎样?人生是苦多乐少。”

从中我们可以窥见的是，衡量生命的意义，并不在于他人的评定是非，而在于自己。

很多时候，我们习惯将生命囚禁在约定俗成的镣铐里，企图用同一个准则去猜想他人的生命。这当然难免武断，因为在我们眼中，好像只有牺牲和无私的奉献才具有成为“英雄”的资格，好像只有仕途顺利、盆钵皆满才算得上“成功”的生命——如本雅明所说：“一名在二十二岁就死去的诗人，在他生命里的每时每刻，就是一名在二十二岁就死去的诗人。”

但我们应当明白，生命的精彩和复杂，是绝不能够被死亡复刻，被世俗所禁锢的。

每個人的生命有属于每个人自我的轨迹和意义。这些属于自己的光彩，是构成这个世界的万千元素。很多时候我们怀疑自己渺小的力量究竟能否撼动大树，我们为未竟的事业和遗憾而埋怨自己，就像王小波说，自己在21岁的黄金年代，坐在屋檐下看着天暗下去，“感到自己的生命被剥夺了”，害怕着自己就这样衰老下去，直至死亡也无法变成“天上半明半暗的云”。可木心说，生命就是时时刻刻不知如何是好。而某种意义上，这些迷惘与自我怀疑恰恰造就了我们的独一无二。

如大家所知晓的那样，西西弗斯是荒诞的英雄，这既出于他的激情，也出于他的困苦。他的生命在徒劳又无望中消耗殆尽，但加缪说，他又是快乐的。尽管他对诸神的蔑视，对死亡的憎恨，对生命的热爱，使他吃尽苦头;尽管竭尽浑身解数，却落个一事无成，但这是热恋此岸乡土必须付出的代价。而这代价，就像我们每个普通人在实现自我生命意义时所要向自己提问的：你是否看清生活的真相，却仍热爱它?

我们的力量有强有弱，但生命的力量却无关强弱。在绽放自我的意义时，在我们于平坦的大路和西西弗斯堆起石头的路之间做出选择时，我们已在交付着真心。无论日月，皆有光辉。

我希望我们每个人都对自己抱有信心，相信无论平凡还是伟大，都有意义，无论是微弱还是热烈，都能无悔地创造独一无二的价值。生命是开放的，所有可能性都能在连接中产生创意。人是会思想的芦苇，脆弱却囊括了一个特殊的宇宙。我们都能创造这一片宇宙，这是我们之所以高贵的原因，也是我们生命的意义。

Dear friend,

I am a thirteen-year-old Chinese girl. My Chinese name is Jian Jie. Jane is

my English name. I can speak Chinese and a little English. I can teach you

Chinese if you like. And you can teach me English. Do you want to be a teacher

student?

My favorite movies are Happy Feet and Cars. Do you like them? Red and

yellow are my favorite colors. What are your favorite colors? I often play

tennis on Saturday and Sunday. It is my favorite sport. What sport do you

like?This is me, a Chinese girl. I want a pen pal in the U.S.A.

Lets be friends!OK?

Jane

Today early in the morning, li hong would visit to San Francisco. Among them, li hong is the most impressive is the Intel museum.

Just a arrived in a blizzard wafts of the science museum, threshold before those incredible illusion, now all become a reality in my eyes, most especially, I saw "anatomy" internal computer, reminds people of multifarious, the winding river maze.

Li hong to see at ordinary times the computer always is so convenient, give people many benefits, but who thought about it how complicated the internal? Today I finally saw computer has not come easily. Computer, is the main chip, chip it, far look like a endless endless maze, the chip is small, can want to make a really difficult!

First, cut the chip plate at the bottom of the well, but at the bottom of the plate but with hard gold wire to build by laying bricks or stones becomes, in the process of making chips, making people have to keep the body clean, because in the process of production, chip internal cannot be stained with a trace of dust. Otherwise, the previously kung fu can be disqualified! The whole production process must. Be careful, and every parts need to be selective, meticulously, it is conceivable that a computer is made up of many "meticulously" ah

Today’s story is about Mary ,a girl from the US.She’s now studying in China,Beijing.Tomorrow is the Spring Festival. Now ,Mary is staying in China.One years ago,last Spring Festival ,Mary was 11 years old, very little girl. Now, she’s a 12- year- old- girl.Just 1 year,she learns many thing in China.Gradually,she loves China.

Now, she is living in her aunt home.At 9:00 a.m. in Beijing ,Mary make a phone call to her family. When they talk on the phone ,they are so happy .We a

ll know Mary’s mother misses Mary long time. Mary misses her family long time,too. And she was happy to live in China.But talking with family is more important than everything. What a warm story!

From this story, we know noting is important than family. No place like home!

It is quite usual that one meets failures, for ones life can never be

plain sailing. However, different people hold different attitudes towards

failure. Some people think it a heavy blow to fail in achieving something and

they can not endure failure. When they meet failure, they will be seriously

dejected and can never pluck up their courage to try again.

遇到失败这是很平常，因为人的生命不可能一帆风顺。然而，不同的人对失败持有不同的态度。获取某些东西失败对有些人来说是一个沉重的打击，他们不能承受失败。当他们失败，他们将非常的沮丧并且不能鼓起勇气再试一次。

However, others think it natural to meet failures in ones career.

Therefore, they are psychologically prepared. When they meet failures, they will

not be frustrated. Instead, they will continue to meet new challenges. As to me,

Im in favor of the latter view. Failure is really a terrible thing but it is

also the mother of success. If one draws lessons from failures, in most cases he

will get success in the future. Furthermore, ones life can never be smooth

sailing; it must be full of difficulies and setbacks. If one is daunted by

difficulies and frustrations, he will always be a failure. However, if one holds

a positive attitude toward failure, he will overcome difficulties and

frustrations to win victory.

然而，其他人认为，在自己的职业生涯中的败是很自然的。因此，他们的心理有所准备。当他们遇到失败，他们不会失意。相反，他们将继续迎接新的挑战。就我而言，我赞成后一种观点。失败是一个可怕的事情，但它是成功之母。如果一个灵感来自失败的教训，在大多数情况下，他将在未来获得成功。此外，一个人的生活永远不会是一帆风顺的;它必须是充满困难和挫折。如果一个人被困难和挫折吓倒，他将永远是一个失败者。然而，如果耸对失败持有积极的态度，他将克服困难和挫折，赢得胜利。

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

“谁是英雄?今天，我们一起寻找”，众多媒体共同发起的“崇尚英雄精忠报国”大型网络互动活动点燃了亿万网民的英雄情结，“怎样的人称得上英雄”成为人们热议的话题。

为此，班上拟召开“怎样的人称得上英雄”的主题班会，请你写一篇文章参与讨论。

要求：根据材料内容及含意，选好角度，确定立意;明确文体，自拟标题;不要套作，不得抄袭;不少于800字。

【详解】

试题分析：本题考查根据要求写作的能力，以材料作文的方式呈现。

材料的主要内容是“怎样的人称得上英雄”，由题干要求“请你写一篇文章参与讨论”，即要求考生写一篇文章参与主题班会的讨论看，本次作文实际上要求写作文体是议论文。那么，到底“怎样的人称得上英雄”?通过思考可以明确，建立丰功伟业者是英雄，在平凡的岗位上默默奉献者也是英雄。只要围绕着“怎样的人称得上英雄”的话题进行写作即可。在语体要求上，注意参与讨论的对象是同学，语言表达要得体，不少于800字。

【点睛】

构建任务驱动型作文的基本结构：

第一步，巧引材料，表明态度。首先就是根据自己的写作角度，恰当地引述材料，表明自己的态度。同样一则材料，不同的写作角度会有不同的引述方式。

第二步，分析原因，摆出事实，阐明道理。引述材料之后，紧接着就需要结合材料分析论证。论证需要有一个清晰的层次，一般说来，可以先分析原因，再引用事实证明，然后结合事实阐明道理，这是文章的主体部分。

第三步，回应开头，总结全文。材料贯穿全文是任务驱动型作文的一个显著特点，文章的结尾不是简单地总结全文，而是回应开头，既再次表明自己的态度，又深化文章的主旨。

Everyone knows thatFailurealways accompanies us in our life. No matter what we do, none of us can say we will surely succeed, because there is no such thing as plain sailing.

大家都知道,失败总是伴随着我们的生活。无论我们做什么,没有人能说我们肯定会成功,因为没有所谓的一帆风顺。

About failure, different people have different opinions. Generally speaking, on one hand, people think "failure is the mother of success". They think we wont understand the profound meaning of success until we go through failure. On the other hand, for some people, failure is frustration. They think if a person goes through too much failure, he will collapse and lose confidence in his life.

对失败,不同的人有不同的观点。一般来说,一方面,人们认为“失败是成功之母”。他们认为我们不会理解的深刻含义成功直到我们经历失败。另一方面,对于一些人来说,失败是失望。他们认为如果一个人经历太多的失败,他将会崩溃,在他的生活中失去信心。

In my opinion, failure is the footstone and catalyst of the edifice of success. "You dont know what you have until its gone." If you have never lost it, and always get it easily, you will not cherish what you get and own.

在我看来,失败是成功的基石和催化剂的大厦。“你不知道你所拥有的,直到它消失了。“如果你没有失去它,总是很容易,你不会珍惜你所得到的,自己的。

美利坚合众国的国旗旗面由13道红白相间的宽条构成，左上角还有一个包含了50颗白色小五角星的蓝色长方形。50颗小星代表了美国的50个州，而13条间纹则象征着美国最早建国时的13块殖民地。下面是由小编为你整理的美国国旗来源英语作文，欢迎大家阅读。

American flag for a rectangular shape, length and width ratio of 19:10 for the Stars and Stripes (the Star-Spangled Banner), the upper-left corner flag for the blue stars surface area of the stars a few provisions in the respective departments, the United States is the state flag on the number of a few of the stars. Star 13 is outside the red and white stripes, 13 stripes on behalf of the original 13 colonies in North America. According to Washington, said: symbol of the United Kingdom with red stripes, white stripes and a symbol of freedom from it. More general argument that the red symbol of strength and courage, a symbol of purity and innocence of white, blue is a symbol of vigilance, perseverance and justice. In 1818 the U.S. Congress pass the bill, red and white flag on the fixed width for the 13, the number of five-pointed star should be in line with several states of America. Each additional state, the national flag on a star to increase, the general in the new states to join the second year after the implementation of July 4. So far has been the national flag to 50 stars, representing the 50 U.S. states. June 14 each year as "the development of the anniversary of the American flag." On this day, commemorative activities held throughout the United States to show respect for the flag and love of America.

美国国旗为长方形，长宽之比为19：10，为星条旗(the Star-Spangled Banner)，旗面左上角为蓝色星区，区内的星数于有关部门规定，美国的州数就是国旗上的星数。星区以外是13道红白相间的条纹，13道条纹代表最初北美13块殖民地。据华盛顿说：红色条纹象征英国，白色条纹象征脱离它而获得自由。更普遍的说法认为，红色象征强大和勇气，白色象征纯洁和清白，蓝色则象征警惕，坚韧不拔和正义。1818年美国国会通过法案，国旗上的红白宽条固定为13道，五角星数目应与合众国州数一致。每增加一个州，国旗上就增加一颗星，一般在新州加入后的第二年7月4日执行。至今国旗上已增至50颗星，代表美国的50个州。每年6月14日为“美国国旗制定纪念日”。在这一天，美国各地举行纪念活动，以示对国旗的敬重和对合众国的热爱。

[美国国旗来源英语作文

《明晰边界方能拥抱百花齐放的创作空间》

一年一度的高考已落下帷幕，但人们关于语文作文的讨论依旧热情不减。其中，高考全国甲卷作文引用《红楼梦》中“大观园试才题对额”情节命题，笔者认为，不妨从版权角度对其进行解读。

“为元妃(贾元春)省亲修建的大观园竣工后，众人给园中桥上亭子的匾额题名。有人主张从欧阳修《醉翁亭记》‘有亭翼然’一句中，取‘翼然’二字;贾政认为‘此亭压水而成’，题名‘还须偏于水’，主张从‘泻出于两峰之间’中拈出一个‘泻’字，有人即附和题为‘泻玉’;贾宝玉则觉得用‘沁芳’更为新雅，贾政点头默许。‘沁芳’二字，点出了花木映水的佳境，不落俗套，也契合元妃省亲之事，蕴藉含蓄，思虑周全。”从版权的角度细读题干，使人联想到作品创作过程。或直接移用，或借鉴化用，或根据情境独创，三种不同的创作方式有可能带来妙笔生花的文章、栩栩如生的画作、活泼立体的音像作品，但也有可能会面临不同的版权侵权风险。

有人提到借用欧阳修《醉翁亭记》中的“翼然”二字，从现在的《著作权法》来看，“有亭翼然”只包含四个汉字，不足以体现其创新性，即不能构成作品，不能受到《著作权法》的保护;且在《红楼梦》中的故事发生时，《醉翁亭记》版权保护期已过，作品进入公有领域后无需授权即可被直接引用。

但是现实中，这种直接移用的创作方式其实存在较大的版权侵权风险，如近期“北大满哥”控诉“小满”广告文案直接抄袭其早期发布的视频文案，又如短视频二次创作者直接将长视频剪辑成多个片段发布的“切片式”搬运行为，都是未经许可直接移用他人作品的案例，若没有合理使用、法定许可等抗辩事由，则涉嫌构成著作权侵权。

贾政主张从“泻出于两峰之间”拈出一个“泻”字，他人附和为“泻玉”，这种部分引用加入个人创作的借鉴化用方式在日常创作中最为常见，也极易产生版权侵权风险。

不可否认的是，创作通常要站在前人的肩膀上进行，但借鉴程度决定了其是否构成版权侵权。《著作权法》允许在创作中引用合理长度的作品片段，但不允许完全或主要以他人的作品代替自己创作的行为。

贾宝玉结合花木映水的佳境和元妃省亲的时事作出“沁芳亭”，并吟出“绕堤柳借三篙翠，隔岸花分一脉香”的对联，体现了贾宝玉的文学素养，也为后人展示了作品创作的条件和过程，即作品既要独立完成，也要体现一定的智力创造性。

有人提出，《桃花扇》中“叶分芳草绿，花借美人红”与该对联有异曲同工之妙，“沁芳”与“芳草”也颇有相似之韵味，贾宝玉的独创可能是以已有的作品为基础进行的再创作，但其与原作品之间存在着可以被客观识别的明显差异，符合《著作权法》对作品要求的“独创性”，构成《著作权法》保护的作品。同时，这也从侧面说明作品创作是在长期的学习与积累之后输出的过程，站在巨人的肩膀上加之个人有效思考，独创的作品才能有更强大的生命力。

“或直接移用，或借鉴化用，或根据情境独创”的高考作文命题在不同的领域可以引发若干不同角度的启发。从版权的角度来说，《著作权法》鼓励在合法框架内多元化创作方式的运用，三种创作方式固然存在侵权风险，但不能否认其在作品创作中的积极作用，注意借鉴、移用的边界，方能拥抱百花齐放的创作空间。

寻找失物信 The letter for looking for the lost

Directions: You have just spent a weekend staying at the St. Regis Hotel in Beijing. When you get home you find that you have left a bag at the hotel. Write to the manager of the hotel:

1) Enquire whether the bag has been found,

2) Give any relevant information about the bag and its contents,

3) Ask the manager to contact you immediately if the bag is found and tell him/her how the bag can be sent to you.

Dear Mr./Ms. Manager:

I stayed in Room 608 in your hotel on August 10, 2015. Could you please check your Lost and Found Department and see if my bag is there?

The bag is a small black, leather document case. Inside it, you will find several business cards and a photo of Miss Lin Daiyu. These things are not very valuable in money terms, but they have a lot of personal value.

I would appreciate it if you could contact me as soon as possible. If you could send the bag to me by EMS, I would be most grateful. Thank you for your help.

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

尊敬的先生/女士经理：

我在你的旅馆里住了608个房间，2015年8月10日。你能检查一下你的失落和发现的部门，看看我的书包在那里吗？

这个袋子是一个黑色的，皮革的文件盒。在里面，你会发现几张名片和一张林黛玉小姐的照片。这些东西在金钱方面不是很有价值，但他们有很多个人价值。

如果你能尽快联系我，我将不胜感激。如果你能把这个包寄给我，我会很感激的。谢谢你的帮助。

你真诚

李明

电影《社交网络》开场白中说：Facebook创始人马克·扎克伯格当年考哈佛大学的SAT成绩是满分2400分，这意味着他的高智商。同样，在华尔街，很多公司招聘雇员也看SAT成绩，因为这基本可以考查一个人的智商。

作为美国的高考(微博)，SAT与刚刚结束的国内高考相比，有着怎样的差异？

中国高考最近正在放榜，而每年多次的美国高考SAT也刚刚结束6月的考试。

SAT是Scholastic Assessment Test的缩写。中文名称为：学术能力评估测验，也就是俗称的“美国高考”。申请美国大学时，很多大学尤其是排名靠前的大学都会要求学生提交SAT成绩。

作为美国大学入学考试，SAT是美国最大的考试项目，每年，美国有150万人次参加SAT考试，而中国每年也有2万人次参加这个考试。

记者近日采访国内首开SAT培训的上海新东方学校国外考试部主任王文山，听他解读美国高考和中国高考的差异。

SAT是测智商的考试

SAT是美国人上美国大学必考的考试，尤其是上名校，全美排名前50的综合性大学和前50名的文理学院都需要考生提供SAT考试成绩。

SAT考察的不是英文而是逻辑推理能力，它起源于哈佛以前的智商测试，之后才成为美国大学申请者的考试。1948年，哈佛大学以这个考试作为录取学生的一个依据，这门考试逐渐被认可。

除了在美国是一年七次，SAT考试在其他地方都是一年六次，分别是1、5、6、10、11、12月份。如果中国高中生想去美国读大学，需要参加这个考试。SAT说通俗是美国的高考，这个考试主要是针对中国高一、高二的学生，高三也可以，但是高三准备有点仓促。

SAT考试分为SATI和SATII两个部分。SATI分为数学、写作和阅读三部分；SATII有数学、化学、物理、生物等学科。通常我们所说的SAT考试为SATI。

阅读部分分为阅读理解和填空，被称为批判性阅读；写作要求考生在25分钟之内写大约400字的作文；数学部分即代数几何，对中国学生来说非常容易，这并不意味着美国学生数学能力差，而是他们学得晚，中国的数学学习过分超前。

每一部分满分800分，总分2400分，每一部分最低分200分，也就是说，考600分相当于0分。每年美国有不到1000人得到满分，中国到目前出现过6个满分。

标准化保证公平性

SAT是考基本的应用能力。作文部分和阅读部分不一样，阅读是你阅读别人的思想，作文是考察你自己的表达思想。因为进入大学，学生必须要写科研论文，这就是一种模式化的论文写作。而SAT作文正是为了训练学生的思维，让学生产生发散性思维。比如有一个题目“英雄也是普通人吗？”

题目非常标准，每一次考试波动都不会太大，不会考运算，题目注重实用。写作题目看上去很深奥，都是涉及人生、成功的看法。

相比来说，中国一些考试的标准性不足，比如四六级考试、高考英语都借鉴了托福考试，“托福的听力，一男一女对话，四六级也是一男一女对话，但只是模仿了皮毛。就像只模仿了一个人穿衣打扮的外在形式，而对这个人的思想品德、价值观不了解。”

SAT的出题机构ETS是专门出考题的民间机构，这里有一批专家教授，一辈子的工作就是出考题。从而保证每次考试的难度基本均等，保持考试的公平性。

作文聚焦有争议的话题

SAT考得非常抽象，学习、知识和真理，世界观，人生观，成功和失败——这是SAT作文经常考的话题。而且话题都存在一定的争议性。

比如，学习中什么要素最重要，是想象力还是知识，或者学习中什么要素更重要，是事实还是概念？另外，教与学的关系，知识是主观还是客观等主题，也是SAT常考的话题。

世界观一向是SAT考查的难点，比如现象和本质的关系、个体和群体的关系，现在和将来的关系，一般来讲，这样的题目需要在例子中展开才能得到有效的论证。

对于人生观的理解的主题，SAT一直是以抽象的方式来考查，例如，SAT会考“我们是谁”，“人需不需要危机”，“个人是否需要他人帮助”，“是否需要了解自我发展自我”等抽象的问题。其他的考点还有人类的缺陷、亲密关系和管理等等。

SAT作文常常把“成功”的概念定义为英雄、幸福、成就、专家等。成功的要素很多，可以是逆境，可以是坚韧，可以是冒险，可以是谨慎……与此相对，失败的要素也很多，可以是拖延，可以是逆境，可以是鲁莽，可以是犹豫……这些要素其实是一个事物的两个方面。

只要你能自圆其说

SAT作文考查的是学生的思辨能力，而不是能不能回答出问题，因此该问题的各个方面可以成为学生的答案，考生甚至可以缩放题目来形成自己的观点。

SAT作文考的是说服性作文，即考查考生能否在短

When I was very young, I could just say “mom, dad”. My mother began to give me some picture books and story books. She let me know how to read those books and told me stories, which were from the story books. Pictures and books were so fresh for me! Though thin and simple, they were full of funny stories and knowledge. They brought me, a little girl, a colorful world.

Parents also bought me a lot of toys at that time, but I liked only books. I always asked my parents for books and asked them to explain the contents(内容) to me. I always asked them a lot of questions: “Why can the bird fly?”, “Why is the sky blue?”, “Why are the leaves green？” and so on. My father told me that books were our good friends and they could help us answer questions. So I liked reading books better, and was thirsty for more knowledge, and always regarded books as my best friends.

Now I am a middle school student. In my free time, I read different books and learn a lot of different, important and interesting knowledge every day.

Books are the sources of wisdom, the sea of the knowledge, the steps towards improvements for human!

Books are my loyal friends！

[英语作文：书本和我是好朋友