山东高考英语作文题目：给美国朋友Tom的回信（汇总20篇）

Dear Bob,

I’m so glad that you are coming to learn Chinese here. I’ve already found you a house near our school. I’d like to tell you something about it.

You may get on No.ll bus at Fang Cao Street and the next stop is just Jian Xin Chinese School. The house is near the school. It is about 25 square metres. In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sofa standing against the wall and a table near the window. You may find a light on the table and a chair next to it. There are two other rooms connecting the bedroom. The left one is a bathroom and the right one is a kitchen. So you may cook by yourself. The rent for the house is 500 yuan per month.

Hope you’ll enjoy staying here!

Yours,

Li Hua

满分理由

本文内容具体，详略得当，表述方式很有创造力和新意，长短句并用，语言结构富于变化，错落有致，顺畅圆润，尤其是情态动词和分词的运用很独到，为文章增色不少。

作文：

Dear Bob,

I’m glad to hear from you.

Welcome to our city in september. I’ve found a suitable house for you.

The house is on Fang Cao Street, not far from the Jianxin Chinese School. If you take the No.11 bus, it is just one stop.

It is a flat on the third floor of a building. It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen. You can cook yourself. The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very convenient for you. In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with chair. The desk is next to the window. It will be good for study. The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan a month.

Will you be satisfied with this flat, or you want another one? Just let me know. I’ll try my best to help you.

Yours,

Li Hua

[高考英语满分作文欣赏

Dear friend,

My name is Sally. I am from China. I want a pen pal in Australia. I am 14 years old. I have no brothers or sisters in my family. MY favorite subject in school is science, because I think it’s very interesting. I like playing the piano and playing basketball on weekends. How about you? Can you write and tell me something about yourself?

Yours,

Sally

[描写朋友、自己或家人的喜好的英语作文

The free day ,I want to go to Los Angeles.Because this is the second largest city in America! And the sun always seems to shine in LA!I need some suggestions. Firstly I want to join the 2 hours walking tour.because it is a so great chance .Secondly I will go shopping in Glendale Galleria. Finlly I want to citadel outlets and South coast plaza.

Live with thankfulness Do you know Thanksgiving Day?Do you know why human thank God? Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November, a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away, family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have. In this spirit of sharing, civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need, particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States, foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional. What should we thank?

The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight, air, water and everything in keeping with we existence of space, bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us, bring to us mysterious let us look for. The thankful parents give us the life, make us feel the merriment of the human life, feel the genuine feeling of the human life, feel the comity of the human life, feel happiness of the human life, also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life!

The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach, give us knowledge ability, put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us. The thankful classmate and friend grows up road of, let I no longer standing alone in the itinerary of life;The with gratitude is frustrated and let us become in a time the failure stronger.

[ 多与家人朋友沟通交流初中英语作文

《历跨夏潮怀鸿鹄 再越冬彩展骐骥》

击缶而歌，活字印刷，如豹飞驰，似蛟腾游，初展华夏鸿鹄之姿;飞流直下，水墨丹青，翩若惊鸿，矫若游龙，再显九州骐骥之势。铺开双奥盛景的画卷，抚上其国泰民安的底色，我辈肩负民族复兴之大任，当自滚滚春潮汲墨再提笔，怀鸿鹄以跨险阻，展骐骥以再越难。

先辈明德贤笃志，身向复兴澎湃行。以民族大任为方，循前辈足迹为向，迈出跨越初步。且看为5G网络实现再跨越，搭建者张嘉携团队成小海坨山“荒山通网”之佳绩，尽显坚毅;且看“雪之梦”号、“瑞雪迎春”号高铁疾驰再提速，建设者程红彬加强技术攻坚而获世界游客赞誉，尽显匠心;且看冰立方“由水变冰“再突破，设计者杜诗亮精妙巧思以造环保场馆，尽显智慧。他们从平凡中绽放卓越，从落后处跨越领先;从困阻中寻找机遇，在倥偬间不移其心。“不负韶华，不负时代，不负人民。”转看我辈青衣，不应好高骛远，更不应嫌弃“担子重”而就此“躺平”，而应在榜样的引领下树立跨越之志向，坚定再跨越之信念，努力绽放复兴之花。

人生万事须自为，跬步江山即寥廓。怀脚踏实地之能，担民族复兴之任，再越崇山峻岭。继夏奥金牌榜第一后，冬奥赛场上中国残奥队再次拿下榜首辉煌。高尔基叩问胜利本意后自答：“最伟大的胜利，就是战胜自己。”于我有为青年，最卓越的成功，就是再次跨越旧我。可在成就面前，我们该如何打败自我再创辉煌?

勇于迸发，是谷爱凌给出的回答。她突破自我的1620度转体尝试，实现了自己的滑雪生涯上的“再跨越”;沉着冷静，是范苏圆、凌智交出的答卷。二人在冰壶场上的默契配合，为中国队赢下混双首胜;脚踏实地，是武大靖展现出的“有过辉煌，无惧低谷”。速滑接力场上，他再次突破自我，助力队友，为中国队摘得首金。跨越需要力量，再跨越则需要怀揣勇气，需要不惧险途，需要如曼德拉曾言，成为“坠落后总能再度升起”的最伟大的光辉。双奥奇迹实现的春潮，涤净过浮躁繁杂后，冲刷过迷惘低谷后，我们更应在感受到国家“再跨越”进程的号召后，奋起直追，历练自身，劈荆棘载途，成为堪当时代复兴使命的青年。

风光霁月人所为，民族复兴看吾辈。得鸿鹄之志在心，有骐骥之能在身，终抵复兴彼岸。我辈青年，当做洪流而非涓溪，汹涌地推动民族复兴的浪头前进;我辈青年，当做高山而非苇草，激昂地在天地间为华夏立身开太平;我辈青年，当做鸿鹄，当成骐骥，奋力地在奋斗的鲜艳底色上书写青春，因而能继“双奥”国家辉煌之姿，在不懈的跨越与再跨越中，开创民族复兴的新纪元。

1、这副图描写了我们的学校生活。

This is a picture of our school life.

2、有一个男孩站在那儿。

There is a boy standing there.

3、有一些学生在打篮球。

Some students are playing basketball.

4、另外一些人在彼此交谈。

Others are talking with each other.

5、甚至有一个人在打太极拳。

There is even one who is practicing taichi.

6、阳光明媚。

The sun is shining brightly.

7、天空蔚蓝。

The sky is blue.

8、微风吹拂。

The wind is blowing softly.

9、鸟儿在树上欢快地叫着。

The birds are singing happily in the trees.

10、树木充满了生机。

The trees are full of new life.

A friend is someone who can let you feel warm when you are depressed. I have many friends. However I only have one best friend and its XXX. He is the same age as me. He is taller than me. Basketball is his favourite sport. We are in the same class. He likes studying and is good at it, so he gets high marks. We learn from each other and help each other. He will help me if I ever get into troubles. So will I. I hope our friendship will last forever and ever.

“芳林新叶催陈叶，流水前波让后波。”在当今这个百舸争流、奋楫者先的时代，青年干部作为青年群体的先进代表和中坚力量，被党和人民寄予了殷切希望，须争做时代大潮中的“后浪”，尽情奔涌，在为民服务中绽放青春芳华，在磨砺奋斗中谱出精彩人生。

青年干部要勇立潮头争当“先锋”。“为有牺牲多壮志，敢教日月换新天。”青年干部生活在崭新的时代、拥抱更广阔的世界，心怀“万丈豪情”，胸有“星辰大海”，极具开创性、独立性、自主性。抚今忆昔，青年干部不能忘革命先辈抛头颅洒热血，用执着和坚毅铸就复兴之中国;不能忘革命先辈爬雪山过草地，用自强和奋进铸就富强之中国;不能忘记革命先辈过五关斩六将，用改革和创新铸就富足中国。“历史只会眷顾坚定者、奋进者、搏击者，而不会等待犹豫者、懈怠者、畏难者。”青年干部要保持初生牛犊不怕虎的猛劲、越是艰险越向前，以碧血丹心的赤诚，大胆探索，敢于突破，勇立潮头，争做先锋，努力在脱贫攻坚主战场破除“顽疾病灶”。要勇立“一心为民”的鸿鹄之志，胸怀“为生民立命，为万世开太平”的壮志，在脱贫攻坚一线，与人民群众同呼吸共命运，急群众之所急、解群众之所需，笃志笃行，真正当好群众的“贴心人”，展现青年朝气蓬勃、奋勇当先的勃发英姿。

青年干部要深学细悟争当“表率”。“问渠那得清如许?为有源头活水来。”青年干部正处于种子发芽期，阳光水分跟不上，就会留下后遗症，影响后期生长。“吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。”青年干部要争当学习的“表率”，加强理论学习和业务学习，增强工作的科学性、预见性、主动性，才能克服本领不足、本领恐慌、本领落后的问题。要读“万卷书”和行“万里路”相结合，带着深情、秉着厚爱深入群众当中，倾听群众呼声，体察群众疾苦，虚心向实践学、向群众学，真正做到问政于民、问需于民、问计于民，在基层的“磨练场”上练就十八般武艺。在取得成绩的同时，要学会拿党章党规“扫描”，用群众期待“透视”，跟先进典型“对照”，清醒审视自身的短板差距，日思日睿，找准补齐短板的“钥匙”，学之愈透，感悟越深，觉悟越高，行动越坚，在深学细悟中进一步修好共产党人的“心学”。如此，方能博观约取、厚积薄发。

青年干部要苦干实干争当“标兵”。廖俊波自青年起便立志为民服务，他用脚步丈量山水，脚踏实地，倾情致力解决事关群众切身利益的“民生大计”，用行动和担当书写了为官从政的最美注解;黄文秀放弃城市的发展机会，毅然回到家乡，在脱贫攻坚第一线倾情投入、奉献自我，用美好青春诠释了共产党人的初心使命;杜富国在危急时刻挺身而出，用生命担当使命，一句“让我来”，挺立起中国军人的铮铮铁骨，绽放出绚丽的青春之花。英雄模范们的青春光芒在为民服务中恣意绽放。青年干部更应如此，要把人民群众放在最高位置，时刻谨记“为了谁、依靠谁、我是谁”，念兹在兹，始终与人民群众保持火热的“温度”。青年干部生逢其时，使命在肩，当以梦为马、砥砺前行，把个人梦融入家国梦之中，把个人奋斗融入党和人民的共同奋斗之中，在脱贫攻坚攻坚主战场苦干实干加油干，拨动青春心弦，谱写一曲曲雄浑激荡的青春乐章。

“雄关漫道真如铁，而今迈步从头越。”青年干部肩负着国家富强、民族振兴、中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的殷殷期待，要在灼灼年华，奏响青春之约，披荆斩棘、阔步前行，坚持干在实处，力争走在前列，不断在新时代各项工作中取得新气象新作为，不负青春不负民!

题目：讲好中国故事 传承中国文化

阅读下面的材料,根据要求写作。(60分)

材料一：春节期间，“故事里的中国”将湘西十八洞村精准扶贫的故事搬上荧屏。该档电视栏目聚焦中华人民共和国成立以来现实主义题材文艺作品,挖掘经典背后的真实故事和时代精神,迅速点燃了众多观众的收看热情。

材料二：20世纪80年代,一套名为“熊猫丛书”的中国文学译作在海外传播开来。每本书的封面上,都有一只憨态可掬的熊猫形象——它象征着中国。在这只熊猫的陪伴下，老舍、沈从文、汪曾祺、王蒙等中国作家的作品摆上了外国读者的书桌。

今天,随着中华民族伟大复兴的步伐加快,中国需要认识自己,世界需要了解中国,需要我们讲好中国故事。

请结合材料内容,联系时代生活写一篇文章,谈谈你的认识和思考。

要求:自选角度,确定立意;明确文体;不要套作,不得抄袭;不得泄露个人信息;不少于800字。

范文

要“讲好中国故事”。正如费孝通先生所言：“美美与共，天下大同。”多年来，中国以华夏之泱泱，一直坚守大国担当，书写着精彩华章，力图与世界各国交相辉映，共添天下风光。

首先，中华人民携如掾巨笔，书万卷华章，为故事的讲述提供着素材话本、夯实着沃土根基。

讲好中国故事从来都不是空洞的，若没有中国的人、物、事做支撑，缺乏实实在在、令人敬佩的事例，那么无论用多少华丽词藻修饰，中国故事都是空洞乏味的，旁人甚至不屑闻之，又何谈“讲好”?因而，讲好中国故事的基础，前提是写好中国故事、演绎好中国佳话。

“花香蝶自来”，讲好一个个引起人类共鸣的故事，听众自然愿意捧场。一如港珠澳大桥引来举世盛誉，一如中国“天眼”让世界惊叹，又如“嫦娥四号”聚焦国际目光……我们并未大张旗鼓、四处宣传，但它们却如长了翅膀般飞向世界各地，何也?因为这些故事真实而精彩!

当然，趣味盎然的故事只是基础，而非全部。讲好故事，重心自然还应落在“讲”上，以生动形象、高超的讲述技巧，为中国故事再添一束光，再引一群人。

《周易》中曾记载“云行雨施，品物流形”。四时蕴藉，八极各辉，世间万物都会因雨水的滋润而不断变化，壮大成形;相似又不同、共和而各异，中国与他国，亦复如斯。不同文化的交流就似一个个涟漪的碰撞交汇，相互影响、不断扩散而成就自我却又保持各自特色。尊重其个性，以世界所喜闻乐见的方式传播中国故事，是讲好中国故事的关键所在。

生动准确的叙述要根据听众的特点来安排。不同文明之间，有个性，我们要尊重;有共性，我们要发掘。当《朗读者》承载着中国价值、中国故事走出国门时，中德双方各诵《写给母亲》打开了两国人民的心门，中国故事传得动人、传得美妙!

同时，用“一带一路”的悠悠驼铃串联世界各国的共同心声，用“进博会”琳琅满目的商品吸引更多的目光，将高铁动车的名片撒向万水千山……讲好中国故事，大同之梦定能辉煌。新时代领路人也多次强调：“我们要营建世界人民的后花园。”在万物互联的时代，独善其身日益显得不切实际，一方面需要我们精心搭建，让世界人民愿意到此休憩玩乐、共谋发展;一方面需要我们树立世界眼光，敞开胸怀，一步步走向世界舞台中央;另一方面还要针对当下仍有一些人不明内里甚至误解中国的情况，慎重思考如何将一个个精彩的中国故事讲好，展现中国爱好和平、互融天下的形象。

新时代，要让世界人民了解中国、理解中国，需要别人全面客观地看，更需要我们生动准确地说。讲好中国故事，你若盛开，粉蝶自来;讲好中国故事，时光不语，静待花开。

泱泱中华，盛世华章，盼与世界共享!

I have many friends. One of them is my classmate Ma Hua.He is a League member and one of the best students in my class.He is fond of English and good at it. He often practises reading aloud. So he has a good pronunciation.

He is always ready to help others. With his help I have made great progress. I have made up my mind to catch up with him and to join the League in the near future.

题目：以心中大我 筑青春辉煌

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。

多年前，数千名交通大学的师生告别上海，扎根古都西安，为建设大西北，发展西部教育事业奉献出宝贵年华。其中“中国电机之父”钟兆琳先生，以花甲之年赴陕，满怀豪情带着学生在一片空地上建起电机实验室;陈学俊教授和夫人西迁前将上海的房产捐出，扎根在西北大地，为一事，尽一生……”“西迁人”将民族和国家置于的地位，“舍小家为大家”“心有大我”，一个个闪光的名字永远镌刻在交大西迁的史册上，成为“西迁精神”不可磨灭的注脚。

20__年4月22日下午，在陕西调研的新时代领路人，专程前往西安交通大学，参观西迁博物馆，勉励广大师生大力弘扬“西迁精神”，抓住新时代新机遇，到祖国最需要的地方建功立业，在新征程上创造属于我们这代人的历史功绩。

热血青春，永不凋零。这些西迁背后的故事跨越时空，至今依然让人热血沸腾，激励着当代青年奋斗前行，在新时代建功立业。

阅读材料后，作为新的历史时期的青年人，我们该如何走好自己的人生之路，相信“西迁人”已给出了的启示，某学校组织观看了“交大西迁”纪实片，并要求写一篇观后感，谈谈“年轻人如何扣好第一粒扣子”。

要求：自定立意，自拟标题，自选角度;不要套作，不得抄袭;不得泄露个人信息;不少于800字。

范文

读一本好书，是和许多高尚的人交谈，而看一部好电影，又能留给观者许多心灵的震撼。“交大西迁”中每一位讲述者铿锵的话语，时时震撼着我，他们“心中有大我”的万顷胸怀，时时鼓舞着我，让我每临事辄以西迁精神砥砺自己。在青春的交叉路口，选好自己的路，扣好第一粒扣子。

“上海的房子，后来我就送给了上海的房管局，留到现在，那是很值钱的……我觉得不可惜，我支援西北了……”这是陈学俊“心中有大我”的奉献精神。

陈学俊教授和夫人是第一批交大西迁人，他们捐献了上海的房子，扎根在西北大地，为一事，尽一生。这是一种美德的升华，这种美德就是无私奉献。“我将无我，不负人民。”新时代领路人的“无我”，其实质正是胸怀天下的“心中大我”。而我们，处于人生的转折点，书生意气，挥斥方遒，正应把奉献的精神传承下来，要学习张玉滚担起乡村教育的无私，要学习秦玥飞扎根黑土的坚韧，还要学习黄文秀义无反顾回到百色扶贫奉献自己的精神。作为青年人，去除心中的冷气，要心中有爱，眼里有光。当走出大学校门的时候，要到祖国最需要的地方，为心中爱的信念，为国家建设的新征程，在付出中收获甘甜，在奋斗中体味人生的快乐。

“不把西北开发建设出来，中国就没有真正的繁荣。”这是钟兆琳胸怀大局的家国情怀。

新中国成立之初，中美冷战、国际排挤，中央决定把沿海重工业内迁，而作为科技后盾的大学也必须内迁。上海交大便在西迁之列，交大师生毅然抛弃上海优裕的生活，来到周天寒彻、一派萧瑟的西安。此时的电机之父钟兆琳先生，已届花甲之年，他安顿好卧病在床的妻子，独自西去，他满怀豪情，带领学生在一片空地上建起了电机实验室。不惟钟兆林，每一个交大的西迁人，想的都是祖国的大家庭，他们认为：只要国家需要，就义无反顾。是呀，国是人的根，有了爱国之志，才能有这不渝的接力赛。而我们，作为国之“后浪”，定要像青年医师朱斌一样“以梦为马，不负韶华”，也要像护士长胡慧那样“为维护人民的生命健康安全奉献力量”，还要像扶贫干部马晓军一样“奋勇搏击，向党和人民交出满意答卷”。“为有牺牲多壮志，敢叫日月换新天”。在奔小康的路上，我们定将用我们的爱心与汗水，为祖国的锦绣献上自己的力量。

周恩来说：“中国革命发源于东南，成功于西北，青年要到最艰苦的地方去磨炼，太舒服了不能锻炼培养青年，应该去锻炼，经得起风霜。西北是苦，不仅有风而且有大风，引导青年克服困难，应该是求之不得的。”

西安，虽是风沙漫天，虽是凋敝不堪，虽是凄冷荒凉，但每一个西迁的交大人，都义无反顾，毅然西行。风越大，越能锻炼人的意志，培养人的才华。“西迁故交桑榆落，满园桃李旭日升”，如今西交大为大西北的建设培养了一批又一批的科技人才，这些西交大人，承袭了前辈艰苦创业的精神，为陆上“一带一路”经济带打开了筑梦的空间。而我们，作为年轻的追梦人，更应无惧无畏，带着青春与汗水，为国之所需，迈向碧海深空，走出人生辉煌的征程。

“胸怀大局，无私奉献，弘扬传统，艰苦创业”，这是交大西迁人的精神内涵，也更应是我们青年一代不变的情怀。壮志凌苍兕，精诚贯白虹。作为新时代的青年，我们必将以浓厚的爱国情怀、无私的奉献精神、无畏的吃苦品质，虑国之所需，筑青春辉煌!

2016年高考作文

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国朋友Peter写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括：

1．主题：环境保护；

2．展览时间；

3．投稿邮箱：.

注意：

1．词数100左右；

2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

One Possible Version

Dear Peter,

Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It

thwill start from June 15 and last for three

weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you show me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good

change

for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to . Hope to hear from you soon.

Yours,

Li Hua

What Kind of Jobs use to Work Overtime?

When it comes to overtime working, I believe manypeople will not happy but have experienced itbefore.

Do you think what kind of job usually needs to workovertime? I think it is the career like, designer.

When having task to design, they usually have to finish it in the arranging time.

In most cases, the time is very limited.

So, nearly every time they have new task, they have to work overtime.

Sometimes they have to work over night.

Of course, there are some peoples job property is similar to designer also need to work anextra shift.

Thus, I think the people like designer will have more chances to work overtime.

[关于加班的高考满分英语作文

《传奇不落，跨越不息》

十四年岁月，黄尘清水，巍巍京城，再展辉煌，十四载风云，水立方到冰立方，城际铁路到智能高铁，华夏之光芒熠熠，大风泱泱，大潮滂滂，十四度春秋，你我从牙牙学语走向壮志盈怀，满目光芒，双奥之城览祖国复兴之路，体育之光映祖国蓝图之宏，青年之志载祖国未来之明，你我共立于时代潮头，当看前景广阔，青云万里，传奇不落，跨越不息。

“征程万里云鹏举，笃力奋楫开新篇。”跨越不息，看体育事业蓬勃发展，双奥之城溢彩流光。

从陈燮霞力克强敌，勇夺首金，到谷爱凌挑战自我，超越极限，从郭晶晶视觉盛宴般的动作，到苏翊鸣行云流水间创佳绩，两次“历史最好成绩”闪耀，见证华夏儿女前行。从“文明其精神，野蛮其体魄”之言，到“增强我国竞技体育的综合实力和国际竞争力，加快建设体育强国步伐”的指示，体育是身体上的挑战与超越，更是精神上的无畏与昂扬。全民健身到三亿人冰雪运动，我们一同用拼搏诠释青春岁月，用汗水昭示梦想赤诚。

“乔木亭亭倚盖苍，栉风沐雨自担当。”跨越不息，看祖国发展日新月异，民族未来万里长空。

回首往日，祖国在近代的灰烬中站起，改革开放，脱贫攻坚，终在乱云飞渡的时代踏浪前行。流逝者为光阴，飞跃者为祖国。是生产总值与经济增长，是鸟巢的污水再生，冬奥的清洁火炬，智慧场馆、精准预报彰显中国智慧;当纳米线路在中国的土地盘旋交织，当银色的航天器满载梦想远征深空……科技似春日之百卉萌动，如榉木之华盖苍苍，祖国亦破茧成蝶，涅槃成凰，放眼未来，亦必是雾霭消散，瀚海蓝天，一碧万顷。

“鸿志薄云无愧怍，百年饮冰血不凉。”跨越不息，看中国青年接力奋斗，书写明日璀璨华章。

是李知明等积极投身志愿工作助力冬奥开展，是黄文秀“挺肩担起山溪月，投足踏平阡陌尘”，扶贫路上丹心透;是戍边英雄陈祥榕“清澈的爱只为中国”，皑皑昆仑，无言丰碑;是钟芳蓉初心不改，守传统璞玉，毅然逐梦留伟岸背影……你我以自强不息启程，以至诚无息前行，共同展开祖国未来的画卷，化作壮阔乐章中的音符，穷山蹈海，犹不可限，鲸波万里，一苇以航。

宋儒张载有言：“为天地立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世开太平。”双奥之精神如日月昭昭，星辰离离。体育发展，科技进步，祖国富强。你我即将接过时代的炬火，于是爝火成燎原之势，涓流兆江河之形。未来花开平野，万里长空。祖国传奇不落，青年跨越不息，共向前方的机遇与挑战，共筑祖国未来之辉煌。

Dear Tony,

This was you takes the pen pal to accompany me the 3rd year. I am very happy, has your accompanying in these three years. Under yours care, I realized the warm feeling. I to have you such pen pal to feel proud. In these three years, can and you shares mine some happy matters be my being honored. Thanks time which your for three years accompanied me to pass. I hoped that we can forever be the friends.

Yours

Lily

导语：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒，练习英语写作也是一样，三天打鱼两天晒网是不行的，必须得持之以恒的练习，才会有进步。下面是yuwenmi小编为还在备考的同学整理的优秀英语素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.

依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。

2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.

最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。

3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.

没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。

4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.

人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。

5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.

越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。

6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。

7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.

许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。

8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful

effects of international tourism.

应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。

9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.

越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。

10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.

许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。

11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。

12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.

一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

13. A proper part-time job does not occupy students too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.

任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.

当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。

16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.

考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。

17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.

大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。

18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.

无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。

19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。

20. No one can deny the fact that a persons education is the most important aspect of his life.

没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.

人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。

22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.

在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。

23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.

事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。

24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.

我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。

25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。

26. The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.

从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。

27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.

现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。

28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.

这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。

29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:

我同意后者，有如下理由：

30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.

在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。

31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.

这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。

32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information Ive collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.

尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.

环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。

34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.

考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。

35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to peoples physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.

使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。

36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.

尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。

37. Bicycle cant be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.

在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。

38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。

39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.

当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

40. This issue has caused wide public concern.

这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.

必须指出学习只能靠自己。

42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a persons education is a most important aspect of his life.

许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。

43. As for me, Im in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：

44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.

人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。

45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.

即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。

46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.

人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。

47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.

现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。

48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.

一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。

49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.

对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。

50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.

对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students doing a part-time job.

对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。

52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.

通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。

53. Although peoples lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day

近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。

54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.

因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。

55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.

通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。

56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less

laborious.

人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。

58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.

同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。

59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。

60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.

第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。

61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。

62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.

根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。

63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.

通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。

64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.

近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。

65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.

许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.

但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。

67. As for me, Im firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:

就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：

68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.

另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。

69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.

由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。

70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.

近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。

71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.

这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。

72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.

许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。

73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.

首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。

74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.

孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。

75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.

第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。

76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.

当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。

77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.

而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。

78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldnt be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。

79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.

现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。

81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.

父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。

82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.

然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。

83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.

尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。

84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。

85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.

应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。

86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.

只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。

87. But is it really the case? The information Ive collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.

这是真的吗?这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。

88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.

那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。

89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.

然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。

90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in peoples life and economic growth.

通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。

91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.

那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。

92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.

农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。

93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.

一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。

94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.

必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。

95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.

尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。

96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.

许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。

97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.

建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平;应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。

98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.

总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.

尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。

100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.

我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。

121. on the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.

一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。

122. students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.

离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性

123. whats more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.

而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。

124. on the other hand, the contribution of day schools cant be ignored.

另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。

125. due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.

因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。

126. since it is unnecessary to consider students routinelife, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.

由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。

127. furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.

而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。

128. from what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.

通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。

129. there is much discussion over science and technology. one of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.

关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡?

130. as for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.

我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。

131. in the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132. although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133. in the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134. although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in peoples life, an increasingevidences show that it is less useful than many people think.

尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。

135. from what has been discussed above, i firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. the maintenance of the traditionaltechnology and methods is futile.

通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。

136. at the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.

当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。

137. nothing is more important than to receive education.

没有比接受教育更重要的事。

138. we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.

我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。

139. there is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.

无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。

140. it is universally acknowledged that trees are

indispensable to us.

全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。

141. there is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.

毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。

142. an advantage of using the solar energy is that it wont create any pollution.

使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。

143. the reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.

我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。

144. so precious is time that we cant afford to waste it.

时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。

145. rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。

146. the harder you work, the more progress you make.

你越努力，你越进步。

147. the more books we read, the more learned we become.

我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。

148. to average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that english often means a good opportunity for ones career, is this really the case?

对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗?

149. by taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.

通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。

150. listening to music enables us to feel relaxed.

听音乐能使我们放松。

151. on no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。

152. it is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

153. those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.

违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。

154. there is no one but longs to go to college.

人们都希望上大学。

155. since the examination is around the corner, i am compelled to give up doing sports.

既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。

156. it is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.

可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

157. summer is sultry. thats the reason why i dont like it.

夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。

158. the progress of the society is based on harmony.

社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。

159. we should bring home to people the value of working hard.

我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。

160. taking exercise is closely related to health.

作运动与健康息息相关。

161. we should get into the habit of keeping good hours.

我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。

162. the condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.

我们的交通状况令人不满意。

163. smoking has a great influence on our health.

抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。

164. reading does good to our mind.

读书对心灵有益。

165. overwork does harm to health.

工作过度对健康有害。

166. pollution poses a great threat to our existence.

污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。

167. we should do our best to achieve our goal in life.

我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。

168. weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.

家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。

169. as is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.

众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。

170. today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. in order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.

现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。

171. from what i have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on tv has great influence on youngsters behavior.

从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。

172. there are two reasons for the improvement in peoples living conditions. in the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.

人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。

173. my suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. to begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.

我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。

174. people differ in their attitudes towards failure. faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. others, however, lose heart and give in.

人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。

175. it is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。

176. as a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. on the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. people in many countries are suffering from public hazards.

常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。

177. lets take cars for example. they not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. the noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。

178. it is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。

179. there is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.

毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。

180. additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

从每年的考试情况来看，很多同学能完整地按照要求把文章写出来，但得分却较低。实际上，高考英语书面表达是一个分值颇高且易得分的题型，只是很多同学没有掌握得分技巧。下面我们一起看看怎样才能让高考作文“拽”起来。

一、几点重要原则

1.智者利用押题，傻子依赖押题!

2.书面表达整篇背诵绝无必要，可以以看读为主，关键是从中汲取一些常用的词汇和表达，并能得体熟练地运用。考场上应变能力很重要!

3.英文写作模仿很重要。有时也很有效。但不能过于牵强，尤其是对一些长难句的刻意模仿使用。

4.文似看山不喜平，起承转合一定要有!

5.“见微知著，一叶知秋”，几个亮点足矣：有道是：浓妆淡抹总相宜，作文写得简洁到位要比长篇大论更显功力。

6.心不为形役。不要身陷逐字逐句“英汉对号”式的字面翻译，要把表达的主动权始终握在自己手里。

二、善用万能句以不变应万变

历届高考，书面表达考得最多是提示作文，即提供一定的情景内容，要求考生完成100词左右的短文。

从命题方式看，有短文提示、要点提示、图画提示、情景提示以及图表提示等；体裁以应用文为主，记叙文为辅：题材为广大中学生所熟悉的日常生活。从提供要点的情景方面看，历届高考书面表达题均属供料小作文，采用文字供料或文字说明加图画(图表)的方式供料。

备考时，同学们要利用有限的时间把以前背的范文整理一下，从中选出不同体裁、不同题材的范文各一篇(范文以高考真题的高分作文为佳)，把它们重新记忆，一定记牢。这样，高考时不管什么样的文章都可套用背诵好的格式。避免考场上因紧张而无章可循。

最后阶段，还要总结一下写作时常用且能出彩的固定句型、句式，比如强调句型、定语从句、名诃性从句等，牢记英语的五个基本句式，背诵平时老师总结的万能句。以不变应万变。

考场答题前，应仔细审题，研究所提供的文字和图画(图表)材料和作文要求。分析、提炼要点，理顺要点，确立基本的写作思路，不要忽略任何一个词。关键的词更不能遗漏，构思好写几个方面，缺一不可。

写作时，尽量用学过的英语句型和词组。少写长句和复杂句以免弄巧成拙、漏洞百出。但目前高考有关书面表达的评分标准要求作文中应有“较多的语法结构和词汇”，因此同学们在书面表达中不能都写小句、短句和单句，还要正确运用高级词汇和复杂结构。恰当运用过渡词，使写出来的文章含金量更高，更具可读性。

三、高分作文六大特性

1.条理性。指的是合理安排文章结构。首先，在文章思路、组织材料、叙述顺序等方面要有一定的条理性。其次。根据需要，安排好段落，各段之间要层次分明，也要重视每一段的开头和结尾，开头语往往是总起句，结尾语往往是总结句。

2.准确性。指要求写出语法正确的句子，包括时态、语态、用词和句法等，要准确、地道地表达。必须要牢牢掌握一些常用句型或习惯表达，避免中式英语，在实践中不断总结中英用法的差异，养成用英语思维写作的习惯。

3.流畅性。指根据整篇文章思想的需要，有效采用不同的连接手段，使文章层次清楚、行文连贯。

4.简洁多样性。简洁性就是语言简洁，不重复。多样性就是能随情景内容的变化写出句式多样的语句。这也是新课程标准对写作的评价标准。

5.思想性。新标准对写作的要求，增加了情感因素，在准确流畅表达写作要点的同时，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的。

6.美观性。指的是卷面书写规范、清楚、干净、整洁。

四、怎样才能有‘拽”的感觉

1.高考写作的实质——变相考查句型与词汇的灵活应用

英语写作不同于语文作文的写作，如果说语文作文是一个自由发挥的舞蹈，那么高考英语写作就是带着枷锁在跳舞。我之所以这样来形容，是因为高考英语写作的内容都已经通过文字、表格、图片这三种形式给定，内容方面，不需要学生进行发挥，大家所需要发挥的就是不要老去给这个不变的内容穿毫无变化的校服(简单句)，而要去穿一些不一样的衣服，让它显得不那么单调，让阅卷老师能看到不同，而那些所谓的衣服也就是多变句型与词汇。

2.写作的评分标准——怎么去迎合评卷老师的胃口

我了解到目前很大一部分学生的作文都处在15分左右，写作满分25分，15分也就是个及格分，那么15分和20多分的作文到底差在哪里?这个问题很容易回答。15分的作文中规中矩，该对的都对，包括内容要点的完整，语法与词形的正确，但是全都是简单句子的堆砌，没有任何亮点。而20多分的作文在句型词汇方面就做了很好的包装，它的句子穿的衣服已经不是校服，而是李宁、耐克，或者是阿迪，所以让人觉得很“拽”，而高考英语写作要的就是这种很“拽”的感觉。

3.写作提分的三要素——句型。连词。高级词汇

句子是我们写作文最大的单位。有了漂亮的句子。用好的连词将其连句成段，再加上一些如星星般亮点词汇的点缀，一篇好的高考英语作文就诞生了。而这三个因素中最容易把握的是句子，最难的是高级词汇，限于大家的词汇还比较有限。一篇文章中出现那么一两个就够了。我们应该把重心放在句型上，因为这个最容易把握。

但是大家又有这样的困惑，学校里老师也给了我们很多的句型啊，动辄成五十上百句的，大家背得挺多，但是面对考试的时候，发现背的那些怎么也用不上。其实不是那些东西没有用，而是它们太干了，就好比一根干骨头，大家嚼起来很没有味。也不知道该把它们往哪里放。

在这里我给大家提供一种比较切实可行、迅速提高的练习方法，在接下来的时间里只要大家按照这个方法来，就一定会有收获。

找出历年真题，一周只需要写两篇。但是要这么来写。

1.把你要写的内容要点用九到十句的汉语表达出来。

2.逐一地进行翻译，不是用简单句。而是要刻意地去想：

(1)可以用什么样的复杂句；

(2)怎样去避开不会的表达，转义。

例如：

这本书是如此的有趣，以至于我读了一遍又一遍。

1.This book was so interest，ing that l read it again and again，

2.This was such an interest，ing book that l read it again andagain，

3.This was s0 jnteresting abook that l read it again and a—gain

4.So interesting was thisbook that l read it again and a—gain

这四句译文当中无疑评卷老师最欣赏的是第四句，因为它用了倒装。

4.如何备考

其实这种思维大家都有。但是没有成为一种思路，让它能在考试中起到作用，那是因为大家练得少。英语写作处在一种很尴尬的境地，一方面大家要分数。但另外一方面大家一个学期里写的作文也就是期中期末的两篇。毫不夸张地说，有的学生上了三年的高中可能只写了六篇作文，所以练习是很重要的，要是现在不练而把高考当练习。那么作文只拿14、15分也合情合理了，到那时你不要骂评卷老师不公平，而应该问问自己备考的时候为什么不多练几篇。时间都是挤出来的，希望大家可以挤出时间来练写作。

题目：《后浪》是一个弥合“代沟”的积极尝试

阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。(60 分)

今年的五四青年节，某站献给新一代的演讲视频《后浪》走红网络。诠释了年轻人表达自我、拥抱世界的态度，传递出青年人面对未来开放、积极、正面的力量;同时也寄寓了上一代人打破偏见、拥抱接纳的情怀，传达出对青年人的欣赏、赞美和诚恳的敬意。演员何冰短短3分多钟的演讲里，金句频出：

一个国家看的风景，就是这个国家的年轻人。

那些口口声声一代不如一代的人，应该看着你们，像我一样，满怀羡慕。

弱小的人，才习惯嘲讽与否定;内心强大的人，从不吝啬赞美与鼓励。

你们有幸遇见这样的时代，但时代更有幸遇见这样的你们。

不用活成我们想象中的样子，我们这一代的想象力，不足以想象你们的未来。

读了以上材料，你有什么感想?请谈谈你的理解和体会，不少于800字。

范文

五四青年节之际，某网站发布了一个“献给新一代的演讲”——《后浪》。“所有的知识、见识、智慧和艺术，像是专门为你们准备的礼物”“从小你们就在自由探索自己的兴趣”“年轻的身体，容得下更多元的文化、审美和价值观”……对年轻人的羡慕、点赞、致敬，引发广泛讨论。

青年“如初春，如朝日，如百卉之萌芽，如利刃之新发”，是整个社会中最积极、最有生气的力量。曾几何时，一些人对年轻人“看不惯”，觉得他们“不着调”，有的甚至给年轻人打上“堕落的一代”“叛逆的一代”等标签，感慨一代不如一代。实际上，一代人有一代人的青春，一代人会以一代人的方式承担起属于他们的责任和使命。

新冠肺炎疫情肆虐，4.2万多名援鄂医务人员中，有1.2万多名是“90后”，其中相当一部分是“95后”“00后”。若放在十多年前，一些人恐怕很难料想到，某一天，那些被他们称作“小皇帝”的一代人竟成为防疫战场上的“白衣天使”，危难当中的“真心英雄”，成为“苟利国家生死以，岂因福祸避趋之”精神的践行者。有人感慨说，疫情中发现“90后”“00后”突然长大了。其实，不是他们突然长大了，而是很多人对他们缺乏足够了解，疫情中的“现场直播”纠正了固有的偏见。

这也说明，不论时代怎样变化，精忠报国、经世济民、舍身忘我、九死无悔等根植于中华儿女血脉中的精神基因终将代代赓续;这还说明，青年人个性的舒展，往往并非真正意义上的“离经叛道”，嘟嘴卖萌、搞怪夸张，也并不影响他们于危难时刻挺身而出、英勇向前。

时代的车轮滚滚向前，一代人有一代人的特点。一些年长者对青年一代的思维方式、行为表现“看不惯”，有爱之切责之深的意味，但未必都科学和客观。反之，一些年轻人习惯于对年长者不耐烦，觉得它们老土、落伍，实际上他们对真善美的追求、对传统价值观的固守正是支撑社会滚滚向前的精神元气，永远不会过时。这种各自的固执即是“代际冲突”产生的根源。

美国文化人类学家玛格丽特·米德曾在她的《代沟》一书中担忧于“年轻人和年老人隔着一条深沟在互相望着……”当今，我们正处于世界百年未有之大变局，“代际冲突”的存在恰恰说明时代正在发生着伟大变革，我们要做的就是扬其长避其短，努力达到和谐发展的新境界。

《后浪》的特点就在于以欣赏的眼光去解读年轻人的生活方式，以赞美的态度去理解年轻人的精神世界，以诚恳的致敬去尝试与年轻人谈心沟通，以时代的变化为年轻人加油鼓劲!期待这种真诚谈心能够增进两代人互相理解、互相欣赏、互相尊重，促成“青丝与白发共勉、春华与秋实交辉”，推动前浪、后浪在时代的长河中惺惺相惜、美美与共，共同乘风破浪。

Mobile phones are the main invention of modern technology.They are completely part of our daily lives If we look at our society,we can see that all kinds of people are using mobile phones.Maybe they have many advantages,but they also experience drawbacks.

The main advantage of mobile phones is that people can use them anytime and anywhere,so they can use one for an emergency.in addition,people can access the internet whenever they use the mobile phones,so business people can use tem at work to get information from internet more convenietly Moreover,it is very easy to send messages to your friends.Mobile phones can make people keep intimacy in spite of long distance.Mobile phones are turning the world into a small vilage where we can commmunicate with each other easily and simply.Finally,another point in favour of mobile phonesis that you can avoid disturbing anyone when he is sleeping orworking because in that case people often turn off their mobile phones.

On the other hand,there are some drawbacks,too.Firstly,the most important disadvantage is the unknown effects on health in case of over-use.Scientists found that mobile phones can cause brain cancer.if you talk for so many hours,you are going to have headacheand ear problems.Secondly,the mobile phone stimulate home for the high cost of communication.If you are in 3 membered family,you would spend a lot of money on mobile phone.Because tow to three of family have it, it cost about 150-200D in a month.Furthermore,the inappropriate use of mobile phones could be bothersome.for example,it is very imppropriate to here a mobile phone ringing during a formal conversation,during a lesson,in a libraryor in a cinema.Finally,mobile phones waste people too much time.An Amerian survey show that the teen-ager will spend average 2 hours to send messagesevery day.

In conclusion, there are some benefits and drawbacks to mobile phones.personally,i dont like mobile phonesvery much,but i need use them.In my opion, mobile phones are good only if you use them correctly and politely,as in this case,all technology is beneficial!

手机是现代技术的主要发明。如果我们看看我们的社会，他们完全是我们日常生活的一部分，我们可以看到各种各样的人使用手机。也许他们有许多优点，但是它们也有不好之处。

移动电话的主要优点是，人们可以随时随地使用他们，所以在紧急情况下可以使用。此外，当人们使用手机访问互联网时，那么业务使用系统在工作中更实惠，而且能从互联网中获取信息，它也很容易将消息发送给你的朋友。手机可以使人们保持亲密关系，即时长期。手机是把世界变成一个小村庄里我们可以互相沟通更容易和简单。最后，另一个点有利于移动电话，当他睡觉或者工作时，你可以避免任何人打扰，因为在这种情况下，人们常常关掉手机。

另一方面，也有一些缺点。首先，最重要的缺点是过度使用手机，会对健康有一定的影响。科学家发现，手机会引发脑癌。如果你讲这么多小时，你将会有耳疾。其次，手机费用成本高。如果你是3个人的家庭，你会在手机上花很多钱。因为两到三个人的家庭拥有它，在一个月的费用约150 - 200兆。此外，手机的使用不当可能会麻烦一些。例如，在正式谈话，在上课中，在图书馆或者在一家电影院，手机铃声响不适当的。最后，移动电话的人浪费太多时间。经美国调查表明，青少年将花费平均一天2小时在使用手机上。

总之，移动电话有一些好处和缺点。就我个人而言，我不喜欢移动电话品种不多，但我需要使用它们。在我看来，如果你正确地、有礼貌地使用他们的手机是好的，在这种情况下，所有的技术都是有益的！

[手机的好处与坏处高考英语满分作文

今天我读了一则短文，短文中写的是杨振宁留学时，在实验物理方面很不顺，他选择了放弃，并在理论方面最终取得成就。读到这里我感触颇深。

在我们的一生中，选择几乎无处不在，面对选择时，每个人或许都有自己不同的答案，就像一个岔路口，无论前方的脚印的数目多少，也不代表你的选择，你的命运掌握在你自己手中。

其实，坐在这考场中的我们，不就正是一种选择吗?当初一天天数着日子的时候，当初不分昼夜的学习的时候，当初在电脑面前填写资料的时候，我们就已经做出了选择——我们选择了知识，选择了文化，选择了做一个有意义的人。而在人生中的一个岔路口，我，和大多数人一样，我，选择了那条无数脚印的路。

还记得那些曾经的选择吗?那些决定性的选择?

我，永远铭记着，那个夜晚。正是那个夜晚，在周恩来，朱德等人的领导下，南昌起义拉开了序幕，这不仅仅是打响了武装反抗国民党统治的第一枪，更是一个选择，他们选择了反抗，选择了斗争，更是选择了正义。面对血腥屠杀?面对黑洞洞的枪口?在我们选择了正义和反抗的时刻，这些就已经无足轻重了。

我，永远铭记着，那些法令。正是那些法令激化了美英之间的矛盾，使得美国独立战争爆发。哪怕他们曾经是一个国家，哪怕是英国占据的美洲大陆，哪怕英军的实力远远高于美军。但当英国选择了剥削，选择了压迫，选择了遏制一个民族的兴起，当他们选择了血腥、镇压、屠杀时。我明白，那些已经无足轻重了

面对着，历史中的硝烟战场，回顾着，历历在目的反抗与压迫，惦念着，数不胜数的民族英雄，他们之间有一个共性。当他们选择了正义，选择了真理时，他们选择了未来——他们将胜利。若有人选择了反动，选择了一己私利，选择了自私，选择了欺凌弱小时，他们选择了过去——他们将离开世界，被尘封在历史之中

选择决定成败，在以后，那遥远的人生旅途中，我们还有好远要走，这就像来到一个个陌生的城市一样，看见那一个个的岔路口了吗?那些就是考验你的时候了，那些就是留给你自己去选择的了。

用你的心去考虑，考虑你的选择，你自己的选择，因为它们决定着你的未来，未来的命运。

记住，选择决定成败。

1、学校的中央有一座教学楼。

There is a teaching building in the middle of the school.

2、楼的南边有一个游泳池。

As wimming pool lies to the south of the building.

3、楼的后面有许多树。

There are many trees behind the building.

4、楼的前边有一个小花园。

In front of the building lies a small garden.

5、楼的对面是宿舍。

Opposite the building is a dorm.

6、宿舍的旁边是食堂。

Beside the dorm stands the dining hall.

7、厨房和客厅挨着。

The kitchen stands next to the living room.

8、墙上挂着一张世界地图。

A map of the world hangs on the wall.

9、桌子下面有一只可爱的小狗。

There is a lovely dog under the table .

10、屋子的后面有一个书架。

At the back of the room is a bookshelf.