小学英语的教学反思范文（推荐20篇）

In the past, people tend to keep on the rail. No matter who doesn’t follow

the rules, he would be criticized by the public opinion. Nowadays, with the

rapid development of our society, more and more people recognize the importance

of creation. The development of our country, our society even ourselves need

creation.

First of all, creation is the most important factor to improve the ability

of our country. Some people think that the essence of the human civilization is

the result of creation. It is certain that in order to stand a good place in the

international circle, our country has to train the creative people, so that they

can make great breakthrough for our mother. However, if our people lack of

creation, we couldn’t realize our dream to become a great country in the world.

In addition, if people in the society are of innovation, it is easy to deliver

the talents to our country to win a better future. And with creative people, the

society can get a lot of benefit. For ourselves, creation also very important.

The obvious point is to improve people’s confidence. When people make some small

breaktrough, the y will get praise from others, which will make them feel

themseves smart and then become confidence.

All in all, as all of us know that how much importance creation for us. We

have to learn as much as possible knowledge to prepare ourselves to be creative

people. In other words, we have to study well to serve our county.

It was fine on March 12, I got up early that day . All the students in our school went to the hill to plant trees .

We arrived at the hill at eight oclock . The teacher asked each of us to plant at least six trees . Then we started digging , planting and watering . We all worked so hard that we could finish our tasks ahead of tim e.

Among us , our monitor set a good example for us . Though he was ill , he worked harder . When he finished his task , he went on to help others without even a little rest. He was wet all over after work .“ I must learn from him ,” I said to myself . Looking at the lines of the young trees , we smiled happily, forgetting our tiredness.

3月12日天气晴朗，那天我起得很早。我们学校所有的学生都到山上种树。

我们八点到达了山上。老师让我们每人至少种植六棵树。然后我们开始挖，种植和浇水。我们都努力工作，以便在天黑之前完成任务。

在我们中间，班长为我们树立了一个好榜样。虽然他病了，但他更努力工作。当他完成任务时，他继续帮助别人，连一点休息都没有。他下班后全身湿透了，“我必须向他学习，”我对自己说。看着小树的线条，我们高兴地笑了，忘记了我们的疲劳。

The Dragon Boat Festival, must not not include dumplings! Today, my sister is teaching me the dumplings! You see.

Make zongzi must be prepared. My sister was ready to soak for three hours of glutinous rice and bought the leaves, which surprised me.

I put my rice in the leaves, and I was all over the table, and I was angry. My sister said to me, "you want to make a triangular shape of the leaf and put the rice in it!"

So I did what my sister said, and pressed it on the rice. Whats in the middle of that dish? It was minced meat! I dug a small hole in the middle of the glutinous rice and made it into a round shape, stuffing it into glutinous rice and adding it to the glutinous rice. How can you seal it? I looked at my sister and knew everything.

I pressed down one of the warped leaves and pressed the rope hard. Success! I covered a lot of them in the previous method. Now its time to get the pot down, boil the water first, and then put the dumplings on.

After a while, the dumplings were cooked. The four of you sat at the table and ate the dumplings.

I untied the rope and was trying to remove the leaves, but when I touched it, it was hot. Her sister looked and laughed. I blew and blew the heat away. I again carefully will leaves open, eat up to her delicious dumplings - among all be stuffed glutinous rice, wrapped in a delicious meat, fresh juice in your mouth, no oil is not greasy, and chewy, feels so good!

So the Dragon Boat Festival in the past, his mouth to eat with his hand package dumplings, thought the tang dynasty poet du fu wrote poems: palace clothing is famous, dragon boat be reward. The wind is soft and the snow is light. When the weather is wet, lets go to the heat. The meaning is the length of the word, the whole life.

What a happy Dragon Boat Festival!

过端午节，一定少不了粽子!今天，姐姐就在教我包粽子呢!你瞧。

做粽子一定要有准备的。原来，姐姐已准备好浸泡了3个小时的糯米，同时也买好了粽叶，这样准备就让我大吃一惊了。

我把米放在叶子里，可米全撒在了桌上，我生气极了。姐姐对我说：“你要把叶子做成一个三角形的样子，然后再把米放进去啊!”

于是，我按照姐姐说的步骤作了一遍，在米上按了按，咦?旁边那个盘子中间放的是什么?原来是肉馅哦!我在糯米中间挖了一个小洞洞，把肉馅弄成圆状，塞入糯米中，让它也加入糯米的行列中。可怎么封好呢?我看了眼姐姐，就明白了一切。

我把翘起来的一片叶子按下来，并用绳子用力的扎紧。成功啦!我按照前面的方法，包了好多个。现在就要下锅了，先是把水烧开，然后把粽子放下去。

过了一会儿，粽子煮好了。大家四人坐在桌子旁，吃起了粽子。

我把绳子解开，正想把叶子摘掉，可我一碰，就被烫着了。姐姐看了，哈哈的笑了起来。我吹着吹着，把让热气吹走了。我再次小心翼翼的将叶子掀开，吃起了自己亲手做的香喷喷的粽子来——白白胖胖的糯米中间，包着一团鲜汁可口的肉馅，放入口中，不油不腻，又有嚼劲，感觉太好了!

端午节就这么过去了，嘴里吃着自己亲手包的粽子，心里想着我国唐代诗人杜甫写的诗：宫衣亦有名，端午被恩荣。细葛含风软，香罗叠雪轻。自天题处湿，当暑着来清。意内称长短，终身荷圣情。

这真是一个快乐的端午节!

One afternoon, people on the grasslands were celebrating the meeting, the people who celebrated were drinking, and a puppy saw it very strange.

It is a clever puppy, eyes round, ears small, tail like a snail shell rolled, the body chubby, wearing a black and white plush clothing, very cute.

The puppy found that there was a bottle on the grass, the bottle was filled with water, it looked east, and the West looked, everyone was in and something like that, and it wished to try it, and it saw a ladys elegant straw Drank it on the grass to find it, and finally found a straw, it put the straw into the bottle, forced to suck, "ah! Really bitter ah!" Puppy said, but also desperately shook his head Thinking, "I can not drink in the future, too hard to drink, I want to tell my brother. Sister do not drink this hard to drink bitter.

How cute little puppy i love cute puppy.

早在几天前，街道上就摆满了粽子，到处飘散着粽子的清香。今天终于可以吃到妈妈做的香喷喷的粽子了。因为端午节到来了。

As early as a few days ago, the streets were filled with zongzi, and the

fragrance of zongzi wafted everywhere. Today, I can finally eat the delicious

zongzi made by my mother. Because the Dragon Boat Festival is coming.

妈妈真是了不起，能做出好几种不同味道的粽子，有红枣粽子、豆子粽子、蛋黄粽子，还有我最喜欢吃的肉粽子。粽子刚一出锅，我和哥哥便你争我抢，生怕自己少吃了一个。

My mother is really amazing. She can make several kinds of zongzi with

different tastes, including red date zongzi, bean zongzi, egg yolk zongzi, and

my favorite meat zongzi. As soon as zongzi is out of the pot, my brother and I

will fight for it from you for fear that we will eat one less.

正当我们准备把粽子送入嘴里的时候，爸爸走了过来，微笑着说：”你们知道端午节为什么要吃粽子吗?“我们异口同声地回答：”为了纪念屈原!“”对!那你们知道为什么要纪念他呢?“我和哥哥你

看着我，我望着你，直摇头。”在春秋时期，爱国诗人屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略，心如刀割，但又不忍舍弃自己的祖国，所以在五月初五抱石投汨罗江身死。以后，在每年的五月初五，就有了赛龙舟

、吃粽子的风俗，以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。

Just as we were about to put zongzi into our mouths, Dad came over and

smiled and said, "do you know why we eat Zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival?" we all

replied in unison, "in memory of Qu Yuan!" "yes! Then why do you remember him?"

my brother and I looked at me and I looked at you and shook our heads. " In the

spring and Autumn period, Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet, saw his motherland being

invaded and his heart was cut like a knife, but he could not bear to give up his

motherland, so he threw stones into Miluo River on the fifth day of May and

died. Later, on the fifth day of May every year, there was the custom of dragon

boat racing and eating zongzi, in order to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu

Yuan. "

我和哥哥点了点头，原来端午节还有这样的意义。今天不仅吃到了香喷喷的粽子，还让我收获不少。

My brother and I nodded. It turns out that Dragon Boat Festival has such a

meaning. Today, I have not only delicious zongzi, but also a lot of harvest.

小学英语作文:我的朋友( My Friend)

我的朋友

Im Sally .I have a friend.He name is Bess. She is nine.Shes very cute. She has two big oyes and a small nose, We are in the sane school.We are learning and playing togethar. She likes dolphin and purple. I like dolphin and purple,too.

We are good friend.

1、思想重视的不够

随着各种教学法涌入我国，对我国英语教学影响最大的当数“听说法”和&ldquo,日记;视听法”。这些教学法提倡将英语作为一门工具来对待，侧重学生语言技能的训练。然而，我们在着意于口头技能培养的同时却忽略了书面阅读和写作，在强调语言结构形式的反复操练的同时却忽略了学生语言能力的培养，从而导致教师和学生轻视英语写作现象的产生。

2、写作素材的缺乏

教师对小学英语写作究竟要写些什么缺乏明确的认识。大部分写作练习表现为简单机械的抄写，学生容易完成，老师易于批改，但写作内容与学生生活缺乏练习。

3、母语文法的束缚

小学生刚刚接触英语，在表达的过程中难免受到母语的构词法、语法和思维方式的影响，用汉语的方式组词或组句，以至于出现大量的文法错误，让人啼笑皆非。

Time flies. In the past six years, primary like by the breeze. May the joy of my school to make my unforgettable. It is recorded in the process of growing I recorded my dribs and drabs, after the success of joy, also with my hard sweat...

Remember the sports meeting, our class in the class, and sports scores and back to the moral FengShangJiang two awards. This news, as a member of the class is glad I. "Because," the relay a key for my class won the honour.

Until now, I even never chu remember classmates in the preparation of the determination and the spirit of striving, when there is a classmate off, they quickly grabbed the baton toward the opposite end, every student rushed the look in the eyes are filled with firmness: it is certain to win. In the game of "red-hot", in the first player to finish in the "go" by NaHanSheng neutralization of cheering, we won!

When the footprints on the school playground strings, when the sunset dyed red in the face, we when we heartily cheers and flip the moment, are deeply in my memory album frames. The red in the face and smile and smile and even the waist. I know, that is the joy of success to my school.

People always complain time is limited, they want to have more time to do more things, but the time stops them. Actually, I once feel my time is less while others have a lot of time to do what they want. I start to think about myself, I realize that I always waste my time on playing computer games, so I decide to not to play computer games.

人们总是抱怨时间是有限的,他们想要有更多的时间做更多的事情,但时间阻碍了他们。实际上,我曾经觉得我的时间很少而其他人有很多时间去做他们想做的事情。我开始思量自己,我知道我总是把时间浪费在玩电脑游戏,所以我决定不玩电脑游戏。

Usually, the Valentine’s Day has no connection with the traditional Chinese

festival, but this year, the Lantern festival falls on the same day with the

lovers’ day. Well, some young will face a dilemma，especially for those who

doesn’t get married. Should they spend the day with their families or their hot

lovers? That’s a question. I’ve got a key that can solve this problem.

Family comes first of course. You should wake up a little earlier in the

morning, and help your mother in the kitchen. On the Lantern Festival, making

rice balls and dumplings are the traditional activities. Having a reunion dinner

with the whole family is also very important, so you need to show up and stay

with your family for the whole morning. Spend some time with your family. Keep

them company and make them happy. In the afternoon, there are maybe not so busy,

you can plan for the Valentine’s Day with your girlfriend or boyfriend, you can

have some snacks in 4p.m, and tell your parents you will hang out with your

friends at night and not having supper at home tonight. They would be

understood. Then you can take your girlfriend or boyfriend to a nice restaurant

and see the latest movie after dinner. Do not forget to present the gift you

prepare for your lover. Make your lover happy, too.

I think everybody should find a balance between family love and lover’s

love. If I can only choose one, I will choose family love over the other.

Because I know my family never leaves me and my parents are aging. How many days

can I still be with them? So I really appreciate the days that I can still be

with them. I know you will do the same just like me.

Today is Mid-autumn Day. I have a big meal at home with my parents and

relatives. This is an important festival, so my mother was busy with preparing

the dinner from morning. She bought a lot of foods for the dinner. We ate the

dinner at 5:30 p.m.. The dinner was very delicious. I was so full. After dinner,

we went to theHongTingParkto enjoy the glorious full moon. There were many

people in the park. We talked to each other and strangers. Of course, the moon

cake was essential. We had a great night there.

翻开中国文化的历史，古诗文作为中华民族上下五千年的文化瑰宝，以其精炼的语言，丰富的想象，真挚的情愫传唱不衰，成为中国文化史上一道靓丽的风景线。很多脍炙人口的名句格言，传遍穷乡僻壤，市井俚都。孔子曰：“不学诗，无以言。”诗言志，文传情。常吟古诗文，可以增长学识，陶冶性情，还可以培养对中国语言文字的兴趣和敏感力，有益于培养学生的诗学素养。或许，古诗文就像一杯陈年醇香的佳酿，滋养着炎黄子孙的血脉；又如一枚磁石，凝聚吸引着中华民族的魂魄。“小时能背，终身难忘。”在孩子们古诗文的积淀过程中，经历着“学知―习行―养性”的过程。那么，如何培养小学生诵读经典诗文的志趣？结合自身的教学实际，我做了一些探索性的尝试，与大家一起分享。

一、趣浓劳轻，乐学不倦

（一）“晨读乐”。每天，我安排了“课前一诵”，利用晨读和课前5分钟的时间进行教读，朗读，齐诵，并安排学生依次到讲台上声情并茂地朗读、领读或者背诵，从而调动了学生的学习积极性。还让学生广泛搜集诗文故事和作者趣闻，通过班级故事会的形式，评选出班级“故事大王”，以培养学生的口头表达能力；并对表现出色的学生及时给予鼓励。

（二）“诗配画”。古诗词具有音美、意美、形美的特点，我提倡学生根据诗意，为古诗配上图，展开合理的想象，以画来体会诗文的意境，体会诗人丰富的人生感悟。这一活动极大的调动了学生的积极主动性，为了使自己绘制的作品能为大家所喜爱，他们投入了极大的热情，逛跑书店、请家长上网查找、收集相关资料，精心设计画面，规范工整的书写......最后，我们在班内举行展评，被选入的学生其高兴程度可想而知，从而掀起了学生学诗的热潮。

（三）“我是诵读小能手”。随着学生对古诗文兴趣的不断提高，他们积累的古诗也日益增加，这时我就在班内举行形式不一的古诗文诵读活动，如两人赛读、小组竞赛、男女生对抗赛，进行限时背、轮换背、接力背等形式，激发了学生的背诵的积极性，丰富学生的知识储备量。每一个月，我还在班上举行“诵读小能手”比赛，评选出班级中背诵古诗数量最多的同学，并给予表彰奖励，一张小小的喜报，一本薄薄的练习本，一颗小白兔奶糖，一阵掌声，一个拥抱，这是多么的微不足道的奖赏，却让学生受到了极大的鼓励，使得同学们背诵的积极性日益增加。一年级上学期，我们本班的孩子已经背诵完《百家姓》，本学期，我们还邀请到了古诗文讲解专家亲临班级对学生进行《弟子规》的解读，现在我们即将背诵完《弟子规》，正打算向《千字文》进发。

二、随风潜入夜，润物细无声

（一）音画共享，感受意境美。古诗文有很强的音乐美和节奏美，而且诗中有画、画中有诗，一首诗往往就是一幅山水画，一幅田园风光图。根据这些特点，我在教学手段上采取相应的音画措施，力求达到入情入境的教学效果。如我在教学《画》《咏鹅》《春晓》《春居》等古诗时，我会精心选择适合古诗意境的古典音乐，让孩子在美妙的旋律声中去感受古诗的魅力，不用老师过多的讲解，孩子们在曼妙的音韵声中自由徜徉，自行感悟。

（二）及时推荐，有机训练。自从开展古诗文吟诵以来，学生会读、会背大量的古诗文，但是大部分学生都是在唱读，没有读出诗的韵味来。只有让学生在耳濡目染的过程中，才能更有效的接受诗词的熏陶。因此，我充分利用班级文化阵地，营造吟诵诗文的氛围。将老师和学生推荐的古诗文题目荟萃于黑板的一角，每周定期更换内容，每日利用一定的时间让学生有感情诵读。或一唱三叹地吟读，或摇头晃脑地吟诵。学生读得有滋有味，声情并茂。在帮助学生读懂诗句的基础上，我通过朗读让学生体会诗的节奏和韵律，培养学生的语感，使他们在读中受到了美的熏陶。

三、忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开

陶行知指出：“行是知之始，知是行之成。”在实际教学中，我切实做到解放学生的双手、

让学生在行动中产生思想与智慧。长时间的诗文诵读使学生的积累量不断增加，俗话说“熟读古诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。因此我在学生熟读、理解的基础上鼓励学生今后试着创造写诗，这样学生不光深刻地体会了古诗内涵，也表现出了求新、求异的创作精神。正如新课标所说：“语文课程丰富的人文内涵对人们精神领域的影响是深广的，学习对语文材料的反应又是多元的。因此，应当重视语文的熏陶感染作用，注意教学内容的价值取向，同时也尊重学生在学习过程中的独特收获。”

古诗文是中国最早的一种文学样式，作为一名新时期的语文教师，我们有义务让“古老”的歌谣传唱、延续下去，让我们借用诗的甘霖去滋润学生的心田，让每一个孩子都徜徉在浩瀚的诗海之中，让他们的心智沐浴在诗风里，使他们的思维动起来，想象飞起来，语言活起来。让学生从多彩的古诗文中去谛听到落叶的叹息、感受溪水的欢畅，探寻春花的芳踪！让孩子们在古诗文的百花园中深情诵读唇齿留香，看尽那满园春色！

Autumn to a field after the autumn rain, the fruit of the orchard mature. When I walked into the orchard, I was attracted to the fruit.

The first thing that catches my eyes is yellow pears. Look, that pear tree hanging a pear, like a gourd! A gust of wind blowing, pear shook his head, naughty you squeeze me touch, as if to say: "Come pick me! I am sweet and sweet "I finally could not help temptation, hand to pick one, but I did not pick, because I could not bear.

Go through the pear tree, I came to the banana tree, saw a tree banana tree sturdy tall and straight. A string of bananas hidden in the leaves, like the children of the month, like a fishermans boat, like my fathers sickle, like our children playing the "roundabout", but also like the fairy tale dwarf side by side in the cradle The I want to pick a string, but my mother said: "Only pick the banana can not eat, must go home to cover their yellow to eat."

The fruit of the orchard is so beautiful that the fruit of the orchard is too fragrant, and the feet of many children are painted, and they are sketched under the fruit trees, pick up the leaves, or eat the fruit. See all this, full of apples are laughing red face, persimmon tree also hung a red lantern.

This beautiful autumn orchard, I love you, could not bear to leave, really want to put the home here.

摘要：小学生的作文毫无新意没有任何新颖的内容和亮点，出现套用多年前的事例来写作。本文分析作文教学现状，根据实际教学中出现的各种问题，提出一些作文教学的创新策略。

关键词：小学语文;作文教学;方法;创新

小学作文教学工作开展并不理想，教学效率低下，许多人认为小学作文训练不是一项简单的工作，小学生没有写作的动力，他们也没有养成良好的积累习惯，没有具体的写作材料可以组织，导致他们在写作时出现流水账式的叙述，没有明确的中心意思表达，语句表意重复繁琐，更谈不上层次清楚和详略得当。大多小学生的作文都存在着言辞干煸、或过于堆积华丽词汇、或语句不通畅不流畅、或脱离实际、天马行空等情况。长久以来，人们只关注教师应该用何种方式去教学生，却没有设身处地换位思考过，如果我是学生，我会不会接受这种方式，这种方式对我是否有用，这是不是我喜欢的方式。小学生处于的特殊的身心发展阶段，写作能力比较弱，需要教师的悉心指导和创新教学方式，需要让小学生的作文更加贴近现实生活，让学生能够把今天或以往发生过的什么有趣的事情叙述清楚。老师要引导学生在日常学习和生活中做个有心人，收集和整理一些写作可用的人和事，坚持写好日记和周记，让作文更真实、更具体、更有生活气息。

I want to be a teacher since I was a child. When I was in primary school, I

was very admire the position of teacher. They are knowledgeable just seems that

there is nothing they don’t know. They treat us just like their children. They

care about our study,life and health. Since then, I have made my mine to be a

teacher in the future. I would like to be a kind and knowledgeable peron like my

teacher. So, being a teacher is my dream. I will try my best to study well to

reach my dream.

the longing summer vacation is approaching, it is the best part of the school year for me. i cannot let the holidays elapse (逝去) meaninglessly, my vacation should be a phase (时期、阶段) of harvest. the events in my plan should give me a sense of infinite potential.

the following plan may reveal the intensity of my desire to travel, work and study in this vacation. in the first few days i want to climb mount hua shan with several friends to refresh ourselves. then i tend to visit relatives, senior school teachers and former classmates(老同学). besides, to find out the best ways to cultivate my abilities, i will find a part time job and conduct some social investigation.

in short, i want to do interesting things in the summer vacation. whatever i do, the goal is the same: to get necessary experience, acquire knowledge and broaden my horizons. though the six week vacation will pass away at lightning speed, its influence is bound to last long.

这节课属于作文活动课，为了冲击同学的视听，激发同学的学习兴趣，调动同学的积极性，我使用了 flash 和 powerpoint，并为此进行了较为新颖的设计。

第一个环节为“实话实说”。在这个环节，我让同学说出一件自身最苦恼的事，并分析其原因和影响。第二个环节为“拨云见日”。在这个环节，我让同学协助他的朋友解脱烦恼。第三个环节为“爱心彩虹”。在这个环节，我让同学采访他的老师、家长或同学，让他们说出曾有的烦恼，他们给同学哪些寄语？同学又有哪些心得？第四个环节为“学海拾贝”。在这个环节，我让同学以“烦恼”编写名言警句，并说出他们对此的认识和感悟。在此基础上让同学以“生长的烦恼”为话题写一篇五百字左右的作文。

这节课就优秀教案而言是比较完整、比较新颖的，但是也存在许多缺乏，反思了一下，原因主要有三点：一是未能全面的调动同学的积极性，使所有同学都参与进来；二是生生互动还需再加强；三是过高估计了同学的能力。针对这三点原因，我在充沛反思的基础上又进行了教学再设计。

在多媒体的使用方面，我又增加了投影仪的使用，用投影仪把同学写的精彩的片段展示给大家，这样可以调动同学的积极性，使同学积极主动地参与到活动中来。为了增强同学的竞争意识、参与意识，我还给每个环节设立了一个奖项。“实话实说”环节，设“最佳倾诉人”奖；“拨云见日”环节，设“最佳智多星”奖；“爱心彩虹”环节，设“最佳小记者”奖；“学海拾贝”环节，设“最佳拾贝”奖。为了进一步促进生生互动，我在“拨云见日”这个环节，让同学四人一组讨论如何协助“最佳倾诉人”解脱烦恼，并选出最好的方法进行交流，看谁点子多，方法好。在“爱心彩虹”环节，我把同学课下采访改为当堂采访现场的老师和同学，以活跃课堂气氛，增强实效性。

对初中同学来说，编写名言警句有相当大的困难，因此，我把这项活动改为让同学课下搜集与“烦恼”相关的名言警句，并在课上交流对此的认识和感悟。

经过再设计之后，我相信这堂课会更完善，课堂效果会更好！

I have a good friend. Her name isSchoolBag. She is a very beautiful girl. Look! There is a picture on her face. Its a picture of a lovely girl. She wears a red coat. There are some books, some copybooks and a pencil case in her stomach. From Monday to Frid

ay, I go to school with her. She helps me a lot. And I like her very much.

i’m going to the sun on my holiday. i will go there by a spaceship. i will take a big blue spaceship。then i’ll pilot the spaceship to the sun. the sun is very hot. so i put on the super-shirt. in the morning, i will have some sun burger for my breakfast.

at eight o’clock, i will play with my friends there. they are super dog and super girl. super dog is white and black. super girl is very clever. super girl and super dog like to play with me. so i play with them for forty minutes. then i do my homework in my little red room on a small blue table. after my home work, i will have my lunch. i will eat sun salad. i will make some red toy bear to the sun babies. i will have red juice, red fish and red rice. all the things are red. then i need a lot of water on the sun because the sun is too hot. so i will walk to the spaceship. i’ll pilot the spaceship to the earth.

this is a good holiday on the sun.

中国将面对不可阻挡的全球经济一体化趋势的挑战，必须造就一代高素质的创新人才。人才的培养靠教育，语文教育更是责无旁贷的担当起这一重任。作文教学是语文教学的重头戏，理应着力培养学生的创新思维能力，而想象是思维的最基本的和最重要的形式。培养学生的想象力，对发展学生的创造性思维有着重要意义，是作文教学研究的一个重要课题。

一、作文教学与想象力的关系

什么是想象？想象是通过原有表象创造出新形象的思维活动。这种把原有表象创造出新形象的思维能力就是想象力。所以说，创造性是想象的突出特点。

作文教学是教师指导学生进行作文训练，培养学生作文能力的一种活动。作文是思想内容和书面表达形式的统一体，是道德、智力、技能诸方面的综合锻炼和综合反映，是富于创造性的语言实践活动，而一切创造性活动都离不开想象。英国诗人雪莱说：“想象是创造力。”想象力是人类智能的重要组成部分，是人的生活中不可缺少的智慧，可以说没有想象就没有创造。爱因斯坦说：“想象比知识更重要，因为知识是有限的，而想象力概括着世界上的一切，推动着进步，并且是知识进化的源泉。严格地说，想象力是科学研究中的实在因素。”①可见，想象力在科学发明和艺术创造中起决定性作用。作文教学的每一个环节都离不开想象力。用想象力激发学生的写作兴趣。根据儿童少年的生理心理的特点，他们想象逐步从无意想象发展到有意想象，想象的兴趣浓厚。如用“二十年的我”为题写一篇想象作文。有的同学把自己想象成一个天文学家，乘做宇宙飞船，解开宇宙之迷；有的同学想象自己成为著名的医生，攻克癌症等其它疑难病症，为人类作贡献等等。指导学生运用想象力去观察生活、积累材料。如见到了“水”你会联想到什么？有的同学说：“水，汹涌奔泻，如箭（飞驰），如马（奔腾），如虎（下山），威力无比，势不可挡。”有的同学说：“水如一面明镜，清澈见底，如我们的心灵，洁净无瑕。”运用再造想象去阅读古今中外的名作，积累丰富的语言材料。作文的立意新颖靠想象力去创造。例如给一个“×××”命题材料，要求学生展开想象力进行立意。经过讨论思考，出现了以下命题：“漫漫人生路，上下求索”、“我们需要经受磨炼”、“乘风破浪去远航”、“坎坷又何妨”、“坎坷也美丽”。

总之，想象力贯穿了整个作文教学之中，没有想象力，学生作文思路就会闭塞，内容空洞，立意不新。所以学生的写作欲望靠想象来燃烧，观察力靠想象来培养，立意新颖靠想象去创造，思路靠想象去拓展，人物形象靠想象去塑造，语言的色调靠想象去渲染。

由此可见，要提高学生的写作能力，就必须发展学生的创造性思维，首要的是培养学生的想象力。然而，教师在作文教学中对学生如何进行想象力的培养呢？

二、作文教学中想象力培养的途径和方法

写作能力涉及语言和思维两个方面。在语言习得方面，最基本的是语言的积累；在思维方面，最基本的是联想和想象力的培养。语言是思维的载体，思维是语言的内容，二者密不可分。教学大纲把语言材料的收集和积累，联想和想象力的培养作为作文训练的基本要求。

作文教学不仅是运用语言文字的训练，而且是一种严格的思维训练。学生从观察生活，认识生活，到产生感情，产生思想，直至构思文章，写成文章，是一个完整的积极思维活动的过程。教师在指导学生作文时，无论是审题、立意，还是取材、构思，都要突出一个“新”字。而想象力正是这个“新”字的具体体现。没有想象力，学生的作文也就失去了灵性。

1、培养学生的感悟能力

所谓“感”就是观察、感受；所谓“悟”就是体悟、思考。观察感受是基础，体悟、思考是升华。“感悟”包括对自然、社会、人生的感悟，对文学、艺术的感悟，也包括对现代科学思想的感悟。感悟既是情感的体验，也是理性的思考。没有情感的文章是苍白的，没有理性的文章是肤浅的。因此，作文教学要激发学生的情感，启迪学生的悟性。

感悟自然不仅可以培养学生的观察能力，而且可以陶冶学生的灵性。小至花鸟虫鱼，大至山川河流，非大自然不能陶其情，非大自然不能冶其性。回归自然，感受自然，就是回归人的天性。古人周敦颐从“莲之出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖”这种形象中，悟出人之“不同流合污，洁身自好”的高贵品质。伟人毛泽东的“一唱雄鸡天下白”，是通过对鸡鸣的感悟，说明了黑暗必将过去，黎明一定到来的社会发展规律。朱自清的《春》确是一篇优美的写景抒情散文，他通过对春天花、草、风、雨的观察描写，提炼出对人青春的“新”、“美”、“力”的高度赞美的新的主题。教师的激发引导，可引起学生的广泛兴趣。有一位同学在家偶然发现了“蚂蚁搬蜻蜓”这一现象，他感到十分奇怪，一只蜻蜓的体积比一只蚂蚁的体积何止大上千倍，但极少数的蚂蚁就可以抬走一只死蜻蜓。通过观察、思考，他悟出了“团结就是力量”这一人生的哲理。有一次，我出了一道“由菟丝子所想到的”作文思考题，让同学们到种豆的田地里细致地观察并向老农们请教，了解菟丝子的性能。后来我们仅用一堂课的时间，让同学们各抒己见，有的同学认为：（菟丝子本身不含叶绿素，无法进行光合作用），它把根扎在豆子身上，靠吸取豆子的营养来养活自己而导致豆子的死亡。大部分同学最恨它，说它是寄生虫，剥削者，务必要斩尽杀绝。有一位同学却不以为然，认为可留不可杀，理由是：菟丝子是一种珍贵的药材，可以明目，滋肝，补肾，止泻。（因为这位同学的父亲是位中医）通过观察、思考这些感性材料，通过联想想象，一篇篇立意较新的文章脱颖而出，如《助纣为虐，死有余辜》、《发家的财神，救命的菩萨》（因母病欠债，后收购菟丝子而发富）、《它山之石，可筑我巢》（从菟丝子借助豆子的营养来养活自己，发展自己，使其家族千秋万代，源远流长这个角度联想到我们今天借助外国的资金，先进技术，管理经验，经营方式来发展我国的经济）。从这个教学实践来看，我们领悟到，感悟能力的培养，促进了学生的想象力和发散思维的发展，从而大大地提高了学生创造力。

感悟的能力的培养不仅仅是感悟自然，并且要培养学生去感悟社会，这是开拓学生的生活视野的重要途径。让他们了解自己所处的生存环境，增强社会责任感，还要培养学生去感悟人生，让他们去认识别人，认识自己，树立正确的人生观和理想。

2、培养学生的阅读能力

写作和阅读密切相关，相辅相成。从阅读对写作的作用方面看，阅读是写作的借鉴，是读者间接认识生活的途径。读者在阅读过程中所了解的生活，所产生的情感共鸣，所获得的思想认同等等，这些对于提高读者的写作水平具有重要意义。在阅读过程中读者不仅可以获得对生活的感性体验，也可以获得对生活的理性认识。

创造性读写结合由阅读引发学生的联想、想象，激发创造思维，主要的形式有续写、扩写、改写、读后感、文章评论等。如授完鲁迅先生的小说《孔乙己》后，布置以《孔乙己之死》的续写训练。有的同学以孔乙己在笑声中出场到笑声中死亡这样的结局，揭示了人们愚昧麻木的病态社会；有的同学写孔乙己在冰天雪地的除夕之夜死在丁举人家的大门口，用对比的方式揭示封建科举制度的罪恶。再如把白居易的诗歌《卖炭翁》改写成一篇故事，要求通过合理的想象，把卖炭翁伐木烧炭的自然环境和其“心忧炭贱愿天寒“的矛盾心理以及“黄衣使者白衫儿”的那种仗势欺人的狂傲神态写出来，这些做法都是培养学生想象力的有效方法。

在课内阅读的基础上，还要加强课外阅读指导，以扩大学生的知识面。课外阅读并非遇文便读，要将作文与课外阅读结合起来，把阅读材料作为写作的对象，如涉及日常生活方面的、涉及文化生活方面的、涉及国内外中重大新闻方面的报刊时文。要求学生阅读古今中外的名著，包括文学，哲学，历史，科学著作等。这对提高学生的精神品质和文化修养是大有益处的。学生的精神品质和文化素质提高了，就会有独立思考的能力，想象力也会随之提高。

3、利用原形启发，培养想象力

所谓“原形”就是起启发作用的事物。人的创造发明，创立新事物的形象，常常受类似事物或模型的启发。鲁班从丝茅草割手得到启发，发明了锯子。如何提供“拟想”的原形是想象力训练的关键。教师要善于从学生生活或学习中熟知的事物中选择具有启发价值的原形训练学生的想象力。

根据下列的事物的提示，进行合理想象，写一篇议论文。

例如，气球：（1）傲气十足，无限膨胀，是毁灭的前奏。

（2）高瞻远瞩，洞察一切。

手术刀：凶相毕露，血迹斑斑，道是无情却有情。

粉笔：粉身碎骨，只是为了求得真知。

筷子：一生挑挑拣拣，到头来却一无所有。

在这一原形的启发下，学生立即打开了想象的大门，结果不少同学超越常规的思维模式，写出了不少蕴涵哲理的文章。也使学生认识到观察事物这种感性形象，通过想象，就会成为生活的哲理。

4、创设情景，引发想象力

创设情景是引发联想和想象的重要手段。情景的创设对表象的浮现起着重要作用。情景的创设要注意暗示表象之间的联系，使学生由此及彼地建立起表象之间的联系。例如，我设计了这样一道作文题：

树上有十只鸟，打死了一只，还有几只？

根据这一情景，同学们展开合理想象，立意新颖即可得满分。

这是一个老生常谈的智力题，我要求同学们除掉枪响打死一只，其他的鸟全惊飞了这一答案进行想象。同学们兴趣盎然，各自打开想象的闸门，通过几分钟的思考，便展开讨论，其结果大大出乎我的意料之外，收获匪浅，总结如下：

A、树上还有九只鸟。理由是：树上十只鸟中有两只老鸟（一公一母），八只小鸟。公鸟被打死，母鸟用翅膀在窝里保护着八只小鸟。立意：体现出伟大的母爱。

B、树上还有八只鸟。理由：树上十只鸟中母鸟被打死，公鸟逃之夭夭，只剩下八只小鸟。立意：批判贪生怕死之徒。

C、树上还有七只鸟。理由：树上十只鸟中一只小鸟被打死，两只老鸟惊飞，还剩下七只鸟抬头怒视。立意：团结一致，奋力抗争。

另外，我利用图片创设情景，展开学生的想象。

在一个医院的产房里，一个产妇刚生下孩子，躺在床上，旁边一个军人手提行李包，站在床前。

这张图片是在中越反击战期间拍照的。请同学们根据图片的情景，展开合理的想象，进行立意，较好的有以下两类：

A、题目为《迟到的父亲》。根据是：这个军人参加了中越反击战，等到凯旋归来时才回家探亲，体现出当代军人“为国为民”的崇高品质。

B、题目为《前线在召唤》。根据是：这个军人刚接到部队的命令立即返回部队参加中越反击战。他为了保卫国家正在向产后的妻儿告别，体现出当代军人“以国家利益为己任”的伟大精神。

总之，作文教学的最终目的是培养学生的创造性思维，在创造性思维中占有重要地位的首推联想和想象。所以，作文教学必须紧紧抓住想象力培养的这根主线，才能培养学生的写作兴趣，激发学生的思维灵感，打开思维的闸门，迸出思想的火花，创作高质量的作品。

Here is a small zoo. I like the tiger，although they are very ugly，but very imposing. Also has the national treasure panda，they are a little shy，does not dare to look at us. Who are those? they are elephants，you look at they to be huge，also has a point to be interesting. I do not like the lion，they compare the tiger clown，is also unimposing.

This is the small zoo.

3.Recently, three owls appeared suddenly on our campus. They made me think of my pet from childhood. When I was little, we had an owl at home. It was small, gray, and had two big eyes. We liked it very much. Every time I went home, it greeted me by making “goo-goo” sounds. We always played with it and talked to it. It would blink its eyes just like it understood what we were saying. It was like my best friend. But when the weather became colder, we forgot to keep it warm, and it died. It made us sad for a long time, and it also taught me how important it is to take care of animals.