高中优秀英语作文带题目汇编20篇

my sister likes always goes swimming in last summer she was very unlucky.

she put her clothes in an old was hard to lock she went to she played happily in the swimming hours later,she went out the water and took out the key to the soon she found she cant open it at spent about half an hour to open it but nothing course she couldnt wear a swimming suit and go was worry about it.

at last she was kicked the it opened!

导语：运用一些谚语可以给我们的英语作文加分哦，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.

吃一堑，长一智。

Like tree, like fruit.

有其因必有其果。

Manners make the man.

礼貌造就人。

Never neglect an opportunity for improvement.

抓住大好时机，切莫等闲错过。

Never too old (or late) to learn.

学到老，学不了。

No great loss without some small gain.

塞翁失马，安知非福。

No one can call back yesterday.

往日不复返。

No sooner said than done.

言而必行。

No sweet without some sweat.

不劳则无获。

Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

Nothing is impossible to willing mind (or heart).

有志者事竟成。

Nothing is impossible (or difficult) to the man who will try.

天下无难事，只怕不努力。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

患难朋友才是真朋友。

A friend is a second self.

朋友是另一个我。

A friend is best found in adversity.

患难见真友。

All time is no time when it is past.

光阴一去不复返。

Education has for its object the formation of character.

教育的目的在於培养品德。

An idle youth, a needy age.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Business before pleasure.

事业在先，享乐在後。

Diligence is near success.

勤奋近乎成功。

Diligence is the mother of good luck.

刻苦是成功之母。

Diligence is the mother of success.

勤奋是成功之母。

Actions speak louder than words.

事实胜於雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity.

逆境迎向昌盛。

Every brave man is a man of his word.

勇敢的人都是信守诺言的人。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己命运的建诛师。

Every man is the master of his own fortune.

每个人都是他自己的命运的主宰。

Failure is the mother of success.

失败是成功之母。

Faith will move mountains.

精诚所至，金石为开。

Friendship ---- one soul in two bodies.

友谊是两人一条心。

Grasp all, lose all.

贪多必失。

He alone is poor who does not possess knowledge.

没有知识，才是贫穷。

Health is above wealth.

健康胜於财富。

Health is better than wealth.

健康胜於财富。

He who does not advance falls backward.

不进则退。

Honesty is the best policy.

诚实是上策。

Hope is life and life is hope.

希望才有人生，人生要有希望。

Idle young, needy old.

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

If you dont aim high you will never hit high.

不立大志，难攀高峰。

I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort.

成功之道唯三点∶努力、努力、再努力。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. www.yyzw.com

只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻;尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。

A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.

远亲不如近邻。

Improve your time and your time will improve you.

珍惜时间，时间才会珍惜你。

In doing we learn.

行而知。

Industrry if fortunes right hand, and frugality her left.

勤勉是幸福的右手，节俭是幸福的左手。

In lifes earnest battle they only prevail, who daily march onward and never say fail.

在人生的搏斗中，只有日日前进不甘失败的人，才能获胜。

It is dogged (that) does it.

天下无难事，只怕有心人。

Judge not according to the appearance.

不要以貌取人。

Labour is often the father of pleasure.

勤劳常为快乐之源。

Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is perilous.

学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

2014年全国各地高考英语作文题目及范文汇总

地区

试用试卷

作文详情

北京

北京卷

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节(15分)

你给英国朋友Chris写一封信，内容包括：

1.你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游……

天津

天津卷

第二节： 书面表达（满分25分）

假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津， 得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生， 下学期将到你班学习。

请你根据以下提示， 给他写封邮件：（1） 表示欢迎……

河北

新课标Ⅰ卷

笫二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华,计划暑假间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）……

山东

山东卷

写作(满分30分)  作文题目：我喜欢的英语谚语  材料：某英文报社组织题为“我喜欢的英语谚语”征文活动，你有意参加。请从下面两句谚语中任选一句作为标题写一篇英语作文……

山西

新课标Ⅰ卷

笫二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华,计划暑假间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）……

河南

新课标Ⅰ卷

笫二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华,计划暑假间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）……

广东

广东卷

[写作内容]

请根据以下信息，写一篇关于移民火星的快讯

[写作要求]

只能用5个句子表达全部内容……

上海

上海卷

2014年上海高考英语作文题目为：学校英语报正在改版，拟从现有的三个栏目（健康、娱乐、文化）中去除一个，并从三个备选栏目（时尚、职业规划、读者反馈）中挑选一个纳入该报……

云南

新课标Ⅰ卷

笫二节书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华,计划暑假间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况（箭头所指内容）……

贵州

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

宁夏

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

西藏

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

内蒙古

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

浙江

浙江卷

第二节：书面表达(满分30分)

请以“one thing I’m proud of”为题， 用英语写一篇100-120个词的短文， 记述一见你自己认为得意的事情。要求如下……

江苏

江苏卷

第五部分：书面表达（满分25 分）

81. 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

[写作内容]

1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要……

广西

大纲卷

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”、请根据下列要求和你的想象完成短文、1、家庭……

陕西

陕西卷

第三节  书面表达（满分30分）

假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词……

江西

江西卷

第二节 书面表达

假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会……

黑龙江

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

吉林

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

辽宁

辽宁卷

假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活?创意无限”

(Innovations on Campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知……

海南

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

甘肃

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

安徽

安徽卷

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰……

湖南

湖南卷

Section C (25 marks)

Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.

学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计添加新功能来参赛……

湖北

湖北卷

第二节：短文写作（共1题；满分30分）

请根据以下提示，并结合具体事例，用英语写一篇短文。

Small things make a big difference. The small things we do can make us a responsible member of the society.

重庆

重庆卷

请结合材料，按要求用英文写作。

“My friend falls，I laugh;my phone falls，zxxkI cry"

要求：(1)就此材料发表你的看法……

四川

四川卷

第三节书面表达（共35分）

假设你是李夏，你的美国笔友Sam来信关心你参加高考的情况，请根据以下要点回信告知。

1.考试日期与科目；

2.考试准备情况……

福建

福建卷

如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。请认真阅读下面的引语(quotation),按要求用英语写一篇短文……

青海

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

新疆

新课标Ⅱ卷

2014年内蒙古高考英语作文题目

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

57.假定你是李华，自制一些中国结（Chinese knot）。给开网店的美国朋友Tom写封信，请他代卖，要点包括……

The Pregant Teenage Girl

Recently, a girl who was born after the year of 2000 showing a picture of her pregant image in Weibo. This teenage girl wrote down the words that she was busying giving birth to a child for her so called husband, who was also a teenager. Soon this picture became the hot issue. People were so shocked by the girl’s young face, which looked so innocent and she was just no more than 16!Such a young girl surely did not have the ability to raise a kid, what’s more, they even did not figure out the meaning of responsibility. The problem of family education was brought to the public again. The root of young pregancy lies in the parents’ caring. The lack of communication between parents and chidren is easy to have such problem. It is not appropriate to have baby at such early age.

最近,一个出生在2000年后的女孩在微博展示了她怀孕的照片。这少女写下一些话,她忙着为所谓的丈夫生孩子,他丈夫也是一个少年。很快这张照片成为了热点。人们如此震惊于这位女孩稚嫩的脸,她看上去很天真,不超过16 岁!这样一个年轻的女孩肯定没有能力抚养孩子,更重要的是,他们甚至没有弄清楚责任的意义。家庭教育的问题再次被带到公众面前。如此年轻就怀孕的根源在于父母的关怀程度。父母和子女之间缺乏沟通很容易有这样的问题。如此小的年纪就有孩子是不合适的。

[高中写人英语作文

The first day for me to go to high school, I felt so excited, because I came into the new stage of my life. The school asked the students to live in the dormitory, so I had to move out and left my parents. This was such a big challenge for me, because I never left home before. I needed to learn to be independent, what’s more, I also learned to get along with others. High school was like a little society for me and I handed the problems well. The other challenge was from study. I had to learn so many subjects and fought for my future college. I met difficulties and felt frustrated, but I told myself not to give up and I got over the difficulties. High school life is not easy, but we grow up quickly.

我上高中的第一天，感到很兴奋，因为我来到了生命的新阶段。学校要求学生住宿舍，所以我搬离了家里，离开了父母。这对于我来说是一个很大的挑战，因为我从来没有离开过家里。我需要学着去独立，而且，也要学着去和别人相处。高中就像一个小社会，我把问题处理得很好。另一个挑战来自学习。我要学习很多的科目，为了将来的大学而奋斗。我遇到了困难，感到受挫，但是我告诉自己不要放弃，克服了困难。高中生活不容易，但是我们会快速长大。

[高中学习生活英语作文

Yesterday my classmates and I went to on a picnic. According to our plan we would climb the West Mountain.

昨天我和我的同学去野餐。按计划要爬西山。

Early in the morning all of us gathered at the gate of our school, we started of at seven, soon it began to have a little rain. We kept on riding for an hour till we reached the foot of the mountain.

清晨，我们都聚集在学校门口，我们开始在七，很快就开始有一点雨。我们骑了一个小时，直到我们到达山脚下。

The little rain stopped then. We began to climb. Soon we reached the top of the mountain. How beautiful it was when we looked at the view from the top. We ran. sang, jump,

小雨停。我们开始爬山。我们很快就到达了山顶。它是那么美丽，当我们在山顶上看风景。我们跑了。唱歌，跳，

played chess, and had the pictures taken on the top of the mountain. and had lunch on the rocks. How happy we were!

下棋，还拍了照片在山顶。吃午餐的岩石上。我们是多么幸福!

After the lunch we went down the mountain. We got home at four, all of us almost gave out.

午饭后，我们下山了。我们四点到家，我们都筋疲力尽了。

Dear Li Hong,

I haven’t heard from you for quite a long time. How have you been these

days?

During the coming winter vacation, I’m going to Beijing for a tour. As I

have never been to Beijing before, I’d like you to be my guide. I hope you can

show me around the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and some other places of

interest. What’s more, during my visit I hope to stay together with you in your

house so that we can have a good talk about our life and studies. What do you

think of my idea? I would like to know your opinion.

Please give my best regards(问候) to your parents.

Yours sincerely,

Liu Ming

When I was very small, I was so envious about the adults, because they could do whatever they wanted and did not have to depend on their parents. For me, I did not have money and my parents limited my pocket money, so I couldn’t spend the money to buy whatever I wanted. It seems to me that being an adult is my only wish. Some day, I learned from the movie that being an adult was not that as perfect as I thought.

In the movie, the man struggled to earn money to pay his bills, what’s more, he had to stay away from his family.

Loneliness was always around him. To be independent means we can live our own way and make our own decision. We have more freedom. But at the same time, it also means more annoyance. So why just we enjoy this moment.

在我很小的时候,我很羡慕成年人,因为他们可以做任何他们想做的,不必依赖他们的父母。对我来说,我没有钱,我的父母限制我的零花钱,所以我无法花钱去买所有我想要的。似乎成为一个成年人是我唯一的愿望。有一天,我从这部电影中了解到，作为一个成年人也没有我想象中的那么完美。在电影中,那个人努力挣钱来支付他的账单,更重要的是,他不得不远离他的家人。寂寞总是是围绕着他。独立意味着我们可以有自己的方式生活,做自己的决定。我们有的自由。但与此同时,这也意味着的烦恼。所以为什么不享受这一刻呢。

[高中英语作文：当我们独立了

温室里的花朵永远都是最脆弱的，学会独立是很重要的。下面是小编为你整理的关于独立的高中英语作文，希望你喜欢! 关于独立的高中英语作文篇1

Today in China,many families have only one child.So the children usually doted upon by all family members.Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and lack the ability to solve problems independently.

There are some ways to help children to be independent.Firstly,the child should have a chance to see the world around him.He must understand that there are various competitions in this world,and everyone can find his right position in the society only by individual efforts.Secondly,the parents should give the child enough help to make him feel comfortable.Its impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once.A child needs help from the beginning.Without any help,the child may lose his faith.At last,parents should let his child make decisions,which can temper his ability to deal with problems.

No parents can accompany the children for the whole life.It is the child himself who is responsible for her own fate.Only an independent person can live and succeed in this world.

今日的中国,很多家庭都只有一个孩子.所以孩子往往成为全家人生活的焦点.有些孩子逐渐养成了依赖家长的习惯,从而导致他们缺乏自己解决问题的能力.

这里有几点可以帮助孩子变得独立.首先,孩子应当正式他周围的世界,每个人只有通过自己的努力才能在社会中找到他自己的位置.其次,家长应给予孩子足够的温暖让他感到舒适.不能要求每个孩子从不依赖父母.孩子需要一个起跑的平台.没有任何帮助,孩子或许会失去信念.最后,家长应让孩子做决定,如何依靠自己的能力解决问题.

没有父母可以陪伴孩子一辈子.决定自己的命运是孩子肩负的责任.只有独立的人才能在这个世界生活并取得成功. 关于独立的高中英语作文篇2

When I was very small, I was so envious about the adults, because they could do whatever they wanted and did not have to depend on their parents. For me, I did not have money and my parents limited my pocket money, so I couldn’t spend the money to buy whatever I wanted. It seems to me that being an adult is my only wish. Some day, I learned from the movie that being an adult was not that as perfect as I thought. In the movie, the man struggled to earn money to pay his bills, what’s more, he had to stay away from his family. Loneliness was always around him. To be independent means we can live our own way and make our own decision. We have more freedom. But at the same time, it also means more annoyance. So why just we enjoy this moment.

在我很小的时候,我很羡慕成年人,因为他们可以做任何他们想做的,不必依赖他们的父母。对我来说,我没有钱,我的父母限制我的零花钱,所以我无法花钱去买所有我想要的。似乎成为一个成年人是我唯一的愿望。有一天,我从这部电影中了解到，作为一个成年人也没有我想象中的那么完美。在电影中,那个人努力挣钱来支付他的账单,更重要的是,他不得不远离他的家人。寂寞总是是围绕着他。独立意味着我们可以有自己的方式生活,做自己的决定。我们有的自由。但与此同时,这也意味着的烦恼。所以为什么不享受这一刻呢。 关于独立的高中英语作文篇3

When we talk about being independent, we often think about leaving our parents and living alone. The mental independence is always ignored by people, mental independence means the person can measure the things and make the right decision. As for the children, even they move out and stay far away from their parents, but sometimes they just can’t control themselves, they will get the bad behavior, like smoking and drinking, their life is losing control. The young people need to cultivate their independent spirit, they should think by themselves, learn to take care of the other people, thus they can be the real independent. When a person grows up, they can be strong enough to support their lives and at the same time, they can be mature enough to make their own decision. They can tell what is wrong and what is right.

当我们谈到成为独立，总是想要离开父母，独自居住。精神上的独立总是被人们忽略，精神上的独立意味着一个人能衡量事情，做出正确的决定。对于孩子来说，虽然他们搬出去，远离父母，但是有时候他们无法自控，养成不好的习惯。比如抽烟和喝酒，他们的生活会失控。年轻人需要养成独立精神，他们应该自己思考，学着去照顾别人，这样才能真正的独立。当一个人成长了，他们才能够足够的强大去养活自己，同时，也能够足够成熟去做决定。他们能区分什么是好，什么是坏。

[有关独立的高中英语作文

Today, cellphone has been part of people’s live, they use cellphone to keep in touch with friends and family, cellphone is also very helpful in people’s work. As cellphone is so important, so people count on it so much, I think we need to take the right attitude towards cellphone.

今天，手机已经成为人们生活的一部分，他们使用手机来和朋友以及家人保持联系，手机对每个人的工作也很有帮助。由于手机是如此的重要，因此人们很依赖手机，我认为我们需要正确对待手机。

Teenagers especially like to use cellphone, they can’t live without cellphone. Take my brother for example. He carries cellphone all the time, no matter what he does. When we are talking to him, he just lows down his head and says yes, I don’t think he is listening to us. When he is walking on the street, he still keeps his eyes on the screen. My brother is a typical cellphone user, I feel pity for him because he misses so many beautiful moment.

青少年特别喜欢使用手机，他们无法离开手机。就拿我弟弟来说。他随时都带着手机，无论在做什么。当我们和他谈话时，他底下头，嘴里应和着，我不认为他在听我们讲话。当他走在街上时，眼睛仍然在屏幕上。我的弟弟就是一个典型的手机使用者，我为他感到遗憾，因为他错过了很多美好的时刻。

It is very a common situation for the young people to low down their heads to check on the cellphone. They don’t have the real communicate with others, it is not a good behavior. It is better to drop down the cellphone and see the scenery around us.

年轻人低头看手机是很常见的情绪。他们没有和别人进行真正的交流，这是不好的行为。我们最好放下手机，看看周围美丽的风景。

一、阅读能力测试（100分）

请阅读下面的材料，按要求进行阅读能力测试。

不到5岁便夭折的儿童每年有900万。在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，产妇死亡概率为33%，这一比率在发达国家仅为0.018%。全球至少有25个国家，大多数为撒哈拉以南的非洲国家，其人口的平均寿命不超过55岁。仅在印度一国，就有超过5000万的学龄儿童连简单的课文也看不懂。

看了上面这段文字，或许你只想把书扔到一边，不去想世界贫穷这件大事。因为这个问题看上去太宽泛、太棘手。然而，我们写这本书的目的就在于，劝你不要那样做。

宾夕法尼亚大学近期的一项实验表明，这一问题的重要性会令我们无比震惊。研究人员发给每个学生5美元，让他们填写一份简短的调查表，然后再给他们看一份传单，请他们为“拯救儿童”（全球慈善机构之一）捐款。传单有两种不同的类型，有些学生所看到的传单是这样的：

马拉维的食品短缺影响着超过300万儿童；在赞比亚，自2000年以来的严重干旱已导致粮食产量下降42%。因此，300万赞比亚人将面临饥饿；400万安哥拉人（占安哥拉人口总数的三分之一）已被迫离开自己的家乡；超过1 100万埃塞俄比亚人急需食品援助。 另外一些学生所看到的传单上画着一个小女孩，还有这样一些文字：

罗西娅是一个来自非洲马里的7岁女孩，她过着极度贫穷的生活，甚至面临着挨饿的危险。然而，您的经济援助将会改善她的生活。有了您以及其他好心人的支持，“拯救儿童”将与罗西娅的家人以及社区里的其他人一起帮助她，让她能吃饱饭，接受教育，具备基本的医疗及卫生常识。

看了第一份传单的学生平均每人捐了1.16美元。和第一份传单不同，第二份传单展现了一个而不是数百万人的困境，看了这份传单的学生平均每人捐了2.83美元。这样看来，学生

们愿意为了罗西娅而承担一点儿责任，但在面对广泛的全球性问题时，他们就不免有些泄气了。

接下来，研究人员又随机选定了一些学生，先告诉他们这样一个现象，即人们不愿关注那种泛泛的信息，他们更有可能会捐钱给某一特定受害者，然后再给这些学生看那两份传单。结果显示，看了第一份传单的学生平均每人捐款1.26美元，与事先不知道该现象的学生所捐的钱差不多。然而，看了第二份传单的学生在得知这种现象之后，平均每人仅捐了1.36美元，远远低于不知道该现象的学生所捐的钱。鼓励学生们再想想反而使他们对罗西娅不那么慷慨了，但马里人民也没有因此得到更多的援助。

学生们的反应是一个典型案例，说明了大多数人在面对贫穷等问题时的感觉。我们的本能反应是慷慨，特别是在面对一个身陷困境的7岁小女孩时。然而，正如宾夕法尼亚大学的学生们一样，我们在重新考虑之后常常失去信心：我们捐的那点儿钱不过是沧海一粟，而且这些善款的安全性也得不到保障。这本书会让您再好好想想，如何摆脱那种“贫穷的问题难以解决”的感觉，从一系列具体问题出发，重新审视这一挑战。这些问题只要能得到恰当的定位并为人们真正理解，就能够逐一得到解决。

遗憾的是，关于贫穷的辩论往往不是这样展开的。很多侃侃而谈的专家并没有讨论怎样抗击痢疾和登革热最有效，而是专注于那些“大问题”：贫穷的最终原因是什么？我们应该在多大程度上信任自由市场？穷人能够受益于民主制吗？外来援助可以发挥什么样的作用？等等。

杰弗里萨克斯是联合国顾问、纽约哥伦比亚大学地球研究所主任，同时也是一位贫穷问题专家。他对上述问题的回答是：贫穷国家之所以贫穷，原因在于这些国家往往都气候炎热、土地贫瘠、疟疾肆虐、四周被陆地所包围。因此，如果没有大量的原始投资助其解决这些地方性问题，这些国家很难提高自己的生产力。然而，这些国家却因为贫穷，无法支付投资回报——这就是经济学家们所谓的“贫穷陷阱”。除非这些问题的解决能够落到实处，否则无论是自由市场，还是民主制，都帮不上什么大忙。外来援助之所以重要的原因就在于，它能启动一种良性循环，即辅助穷国在关键领域投资，从而提高其生产力；由此而产生的更高收入会带来更多投资，收益将呈螺旋状上升。萨克斯在其2005年《贫穷的终结》（The End of

Poverty）一书中称，如果富国在2005~2025年间每年拿出1 950亿美元的资金来援助穷国，那么贫穷问题到2025年末便可完全得到解决。

然而，还有一些侃侃而谈的人认为，萨克斯的回答是错误的。曼哈顿的威廉埃斯特利挑战了纽约大学的萨克斯，随着其著作《在增长的迷雾中求索》（The Elusive Quest for Growth）及《白人的负担》（The White Mans Burden）的面世，他已经成为反援助人士中最具影响力的公众人物之一。丹比萨莫约是一位曾在高盛投资公司及世界银行任职的经济学家，她于近期出版了《援助的死亡》（Dead Aid）一书，并在书中对埃斯特利的观点表示赞同。他们都认为，援助的弊大于利：援助使人们停止寻找自己解决问题的方法，腐蚀地方机构并削弱其作用，导致一些援助机构形同虚设。对于贫穷国家来说，最好遵循一个简单的原则：只要有自由市场和恰当的奖励机制，人们就能自己找到解决问题的方法，避免接受外国人或自己政府的施舍。从这个意义上讲，在看待世界运转的方式上，对援助持悲观态度的人实际上表现得颇为乐观。埃斯特利认为，“贫穷陷阱”并不存在。

我们到底应该相信谁？是相信那些认为援助能解决问题的人，还是相信那些认为援助只能使问题恶化的人？这一问题无法从理论上得到解决，我们需要的是证据。然而，遗憾的是，那种常常用来解答大问题的数据并不能得到人们的信任。引人注目的奇闻轶事比比皆是，有些事件甚至可以用来支持任何立场。例如，卢旺达在遭受种族灭绝之后的几年里得到了大笔捐款，整个国家逐渐走向繁荣。由于国民经济得到了发展，卢旺达总统保罗卡加梅开始制定政策，尽量不再接受援助。那么，我们应将这个例子看作是援助好处的证明（萨克斯的观点），还是自力更生的典型代表（莫约的观点），还是二者兼备？

由于诸如卢旺达这样的个例没有最终定论，大多数研究哲学问题的人更喜欢在多个国家之间作比较。例如，针对世界上几百个国家的数据表明，接受更多援助的国家并不比其他国家发展得快。这常常被认为是援助无用的依据，但实际上，这也可能意味着相反的观点。或许，援助使某些国家避免了一场灾难，没有援助的话情况会更糟。对此，我们并不了解，只是在泛泛地猜测而已。

然而，假如没有支持或反对援助的依据，我们又该怎样做呢？——放弃穷人？这种失败主义的态度不是我们所应持有的。实际上，答案是可以找到的。这本书整体上就采用了一种答案延伸的形式——不过不是萨克斯和埃斯特利喜欢的那种泛泛的答案，它要告诉你的不是援助

的好与坏，而是援助在一些特定的事例中是否带来了好处。我们虽然不能断定民主制的效力，却可以就是否应改变其组织方式谈谈感想，使其更有效地运行于印尼的农村等地。

无论如何，对于某些大问题（如外国援助是否有效）的回答是否像我们有时听到的那样重要，我们尚不明确。无论是伦敦、巴黎或华盛顿特区那些热心于帮助穷人的人，还是不那么热心于此的人，他们都认为援助的作用十分突出。实际上，援助只占每年给穷人所划拨的款项的一小部分，大多数针对全球穷人的计划都由各国自身的财政部门制定。例如，印度基本上不接受援助。2004~2005年间，印度为穷人的基础教育计划投入5 000亿卢比（310亿美元）。即使是在非洲这样急需援助的地方，这一数字也只占政府2003年度全部预算的5.7%（如果我们排除尼日利亚和南非这两个几乎不接受援助的大国，那么这一比例为12%）。

更重要的是，援助的是是非非引发了无数没完没了的争论，这模糊了真正的重点——钱的去处。这就意味着政府要选择正确的资助项目——该项目对穷人有好处吗？是该给老人发养老金，还是为病人建诊所？然后，弄清楚最好的操作方式是怎样的。比如，诊所的运作及人员配备可以采取很多不同的方式。

为援助问题而争论的人基本上都同意一个前提，即我们应在力所能及时向穷人伸出援助之手。这也在情理之中。哲学家彼得辛格曾写过关于拯救陌生人的道德准则，他评论说，大多数人都愿意牺牲一件价值1 000美元的衣服，换取一个落水儿童的性命。辛格还认为，这名落水儿童就是那些每年活不到5岁的900万儿童之一。经济学家、哲学家、诺贝尔奖得主阿玛蒂亚森的观点也得到了很多人的赞同。他认为，贫穷会导致令人难以容忍的人才浪费。用他的话来讲，贫穷并不仅仅意味着缺钱，它会使人丧失挖掘自身潜力的能力。一个来自非洲的贫穷小女孩即使很聪明，可能最多也只能上几年学。她很可能由于营养不足而无法成长为世界顶级运动员，而且即使她有什么做生意的好想法，也没有启动资金。

的确，对于发达国家的人来说，这种对生命的荒废可能没有什么直接影响，但对于这个非洲小女孩来说却影响很大：她可能沦落为携带艾滋病毒的性工作者，将病毒传染给一个来到非洲旅游的美国人，而这个美国人又会将病毒带回自己的国家。或者，她可能会患上一种耐抗生素的肺结核，这种病毒最终可能会传播到欧洲。如果她当初接受了足够的教育，她可能已经研制出了治疗老年痴呆症的良药，或者就像中国小姑娘戴满菊一样，她上学的机会来源于银行职员的一个疏忽，这可能使她最终成为雇用上千人的商业巨头。尼古拉斯克里斯托弗和舍

丽吴顿在其著作《半边天》（Half the Sky）中讲述了这个小姑娘的故事。即使她没有这样的际遇，我们又有何理由不给她一次机会呢？

我们知道帮助穷人的有效方式吗？当我们回到这个问题时，分歧便会显现。

辛格关于帮助别人的观点中隐含了一个前提，即你知道如何去做。在你不会游泳的前提下，甘愿牺牲一件衣服的道德准则便显得苍白无力。正因如此，在《你能拯救的生命》（The Life You Can Save）一书中，辛格不辞辛苦地为读者列举了很多实例，告诉他们可以在哪些地方伸出援手。在辛格的网站上，这部分内容是定期更新的，尼古拉斯克里斯托弗和舍丽吴顿也是这样做的。道理很简单，只谈世界上存在什么问题，而不去谈可行的解决方案，这样只能导致社会瘫痪，而非进步。

因此，真正有用的方式是从实际问题的角度去思考，这样就可以有针对性地找出解决具体问题的方法，而不是空谈外来援助。例如，世界卫生组织称，疟疾在2008年造成约100万人丧生，其中大多数是来自非洲的儿童。对此，我们认为，让人们睡在经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐中，这样就可以挽救很多条性命。研究表明，在疟疾传播严重的地区，让人们睡在经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐中，可以将疟疾的感染病例减少一半。那么，怎样做才能保证儿童都睡在这样的蚊帐中呢？

只要拿出约10美元，一个家庭就能得到一个经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐，还会有人教他们怎样使用这种蚊帐。政府或非政府组织是否应向家长们免费提供这种蚊帐？或者按优惠价卖给他们？还是让他们自己去市场上按全价购买？这些问题是可以回答的，但答案却不甚明了。很多“专家”在这些问题上的立场十分强硬，却拿不出任何有力的证据。

疟疾是一种传染病，如果玛丽睡在蚊帐中，约翰就不太可能被传染——如果至少有一半人口睡在蚊帐中，另一半人口即使没睡在蚊帐中，他们被传染的概率也会大大降低。问题是，睡在蚊帐中的孩子的人数还不到总人口数的四分之一。对于马里及肯尼亚的很多家庭来说，10美元的花费有些高。考虑到使用者及社区中其他人的利益，以优惠价销售蚊帐或免费赠送蚊帐似乎是个好办法。的确，免费发放蚊帐正是杰弗里萨克斯所提倡的。埃斯特利和莫约则对此持反对态度。他们认为，如果人们不花钱就得到了蚊帐，那么他们就不会对其加以珍惜，因而也就不会去用。即使他们用了，也可能会因此对施舍习以为常，在以后需要自己花钱购买蚊帐时便会退缩，或是在需要其他物品时也不愿自己花钱，而是等着别人免费赠送。

[创新高中组作文

The people I respect the most is my father. He is a doctor. He always busy

with work. Since I can remember, he never spent a whole weekend to stay with me.

He goes to the hospital very early before I get up, and comes back home after I

sleep. But I doesn’t matter at all, he is hero to me. He devotes almost all the

time to his patients, many lives are saved. He always said, a man should have

dignity, integrity, honor, and most of all, be helpful to others. This affected

me deeply, so I work hard so that someday I could be the man like my father.

This morning, when I get up, go to the balcony, pull open curtain, wow! It was misty outside! Across the floor has been blurred, only a window of pale blue light. I cant see the sky, cant see the sun, cant see the ground, also cant see the ground of car, feel like living in wonderland. If there is no mom and dad in, saw such a wonderland I would be a little scared.

More than 9 o clock in the morning, uncle (father) to take us to play for the palace. We wear cotton-padded jacket, wearing masks, wu. We went out of the village south gate, very few people on the road, my eyes hazy, eyes are hard to open soon. The distant field was white fog, roadside trees and across the pedestrian, approached the ability to see. Im so frightened, thanks to uncle speed fast.

Said on TV, the fog weather, there are a large number of bacteria in the air, people are likely to get sick after breathing, youd better not go out.

In the afternoon, I sleep wake up and see the fog outside little a lot, can see across the floor. I hope the fog dispersed quickly.

今天早上,我起床后走到阳台上,拉开窗帘,哇!外面一片雾蒙蒙!对面的楼已经模糊不清,只有一扇窗户透出浅蓝的灯光。我看不见天空,看不见太阳,看不见地面,也看不见地面的车,感觉就像住在仙境中一样。如果没有爸爸妈妈在,看见这样的仙境我就有点害怕。

上午9点多,大叔(老爸)带我们去文化宫打球。我们穿着棉袄,戴着口罩,捂得严严实实。我们从小区南门出去,路上人很少,我眼前一片朦胧,眼都快睁不开了。远处的田野是白茫茫的大雾,路旁的树和对面过来的行人,走近了才能看清。我很害怕,幸亏大叔车速不快。

电视上说,这种雾霾天气,空气中有大量的细菌,人呼吸后很容易生病,大家最好不要出门。

下午,我睡觉醒来,看见外面的雾小了很多,对面的楼能看清了。我希望这些雾赶紧散去。

Today is Monday; I wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning. Then I have my breakfast at home and take the subway to school. I am quite excited about this day, because our chemistry teacher will teach us to do an interesting experiment. This experiment is about how to create soap. Last week, the chemistry teacher promised that we would have something fun in this week. Making our own special soap is the mission in this class.

今天是星期一，我早上六点就起床了。再吃过了早餐之后，我搭地铁去学校。对于今天要做的事情，我很兴奋。因为我们的化学老师要教我们做个有趣的实验。这个实验就是如何制作肥皂。上个星期，化学老师向我们保证这周会做个有趣的实验，而创造出属于自己的一块肥皂就是这次课的主要内容。

When the experience begins, the whole class is very exciting; we mix the oil, water and lye. You need to be very careful, because the lye is harmful to the skin. Then we will stir the oil and lye for about ten minutes, the chemistry reaction will make the liquid into solid. Then the soap comes into being. Although the process is tired, we have a lot of fun. The most important thing is we learn how to make soap. The time passes so quickly, we feel very busy but learn a lot of useful things.

当实验开始的时候，整个班级都很兴奋。我们把油、水和碱液混合在一起。你必须非常小心，因为碱液会腐蚀皮肤。然后我们就开始搅拌液体。大约10分钟过后，发生的化学反应就把液体变成了固体，肥皂就形成了。虽然这个过程很累，但是我们得到了很多乐趣。最重要的是我们学会了如何制作肥皂。时间过得太快，我们感觉很忙碌，但也学到了很多有用的东西。

清风拂过，那缕愁云终于散去，明月，补全了天际最后的缺憾，补齐了遥不可及的银河。

窸窸窣窣的声音响起，一丝微弱的光窜入了房间，心中升腾起一丝疑惑。

于是，借着月光起身，蹑手蹑脚地将脑袋凑到门口，朝客厅的方向看了一眼，一盏绿色的台灯趴在桌上，有气无力地散发着微弱的光。灯下，外婆戴着老花镜，手握着针，缝合着一件衣服，仔细瞅瞅，似乎是想要补全臂膀上那条不应景的裂痕。

借着月光，我看清了那件衣服：一件衬衣，棕色条纹，蓝色格子，我不禁心头一沉，那正是我中午弄破的衣服。

骄阳似火，我喝净杯中最后一点映着暖阳的水，准备上学，外婆叫住我，拿来一件衬衣，让我换上，我瞟了一眼那衣服，棕色的条纹，真是既老旧又难看，但是，表面却一丝灰尘也没有，似乎刚刚洗过。我冷笑：“前年的衣服，怎么还拿出来穿。”说罢便急着走，外婆执意让我穿上，我无奈，但又实在讨厌这土个拉擦的颜色，我心中闪过一丝恨念，于是，穿到胳膊肘时，我用力一扯，衣服应声破开了一道口子。我得意地甩下那件衣服：“看，我说穿不了吧!”然后，留下外婆呆楞在原地，盯着破开的衣服。

我并不相信什么青春期，什么叛逆，然而，面对外婆的关爱，我一次又一次拒绝，那撕破衣服不过是沧海一粟，莫名地，我与外婆之间，似乎破开了一条银河，一缕愁云罩在心头，挥之不去。

灯下，外婆依旧在执着地补着那件衣服，用手中线和灯下光，将皎洁月和心头爱，一齐补了进去。外婆揉揉眼睛，似乎有了些许的困意，而后深深叹了口气，把毛衣换一个角度，接着补起，线，一点点补足了衣服上的空隙，月光的歌声洋溢在缝隙间，那是外婆的爱。

我没有哭，默默忍着，悄悄地，我下了楼，端上来一杯热水，走到外婆身边，把水放在桌上。水，升腾起丝丝热气，宛若一朵愁云，却很快被月光掩盖，水中，灯与月交融，银白色的光，溢满了水杯。

外婆依然在执着地补着，没有发现我的存在。我拍拍外婆胳膊。外婆回过神来，看着我，刚想大声吼叫，突然，似乎是想到家里人都睡了，转而小声地骂到：“这么晚了，还不睡，明天起不来不叫你。”我默默无言，把水推到外婆面前。

外婆低头看着，笑了，皱纹舒展开来，一如清风拂过，愁云褪去，明月，又补全了银河，补回了那一丝丝断弦的爱。

Once， when I was a teenager， my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally， there was only one family between us and the ticket counter.

This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children， all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didnt have a lot of money.

Their clothes were not expensive， but they were clean. The children were well-behaved， all of them standing in line， two-by-two behind their parents， holding hands. They were excitedly jabbering about the clowns， elephants， and other acts they would see that night.

One could sense they had never been to the circus before. It promised to be a highlight of their young lives. The father and mother were at the head of the pack， standing proud as could be.

The mother was holding her husbands hand， looking up at him as if to say， "Youre my knight in shining armor."

He was smiling and basking in pride， looking back at her as if to reply， "You got that right."

The ticket lady asked the father how many tickets he wanted. He proudly responded， "Please let me buy eight childrens tickets and two adult tickets so I can take my family to the circus."

The ticket lady quoted the price. The mans wife let go of his hand， her head dropped， and his lip began to quiver. The father leaned a little closer and asked， "How much did you say?"

The ticket lady again quoted the price. The man didnt have enough money.

How was he supposed to turn and tell his eight kids that he didn‘t have enough money to take them to the circus? Seeing what was going on， my dad put his hand in his pocket， pulled out a $20 bill and dropped it on the ground. (We were not wealthy in any sense of the word!)

This summer vacation, I joined a social practice to be a part-time tourguide. There I found something that impressed me a lot.

People who love traveling are always finding places to take a vacation, which caused a lot of troubles.For example, I found that some people were used to dropping out the trash everywhere. They just regarded the sightseeings as their houses, which cost a lot to clean it up. Besides, some one should write down their names on the trees and walls. People who wanted to leave their names whereever they went are always to punish in future.

Nevertheless, I also found some good examples, such as teaching tourists not to destroy the places of historic interests, helping clean up the environment,etc..I think we all need to teach more people not to hurt our precious nature. What we really need to do is protect them form destroying.

We are always educated to be an honest person, especially to our parents. While the fact is that every kid will lie to their parents in their lives. For me, my parents are very strict, I am not allowed to go out at night, because the news always reports the bad incidents happen at night. But night activity attracts me a lot, and my friends like to hang out for fun at night, so I choose to lie to my parents and tell them I am doing my homework with my friends. Now as I grow up, I realize it is not right to tell lies, so I decide to be honest to my parents. Once they realize that I am not a little kid anymore, then I will have my right to do what I want.

My father is a hardworking man and he is very kind.I love him very much.Every morning he gets up earlyto makeus breakfast. In the evening, he is alwayscome back home late. At weekends, he oftengoes outwith me and my mother for fun. He is a man of few words, but he often says to me "A little learning is a dangerous thing". I will always remember hiswords.

Today is my birthday and Im so excited about it.In the morning I put a

note on the table for my mum and it said,"Today is my birthday,dont forget

it!"At school,I got many gifts and cards for my classmates and had a lot of

fun.But I was still expecting the birthday party after school.

When it was time to leave school I couldnt wait to go home.When I open the

door,there wasnt anybody in the house.There was only a note that said,"Coming

home late tonight,mum and dad."I try to call them but there was no answer.I was

so shocked,do they forget my birthday?How could this be!I was so sad that I

couldnt eat anything.I just did my homework and waited for them.

And then,things changed completely.It was about time for dinner,my mother

called and told me to go to the restanrant near our house.When I got there I

couldnt believed my eyes.Everybody was there:my parents,my relatives,my friends

and even my classmates.There was so many gifts and a big cake.What a surprising

birthday party!We had a good time and it was the best birthday party ever.

The generation gap refers to the difference in attitude toward thing or the

lack of understanding between young people and older folks.

In families as well as in society, the young and the older may not agree

with each other on this and that from time to time. Young people would llke to

make as much money as they could and spend as much money as they could earn

while older folks are easily satisfied with what they earn and save as much as

possible. Young people llke the exciting and deafening pop music while older

folks prefer melodious folk-songs or classic music. A boy and a glrl today may

fall in love with each other as quick as lightning, while their parents or grand

parents might trudge over a long distance before they kissed each other and

became lovers when they were young.

However, we should not be amazed at the generation gap,for it is quite

natural in the development of society. The world is a changing world, in which

everything keeps changing, generations of human beings included. And changes

lead to progress.