王维《使至塞上》翻译及创作背景【通用20篇】

Today, I opened my free forum and I was very happy because I could do a lot

of things there. I decided to upgrade my forum and make it interesting. Then I

will make it grow up and at the same time, I can write down what I want to say

there. I will be very happy.

今天我开通了自己的免费论坛，我很高兴。因为我可以在那里做很多事。我决定要好好改造我的论坛，让他变得很新奇。然后我就会慢慢地让他成长起来，同时在那里写下我的心声。那样我会很快乐。

长沙，位于湖南省东部，湘江下游长浏盆地西缘，是全省政治、经济、文化、交通、科技、金融、信息中心，也是中国西部地区重要的中心城市。长沙市历史悠久，人文璀璨，地理资源丰富，文化资源馥郁，是中国首批“国家历史文化名城”。改革开放以来，经过30年的快速发展，长沙市社会、经济和城市建设水平实现了长足发展：城市的区域地位明显提高，城市聚集度越来越强，文化事业和经济事业繁荣兴盛，城市定位日趋明朗。随着生活水平的不断提高，人民对公共活动场所和文化性消费等有了更高的要求。

伴随着我国将全面进入“十二五”发展规划期。长沙市迎来了可以大有作为的机遇期、实现全面小康的决战期、转变发展方式的攻坚期和奠定城市格局的关键期。省委和长沙市委市政府高度重视长沙市未来发展规划，着力推进长沙市“转变经济发展方式，率先基本建成‘两型’城市和全面实现小康”的城市发展进程。加大力度实现“一江两岸”城市格局的建设，新农村建设和城乡一体化建设。一方面充分打造长沙历史文化名城的城市名片，提高城市综合竞争力，着眼于建设“国际历史文化名城”；另一方面通过经济和社会的发展，助推城市功能的完善，城市品位的提升和城市影响力的延展性增强。

十二五期间，作为国家综合配套改革试验区的长沙，在加快建设 “两型社会”，推进经济又好又快发展，促进经济社会发展与人口、资源、环境相协调，解决资源、环境与经济发展的矛盾问题的重要时期，长沙市新时期的建设成果，将为推动全国体制改革、实现科学发展与社会和谐发挥示范和带动作用。

按照长沙市城市发展的基本路线和长远规划，长沙市大河西先导区雷锋镇成为未来城市建设的重要纵深发展区。推进本区域经济和文化事业的繁荣发展，完善区域内公共设施和城市生活配套工程的建设，塑造并提升区域品牌的知名度和影响力，发展产业综合体势在必行。在此时代发展和城市建设的历史背景下，雷锋精神文化产业园的建设将成为城市发展建设的必然趋势。

Today, when I awaked up, I found the air-conditioner didn’t work. I used

the control, but it still didn’t work. I knew the air-conditioner was in

trouble. I went downstairs. My father told me two air-conditioner and two

computer had been broken. Because my father used electric making machine to make

electric, so the voltage was not stable. It led to the trouble. Oh! Whenever the

government will let the factory use electric? If it lasts longer, I will be

crazy!

今天，当我醒来时，我发现空调不工作。我所使用的控制，但它仍然没有工作。我知道空调器是在麻烦。我走下楼去。我父亲告诉我的两个冷气机和两个计算机已被打破。因为我的父亲曾经电制造的机器使电力，所以其电压并不稳定。这导致了麻烦。哦!每当政府将让工厂使用电动?如果持续下去，我会疯了!

How to have a healthy body? First of all, you have to play sports like

playing basketball and running. You should also eat more fruits and vegetables,

such as apples and bananas, which are rich in vitamins. If you do that, you

wont get sick often. And you can not stay up late, to early to bed and early to

rise, you should speak hygiene, clean themselves, often to drink lots of water

every day, not to eat junk food, and so on are conducive to a healthy body, the

most important thing is to pay attention to safety.

怎样拥有一个健康的身体?首先你必须经常运动比如打篮球，跑步。你还要多吃蔬菜水果，例如苹果，香蕉，它们含有丰富的维生素。如果这样做，你就不会经常得病。并且你不可以熬夜，要早睡早起，你要讲卫生，经常清洁自己，每天要喝很多水，不能吃垃圾食品等等都利于身体健康，最重要的是注意安全。

不要试图给你的生命增加时间，而要给你的时间赋予生命。下面是小编整理的孝英语名言警句带翻译的，欢迎阅读!

1 正如恶劣的品质可以在幸运中暴露一样，最美好的品质也是在厄运中被显示的。——培根

"As bad quality can be exposed to the same lucky, the best in quality but also in the bad luck to be displayed. - Bacon "

2 美丽属于自信者，从容属于有备者，奇迹属于执着者，成功属于顽强者。

"Who are confident beautiful, calm those who are well prepared, miracles are persistent person, success belongs to those who tenaciously. "

3 作家当然必须挣钱才能生活，写作，但是他决不应该为了挣钱而生活，写作。——马克思

"Of course, the writer must earn money in order to live, writing, but he should never live to make money writing. - Marx "

4 过去属于死神，未来属于你自己。——雪莱

"Past is death, the future belongs to you. - Shelley "

5 人生只有必然，没有偶然。

"Life is only inevitable, there is no chance. "

6 冬天已经到来，春天还会远吗?——雪莱

"Winter has come, can spring be far behind? - Shelley "

7 人生就像奕棋，一步失误，全盘皆输。——弗洛伊德

"Life is like a game of chess, step by mistake, all bets are off. - Sigmund Freud "

8 人生就像钟摆，晃动在痛苦和无聊之间，其动力便是欲望。

"Life is like a pendulum, shaking between pain and boredom, its power is desire. Selected from: Motto (www.geyanw.com) "

9 蔚蓝的天空虽然是美丽，经常风云莫测的人切是起落无从。但他往往会成为风云人物，因为他经得起大风大浪的考验。——方海权

"Although the blue sky is beautiful, often unpredictable situation of people cut is landing impossible. But he tends to become a man, because he can stand the test of storms. - Fang Sea Power "

10 人间没有永恒的夜晚，世界没有永恒的冬天。——艾青

"Room no eternal night, the world is no eternal winter. - Ai Qing "

11 人生最终的价值在于觉醒和思考的能力，而不只在于生存。——亚里士多德

"The final value of life lies in the awakening and the ability to think, not only is survival. - Aristotle "

12 人生就是场经营，有人经营感情，有人经营利益，有人经营幸福，而有人经营阴谋。

"Life is a field operation, it was their emotional, some business interests, it was operating well, but it was business conspiracy. "

13 你在公交车上看到骑自行车的人在寒风中拼命蹬车不由庆幸，骑自行车的人看到在公交车上挤成沙丁罐头的你不由窃喜，原来短处都是从别人身上发现的。

"You see cyclists pedaling hard in the cold not help Fortunately, cyclists swarmed the bus to see you could not help chuckle canned sardines in the bus, the original weaknesses are found from others the. "

14 孤独和勇敢是探路者的游戏。——冯宇学

Lonely and brave Pathfinder game. - Feng Yu learn

15 心作良田耕不尽，善为至宝用无穷。我们应有纯洁的心灵，去积善为大众。就会获福无边。——方海权

"Geng not as fertile mind, good for treasure with endless. We should have purity of heart, to be charitable for the public. It will be a blessing boundless. - Fang Sea Power "

16 "人的生命是有限的,可是,为人民服务是无限的,我要把有限的生命,投入到无限为人民服务之中去。——雷锋"

"Human life is limited, however, to serve the people is unlimited, I want a limited life, serving the people go into the infinite. - Lei Feng "

17 要不断提高自身的能力，才能益己及他。有能力办实事才不会毕竟空谈何益。故事的结束总是满载而归，就是金榜题名。——方海权

"To continuously improve their ability to beneficially own and him. It will not have the ability to do practical things, after all, talk about what benefits. End of the story is always a rewarding experience, is pass the examination. - Fang Sea Power "

18 人生是伟大的宝藏，我晓得从这个宝藏里选取最珍贵的珠宝。

"Life is a great treasure, and I know to select the most precious jewels from the treasure inside. "

19 不受天磨非好汉，不遭人妒是庸才。

"From day wear non-hero, not being jealous is mediocrity. "

20 炫耀什么，缺少什么;掩饰什么，自卑什么。所谓正常人，只是自我防御比较好的人。真正的心理健康，是不设防而又不受害。

"To show off what he needed anything; hide anything, what self-esteem. The so-called normal people, good people just self-defense. The real mental health, is defenseless without victimization. "

21 不要乱说话。话说出去之前你还是话的主人，话说出去之后你就成了话的奴隶。

"Do not talk nonsense. Before or after saying the words out of your master, saying the words out you become a slave. "

22 学习必须如蜜蜂一样，采过许多花，这才能酿出蜜来。——鲁迅

"Learning must be such as bees, taken too many flowers, which can spawn honey come. - Lu Xun "

23 "路是脚踏出来的,历史是人写出来的，人的每一步行动都在书写自己的历史。——吉鸿昌"

"Lu is a foot out, history is written out, people every step of the action in writing their own history. - Ji Hongchang "

24 人生只有经历酸甜苦辣，才懂得人间的味道，因此也必须学会珍惜人生和珍惜感情。——方海权

"Only experienced ups and downs in life, and understand the world of taste, and therefore must learn to cherish life and to cherish feelings. - Fang Sea Power "

25 以智慧时时修正偏差，以慈悲处处给人方便。

Amended from time to time with wisdom deviation compassion people everywhere convenience.

26 给人幸福的不是身体上的好处，也不是财富，而是正直和谨慎。——德谟可利特

"Giving happiness benefits not physically, nor wealth, but integrity and caution. - Democritus to Split "

27 "生活真象这杯浓酒,不经三番五次的提炼呵,就不会这样一来可口!——郭小川"

"Living the truth of strong drink this cup, without repeatedly refining Oh, would not this way delicious! - Guo Xiaochuan "

28 人生有两出悲剧：一是万念俱灰，另一是踌躇满志。——萧伯纳

"There are two tragedies in life: one is despair, and the other is smug. - George Bernard Shaw "

29 成功的人总是愿意做没成功的人不愿意做的事。

Successful people are always willing to do successful people did not want to do.

30 人的价值是由自己决定的。——卢梭

Persons value is determined by its own. - Rousseau

31 人生如坐公交车，有的人很从容，可以欣赏窗外的景色;有的人很窘迫，总处于推搡和拥挤之中。

"Life is like a bus, and some people are very calm, you can enjoy the scenery outside the window; Some people are very embarrassed, the total is being pushed and crowded. "

32 人生天地之间，若白驹之过隙，忽然而已。——庄周

"Life between heaven and earth, if Baiju gap, suddenly it. - Zhuang "

33 人生就像一场戏，演好自己的角色才是戏成功的关键。

"Life is like a drama, play their own role in the play is the key to success. "

34 有财富的人追求优裕的生活，有智慧的人追求优质的生活。

"There are people who pursue wealth gracious living, intelligent people to pursue quality of life. "

35 一切事无法追求完美，唯有追求尽力而为。这样心无压力，出来的结果反而会更好。——方海权

"All things that can not be the pursuit of perfection, only the pursuit of best. So with no pressure, the results come out of it will be better. - Fang Sea Power "

36 奋斗是万物之父。——陶行知

Struggle is the father of all things. - Tao

37 君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。——孔丘

Gentleman is open longer sad. - Confucius

38 人在得意时须沉得住傲气;失意时则要忍得住火气。

When people proud to be tolerant of arrogance; will have frustrated when we resist anger.

39 我们总是对陌生人太客气，而对亲密的人太苛刻。

"We are always too polite to strangers, but people are too harsh for intimacy. "

40 燧石受到的敲打越厉害，发出的光就越灿烂。——卢梭

"Flint by beating the more powerful, more brilliant light emitted. - Rousseau "

41 希望是附丽于存在的，有存在，便有希望，有希望，便是光明。——鲁迅

"Hope is Reattachment to exist, there exists, there is hope, there is hope, is bright. - Lu Xun "

42 多一分心力去注意别人，就少一分心力反省自己。

"A little more effort to the attention of others, curbing efforts to reflect on their own. "

43 小时侯，幸福是很简单的事;长大了，简单是很幸福的事!

"Kid, happiness is a very simple matter; grow up, simple is a very happy thing! "

44 幽默胜过直白，话少胜过多言;坦率胜过伪装，自然胜过狡辩;心静何来多梦，苦索不如随缘。

"Humor than straightforward, if less than say; candid than camouflage, natural is better than sophistry; calm where is more than a dream, better to revel bitter cable. "

45 人生不售来回票，一旦动身，绝不能复返。

"Life does not sell return tickets, once the leave, never return. "

46 "社会犹如一条船,每人都要有掌舵的准备。——易卜生"

"Community is like a ship, everyone should have at the helm of preparation. - Ibsen "

47 "手莫伸,伸手必被捉。党与人民在监督,万目睽睽难逃脱。汝言惧捉手不伸,他道不伸能自觉,其实想伸不敢伸,人民咫尺手自缩。——陈毅"

"Hand Mo extension, will hand caught. Party and the people in supervision, Wan head Kuikui difficult to escape. Ruyan fear of catching hand is not stretched, stretched his way not consciously, in fact, want to stretch afraid to stretch peoples right close hand from shrinking. - Chen Yi "

48 一个精神生活很充实的人，一定是一个很有理想的人，一定是一个很高尚的人，一定是一个只做物质的主人而不做物质的奴隶的人。——陶铸

"A spiritual life is very full of people, it must be a very ideal man must be a very honorable man, must be a master of substance and not only do people slaves substances. - Tao Zhu "

49 让人失去理智的，常常是外界的诱惑;让人耗尽心力的，往往是自己的欲望。

"People irrational, often lure outside; effort exhausted people, often their own desires. "

50 伟大的精力只是为了伟大的目的而产生的。——斯大林

Great effort is for the purpose of generating the greatest. - Stalin

51 今天就是生命，是唯一你能确知的生命。——列夫·托尔斯泰

"Today is life, is the only thing you can ascertain life. - Leo Tolstoy "

52 松驰的琴弦，永远奏不出美妙的乐曲。

"Loose strings, not always playing wonderful music. "

53 谁要是游戏人生，他就一事无成;谁不能主宰自己，永远是一个奴隶。——歌德

"Who is the game of life, he would accomplish nothing; who can not master of its own, will always be a slave. - Goethe "

54 我从不把安逸和快乐看作是生活的本身--这种伦理基础，我叫它猪栏的理想。——爱因斯坦

"I never looked upon ease and happiness as life itself - this ethical basis, I call it the ideal pigsty. - Albert Einstein "

55 不论是狮子还是羚羊，都要奔跑;不论是贫穷还是富有，都要去奋斗。

"Whether a lion or gazelle, should run; whether poor or rich, should go struggle. "

[英语名言警句带翻译的

The Dragon Boat Festival, must not not include dumplings! Today, my sister is teaching me the dumplings! You see.

Make zongzi must be prepared. My sister was ready to soak for three hours of glutinous rice and bought the leaves, which surprised me.

I put my rice in the leaves, and I was all over the table, and I was angry. My sister said to me, "you want to make a triangular shape of the leaf and put the rice in it!"

So I did what my sister said, and pressed it on the rice. Whats in the middle of that dish? It was minced meat! I dug a small hole in the middle of the glutinous rice and made it into a round shape, stuffing it into glutinous rice and adding it to the glutinous rice. How can you seal it? I looked at my sister and knew everything.

I pressed down one of the warped leaves and pressed the rope hard. Success! I covered a lot of them in the previous method. Now its time to get the pot down, boil the water first, and then put the dumplings on.

After a while, the dumplings were cooked. The four of you sat at the table and ate the dumplings.

I untied the rope and was trying to remove the leaves, but when I touched it, it was hot. Her sister looked and laughed. I blew and blew the heat away. I again carefully will leaves open, eat up to her delicious dumplings - among all be stuffed glutinous rice, wrapped in a delicious meat, fresh juice in your mouth, no oil is not greasy, and chewy, feels so good!

So the Dragon Boat Festival in the past, his mouth to eat with his hand package dumplings, thought the tang dynasty poet du fu wrote poems: palace clothing is famous, dragon boat be reward. The wind is soft and the snow is light. When the weather is wet, lets go to the heat. The meaning is the length of the word, the whole life.

What a happy Dragon Boat Festival!

过端午节，一定少不了粽子!今天，姐姐就在教我包粽子呢!你瞧。

做粽子一定要有准备的。原来，姐姐已准备好浸泡了3个小时的糯米，同时也买好了粽叶，这样准备就让我大吃一惊了。

我把米放在叶子里，可米全撒在了桌上，我生气极了。姐姐对我说：“你要把叶子做成一个三角形的样子，然后再把米放进去啊!”

于是，我按照姐姐说的步骤作了一遍，在米上按了按，咦?旁边那个盘子中间放的是什么?原来是肉馅哦!我在糯米中间挖了一个小洞洞，把肉馅弄成圆状，塞入糯米中，让它也加入糯米的行列中。可怎么封好呢?我看了眼姐姐，就明白了一切。

我把翘起来的一片叶子按下来，并用绳子用力的扎紧。成功啦!我按照前面的方法，包了好多个。现在就要下锅了，先是把水烧开，然后把粽子放下去。

过了一会儿，粽子煮好了。大家四人坐在桌子旁，吃起了粽子。

我把绳子解开，正想把叶子摘掉，可我一碰，就被烫着了。姐姐看了，哈哈的笑了起来。我吹着吹着，把让热气吹走了。我再次小心翼翼的将叶子掀开，吃起了自己亲手做的香喷喷的粽子来——白白胖胖的糯米中间，包着一团鲜汁可口的肉馅，放入口中，不油不腻，又有嚼劲，感觉太好了!

端午节就这么过去了，嘴里吃着自己亲手包的粽子，心里想着我国唐代诗人杜甫写的诗：宫衣亦有名，端午被恩荣。细葛含风软，香罗叠雪轻。自天题处湿，当暑着来清。意内称长短，终身荷圣情。

这真是一个快乐的端午节!

MY SCHOOL LIFE 我的学校生活

When I was six years old, I began to go to school. The first school (which) I attended was a primary school. There were many subjects (which were taught in the school, such as Chinese, arithmetic, history, geography, drawing and so forth. Since I was (became) a student, I studied very hard. My parents were quite proud of me.

After I had studied there for three years, I entered a junior high school. When I was twelve years old, I became a student of a senior high school. I still studied very hard. Except on sick leave I was never absent from class. Everybody looked upon me as a model student.

我六岁的时候，就开始上学了。我第一个上的学校是一所国小。学校里教的课目有许多，诸如国文，算术，史地，画图等等。既然我是一个学生，我就用功读书。我父母深以我为荣。

我在那边读了三年后，就进入初中。我十二岁的时候，就成为一个高中的物理学。我依旧用功读书。除病假外，我永不缺课。人人都把我看作是一个模范生。

[我的学校生活英语日记带翻译

Since I go to high school, I feel the great pressure. High school is the very important period of my life, because if I study well, I can enter into my the ideal college and have the bight future. So I want to do my best, I don’t want to lag behind. The problem is that I can’t always be the top student, sometimes I will fail the exam. At that time, I need to adjust myself and take easy. The way for me to relax is various. First, I will listen to the music. Hearing the music can smooth my heart, it helps calm down, so I will get out of the annoyance. Second, I like to do some sports, such as jogging, basketball and tennis. Doing these sports also helps me let out my bad emotion and I become energetic again.

自从我上高中，我就感受到了很大的压力。高中是我生命中很重要的阶段，因为如果我学得好，就能进入到理想的大学，有一个光明的前途。因此我想要做到最好，我不想要落后。问题就是我不可能一直都是尖子生，有时候我考试也会失败。在那个时候，我需要调整自己，并且放松。我放松的方法是多样的。第一，我会听音乐。听音乐能让我的心顺畅，也帮助我冷静下来，这样我就能把烦恼抛去。第二，我喜欢做一些运动，比如慢跑，篮球和网球。做这些运动能帮助我释放不好的情绪，再次变得活力四射。

In fifteen-day Chinese,we have the biggest festival yue - the Spring Festival,allison hang red lantern,beaming,affix red couplets,busy...

The first day of the first month,is a happy yue son.

The street not the kui is a street,play of eat everything taste.See the most is that some children,I looked,count spicy noodles in business is the best.

Today is really play too happy!Be seen two full the luck to eat STH delicious three full hand blessed.Most luckily those vendor,today but business is thriving?

Sincerely hope today the children in the New Year,happy,no annoyance.

翻译：

在爆竹声中,我们迎来了中国人最盛大的节曰——春节,家家喜气洋洋,挂上红红的灯笼,贴上红红的春联,忙忙碌碌……

正月初一,又是一个快乐的曰子.

街上不愧是街上,玩的吃的样样俱全.看到的大多数是一些小孩,我瞧了瞧,就数麻辣摊的生意最好.

今天真是玩得太痛快了!算是一饱眼福二饱口福三饱手福了.最为幸运的是那些卖主了,今天可是生意兴隆?

真心希望今天全国的小朋友在新的一年里快乐乐,没有烦恼.

[春节英语作文及翻译

My father took me out fishing today. At the beginning, we spent a long time

waiting there but there was no fish. I was very impatient and didnt want to

stay there. I wanted to come home. Father said to me, "Dont give up everything

easily. We should keep on trying hard".

我父亲今天带我去钓鱼。一开始，我们花了好长时间都没有鱼。我很不耐烦，不想等了，想回家。爸爸对我说，做什么事情都不要轻易废弃。我们应该继续努力。

My name is Xia Shunyao. Im eight years old, grade two in primary school. I have a round face, big black eyes, big ears. My hair is black and bright, also please. In fact, I want to keep a long braid, but mother is not let me stay, I do not agree, but there is no way, had to leave a short hair.

My mother told me that my name was very meaningful. Because of the Xia Dynasty is the first dynasty Chinese, Emperor Yao and shun China is the earliest and most kind-hearted monarch, mom and dad gave me this name, is the hope that Ill do.

I am a good student in my class. I can finish my homework every day on time. I can check it after I finish it. In class, I can speak actively and help the students, so the teacher chose me as her little assistant.

At home I often help my mother do the housework, such as tow the floor, wipe the table, help my mother to buy food. When my parents are out of work, I can also go to the canteen to eat.

You see, am I great? Would you like to be a friend with me?

我叫夏舜尧，今年八岁，上小学二年级。我有一张圆圆的脸，乌黑的大眼睛，大大的招风耳。我的头发又黑又亮，还有点卷。其实，我很想留长辫子，可是妈妈就是不让我留，我不同意，但也没办法，只好留了个短发。

妈妈告诉我，我的名字很有意义。因为夏朝是中国第一个朝代，尧帝和舜帝是中国最早的最善良的君主，爸爸妈妈给我取这个名字，是希望我将来大有作为。

我在班上是个好学生，每天的作业都能按时完成，做完后也能自己检查。上课时能积极发言，爱帮助同学，所以老师才选我当她的小助手。

在家里我经常帮妈妈干家务，比如拖地板、抹桌子，帮妈妈买菜。爸妈没下班的时候，我还能自己到食堂打饭吃呢。

你看，我是不是很棒?你愿意和我做朋友吗?

First day of losing weight

Today is the first day of my plan of losing weight.This morning , i drunk

only a cup of milk oatmeal as plan,and then i started to studied my english.when

it was 10：00 am, the inner man began to crave the nourishment, i couldnt

concentrate my attention to study， and there fried all kinds of delicious food

in my brain:hamburgers、dumplings、egg fried rice and omelette…… .After ten

minutes strugling，I couldnt help that anymore! I rushed to the kitchen, in

which then i ate whatever that was eatable!After that i finally gave up to lose

weight, thinking that im not that fat to need to go on a diet. Anyway, i should

continue to enjoy delicious food which i think is most beautiful thing in the

world.

参考翻译

减肥的第一天

今天是我减肥计划的第一天。今天早上，按照计划，我只喝了一杯牛奶燕麦，然后就去学习英语了。到了上午10点钟的时候，我的肚子开始咕咕叫想要吃东西了，我不能集中精神好好学习，满脑子飞过各种各样的美食：汉堡包、饺子、蛋炒饭、煎蛋……经过10分钟的挣扎，我终于忍不住了!我冲进厨房，把所有能吃的食物都吃了!吃完之后，想着自己其实并没有胖到要节食的地步，我最终决定放弃减肥。不过怎么样，我应该继续享受我所认为是世界上最美好的东西——美食。

Good morning,everyone! I`m very happy to have this chance to give my

presentation. Before I start my speech, please let me ask you a question. Do you

think you are confident in yourself? If you are, do please raise your hand.

My topic today is “ to Be a Confident Person.”

What is confidence? Confidence is to trust yourself. Confidence is to look

upon yourself. It is not to indulge in self-admiration. It is not to get

extremely arrogant. It is not to get dizzy with success or to be opinionated. It

is just to inspire yourself ahead of a quality of mind, in high spirit, full of

energy. It is to meet the challenges of life in a positive mood. It is to

overcome your inferiority, farewell, to get rid of the trouble of a a ready-made

panacea.

Remember, I have just entered junior high school. In the face of the

challenge of new environment, in the face of so many new courses and learning

contents, I lost faith in my own and gradually developed a psychological sense

of inferiority. Achievement glided ceaselessly. It is a teacher and mother who

encouraged me and let me regain confidence. Gradually, my grades got higher and

higher and everything began to go on well. Gradually I adapted to the life in

middle school.

Friends, lets say goodbye to inferiority. Let’s be a confident person.

Because: only if you have self-confidence, can you control yourself; only if you

have confidence, can you achieve success and create your a brilliant life of

your own!

大家好!

今天我演讲的题目是：做一个自信的人。

什么是自信?自信，就是自己信得过自己，自己看得起自己。它，不是孤芳自赏，也不是夜郎自大，更不是得意忘形和自以为是;而是激励自己奋发进取的一种心里素质，是以高昂的斗志，充沛的干劲迎接生活挑战的一种乐观情绪;是战胜自己，告别自卑，摆脱烦恼的一种灵丹妙药。

还记得，我刚刚升入初中时，面对新的环境，面对那么多的新的课程和学习内容，我对自己失去了信心，逐渐产生了自卑心理，成绩不断下滑，是老师和妈妈及时帮助我、鼓励我，让我重新找回自信。渐渐的，我的学习成绩及各个方面都有明显进步，逐渐适应了初中的生活。

朋友们，让我们告别自卑，做一个自信的人吧。因为：只有拥有自信，才能拥有自我;只有拥有自信，才能走向成功，才能创造自己辉煌的人生。

My school is Tailan primary school, Thats a good place, this is a

beautiful school.

There are many flowers, many classrooms, many leaves, many offices, a large

hall, a playground in our school, in the playground we can run and play. Also

there is a garden in my school, many flowers and trees in it, we often walk in

the garden after lunch.

I like my school very much! Do you like my school?

我的学校是泰蓝小学，这是一个好地方，是一个美丽的学校。

在我们学校里有许多花，许多教室，许多落叶，许多办公室，一个大厅，一个操场，在操场上我们可以奔跑和玩耍。在我的学校也有一个花园，花园里种有许多鲜花和树木，午饭后我们经常在花园里散步。

我非常喜欢我的学校!你喜欢我的学校吗?

In my home, there is a very lovely small animals, that is my mother gave me gift.

It was wearing a white and black clothes, looks like a gentleman; He has two small eyes, always hovering, at night, became "emerald"; Its ears are very cute, sharp, like a small mountain.

It is very naughty fish. Once I give it a fish, in your hands in it eyes want to, it also unmoved. I was a little angry said to it: "small cute, why dont you eat?" I think, it may be afraid to eat. So I deliberately turn head, have never thought, my hands move, see it quickly put the fish away, and then to eat with relish. Is really naughty!

It loved playing thread, of course. On one occasion, a bag of thread accidentally fell out. It saw the colorful small ball, curious. Then walk in the past, it is a little bit afraid of points with the hand a offline, see string, no reaction, then dare to play. But it more play more crazy, running around in the house, rolling on the ground, put in the room at sixes and sevens. Finally, get tired of it, to see so disorderly, hurriedly came, to my name, as if he were to me for help. Cant, dont want to be mother knew, had to help it to pick up the pieces.

Now you know who it is? It is a lovely cat. It is my friend! My joys and sorrows, will tell it, share my happiness with it. Every time I test is bad, they will also use wool rub my legs, as if to say again: "master, dont lose heart, trying to point, you will succeed next time!" When I get good grades, the kitten again as if to say: "dont be proud!" So, I have the "partners" and feel happy!

在我家里，有一只非常可爱的小动物，那是我妈妈送给我的礼物。

它穿着一身白黑相间的衣服，看起来就像一位绅士;他有两只小眼睛，总是转来转去，一到晚上，便成了"绿宝石”;它的耳朵也十分可爱，尖尖的，就像一座小山峰。

它吃鱼时很顽皮。有一次我给它一条鱼，拿在手上在它眼睛要来晃去，它也无动于衷。我便有点生气的对它说：“小可爱，你怎么不吃啊?”我想啊，它可能害怕不敢吃。于是，我故意扭转头，没想到，我手中一动，只见它飞快地把鱼叼走了，然后津津有味地吃起来。真是顽皮!

它最爱玩得当然是线团。有一次，袋子里的线团不小心掉了出来。它看见这五颜六色的小圆球，感到很好奇。便走过去，它有点害怕的用手点一下线团，见线团没什么反应，便渐渐敢玩了。可是它越玩越疯狂，在屋里跑来跑去，在地上滚来滚去，把屋里弄得乱七八糟。最后，它玩累了，看到这么乱，连忙走过来，对着我叫，像是在向我求救。没办法，要不想被妈妈知道，只好帮它收拾残局。

现在你知道它是谁了吗?它就是可爱的小猫。它还是我的朋友呢!我的喜怒哀乐，都会告诉它，与它分享我的快乐。每当我考试不好，小猫就会用毛蹭我的腿，好像再说：“主人，别灰心，在努力点，下次你一定会成功的!”当我取得好成绩，小猫又好像在说：“别骄傲哟!”所以，我拥有这个“伙伴”而感到开心!

Protecting the Wild Animals

Last week, I saw a very impressive documentary about panda. A professor studied panda in the early 1980s went to the wild life and kept trace of wild giant panda for many years. As a result, he found that it was human being that made these lovely animals die out. At that time, many people believed that giant panda became less because of the low rate of newborn babies. But it was not true. People cut trees for making profit at that time. Panda lose homeland and they lacked of food. Thanks to these valuable data, the government took the policy to protect the animals. So today, the number of giant panda is increasing. People realize the importance of protecting the environment and it is the best way to protect wild animals, they are the indispensable part of the nature.

上周，我看了一部令人印象非常深刻的关于熊猫的纪录片。一位教授在20年代80年代早期就开始研究熊猫，他到野外生活，多年寻找野生大熊猫的踪迹。结果，他发现，正是人类，让这些可爱的动物面临灭绝。当时，许多人认为，大熊猫变少是因为新生儿的低出生率。这是不正确。人们为了利益砍伐树木，熊猫失去了家园，也没有食物吃。多亏了这些有价值的数据，政府采取了政策去保护它们。所以现在，大熊猫的数量正在增加。人们意识到保护环境的重要性，这也是最好的方法来保护野生动物，因为它们是大自然不可或缺的一部分。

正月初三，阳光明媚。爸爸带着我们一起去北门广场观看春节文艺演出。

At the beginning of the month three, the sun is bright. Dad took us to the North Gate Square to watch the spring festival performance.

一到那里，演出已经开始了。我们的脚底像装了马达似的跑向拥挤的人群，坐在座位上全神贯注地看了起来。节目可精彩了，有悠扬的歌声，令人陶醉其中，有优美的舞姿，令人赞不绝口，有滑稽有趣的小品，令人捧腹大笑，还有一群群活泼可爱的小朋友表演的惟妙惟肖，台下鼓起了一阵阵热烈的掌声。

As soon as there was there, the performance had begun. The bottom of our feet, like a motor, ran toward the crowds, sitting in their seats and looking at them. The program can be wonderful, with melodious songs, intoxicated with the beautiful dance, full of praise, a funny comedy, hilarious, and small groups of friends lively show vivid, under his warm applause.

时间就像小马车一样“笃笃笃”地开过去，春节文艺演出结束了。我们就去广场的对面玩沙子了，那里有很多小朋友，他们有的用铲子，有的用罐子，还有的用推车，玩得可开心了。

Time is like a pony car "Du Du Du" opened in the past, the spring festival performances ended. We went to the opposite side of the square to play sand. There were many children. Some of them had fun using shovels, some cans and carts.

天色渐渐地暗下来了，我们依依不舍地离开了广场。

It was getting dark down, we left the square to reluctant to part.

今天是大年三十，除夕夜。家家户户都是一家人坐在一起吃年夜饭。

Today is thirty of the year, new years Eve. Every family is a family sitting together to eat a years dinner.

没吃一会儿门外就响起了“噌……碰”或者“啪啪啪……”的声响，我们一家人放下碗、筷，跑到门口看，这是哥哥说了一句话：不如我们也拿几个烟火出来放吧！我们所有人点头表示同意。我们将烟火放在门前，哥哥走到烟火旁用打火机点燃，便马上跑了回来。我听见“噌……”的一声就回过头来看，只见一朵花，无颜六色：红的象征着喜庆，蓝的象征着智慧、绿的象征着生机、黄的象征着温暖、紫的象征着浪漫……一会天女散花，一会枪林弹雨，七色的小球一颗颗落下，犹如一道彩虹。这是几乎所有的人家都开始放烟花了，一瞬间天空变成了烟花的海洋，各种色彩，各种样子，都在天空中绽开。快乐的寒假作文200字

Rang "bass didnt have a door...... Touch "or" popping......" The sound of the sound, our family put down the bowl, chopsticks, run to the door to see, this is the brother said a word: it is not as good as we also take a few fireworks out to put it! All of us nodded to express consent. We put the fireworks in front of the door, and the brother came to the fire and lit it with a lighter, and then he ran back. I hear the bass......" With a look back, I saw a flower without color. Red symbolizes joy. Blue symbolizes intelligence and green, which symbolizes vitality. Yellow symbolizes warmth and purple, symbolizing romance. A moment later seven a hail of bullets, The heavenly maids scatter blossoms., a ball down, like a rainbow. Almost all the people began to put off fireworks, and in a moment the sky turned into a sea of fireworks. All kinds of colors and appearances were blooming in the sky. 200 words of happy winter vacation

深夜伴随着十秒钟声倒计时的响起，又是一阵“噼里啪啦……”的声响，人们好像在庆祝这新的一年的到来的确，在这值得高兴的日子里，唯有烟花，才能吐出我们那喜悦的心情；唯有烟花，才能烘托这喜庆的气氛。除夕的烟花异常的美丽，人们脸上的笑容异常灿烂，鞭炮声异常的响……

The night with the sound sounded ten seconds countdown, it is a "crackling......" The sound of people seems to be celebrating this new year. Indeed, in this happy day, only fireworks can spit out our joyful mood. Only fireworks can foil this festive atmosphere. The unusual beauty of the fireworks on the eve of the new years Eve, the smiling face of the peoples face, the abnormal sound of the sound of the firecrackers...

促成一个人获得成功有很多的因素。不论是读书还是工作，如果可以努力、诚实、聪明、负责任等，就比较有可能获得成功。但在所有可能影响成功与否的特点中，基于下列得理由，我认为自信最重要。

第一个理由就是，当一个人有自信的时候，就会相信自己的能力。他会相信自己可以而且一定会成功，这一点让他有勇气尝试新事物。

想要成功，我们必须愿意冒险，所以有自信是很重要的。

另一个理由是，有信心的人很少放弃，即使失败了，还是会不断尝试，直到成功。最后一个理由是，有信心的人不怕炫耀自己的成就，这并不表示他们应该自夸，而是应该优雅、有信心地接受别人的赞美。当他们在学业或工作上的成就更受人注目时，成功的可能性就更高了。

简言之，我认为自信是成功最重要的因素。自信使人勇于冒险，失败了会再接再厉，成功时能享受自己的成就。有了这些能力，有信心的人就能够轻易地在学业或工作上获得成功。

相关标签: 重要Important 成功Success 乐观Optimistic

他从灰暗中走出来写出了明朗乐观的《第二交响曲》。之后

贝多芬 雕像

贝多芬 雕像更多更好的音乐在他的笔下源源不断的涌现。《第三交响曲》英雄、《第五交响曲》命运、《第六交响曲》田园还有优美动听、洋溢着欢乐的小提琴协奏曲以及绚丽多彩的钢琴协奏曲和奏鸣曲。

贝多芬创作活动的成熟过程表面看来是相当迟缓的但实际上却非常稳固。他三十岁时才开始写第一部交响曲而在象这样年纪的莫扎特已经写了四十部左右的交响曲了。

贝多芬从1796年开始便已感到听觉日渐衰弱，但是直到1801年当他确信自己的耳疾无法医治时才把这件事情告诉给他的朋友。但是他对艺术的爱和对生活的爱战胜了他个人的苦痛和绝望，苦难变成了他的创作力量的源泉。在这样一个精神危机发展到顶峰的时候，他开始创作他的乐观主义的《英雄交响曲》。《英雄交响曲》标志着贝多芬的精神的转机同时，也标志着他创作的"英雄年代"的开始。

贝多芬在维也纳的后一阶段由于欧洲正经历着严重的政治反动时期即梅特涅的反动统治特别的猖獗的时期，他的创作也暂时呈现颓势(1813~1817)。从1818年起在贝多芬一生的最后十年当中(1818一1827)他在耳朵全聋、健康情况恶化和生活贫困精神上受到折磨的情况下仍以巨人般的毅力创作了《第九合唱交响曲》总结了他光辉的、史诗般的一生并展现了人类的美好愿望。 1823年贝多芬完成了最后一部巨作《第九交响曲》合唱。这部作品创造了他理想中的世界。

贝多芬于1827年3月26日在维也纳辞世。死时没有一个亲人在他身旁，但是在同月29日下葬时却形成了群众性的一个浪潮，所有的学校全部停课表示哀悼，有两万群众护送着他的棺柩，他的墓碑上铭刻着奥地利诗人格利尔巴采(1791~1827)的题词“当你站在他的灵柩跟前的时候，笼罩着你的并不是志颓气丧，而是一种崇高的感情。我们只有对他这样一个人才可以说他完成了伟大的事业……。”

贝多芬是世界艺术史上的伟大作曲家之一，他的创作集中体现了他那巨人般的性格，反映了那个时代的进步思想，它的革命英雄主义形象可以用"通过苦难--走向欢乐通过斗争--获得胜利"加以概括。他的作品了既壮丽宏伟又极朴实鲜明，它的音乐内容丰富同时又易于为听众所理解和接受。贝多芬的音乐集中体现了他那个时代人民的痛苦和欢乐斗争和胜利。因此它过去总是那样激励着人们，鼓舞着人们的斗志，即使在现在也使人们感到亲切和鼓舞。

常见小说的创作技巧

一篇好的小说，并不在于它对于传统的继承和模仿。而是颠覆与背叛前人的遗留。以1922年为界，小说的这一进步特征越来越明显。因为那一年是现代派全面爆发的里程碑。从此，外国文学界皆对此奉若神明。真正实现了"百家争鸣、百花齐放"的景象。人人风格、手法皆自成一家。凡是对前辈的模仿都没有什么出路，他们只能背叛，不断地创新，于是形成了今天小说异彩纷呈的局面。

生活与想象力

世人皆云："艺术源于生活但是高于生活"，此话不假。但问题是，小说到底是要偏向于生活描写，还是"乘物以游心"，成为了当代中国文坛的一大问题。须知早在东周时期，庄子就能写出类似于现代派手法的散文，但是从那以后，中国再也没有出现过类似作家。究其原因，不外乎两条：1，儒家牢不可破的思想统治，他们禁锢了中国人千年的自由。2，民间多年形成的爱看故事的陋习，这最是阻碍艺术家的产生。所以至今，国人仍是故事至上，懒得思考小说中的问题。大部分人浑浑噩噩，毫不自觉存在，这不得不说是奴性所致。书商以利益至上，不断投其所好。于是出现了太多"垃圾小说"，如同洋快餐，没有营养而且吃过就忘的作品，仅仅可供消遣。当年巴尔扎克曾立志写一部《人间喜剧》结果没有写完便撒手人寰。巴尔扎克一代文豪，悲天悯人。却并不为笔者所欣赏。正如莫罗亚为普鲁斯特《追忆似水年华》撰序所言："《人间喜剧》把外部世界作为自己的领地…他也确实描述了整整一个社会。相反，普鲁斯特的一个独到之处是他对材料的选择并不在意。"用巴尔扎克的方法写作的话，那么小说迟早要走入穷途末路。因为在描绘外部世界的能力上，小说远远不如电视、照相机，甚至油画。但是小说作为人类的产物，而不是上帝的，却能够通过观察外部世界来获得对自身的某种认知。因为"世界是被人类精神反映和歪曲的世界".这也就是为什么说"艺术源于生活但是高于生活".在现代派的手底下，经常会有一些匪夷所思的场景与情节。但是仔细寻思，这些被抽象出的东西却在生活中有其本来面目。比方说卡夫卡描绘的"城堡"、"审判"的意象，实在都是不可能的事情。但是我们不就是生活在如此一个官僚、蛮横、强者至上、权力意志第一、阴暗面同样很大的世界中么？然而就是这样的意象，才体现出作为一个文学家思想性的不朽价值。因此，生活是小说的基础，想象力是小说的根本。二_小说的意象意象是否突出、高明，是一部小说成败与否的关键。当然"成败"不指销量。以下分析几个具体例子。

线索性强的意象

马尔克斯的《百年孤独》中，家族第一代因近亲结婚生下一个长着猪尾巴的孩子，家族因此得到创立。家族的最后一代，又因同样原因生下同样一个长着猪尾巴的孩子，家族因此完结。这一线索串起了马贡多的百年兴衰，恍惚会有时间错位的感觉。靠一个意象，作者便生发了整部作品。思想性强的意象：博尔赫斯的"迷宫"（小径分叉的花园）。时间是一座错综复杂的迷宫，是无限连续的，是分散、集中、扩散的网。每一个分叉的路口，选择不同也会导致不同结局。这一意象完全颠覆了传统线性的时间观念，堪称经典。共谋性强的意象组合：托尔斯泰《战争与和平》中，安德烈公爵因为瞥了一眼橡树叶，同时听到姑娘们的欢声笑语，重新点燃了生活的希望，改变了命运。这一组合使用频率太高，随处可见，也体现出它的威力所在。其他类型的意象，实在还有很多，笔者就不一一赘言了。

小说的结构

这是专业人士评点小说的依据之一。本来对普通读者，结构根本无所谓，只要你别写的东一榔头西一棒子就行。殊不知结构恰恰是小说赖以生存的根本。结构是否特别，在小说评价中并不占有绝对分量。关键是这个结构必须适合这个材料与构思。比如说村上春树《海边的卡夫卡》一书，使用了双明线、一暗线的结构。两个明线人物不同，事件不同，空间不同，但却隐隐约约纠纠缠缠，最后终于汇合，同时从未真正清楚介绍的暗线也真相大白：原来是两个明线的根源。接着就看出两条明线间人物的对应关系。这种悬疑小说式的结构使人激动不已。此结构也与此书成为近年来罕见的经典作品。而米兰_昆德拉的大多数小说，都使用了巴赫音乐式的复调结构，各部分间形成了"13531"式的音乐结构。符合昆德拉哲理性强、人物不固定的写作特点，恰如其分。

文学与艺术、哲学的大融合

这又是现代派另一趋势。后现代派的作家们开始从现代先锋艺术家那里汲取灵感。达利、毕加索等大师影响了一代文学家，他们开始借鉴美术的创作手法与关注内容。昆德拉更是醉心于哲学研究，并确立了自己小说浓重的哲学风格。相信后现代派也会在这方面走得更远。

小说的冲力与张力

一部高水准的小说，必然可以具有足够的冲力，冲破空间的阻碍、时间的诅咒。囿于空间、时间的作品，大部分都是庸常之作。正如乔伊斯《尤利西斯》一样，敢于"想到想不到".因为时间、空间等，都是一篇故事的必要因素，而不是真正小说的。综观现代派文学，没有任何一位大师甘于受困于此，而是自由、思想至上，决不做现实的奴隶！张力又是小说精彩的保证。它并不是打动人心的情节，而是和结构有关的、前后呼应或形成落差的力量。这种力量使小说不再苍白，仅仅是无力的说教，而能够真正靠文学魅力打动人心。典型例子就有昆德拉多次使用的"假实证幻"的手法。让小说的结局提前，结尾在戛然而止的某一刻，《不朽》《不能承受的生命之轻》等均使用了这一手法。瞬间使读者感觉到、命运的苍白、情节的精彩。

小说的未来

笔者斗胆做一回预言者。近年来现代文学界渐有疲软之势。2003年的诺贝尔文学奖获奖作品《耻》十足反映了这一趋势。其水平根本无法与过去任何一位大师相提并论。要知道就连昆德拉，至今也仍未获奖。社会潮流不再有利于小说创作，一切围绕市场指挥棒转。在这种情况下，小说很可能就此式微，或是倒退。这本身或许也是时代需要。从此小说将划分为两大阵营：商业小说与纯文学小说。1922年那样的黄金年代恐怕短时间内难以到来。然而当世界再度堕入苦难中时，物质会受挫，小说也会再度抬头。小说的可能境地，实在难以穷尽。只要你想，没有写不出的。因为"世界是被人类精神反映和歪曲的世界"，因为（借用一句广告语）"我能，无限可能！"小说如何才能"好看"小说要想写得好看，首先有故事。故事是一篇小说高度凝炼之后的内核，是小说的心脏。现在，越来越多的人认识到故事在一篇小说中的重要性。有的刊物开辟的栏目就叫"好看小说".其前提是好看的小说应有好看的故事。小说家是艺术家。正如音乐家是用优美的乐章思维一样，小说家是用故事来思维，他的人生观、个性由此体现出来。读者想要知道引起自己兴趣的人物命运如何，事件的发展趋势、结局是什么，情节会满足这种要求。故事应该能够表现人物性格的发展，能够和题材相适应，合情合理；情节像不断引导读者兴趣的路标，一步一步带领读者进入自己的艺术殿堂，进入你所要求的那种心境。你不能轻易让读者看出你的意图，要不断设置障碍，甚至误导读者，声东击西，一会儿让读者最不愿的事情发生，一会儿又让读者意料不到的事情出现，千方计抓住读者的注意力，让他看不出上了小说家的圈套。现实主义题材的作品好理解，有些意识流小说或心理小说等，情绪化东西四处弥漫，似乎不容易理解。其实，这类小说也是有故事的。它的故事虽然只是一种意向、情绪上的扑朔迷离，但包裹着心理内核是能感受出来的。一切外在的东西就由此繁衔出来。这类作品中故事可能是在一个你不熟悉的或没有料到的平面上，它们可能写的是心理的、情绪的或内在的事物。直觉与思想也很重要。作家的文化底蕴是衡量作品深度、成败、高下的尺度，主题思想的体现往往与文化底蕴相辅相成，互为补充、完善。一部小说打动读者的也往往体现在这方面。那么，思想意识又从何而来呢？小说家的思想更多的是来自于他的感觉（直觉）。他可能仅仅意识到人物应该这样而不应该那样，情节这样发展比那样更流畅。为什么如此，则很多人可能并不能自觉地意识到。小说家并不是哲学家。深奥的思想也许并不能产生优秀的小说作品。直觉是认识的出发点，它将人的主观感觉以艺术化的形式表现出来，这仍是艺术的特殊属性。这其实也符合一个规律，如果先有立意（意欲表现什么）的桎梏，围绕这个什么"主题"来硬加上些东西，这是创作上的大忌。其次，作家的创作主题意图与受众阅读后获得的主题感受常常并不相同，甚至南辕北辙。"直觉"意识是弥足珍贵的，它如电光火石般稍纵即逝。把握住这可贵的"一瞬"，则有赖于作家长期的思考。思考是一个过程。一方面是对过去积累的思想意识、精神、道德评判、价值观等等的体验，另一方面是对叙述表层下各种主题碎片予以挖掘、整合。寻找作品的深度，直觉往往是致命一击。小说应该从正在发展、变化、行进中的历史（现在时），而不是从已经发生的历史（过去时），去提炼自己的思想意识。要有超前的洞察力和观察力，敏锐、敏感、极富预见性，善于发现别人所忽略的现象和细节。具有有别于一般人的识活动，能辩别出事物的基本性格特征，当别人只看到部分时，小说家能预见到整体，能抓住其精神实质。除细节外，他能看出决定人的精神状态是什么，周围人没有注意到，而常常连作品中人物自己也意识不到的东西，从而创作出人物独特的性格。那时，也许是人物自己左右、操纵着自己的命运发展。特别是当你把人物尽可能的想透彻，而人物已经在你心中生根、变得有血有肉、呼之欲出的时候，更是如此。因此托尔斯泰说：先不去想情节的发展，在写作之前，先把自己的人物尽可能的认识清楚。作家的观察力不是"摄影"，而是能够引起作家共鸣而又经过作家透明理解的那些观察，才能使作家创作出非常真实、生动、能够表现社会面貌的优秀作品。优秀的小说家总是在追求着叙述语言的个性化，完善着自己的叙述风格。但就整体而言，写作者在写作主体意识上对叙述语言着意进行把握、操纵者，似乎较之以前要少多了。平白直露的作品比比皆是。许多作品仅仅是在叙述一件事，讲述一个故事而已。叙述语言的技巧艺术荡然无存。