英语原版小说的阅读技巧与策略 作文范文(汇集20篇)

一、代入法

这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如：

1. 他从不承认自己的失败。

He never admits his failure.

2. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。

The match attracted a large crowd.

3. 他把蛋糕分成4块。

He divided the cake into four pieces.

二、还原法

即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如：

1. 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?

Is this the train for Glasgow?

还原为陈述句：This is the train for Glasgow.

2. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。

It was because he loved my money that he married me.

还原为非强调句：Because he loved my money, he married me.

3. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.

还原为正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.

三、分解法

把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了，又能减少写错句子的几率。如：

1. 我们要干就要干好。

If we do a thing, we should do it well.

2. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。

There are students here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.

四、合并法

就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力，同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如：

1. 我们迷路了，这使我们的旅行变成了一次冒险。

Our trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.

2. 天气转晴了，这是我们没有想到的。

The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.

3. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。

Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their cooperation.

五、删减法

就是在写英语句子时，把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如：

1. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。

This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.

注：汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。

2. 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。

Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.

注：汉语说“个子不高”，其实就是“不高”。也就是说，其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。

六、移位法

由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。如：

1. 他发现赚点外快很容易。

He found it easy to earn extra money.

注：it在此为形式宾语，真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money。

2. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。

The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.

注：who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句，应置于其后。

3. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。

It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.

注：not...until...为英语中的固定句式，其意为“直到……才……”。

七、分析法

指根据要表示的汉语意思，通过进行语法分析和句式判断，然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如：

1. 从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。

Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.

注：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，由于the matter与see之间为被动关系，故see要用过去分词seen。

2. 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。

Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.

注：如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，则用现在分词的完成式。

八、意译法

有的同学在写句子时，一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达，就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实，此时我们可以设法绕开难点，在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。如：

1. 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。

Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.

2. 有志者事竟成。

Where there is a will, there is a way.

3. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中，悉听尊便。

You can go with us or stay at home, whichever you choose.

There were three of them. There were four of us, and April lay on the campsite and on the river, a mixture of dawn at a damp extreme and the sun in the leaves at cajole. This was Deer Lodge on the Pine River in Ossipee, New Hampshire, though the lodge was naught but a foundation remnant in the earth. Brother Bentleys father, Oren, had found this place sometime after the First World War, a foreign affair that had seriously done him no good but he found solitude abounding here. Now we were here, post World War II, post Korean War, Vietnam War on the brink. So much learned, so much yet to learn.

Peace then was everywhere about us, in the riot of young leaves, in the spree of bird confusion and chatter, in the struggle of pre-dawn animals for the start of a new day, a Cooper Hawk that had smashed down through trees for a squealing rabbit, yap of a fox at a youngster, a skunk at rooting.

We had pitched camp in the near darkness, Ed LeBlanc, Brother Bentley, Walter Ruszkowski, myself. A dozen or more years we had been here, and seen no one. Now, into our campsite deep in the forest, so deep that at times we had to rebuild sections of narrow road (more a loggers path) flushed out by earlier rains, deep enough where we thought wed again have no traffic, came a growling engine, an old solid body van, a Chevy, the kind I had driven for Frankie Pike and the Lobster Pound in Lynn delivering lobsters throughout the Merrimack Valley. It had pre-WW II high fenders, a faded black paint on a body youd swear had been hammered out of corrugated steel, and an engine that made sounds too angry and too early for the start of day. Two elderly men, we supposed in their seventies, sat the front seat; felt hats at the slouch and decorated with an assortment of tied flies like a miniature bandoleer of ammunition on the band. They could have been conscripts for Emilano Zappata, so loaded their hats and their vests as they climbed out of the truck.

"Mornin, been yet?" one of them said as he pulled his boots up from the folds at his knees, the tops of them as wide as a big mouth bass coming up from the bottom for a frog sitting on a lily pad. His hands were large, the fingers long and I could picture them in a shop barn working a primal plane across the face of a maple board. Custom-made, old elegance, those hands said.

"Barely had coffee," Ed LeBlanc said, the most vocal of the four of us, quickest at friendship, at shaking hands. "Weve got a whole pot almost. Have what you want." The pot was pointed out sitting on a hunk of grill across the stones of our fire, flames licking lightly at its sides. The pot appeared as if it had been at war, a number of dents scarred it, the handle had evidently been replaced, and if not adjusted against a small rock it would have fallen over for sure. Once, a half-hour on the road heading north, noting it missing, wed gone back to get it. When we fished the Pine River, coffee was the glue, the morning glue, the late evening glue, even though wed often unearth our beer from a natural cooler in early evening. Coffee, camp coffee, has a ritual. It is thick, it is dark, it is potboiled over a squaw-pine fire, it is strong, it is enough to wake the demon in you, stoke last evenings cheese and pepperoni. First man up makes the fire, second man the coffee; but into that pot has to go fresh eggshells to hold the grounds down, give coffee a taste of history, a sense of place. That means at least one egg be cracked open for its shells, usually in the shadows and glimmers of false dawn. I suspect thats where "scrambled eggs" originated, from some camp like ours, settlers rushing west, lumberjacks hungry, hoboes lobbying for breakfast. So, camp coffee has made its way into poems, gatherings, memories, a time and thing not letting go, not being manhandled, not being cast aside.

英语作文阅读：AnEmptyBox

Once upon a time, a man punished his 5-year-old daughter for using up the familys only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. Money was tight, and he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve, he saw that the child had pasted the gold paper so as to decorate a shoebox to put under the Christmas tree.

Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!"

As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction.

But when he opened it, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Dont you know, young lady, " he said harshly, "when you give someone a present theres supposed to be something inside the package!"

The little girl looked up at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: "Daddy, its not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full."

The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.

An accident took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child who had put it there.

In a very real sense, each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God.

There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.

英语作文阅读：HappinessEquateswithFun

I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful inpiduals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness".

But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness.

The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.

英语作文阅读：TodayisaGift

Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.

They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.

The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.

One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.

Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.

As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.

The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."

英语作文阅读：IsPackingImportanttoYou

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealers showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.

As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young mans name embossed in gold.

Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.

Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.

When he arrived at his fathers house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his fathers important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.

With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealers name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".

How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we dont realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.

英语作文阅读：TheBabyEagle

Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams, trees and lots of little animals, scurrying about enjoying their lives.

The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable, had a great view, and even better, he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him, he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic.

The baby eagle was hungry all the time, but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time.

Until one day, the mother stopped coming to the nest.

The baby eagle was hungry. "Im sure to die," said the baby eagle, all the time.

"Very soon, death is coming," he cried, with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him.

Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff, with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried "Why did you abandon me? Im going to die any minute. How could you do this to me?"

The mother said, "Here is some very tasty and nourishing food, all you have to do is come get it."

"Come get it!" said the baby, with much anger. "How?"

The mother flew away.

The baby cried and cried and cried.

A few days later, "Im going to end it all," he said. "I give up. It is time for me to die."

He didnt know his mother was nearby. She swooped down to the nest with his last meal.

"Eat this, its your last meal," she said.

The baby cried, but he ate and whined and whined about what a bad mother she was.

"Youre a terrible mother," he said. Then she pushed him out of the nest.

He fell.

Head first.

Picked up speed.

Faster and faster.

He screamed. "Im dying Im dying," he cried. He picked up more speed.

He looked up at his mother. "How could you do this to me?"

He looked down.

The ground rushed closer, faster and faster. He could visualize his own death so clearly, coming so soon, and cried and whined and complained. "This isnt fair!" he screamed.

Something strange happens.

The air caught behind his arms and they snapped away from his body, with a feeling unlike anything he had ever experienced. He looked down and saw the sky. He wasnt moving towards the ground anymore, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.

"Huh?" he said. "What is going on here!"

"Youre flying," his mother said.

"This is fun!" laughed the baby eagle, as he soared and ped and swooped.

"Yes it is!" said the mother.

[英语作文阅读：The Three Fishermen

一、关于人物：

1、辨识小说的主人公。

最能表现小说主题的人物，是小说的主人公。

2、概括人物形象。

姓名+性格（品行）+身份（职业、评价）

3、指出塑造人物形象的方法。

①正面描写。也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态、细节描写来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。

②侧面描写。也叫间接描写，即通过他人的言行间接地描写主人公。

小说对××人进行了××××描写，表现了他的××××性格。

4 、概括人物的性格特征。

A、抓人物的行动、语言、外貌、心理活动。

B、抓富有表现力的词语。

C、抓人物的多个方面和不同表现。从一个方面一件事概括人物特点是不全面的，所以，在概括人物特点时，要从多个材料，多方面地分析人物的表现和变化来归纳人物的特点。

二、关于环境：

A社会环境描写：①交代时代背景。②交代社会习俗。③交代思想观念。④交代人与人之间的关系。⑤揭示小说的主旨。

公式：这是××××描写，交代了××××，揭示了××××。

B景物描写：①交代故事发生的背景。②推动故事情节的发展。

③烘托人物的心理活动及感受。④渲染气氛。

公式：这是××××描写，渲染了××××气氛，烘托了××××心情，

为下文××××作铺垫。

三、关于情节：

1、概括故事情节。

××人干××事。

××人在××时××地××干××事。

2、如何做填空题。

A 、由已知推未知。故事情节，指的是开端、发展、高潮、结局。要看清楚题目要求填的是什么。

B、读懂所给的示例 ，格式、语气要一致。

四、关于标题：

1、标题的含义。

表层义（即字面义）+深层义（比喻义或引申义或指代义）。

2、标题的作用。

①点明小说的中心。②高度概括小说的主要内容。③是贯穿全文的线索。

④交代主要人物。⑤引起读者阅读的兴趣。

3、 给小说拟标题。

A、看中心句。B、看开头和结尾。C、看文中反复出现的句子。

五、指出关键性词语的含义并赏析关键性词语。

表层义（即字面义）+深层义（比喻义或引申义或指代义）。

××词语用得很好，它的原意是××××，在这里的意思是××××，表现了××××（结合小说主题）。

六、赏析关键性句。

A、从修辞的角度。

修辞方法+效果+语境作用+表达了××××感情（或××××主题）。

B、从哲理的角度。

表层义（即字面义）+蕴涵了××××哲理。

C、从用词的角度。

××词用得很好+效果+语境作用+表达了××××感情（或××××主题）。

七、概括小说的主旨。

通过××××，表达了（揭露了、赞扬了） ××××。

比如：这篇小说通过菲利普夫妇对亲兄弟于勒的态度反复变化最终弃而不认的故

事，揭露了资本主义社会人与人之间的关系是赤裸裸的金钱关系。

八、赏析小说的写作特色。

①正面描写与侧面描写相结合。②衬托。③对比。④象征。⑤设置悬念。

⑥铺垫。⑦照应等。

九、揣摩人物的情感。

一抓，抓住句子中直接表现人物情感的词语。比如：“他高兴地说”中的“高兴”。

二析，即分析重点词语。比如：《生日》一文中，“百感交集”一词，是形容很多感情交织在一起的，那么体会人物情感时，应该是很多种，而不是一种。

写作教学对于帮助学生了解英语思维方式，形成用英语进行思维的习惯，提高学生综合运用语言知识的能力大有益处。下面是小编为你带来的小学英语写作技巧指导，欢迎阅读。

对于小学3年级的学生，在他们已经掌握好了如颜色(colour)、衣服(clothes)、数字(number)、星期(day of the week)、月份(month)、宠物(pet)、情感(feeling)、身体部位(body)、文具(school things)的基础上进行文章的填空，如果学生能够按照文章的要求写进相关的信息，那就已经很不错了。下面是一个自我介绍的简单例子：

Myself

Hello，my name is_____. I am_____years old.My favourite colour is_____，_____， and_____.My favourite pet is______，_____ and______. My favourite food is_____，______and______.My favourite day is______. My favourite school thing is______and______.My favourite number is and______.I am______today.

上面的这个例子，如果学生能够依次能吧自己的姓名、年龄、喜欢的颜色、喜欢的宠物、喜欢的食物、喜欢的日子、喜欢的文具、喜欢的数字和今天的心情准确无误地写出来，那么就已经能够完成了3年级阶段的作文要求。

对于4年级的学生，可以写一篇介绍自己课室或者自己卧室的文章。下面是一篇4年级学生的介绍课室范文。

My classroom

I am studying at Tongji primary school.I am in Class Two, Grade Four. (介绍自己所在的学校和所在的年级) There is a blackboard in front of the classroom. There are twenty-five desks in our classroom, they are brown. There are many books on the desk. There are fifty students, thirty boys and twenty girls. There is a picture on the wall. There are two fans on the wall. (用there+be句型把班里和摆设和班上的人数都表达出来了) It is tidy and clean.I like my classroom very much.(最后是作者的总结)

对于5年级的学生，作文的要求也提高了很多，很多学生在介绍别人或者是写自己喜欢的小动物的时候很容易忘了第三人称单数动词要加ses，如：He get up at 7 o’clock(get忘了加s)，在用到现在进行的时候动词很容易忘了加ing(如I am play the piano，play就忘记了加ing)，介词和介词短语也占了很重要的位置如介词in，on，at，of。介词短语如dream of(区分dream that)和be afraid of都是很重要的介词短语，很多学生忘记了介词后面要加动词。

对于6年级的学生，作文考查的是英语的综合应用能力，而且出的题目大部分都是看图作文，这就在一定程度上增加了写作的难度，它也是综合了3年级的分类词汇，4年级的句型，方位介词，5年级的重点介词短语和时态，不过我相信只要平时多点积累单词和句型、多点动笔、多注意语法上的问题、多看作文书，那么就能写出流畅、有深度的文章。

Very good question, the answer to which needs to be in English as reading English has nothing to do with Chinese.

When reading English,that brain should think English and only English,not Chinese.

There are two pathways to lead information to the brain:by sound or by sight.

Sound becomes meaning,all in English,and goes to an area in the brain named letterbox to be understood.

Sight becomes sound (for a lot of people) then becomes meaning,(all in English,and goes to an area in the brain named letterbox to be understood.)

All of the above.That is the only single complete way to understand English when reading.

英语写作是一种创作性的学习过程。启动知识信息储存，构思立意，谋篇布局，遣词造句，对语言表达的正确性和准确性、思维的逻辑性和文章的条理性都比口语要求更高。通常英语写作有以下几个特点：紧扣教学大纲对考生书面表达的要求;以有指导的写作为主(guidedwriting)，便于考生在短时间内构思成文;突出试题的交际性，考查考生在特定的情景中运用语言的能力;增强试题的实用性，所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉;看图作文主要考查考生运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。

一、给写作留有充分的时间

在小升初英语题中， “书面表达”往往是最后一项，有的学生把最后几分钟用在写作上，匆匆了事，这是很不明智的。学生用在写作上的时间应不少于10分钟，力争不丢分，少丢分。

二、认真审题，先打草稿

写之前一定要认真阅读写作要求，切忌见题就写。小升初英语作文主要有两种类型： “提示作文”和 “看图作文”。 “提示作文”一般已经给出要点，而 “看图作文”则需根据图画及提示在很短的时间内将要点列出。把要点列出后，在草稿纸上写提纲，打草稿，就可以看出大概有多少字。在正式往试卷上写之前，根据题目要求适当增减内容，保持卷面整洁。

三、写好简单句，慎用长句

考生要根据所列要点，运用相应的提示词及正确的动词形式在稿纸上写出简单句。考生应熟悉简单句的五种基本句型，尽量使用简单句。在简单句的基础上，根据各句之间的关系适当加上一些连词，使得整篇文章结构紧凑，行文流畅。套用句型，能显示考生的英语基础扎实，提高作文档次。慎用长句是因为其成分多，结构复杂，所以出错的机会也多。考生在没有十足的把握时最好少用或不用长句，以免给自己的作文带来不必要的损失。

四、熟悉各种时态，灵活运用

时态是学习英语语言的难点。考生务必系统地学习初中出现的各种时态，做到灵活运用。在同一篇作文当中，时态要保持一致。

五、切忌中式英语，避免生搬硬套

一些学生因缺乏写作技巧，往往在写英语作文时，根据中文意思堆积英文单词，编造出许多中式英语，结果错误百出，意思表达不清楚，直接影响考试成绩。

六、认真检查和修改，减少错误

做完写作题后要从头至尾读一遍，检查一下文章是否通顺，有无逻辑错误，标点符号、单词拼写和时态运用是否正确，避免笔误。

It (Example:0) 8 o’clock 41，and the last bus42at the second bus stop.A middleaged woman got out,and the conductor was going to ring the bell for43to start the bus again,just at that moment he saw a small child44at the bus stop.

“What’s wrong with you?” the bus conductor said to the boy.

“Well,my mother gave me ten pence to go home by bus after school,but I45the money after I finished playing football with my classmates,” the child answered, “so I have to walk all the way home.”

“That’s OK.” said the conductor. “Come on.We’ll take you home.”

The child thanked him,46the bus and sat down near the door.The conductor rang the bell,then the bus started. “How47are you living?” asked the conductor.

The child told him the name of the place where he lived.It was about two miles away,and48would have cost him two pence if the child had had the money to pay for it.

The conductor went to give some other people on the bus their tickets,and when he came back a few minutes49,he saw that child crying again.

“And what’s the matter with you now?” he asked. “Aren’t you on your way home?”

“Yes,I am,” answered the child, “but what about my change?You haven’t given it to me,have you?You should give me50.”

[英语阅读作文

平均篇幅在万言左右的小说会被划归短篇小说。短篇小说在现代甚为流行。所有小说基础，其发展初期并无长短之分，随时代而区分。小编收集了短篇小说的写作技巧，欢迎阅读。

一、立意和材料

观察显示有新颖独到的眼光——这是天才作者必不可少也是最为宝贵的特征。

艺术家看待事物或事件能够独具慧眼，直接取决于他认识生活的深度，以及他的胆识和勇气。

通过表面的临摹来表现事物，就是一个冷漠而怯懦的人也做的到，可是要表示出自己对事物的态度，表现自己的面貌，自己的灵魂，这就必须有胆量了。

作家应该热心于所描写的事物，要情动于中，全神贯注。创造者的**，排除了自然主义的摹写;它能使人产生勇气，能帮助人明确地表现出立意。无论你怎样貌似慷慨激昂，无论你怎样堆砌文学手法，以此自欺欺人，但总能看得出来这材料是在艺术家心灵里改造加工过了的呢，还是心不在焉的工匠仿造出来的。一篇小说也好，一幅画也好，你总可以区分开，哪个是真正的、注进心血的艺术品，哪个是从现实，从生活表层拓印下来的毫无生气的图像。

自然主义无动于衷的描摹，最好的情况下也只能重复众所周知的东西。

事物一通过艺术家的感受，就仿佛获得了新的质，变得丰富而深刻了。不仅如此，事物的某些方面也只有同艺术家的心灵交融时才会显现出来。

一个有才华的作者，会在作品的一切方面都留下自己个性的鲜明印记，从主题的选择直到最小的细节。

二、人物肖像、性格

人物越能清晰地表现主题思想，主题思想越多地体现为人物，这样的作品艺术性就越强。

了解人，并把他塑造为短篇小说中的人物——这是一项非常重要的课题，解决它远不是对你周围那些活生生的人作一种简单的、自然主义的“临摹”所能奏效的。

作家的任务是要从人物的面貌中去掉那些妨碍表现主题思想的细部，并以有助于更充分、更鲜明地表现主题思想的特征和细部来充实人物形象。

许多人之所以乐意认为自己是文学作品中的原型，是因为完美的艺术形象能鲜明地显示典型的特征，即许多人所共有的特征。

如果作家是根据主题思想，而不是根据活生生的人来设计自己的主人公形象，那么，这个形象将是公式化的，没有生气的。

人的性格是由环境造成的，如果作家硬要去编造主人公的性格，那么他注定是要失败的。

我们许多短篇小说，糟就糟在小说的主要人物只具有对大范围的社会集团有代表性的特点——这样一来，人物就变成了没有生命力的公式化形象，正如恩格斯所说：“个性……消融到原则里去了”;要么就只具有偶然的、个别的特点——这样一来，主人公就变得索然无味，失去了思想的深度。

三、细节

不滥用艺术手段是艺术的普遍法则之一。

一个作家的作品中是否有真正的、质量上乘的细节，常常能帮助我判断他的才华和成熟的程度。

四、布局

在短篇小说中一切都是显而易见的，小说越短，其和谐的美与不协调的丑就表露得越明显。

经验表明，与长篇小说和中篇小说相比，短篇小说的成败优劣在更大程度上取决于它的完整性。

我的大部分短篇小说的创作，开始时都是心灵受到了某种莫名的推动，当时头脑中还远未形成一个明晰的主题思想。我之所以要写，几乎总是出于一种要更加深刻地认识生活现象并将激动我的思想、想法在头脑中确定下来的愿望。

为了接近真理，需要对生活现象进行长时间的比较和紧张思索，如果从某些短篇小说中看不出这一点，那么这些短篇小说就很难说是成功的。在对文稿作最后的润色加工时，纯技巧性东西往往会取代直感而越来越占主导地位，这时切忌为迎合主题思想的需要去修改小说，把引起创作冲动的原始感情中那极为珍贵的馨香和清新的美毁掉。当你已经疲惫厌倦，恨不得早点脱稿，读给你朋友听，急着把打字稿送交给出版社的时候，尤其要注意。那么，文学作品达到和谐一致最基本的标志是什么?

短篇小说的完整性很大程度上取决于铺垫的部分的叙述是否充分，是否令人信服有感染力。

叙述某人的叫喊与叫喊本身给人的印象是完全不同的。

作者只有努力去揭示各现象之间的隐秘的联系，对事件不是人云亦云，采取那种流行的看法，而是深化并赋予新意，才能使铺垫部分得到开拓并显得新鲜生动。

铺垫若只是为了证实一些人人皆知的道理，那就完全失去了他的作用，这样的铺垫会显得空洞和拖沓。

作者要有明确的思想立场。假如作者对事件的思想倾向不明确，就会导致短篇小说的整个铺垫部分缺乏明晰的中心思想。

五、语言

修改小说不应由外而内(从语言)，有内而外(从生活体验、思索、感情)。

如果作家对所写事物淡漠无情，那么他的作品必将满是程序化的句子，用滥了的比喻和隐喻。

如果你要告诉人们一件新鲜的有特别感受的事，那么你一定会对陈腐之词不屑一顾，讨厌随手可得的老一套句式，而去深入挖掘祖国语言，你必有办法神奇地使用烂了的词语重新焕发清楚活力。

一个看来十分清楚明白的句子，在上下文中为什么却显得那么不协调?你反复修改，斟酌推敲，调动词的位置。一切似乎都已完美无缺：思想明确，恰当的修饰语能把读者引向作者的思路，可就是有什么地方不甚自然。于是你又着手删掉那些尚欠妥帖的词语，或者把句子拉长，或者寻找更为合适的同义手段。

这是怎么回事?你感到不满的是什么?

你力求表达你所体验的情感，而写出来的句子却不能一下子与你心中回荡的旋律相吻合。你十次二十次地修改初看起来你所需要的音调，使它的音调正好与作品的旋律合拍入扣。

无论写什么，动笔之前首先应找到音响。

句子的语调模糊不清，在一定的旋律结构中出现不必要的语调或各种语调都适用，在我看来，这常是作家尚未完全把握所描写的事物，理解、感受不深，从而不能鲜明地确定自己对它的态度而造成的结果。

我们越深入现象的本质，头脑里形成的思想越准确、鲜明，我们的句子听起来就越分明清楚。

一般说，对话比描写写得好，因为青年作家在写对话时用的是活的口语，富有准确的语调，而在描写时，他常常落入毫无新意的书面词语的窠臼。如果青年作家更坚决地采用活的口语去描写人物外形、情感、景色、环境等等，那将大有裨益，因为活的句子与许多磨平棱角的结构不同，可以说是全局都有鲜明响亮的语调。生活实际只有经过艺术家在意识中、在心灵中的加工，才能获得丰富的思想感情，这些思想感情准确地，不是矫揉造作地反映于作品中，才能打动读者的心。

词是抽象物，但作家写出来的每句话背后，却有生活中的现象，对现象的判断、感情，这三者往往结为一体。一个极普通的词，它在巧妙的上下文中会变得分量很重、鲜明突出、富有内容，它仿佛浸透着作家的个性，从而获得既切情又切景的太悲剧的细微色彩。有这样的情况：为使淡漠的死气沉沉的文字获得生命，作者人为地强使自己感到激奋，其结果常常是矫揉造作的旋律。读者通常一下就能感到这一点而一笑了之，但对作者说，不自然的旋律是有害而危险的。

文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。

作文常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：

1.开门见山，揭示主题

文章一开头，，就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。

例如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头可以写成：I Spent my last vacation happily.

"Honesty"(谈诚实)的开头可以写成：

Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a "liar"，and is looked upon by honest people.

2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头

在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。

例如"A Trip to Jinshan" (去金山旅游)的开头可以写成：

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。

例如"A Trip to the Taishan Mountain"(泰山游)的开头是：

I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday.

4.概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。

如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头：

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5.介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。

如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头可以写成:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6.交待写作目的的开头

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。

如 "Pollution Control" (控制污染)的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

小作文一般以书信居多，因此，在写作时要注意一下两点。

第一，既然是书信，一定要按照书信的格式写作。阅卷老师最先注意到的就是格式，其次才通过阅读看看内容是否符合要求。不注意格式，肯定被扣分。还不熟悉书信格式的同学赶紧多多练习。

第二，要仔细审题。这个问题年年在强调，但是年年有人不注意，写作时往往会跑题。这样怎么能得高分?考试时时间很紧张，怎样快速审题?笔者建议大家首先要脑子里要迅速构建一副写作场景，接下来要抓住关键词，然后围绕场景和关键词进行扩展。这一点不是说一说看一看就能掌握，需要同学们现在多做强化训练。

具体写作就按照题目要求一个点写一段，总共分三段。这样给人的印象是重点突出、条理清晰。下面就以2014年小作文为例，简单分析一下每一段怎么写。

称呼：Dear John,注意称呼中，所有实词首字母全部大写，Dear John后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文：

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：自我介绍，写信目的。文章开门见山就是自我介绍，用到了这样的表达：I am Li Ming who will go to study in your university and live together with you in one department. 其中的“I am …who…”这个句型来自于建议信的表达，放在这里也十分贴切。接下一句话表明了写信目的：Now I am writing this letter to tell you some of my habits and ask you for some suggestions to adapt myself there.

第二段：写作内容为习惯介绍以及寻求建议。首先，介绍自己的生活习惯，自己一般早上六点起床外出锻炼;周末一般在图书馆看书;其次，希望John就如何适应当地生活给自己一些建议。

第三段：写作内容表示期待，良好祝愿。用到了这样的表达：I am looking forward to seeing you soon and wish everything goes well.

落款：Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢;

签名：Li Ming，特别注意Li Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

附注：

1、格式

称呼：英语应用文称呼有这样的特点，如果是不认识的人，一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如，DearSirorMadam或者ToWhomItMayConcern(需注意每个单词首字母都大写);如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人，称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如，DearMr.xx或DearMs.xx;;对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名，即Dearxx。需要注意的是：1.称呼要顶格写;2.称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号(推荐大家用逗号，因为历年的高分范文都是用逗号的)。

正文：正文格式一般有两种格式，一是缩进式，即首段开头空四个字母，段落之间不空行;一是齐头式，即每段开头不空格，但是各段之间空一行。老师建议考生采用缩进式，因为如果用齐头式，段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够，导致字数不够。

2、语言

写作用词准确是最基础的要求之一。其次，句型可以多变，例如既有并列句，也有复合句，还有从句，但注意语法运用要正确。此外还要注意，正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构，这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。除了正式的文体以外，其他的文体皆为非正式文体，像写给朋友的书信等。

一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合，所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言，使交流得以进行。另外，考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语，应该加以熟悉和背诵，以便运用自如。

3、其他

考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔，虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词，但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后，认真列个提纲，这样更有利于思路清晰。写作时，注意表达清楚以下几个方面：首先交代清楚写信目的;其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然，注意关联词或衔接词的运用;接下来，应该对个人的观点进行阐述(在写作有此必要的时候)。最后，行文间要注意简化描述，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候，应该检查、修改，以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。

After going to the middle school, I have less time to play outside the school, because I always have a lot of homework to do. Though my leisure time is shorter, I still keep on after-class reading. Many years ago, my Chinese teacher introduced many classic books to us, I bought them and read them all, I fell in love with reading these books, I would be immerged in the stories. Reading these books helps me a lot, I have improved my writing skill. When I saw the topics, my mind will come out a lot of ideas, I have things to enrich my paper. Whats more, I also broaden my vision.

1、紧扣主题，短文必须包括提纲中的全部要点;与主题无关或关系不大的字句必须一律删去。

2、文章通顺，前后贯通，语言流畅。

3、句子开头多样化，句型多样化。

4、无句型结构错误，无语法错误和用语造句等方面的错误。

5、短文字数不得少于150个字。

对考研英语短文的策略：

1.分配好短文各部分篇幅比例

根据在40分钟内写150词的《大纲》要求，合理分配各部分篇幅比例显得非常重要。篇幅比例安排大致如下：

(1)开头：可控制在4句话之内，以2——3句较为适宜。该部分约占全文篇幅的10%——15%。

(2)主体：约占全篇短文的70%——80%。

(3)结尾：这部分应控制在2——3句话之内，约占全文篇幅10——15%。

2.合理分配时间

应该切记短文写作时间仅为40分钟，在这较短的时间内考生需完成120——150词的短文。这就要求考生做到有条不紊、忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。从而稳操胜券，驾轻就熟，从容应对。建议考生在动笔之前，用5分钟的时间写个提纲理清思路，然后再动笔。此外，要留出5——6分钟来修改抄写。以避免不必要的笔误，给评卷老师留下良好的印象。

3.审题——紧扣主题的关键

所谓审题，就是正确理解题意，所写短文要紧扣题目要求。从每年的英文短文考题可看出，除了题目外，还有开头第一句话和一个写作提纲。这个写作提纲就是短文的写作具体范围。考生必须以指定的句子开头，按写作提纲规定的要点和顺序(通常是3个要点)往下写。

通常3个要点就是写三段话，每段开头(除第一段已给了外)第一句话必须把该段写作提纲中的主要的词或主要意思包括进去，这就是段落中心句。每段其他句子必须紧扣该段的段落中心句，与段落中心句无关的句子或关系不大的句子必须坚决删去。由于写作提纲中所给的3个要点(即关键词)已包括在每段开头的段落中心句(即每段开头的第一句)中，而每段的其他句子又紧扣段落中心句，这就使每段的内容紧扣主题，而不至离开主题去谈别的问题，这就是抓住主题的关键。

In this modern materialistic world, the majority of people are in hot pursuit of material gains, and money is considered the most valuable thing of all, which, personally speaking, is quite superficial. As far as I am concerned,readingis much more valuable than anything else, for it can benefit us in many ways. The old saying, “to open a book is always beneficial” vividly shows how valuable reading is.

Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that reading is a very important way to gain knowledge. Reading is like travelling, the process of which enables you to experience the colorful world and enlarge your eyes scope. By reading history books, you can understand how a regime prospers or collapses, helping you draw useful lessons and develop more wisdom. By reading books of science, you can keep yourself informed in the field of scientific endeavors, thus appreciating how science creates wonders. In a word, reading can enrich your knowledge and get whatever information you need.

In addition, you can get mental encouragement from reading and improve yourself in all aspects. For instance, the stories of well-known people in books help turn an aimless person into an ambitious one, setting up a short or long-term goal for himself. If the daily troubles make you feel desperate, then you will be mentally stroked and encouraged by reading how famous people such as Beethoven made miracles in the face of insurmountable difficulties. Books are a great source of mental encouragement, giving you motives to move forward.

Finally, reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our joy when we are in high spirits, and lessens our sorrow when we are discouraged. Reading will always bring us enjoyment and satisfaction. Good books also serve as gentle companions or faithful friends that will never betray us. While reading, we don’t feel lonely. Books are ready to give us whatever we need such as knowledge, friendship and encouragement.

To sum up, reading is undoubtedly beneficial to you. To open a book is like opening a door, through which you will enter a museum, where all man-made wonders and unique wisdoms are available for you to appreciate; to open a book is like opening a window, through which you can enjoy fresh air、blue sky and wonderful natural landscapes , making you feel refreshed

在这个现代唯物主义的世界,大多数人在炎热的追求物质财富,和金钱被认为是最有价值的东西的,就个人来说,是相当肤浅的。就我而言,读书比任何其他更有价值,因为它可以我们在很多方面获益。俗话说,“打开一本书总是有益”生动地展示了如何有价值的阅读。

首先,它超越怀疑阅读是一个非常重要的方式来获得知识。阅读是喜欢旅行的过程,使您体验到丰富多彩的世界,扩大你的眼睛。通过阅读历史书,你可以了解一个政权繁荣或崩溃,帮助你得出有用的经验和开发更多的智慧。通过科学的读书,可以让自己了解领域的科学努力,因此升值如何科学创造奇迹。总之,阅读可以丰富你的知识和得到任何你需要的信息。

此外,你可以得到精神的鼓励阅读和提高自己在各方面。例如,著名的人的故事书帮助把一个漫无目的的人变成一个雄心勃勃的人,为自己建立一个短期或长期目标。如果日常烦恼让你感到绝望,那么你将会精神上抚摸,鼓励通过阅读名人如贝多芬如何制造奇迹的不可逾越的困难。书是一个伟大的精神鼓励,给你动机前进。

最后,读好书是生活中最大的乐趣之一。它增加我们的快乐当我们情绪高涨,和减少我们的悲伤当我们气馁。阅读总是给我们带来快乐和满足。好书也作为温和的同伴或忠实的朋友,永远不会背叛我们。在阅读时,我们不感到孤独。书是准备给我们任何我们需要如知识、友谊和鼓励。

总之,阅读无疑是有益的。打开一本书就像打开一扇门,通过它你将进入博物馆,所有人造奇迹和独特的智慧可供你欣赏,打开一本书就像打开一个窗口,通过它你可以享受新鲜的空气,蓝色的天空和奇妙的自然景观,使你感到舒畅

英语作文在高考中起着重大的作用，怎么样才能写好英语作文呢?下面是语文迷为大家整理英语作文高分技巧，希望对你有帮助。

一、了解高分作文的特点

要想作文获得高分，必须了解高分作文具有的特点，才有助于我们朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特点：

1、书写工整，书面整洁，很少有涂改痕迹。

2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一个自然段，让阅卷老师很容易就能找到作文所要求写的要点和重要句子。

3、要点齐全，不缺要点。

4、首尾呼应，自然成一体。

5、使用了大量的高级词汇和句型。阅卷老师一看就知道这个同学的功底非不一般，自然就给打高分了。

6、开头言简意赅，不啰嗦，不偏题，迅速引入主题。

7、段与段之间，自然过渡。有合适的连接词。

8、句与句之间，有恰当的连接词，使之自然成一体。

9、全文中同一个意思，基本没有重复使用某一个词、短语或者句型等，说明这个同学的词汇量不同寻常。老师自然就对该作文有好感了。

10、能够恰当使用谚语、格言等给文章添彩。

二、勤积累，巧准备

要想作文得高分，除了了解以上的特点外，还要在平时的学习中注意一下方面：

1、牢记课标词汇是基础

一篇作文多数是由积极词汇写出来的，这些词汇主要来源于课标。因此，牢记课标词汇是写好作文的基础。

2、掌握课标词汇和短语的用法

要想作文不扣分或者少扣分，有个要求是作文的语病少。怎么能够减少语病呢?这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中反复通过练习，掌握课标词汇和短语等的用法。例如，对于as soon as 、stop some body from doing something 、other 、another等的用法很多学生就经常出错。

3、高度重视同一个意思的多种表达方式

高分作文有个特点是：让老师发现你拥有丰富的词汇量，你的水平高人一筹。这由何而来?靠我们在平时学习过程中，逐步积累起来的。比如：今年的中考作文，谈的就是帮助他人的问题。同一个意思“帮助”，假如你就用一个动词“help”，岂不显得你词汇贫乏?假如你在作文中不断地变换方式，用help、give somebody a hand、 give a hand to somebody 、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”同一个意思，岂不更好呢?

像这样的例子很多，比如：大家都觉得很简单又很基础的“表示姓名的方式”就有：My name is Jim. I’m Jim. I’m called/named Jim. I’m a boy called /named /with the name of Jim. 等等。

表达年龄的方式有：She is 12. She is 12 years old. She is aged 12. She is a girl of 12(years old). She is a girl aged 12.等等。

很显然，使用高级一点的更好。

4、加强练习，积累经验

学习语言最好的方法是运用，作文也不例外。我们要想作文得高分，必须经常练习，才能提高水平。

5、充分利用作文范文

很多资料书上都有作文范文。诚然，他们有很多值得借鉴的地方。

我们怎么利用它们呢?首先，我们先不要看文章，自己先思考一下：假如你来写，你会怎么去写，会用到哪些词或者句子等。然后去比较，勾出其中的好词佳句，并且把它摘录在专门的作文册子上。供写作时选用。

另外，背一些范文也是很有必要的。

6、背诵一些谚语和警句

作文中如果出现恰当的谚语和警句，会有锦上添花的效果。

三、精心审题，沉着写初稿

很多同学看到作文后，下笔就写。这是不对的。一则很容易写偏题、写出病句，涂改后书面又不整洁，影响得分。

其实，会写作文的同学都知道，审题非常的重要，可以防止很多毛病，提高得分。那么我们审题要做些什么呢?

审题主要要做一下事情：

1、审人称、时态、体裁等

审题时，要求我们要弄清楚这篇文章主要使用的人称是第几人称，什么时态、什么体裁。这些问题解决后至少不会犯很严重的错误：全文皆错。例如，如果一篇文章，本来应该一般过去时，你的每句话却用了一般现在时态。你想想，那还能得高分吗?

2、明确必须表达的要点

高分作文有个特点是要点齐全。如果漏掉一个要点，则要扣分。因此我们必须认真细读其要求，把必须表达的要点勾出来。保证不漏掉任何一个要点。

3、罗列出可能会用到的短语、句型，确定好使用哪个?

4、确定好如何分段

就是要确定好，将哪些要点放在一个自然段里面，首段、尾段打算写哪些?

高分英语句型

一.经典开头句型

1.As far as ...is/am/are concerned 就……而言

2.It can be said with certainty that... 可以肯定地说......

3.As the proverb says，... 正如谚语所说的，......

4.Its generally recognized that... 普遍认为......

5.Its hardly that... 这是很难的......

6.Theres no denying the fact that... 毫无疑问，无可否认......

7.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比......更重要。

8.whats far more important is that... 更重要的是…...

二.经典结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 最后我要说…...

2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that... 因此，我们有理由相信…...

3.It may be safely said that... 它可以有把握地说......

4.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论...…

5.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that… 通过数据我们得到的结论是，....

6.It can be concluded from the discussion that... 从讨论中我们可以得出......的结论

7.From my point of view, it would be better if... 在我看来，如果……也许更好

三.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是......

2.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore，... 然而问题并非如此简单，所以……

3.But its a pity that... 但遗憾的是…...

4.Further, we hold the opinion that... 此外，我们坚持认为，......

5.However , the difficulty lies in... 然而，困难在于…...

6.As it has been mentioned above... 正如上面所提到的…

7.In this respect,... 从这个角度上,......

四.常用于引言段的句型

1.Some people think that… 有些人认为…...

2.To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

3. I believe the statement is valid because… 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…...

4. Along with the development of…, more and more... 随着……的发展，越来越多的...…

5. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter. 就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者的观点。

五.表示比较和对比的常用句型

1. A is completely different from B. A和B完全不同。

2. The difference between A and B is/lies in... A和B不同的地方是......

六.因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

2. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

3. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

1. Love is the uncomplaining and unregretful teaching of the young, although it is dull and ignorant; Love is to love my lover without my unselfish devotion, and let the mountain fall and run away. Love is the caring for the elders who have no day and night. Love is the boundless yearning for the motherland, ren is displaced and not forgotten.

2Love is a ray of sunshine in the cold winter, which can be sprinkled on your heart to make you feel a little warm. Love is a rain in the land, and it falls on your heart and makes you feel refreshed. Love is a clear spring in the boundless desert, which flows into your heart and makes you feel moist.

3Love is the spring breeze, it can spread the vitality; Love is fire, always warm your heart; Love is a flower that summons march.

4. Love is tears, coagulation of human feelings; Love is love, blossoming sincere flower; Love is flower, overflowing with happy smile; Love is laughter and it is passed to every corner.

5Love is a round sun shining bright red flowers; Love is a fresh spring, moistening the dry grass; Love is a flower with a fragrant fragrance.

6Love is a lamp that lights our way. Love is a path that lays the foundation for our success. Love is a huge stone, paving our victory avenue.

7Love is a clear spring in the desert that gives you hope when you are on the verge of death. Love is a bonfire in the cold that gives you warmth when you need it. Love is a ray of sunshine in the dark and lend a helping hand when you are helpless.

8Love is a drop of water that moistens the heart. Love is the sun that illuminates mans path. Love is a clear spring, can wash peoples morals.

9Love is the wind that brings a little coolness in the heat; Love is the rain, in the long drought, moistens a square of soil; 10Love is water, when thirst is the time to obtain a ray of hope; Love is fire, and when it is cold, it is warm...

11Love is a little help in difficulties. Love is a soothing comfort in pain; Love is a meticulous care of sickness.

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一. 肯定不如否定好

修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。

例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。

“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not been affected by the earthquake.

应用类似的修辞会在中为同学们加分。

二. 陈述不如倒装妙

在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。

倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，就足以应对书面表达。

导语：小编提醒大家，要想把作文写好，要想在考研写作中得高分，平时一定得多阅读优秀的范文，特别是一些漂亮精彩的句型。同时也有必要掌握一些写作模式和技巧，不断地模仿练习，最后才能真正打造出高分作文。

一、命题依据

考研话题牵涉面广，包罗万象，变幻莫测。但从历年考研真题研究中可以发现写作基本上可粗略地划分为两大类话题：永恒话题(everlastingtopic)和热点话题(hotissue)。所谓永恒话题，是指那些不以时间和空间的转移为转移的话题。这类话题一般都是一些宏观的大话题，没有明显的时代印痕。如有关社会道德范畴的话题。另一大类是热点话题，即近几年或某一年特殊的社会现象， 媒体普遍报道过或公众普遍谈论的话题。如AdvertisementonTV(93)，温室的花朵经不起风雨(2003)等，所以，平时在生活和学习中留意类似话题的英文素材预以备战不妨是个好的办法。

二、写作技巧

1.精心构造全文的引言段

考研作文阅卷老师每天工作量很大，工作时间也较长，因此长时间批改水平参差不齐、质量高下不一的作文难免感到疲劳，厌倦，甚至气恼。据测试统计，一口气读完12 篇后才走神的人极少，定力惊人。因此，在考研写作三段制中，第一段最能吸引他们的目光和注意力，因为考研作文采用的是总体评分法(GlobalScoring)，作文评卷老师往往主要凭借第一段的总体印象打分。有人把文章的第一段说成是黄金段落，说老师就是在这一段中不断地“淘金”。这一说法是很有道理的，因此，作文要想得高分，一定要精心构造全文的第一段，最大限度地满足阅卷老师的期待心理，力争给他留下良好的第一印象。经验告诉我们，阅卷老师在看完文章的第一段后就已基本上给文章定了分数档次，即使在第二，第三段中发现文章中的其他一些美中不足之处，他也只是微调几分，总体分数还是比先定的档次低的文章要好得多。总之，引言段在全文三段中的重要性再怎么强调也不过分。如果要按重要性依次递减的顺序来排的话，那么应是引言在先，其次是结尾段，再次是拓展段。

2.制造语言的闪光点

“言之无文，行而不远”，同理语言干瘪平淡，让人看之面目可憎，读后味如嚼蜡。要想攫住阅卷老师匆匆的一瞥，留住他们的兴奋点，就非得在语言上猛下功夫，多制造些表达上的闪光点。语言是思维的外壳，语言的好坏直接影响到实际作文分数的高低。语言表达的亮点体现在小到一个词，短语大到一个句子中。高分作文往往是“锱铢必较”，几乎字字计较。很多人作文分数很低往往是因为用词面太窄。当然，词汇的积累是有个过程的。可惜的是，很多同学只能认词，却不能再现，更不用说写作时运用了。

3.避免中国式英语

母语为非英语的人学习英语时往往会将母语的思维和表达方式直接迁移到英语表达当中。中国人学英语时往往会受母语根深蒂固的影响，最易造出中国腔的英语。有人把“价格便宜”直接写成“The price is cheap”，把“这件事小菜一碟”说成“This is a small dish”，让人看后苦笑不得。因此要尽量摆脱中国试英语，方法看来只有一条：多看外国人写的文章，多多阅读。不难想象，阅卷老师如果在短短的二百字文章中到处看到Chinglish，他无法使自己对你文章的印象好起来。

4.尽量有路标词

路标词(signalword)又称衔接词(connectives)就像灯塔为在茫茫大海中航行的船只指引方向一样，它能突出文章的层次性和逻辑性。英语文章讲究启承转合。“启”就是开启观点：“承”就是接着话茬进一步发展论证或补充：“转”就是讲相反或对立的观点：“合”就是总结概括。一篇文章若没有路标词便会杂乱无章的乱堆在一起，给人凌乱没有条理的感觉。标志词或衔接词的作用绝对不可小觑。

此外，多种句型的交替使用，文章脉络层次的分明，论据的合理充分等在写作中都应引起足够的重视。

I like reading very much because reading is the ladder of human progress. What’s more, reading brings us not only endless fun but also opportunities.

There are many available books for us to choose from, like history books, science books, literary books and so no. But what interests me most in history books---over the long course of history, the Chinese nation has witnessed changes of dynasties, transfers of governments, and foreign powers in modern history. This makes me realize the great responsibility of the development of the motherland. Therefore, we should study hard for the rise of the Chinese.

I sincerely hope that everyone can absorb more nutrients and cultivate a more noble character through reading.

导语：英语在小升初入学考试中的作用越来越大，小六的学生英语水平差距不大，如何才能在小升初英语考试中脱颖而出，小升初英语写作成为关键，下面是小编收集的如何写出高分英语作文方法，欢迎大家阅读!

书面表达是考查学生英语综合水平的一个重要途径，很多孩子英语口语好，却无法写好英语作文。而现实情况却是从初一甚至从小学开始就已经有了对书面表达的考查，所以练习英语写作也是我们学而思小升初课程的重要环节，帮孩子们打好基础。

1、语法：这是现在孩子们在英语写作中丢分最多的一项。

(1)写完作文后要记得检查：语法知识需要靠我们平时一步步积累，但是孩子们要注意在写完作文之后一定要细心检查自己的作文，一些学过的语法点不要再错了。

(2)避免使用自己拿不准的句子：很多孩子喜欢用长句、复合句等。可是又对这些句子掌握得不是很牢固，所以很容易出错。一切拿不准的词和句子，都应该使用自己会的简单句和简单词，这样才能给考官留下好印象。

2、格式：拿到作文题，一定要把握好题目的要求，看清是哪种类型的题目，确定好相应的格式。

常考的题如日记，日记的格式就是需要在第一行左方顶格写上日期和星期，右方写上天气，然后再开始写正文。需要提醒大家的是，日记基本上都是描写已经发生过的事情，所以孩子们注意一定要用一般过去时哦!

还有一类常考的作文题型就是书信，书信的格式更需要大家注意：

3rd April 2008

Dear Mr. I

How are you these days? I will go to shanghai for my holiday.

Yours truly，

Nancy

3、词汇：如果在文章中能够正确使用一些高级词汇和词组，而不再是简单词汇，这会让老

师耳目一新。例如：如果要孩子们来写holiday。很多孩子们一开始就会写I went to …… last year. 用went就很大众化了，但是如果用take a trip这个词组就会显得你的英语水平跟其他人不一样了!对于词汇这个点，我向孩子们提两点建议：

(1)词汇需要平时积累，但是大家积累的时候一定要注意灵活使用学过的词。大家已经学过很多词组和单词了，可是大家都不会拿出来用，原因就是在于大家学的时候只记得了它的意思，没有认识该怎么使用，该在什么情况下使用。所以大家以后学习词汇的时候一定要翻翻词典学习例句，自己也拿来造个句子，要知道自己以后该怎么用。

(2)学习语言并不是纸上谈兵，练习写作也应该要多加练习。熟能生巧，练得多了，自然也就会知道什么时候用什么词，该怎么写作文了。

4、书写：这一点看似不重要，却最影响老师对你作文的整体评价。我们不要求要做到美观，但那是一定要整洁、认真。这样老师也能很快读懂你的文章，更能对你作文产生好的印象。