英语自我介绍7篇 作文怎么写精品20篇

Dear distinguished guests and judges.My name is Black.Im fourteen years old.Im a middle school student.I like playing sports,such as football,basketball...However,my favourite sport is basketball.I play basketball very well.I usually play basketball with my friends on Sunday.

Im humorous,so I like reading humorous books.Theyre very funny.Im friendly,too.I have many friends.I love them.

Thats all,thanks.

导语：扬州是中国剪纸流行最早的地区之一，早在唐代，扬州已有剪纸迎春的风俗。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

When early spring festival, many local people like sticking each kind of paper-cut on windows .Not only the paper-cut window decoration has contrasted the jubilation festive atmosphere, moreover has also brought beautiful enjoyment for the people.

The paper-cut is one kind of extremely popular art. Because it mostly is pastes on the window, therefore people general name it “the paper-cut window decoration”. The paper-cut window decoration usually with the color red and it content rich, like the cultivation, the spinning and weaving, fishing, tend sheep, feed hogs, raise chickens and so on.

【参考译文】

春节的时候，许多当地人喜欢在窗户上贴各种剪纸，剪纸窗花不仅烘托了喜庆的喜庆气氛，而且给人们带来了美丽的享受。

剪纸是一种非常流行的艺术。因为它大多是贴在窗户上的，所以人们一般称之为“窗花”。剪纸窗花通常以红色和红色为主，内容丰富，如养殖、纺织、垂钓、放羊、喂猪、养鸡等。

Chinese New Year! Every place has different customs, and each has its own characteristics. I had the opportunity to back to my home in chongqing this year New Years day, let me introduce you to the Spring Festival customs of tujia.

New Years eve at noon, I saw my grandma cooked a lot of rice, just curious to ask: why want to cook so much rice, we also cant eat a meal? Grandmother replied: "want to cook some more, todays day cant cook fresh rice again. For tujia people seldom eat fish, so be about to cook more, it is also called more every year."

New Years eve afternoon, grandpa and father stick couplets, I also coincided with in the past. East, west to see see. When my father asked me: "do you know why do we need to stick couplets?" I answered: "know a little bit, festive bai." "Also right, couplet to express the good wish of people to pray for good fortune in the New Year. Now we stick couplets, cannot go toward outside throwing things, even cant throw rubbish, until annual lunar calendar to throw things. This means that circle the goods at home." Dad went on to say that.

On the evening of New Years eve, the home of the elder led the family to "worship the mountain ancestor worship". On the front of ancestors grave red candle and incense, placed offerings, to miss to ancestors. This also is respect for them.

These are the Spring Festival customs of tujia, I know you think its interesting.

过年啦!每个地方都有不同的习俗，并且都各具特色。今年我有幸回趟老家重庆过年，就让我给大家介绍一下土家族的春节习俗吧。

除夕的中午，我见奶奶煮了好多饭，就好奇的上前去询问：为什么要煮这么多饭，我们一顿也吃不了呀?奶奶回答道：“今天要多煮一些，大年初一可不能再煮新鲜饭。因为土家族人很少吃鱼，所以就要多煮饭，这也叫‘年年有余’吧。”

除夕的下午，爷爷和爸爸一起贴对联，我也过去凑热闹。东看看，西瞧瞧。这时爸爸问我：“你知道我们为什么要贴对联吗?”我回答：“知道一点点，喜庆呗。”“也对吧，对联是为了表达人们祈求新年福运的美好心愿。现在我们贴好了对联，就不能往外扔东西了，连垃圾也不能扔，一直要到大年初二才可以扔东西。这样就表示把财圈在家里了。”爸爸接着说。

除夕的傍晚，由家里的最长者带领全家去“拜山祭祖”。在先辈的坟前点上红烛和香，摆上祭品，以表对先辈的怀念。这也是对他们的尊敬。

这些就是我了解的土家人的春节习俗，你觉得有趣吧。

Everybody is good, my name is called He xuan, my English name is called Angle. Everybody knew that Angle is the angel meaning, I hoped that I forever can look like the angel equally happily, joyful, is carefree all day! I in the sixth grade, faced with rose the middle school now, father and mother, grandfather paternal grandmother, teacher schoolmates place the very big expectation to me, I will certainly not disappoint their expectation, will study diligently, passes an examination junior middle schools key class! In the future will become social a person of great ability and tremendous potential, will make the contribution for the motherland!

中文：

大家好，我的名字叫何璇，我的英文名字叫Angle。大家知道吗，Angle是天使的意思，我希望我永远都会像天使一样开开心心，快快乐乐，整天无忧无虑的!我现在上六年级了，面临升中学了，爸爸妈妈，爷爷奶奶，老师同学都给我寄予很大的期望。我一定不会辜负他们的期望，努力学习，考上初中的重点班!将来成为社会的栋梁之才，为祖国做出贡献!

很多人多喜欢养一些小动物做宠物，那么你知道要怎么用英语介绍它们吗?下面小编为大家带来有关介绍动物的英语作文，欢迎大家学习! 介绍动物英语作文一：

Dog is my favorite animal. The reason why I like it most is because it’s very competent. Dog is the best friend for mankind. It is also the best companion for the old people. The dog can feel the human nature. So many old people will raise dogs if their children are not with them. The old can give their love for their children to the dog to make themselves feel warmly. I believe the seeing eye dog is very famous. They are special dogs. Those dogs will guide their owners whose eyes is blind to go the correct way. See, I say dogs are very competent. 介绍动物英语作文二：

My favourite animal is the giant panda. The giant panda or panda is a bear living in central western and south western China. Most pandas live in Sichuan province. Pandas are adorable because of their distinctive black patches around eyes, ears and across its round body. Pandas are China’s national treasures. They’re among the world’s most adored and protected animals. Pandas are the star attractions in the Beijing Zoo. Experts say that despite their sweet public image, pandas are capable of attacking humans, especially if they feel threatened. 介绍动物英语作文三：

My favorite animals are rabbits. Rabbit is very cute, chubby, hairy. Its head is small, two long ears, like two big fan ed in the head, as long as there is a little static and dynamic, it will be kept on the ears before and after the swing. It is particularly beautiful eyes. It also has an endearing three mouth, the above two, the following one. Jigen on both sides of the mouth are thin beard, it always put the two long vertical whiskers were straight, and appears to be very spirited. Small rabbits love to eat green vegetables, red radish, but it is still the most favorite carrot. Rabbit likes to play on the lawn, it danced on the lawn, never mind played with more fun. 介绍动物英语作文四：

I like many animals ,such as cats,monkeys,fishes and tigers. but my favorite animals are dogs.I keep a dog in my house .My family members call it "Wang Wang" .It is black and white .All of us like him.It is very cute ,friendly and clever .I often takes him out for a walk in the evening.It brings us joys and smiles.So I like it best. 介绍动物英语作文五：

My favourite animal is the giant panda. The giant panda or panda is a bear living in central western and south western China. Most pandas live in Sichuan province. Pandas are adorable because of their distinctive black patches around eyes, ears and across its round body. Pandas are China’s national treasures. They’re among the world’s most adored and protected animals. Pandas are the star attractions in the Beijing Zoo. Experts say that despite their sweet public image, pandas are capable

[介绍动物英语作文

hello,everyone!

today i am very happy,because i can talk about with you.you see i am a lovely girl,yes!i like laughing,i like studying.that`s me-- zhuyingjie from badong shiyan primary school.i am eight. i am young but i know “we are the masters of nature.” we have only one earth. but now,the environment becomes worse and worse. as you know,theres no enough clean water for people. so many of them lose their lives because of water.if we take good care of our earth today,it will be more beautiful tomorrow.

my dear friend let us start from the trivial side,to be a good kid keeper.

描写妈妈的英语作文：我的妈妈

My mother

My mother’s name is nancy. She has long hair, two big eyes My mother likes sports and shopping. Her favourite sports are football and yoga. And her favourite food is ice cream. She also likes dogs and cats.

My mother is a high school techer, she works very hard and does very well in the school.

My mother also concerns my study. She always helps me study and play the piano. She is very glad when I make progress.

My mother loves me very much. And I love my mother too!

描写妈妈的英语作文：我的妈妈

My mother

My mother is very kind and beautiful although she is not tall.She is 42 years old this year.She is a nurse,so she is always very busy day and night.But she loves her job,and she often takes care of her patients.Of course,she also likes singing,dancing,cooking and shopping,but she almost no time to do them.

Oh,I love my mother.

描写妈妈的英语作文：我的妈妈

I have a great mother. She cares much about me in my life and study.

In the morning, she gets up early to make breakfast for me. When I was little, she prepared my schoolbag. But now, she tells me to do it by myself. Because she thinks I have been old enough to do it. Besides, she always checks my homework. When I finish my homework, she checks it and points out the mistakes. She is very careful and helps me a lot.

I love my mother.

这就是我(This is me)

Hello, everybody! My name is Michael. Im a happy boy. Because I laugh everyday. I have a big family. There are three people in my family, my mother, my father and I. My parents are managers and Im a student. I study in Grade Seven, Class Eleven, Dongzhou Middle School. Its a nice place. There are many students in my class. I have a good teacher, Miss Jiang. My favorite lessons are English and Math. I like dogs very much. I have only one dog. Its name is Doudou. Its a pretty dog.

Oh, I forgot to tell you something about my old friend. His name is Tad. His hobby is playing basketball. So he is taller and stronger than I. He has two big eyes and long hair. He is my best friend.

This is me, a happy boy!

Sakura is the Japanese name for ornamental cherry trees, Prunus serrulata, and their blossoms. Cherry fruit (known as sakuranbo) come from a different species of tree.

Sakura, a well-known and ubiquitous symbol of Japan, are represented on all manner of consumer goods, including kimono, stationery, and dishware. Cherry blossoms are an enduring metaphor for the ephemeral nature of life, and as such are frequently depicted in art. There is at least one popular folk song, originally meant for the shakuhachi (bamboo flute), titled "Sakura", as well as a number of pop songs. "Sakura" is also a common Japanese female name.

Sakura is indigenous to the Himalayas and east Asia. Some trees can be found in China and Korea but the largest number and variety of sakura, more than 305 species, can be seen in Japan. Many of them were artificially hybridized or grafted by the Japanese many centuries ago.

"On the other hand, in China, cherry blossom is the symbol of feminine dominance, female beauty and sexuality. Additionally, the cherry blossom is the Chinese symbol of feminine principle and it also symbolizes love in the language of herbs. Interestingly, cherry blossom is the flower of the April in China, whereas in Japan, it is wisteria." Spring flowers of Japan

Japans most beloved variety is the Somei Yoshino. Its flowers are nearly pure white, tinged with the palest pink, especially near the stem. The flowers bloom, and usually fall within a week, before the leaves come out. Therefore, the trees look nearly white from top to bottom. The variety takes its name from the village of Somei (now part of Toshima in Tokyo). It was developed in the mid- to late-19th century at the end of the Edo period and the beginning of the Meiji period. The Somei Yoshino is so widely associated with cherry blossoms that jidaigeki and other works of fiction often depict the variety in the Edo period or earlier; such depictions are anachronisms.

Other categories include yamazakura, yaezakura, and shidarezakura. The yaezakura have large flowers, thick with rich pink petals. The shidarezakura, or weeping cherry, has branches that fall like those of a weeping willow, bearing cascades of pink flowers.

Annually, the Japanese Meteorological Agency and general public track the sakura zensen, or Cherry-Blossom Front. Nightly forecasts follow the weather segment of news programs. The blossoming begins in Okinawa in January, and typically reaches Kyoto and Tokyo at the end of March or the beginning of April. Then it proceeds north, arriving in Hokkaidō a few weeks later. Japanese pay close attention to these forecasts. They will go to parks, shrines and temples with family and friends and hold a "flower viewing party" known as hanami. Hanami festivals celebrate the beauty of sakura, and for many, it is a chance to relax and enjoy the beautiful view. Hanami custom in Japan dates back to many centuries ago. It is witten in Nihon Shoki that the Hanami festival were already held in the 3rd century.

Most Japanese schools and public buildings have sakura trees outside of them. Since the fiscal and school year both begin in April, in many parts of Honshū, the first day of work or school will coincide with the cherry blossom season.

(self-introduction)

1.Good morning. I am glad to be here for this interview. First let me introduce myself. My name is ***, 24. I come from ******,the capital of *******Province. I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,2001.In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you . I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.I like reading books, especially those about *******.Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.I am able to operate the computer well.I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.I am a football fan for years.Italian team is my favorite.Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team. I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.

Hello, everyone. I can tell you about me! I am a happy girl. My name is Nina, I am 12 years old this year. My hobbies are singing and dancing. I usually play basketball on Saturday. I want to grow up to be a doctor .I didn’t like playing video games, but I like reading some books .I ride bike to school .I go to school from Monday to Friday. I am a good student in my school .Because I so like study .I am good kid too, Do you know? I usually do homework, help my family. My cook food is tasty .I like cat my favorite season is fall. I like warm and sunny. I so like red. This is me! What about you?

大家好。我可以告诉你关于我的!我是一个快乐的女孩。我叫妮娜，今年12岁。我的爱好是唱歌和跳舞。我通常在星期六打篮球。我想长大后成为一名医生，我不喜欢玩电子游戏，但我喜欢读一些书，我骑自行车上学，我从星期一到星期五上学。我是一个好学生，因为我很喜欢学习，我也是一个好孩子，你知道吗?我通常做家庭作业，帮助我的家庭。我的烹调食物很好吃，我喜欢猫，我最喜欢的季节是秋天。我喜欢温暖和阳光。我很喜欢红色。这是我!你呢?

导语：每个人都有自己的家庭，你会跟大家怎么介绍你的家庭呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

My name is Yu Geqin. I’m nine years old. There are three members in my family, my father, my mother and I.

My father is a teacher. He is very handsome. He always wears a pair of glasses. He works very hard. He’s busy from morning to night. He’s the cleverest man of my family. He can solve the difficult problems, too.

My mother is very beautiful. She has two big eyes and her black hair is long. My mother is worker. She is good at her job. She is also a good housewife.

I have a happy family. I like it very much.

英语作文翻译：

我叫于格沁。我九岁。我家有三口人，我爸爸，我妈妈和我。

我的父亲是一名教师。他很英俊。他总是戴着一副眼镜。他工作很努力。他从早到晚忙着。他是我家最聪明的人。他也能解决这些难题。

我妈妈很漂亮。她有两只大眼睛，黑色的头发很长。我妈妈是工人。她擅长她的工作。她也是个好主妇。

我有一个幸福的家庭。我非常喜欢它.

I am a 10 years old boy. Smart and handsome. I am proud of myself. Because

I can get perfect scores in Chinese, math and English. It is not good enough, I

am also proud of being an elder brother. That is a Friday evening, my baby

brother was crying all the time. My parents were both cooking for dinner.

I said to my mum; let me look after this little thing. My mum said, “are

you sure you can?” “Yes, believe me I can.” I answered. Then mum went to the

kitchen. I went towards my baby brother. “Oh baby, don’t cry. I will sing a song

for you…” I carried him and sing songs for him. After a while, he was asleep. I

was so tired. My parents were happy and praised me a good boy. This is my first

time to look after my baby brother and I feel proud of myself.

Grace is one of my classmates. She is not good at study, though she usually works very hard. Maybe she just doesn’t find the learning method suitable for her. In my mind, she is clever. Thongh she is not good at study, she is popular in our class. In all people’s mind, she is kind and optimistic. Treating everyone as friend, she has no enemy. As she doesn’t study well, it is hard to avoid feeling sad. However, everytime she just feels sad for a while and then recovers for the first one. Sometimes it is her who comforts us for not for not doing well in the exam. Look, she is so cute!

格瑞斯是我的一个同学。她学习不好，虽然她平时非常努力学习。也许她只是没有找到适合自己的学习方法而已。在我眼里，她是很聪明的。虽然她学习不好，但她在班里人缘很好。在所有人的眼里，她是友好，乐观的。她对待每个人都像朋友一样，所以她没有敌人。因为学习不好，难免会感到悲伤。但是，每次她都只是难过一会，就第一个恢复了。有时候还是她安慰我们这些因为考试不好而难过的人。看，她是如此的可爱!

I am Andrea. Perhaps the word "average" can best describe me. I am of average heigHt, average weight and of average complexion. I have a thin face, double-lid eyes and a pointed nose. My hair is black, short and straight. I have never worn my hair long.I look like both my mother and

my father, but I have inherited their best parts.

lam a teacher, and I like my job. I believe her or his students can sometimes teach a teacher. Actually I have learnt a lot from my own teaching experience and my students. One particularly good thing about being a teacher is that I am learning something new each day and thus making progress each day. This is wonderful. Of course the income is modest, but on the other hand, quite stable. I keep growing all the time. I find great rewards both monetarily and mentally.

I have many hobbies: reading books, raising pets, making dresses, etc. I like volleyball very much, but I cant play it very often, because it is a team sport. It is difficult to get enough people to play volleyball with me. Its a shame. I derive great pleasure out of my hobbies.

Generally speaking, I am open, honest and easy-going. I hate hypocrisy and injustice. Fairness is very important to me. I try to be fair in everything I do. I have great appreciation for physical and spiritual independence. I am a bit disorganized and impatient sometimes.

I dont have many friends, but I do have a few. I have both male and female friends. We do sports together, go shopping together; and we exchange our views and ideas and share happiness and sadness. Of course we help each other if necessary. I always consider myself a lucky person. I am lucky in my family, I am lucky in my career, I am lucky in my friendship, I am lucky in many things. In one word, I am lucky in life. I am really grateful for all these.

我叫安德里亚。也许“平凡”一词最能形容我。我中等身材，不胖也不瘦，不白也不黑。我有一张瘦削的脸，双眼皮，翘鼻子，我乌黑的头发又短又直，我从未留过长发。我长得既像妈妈又像爸爸，不过我继承了他们的优点。

我现在是一名教师，我热爱我的工作。我认为，一个老师有时也能从他(她)的学生那儿学到知识。事实上，从我的教书经历，从我的学生们那里，我学到了许多许多。 当老师特别好的一点就是每天我都在学习新的东西，并因此而每天取得进步。这真是棒极了。 当然，收入并不高。然而，换个角度看，收入却是相当稳定的。我一直都在不断进步成长，在金钱方面与精神方面我都得到丰厚的回报。

我的兴趣爱好广泛，比如：读书，养宠物，制作服装，等等。虽然我非常喜欢打排球，但是由于这是一项团队运动，我不能经常去打。要找到足够多的人同我一起打排球是很难的。真遗憾!兴趣爱好给我带来无穷的乐趣。

总的说来，我是一个外向、诚实而随和的人。我对任何虚伪和不公正都深恶痛绝。我极为珍视公平公正，对于所做的每一件事，我都尽力做到公平。我崇尚物质上和精神 .

Shenzhen is rich in its native produce, such as "three yellow chickens" from Longgang, litchi from Nantou, peach from Nanshan, pear from Shiyan, mandarin orange from Jinggui, square persimmons from Longhua. Wildlife in the list of state protection is tiger-striped frogs, boas, rhesus monkeys, zibets, leopards, and pangolins. Shenzhen has 230 kilometers long coastline with a wealth of aquatics, of which oyster from Shajing is a special native produce.

A system of tourist attractions characterized by distinctively local and natural and cultural touches has taken shape in Shenzhen. There are 50 attraction sites inluding, among others, such as the offshore field in the west, the sarafi park, Overseas Chinese Town Holiday Resort and Golf Club at Guanlanhu (the two Grade AAAA attractions), Aircraft Carrier Minsks

There are four people in my family。 They are my father， my mother， my elderly brother and I。 My father is a computer engineer。 He works in a big company in my city。 My mother is a nurse。 She works hard to help patients。 But she is always busy and always comes home late tiredly。 My brother is three years older than me。 Now， he is a middle school student。 He is sunny and easygoing。 He can help me a lot in my study。 I am primary school student。 I love my families。 So do they。

我家有四口人。他们是我的父亲，我的母亲，我的哥哥，我的父亲是一名计算机工程师。他在我城市的一家大公司工作。我的母亲是一名护士。她努力帮助病人。但是她总是很忙，总是很晚才回家。我哥哥比我大三岁。现在，他是一名中学生。他阳光明媚，很随和。在我的学习中他可以帮我很多。我是小学生。我爱我的家庭。所以他们。

I was a tiger boy, and everyone would laugh and say, "look, how nice the boy is!" Remember to learn taekwondo, teachers and brothers affectionately call me: big head, rain not worry!

I grow so well, because I can eat specially, composition self-introduction. When I devour the meat, my mother will say I am a little beast. Besides meat, I also have a taste for fruit. I like to eat crooked bananas, red apples, yellow oranges and very individual tomatoes. One of my favorite oranges is the yellow one. I remember grandmas little fruit stand on the front door, filled with all kinds of fruit, but grandma always kept me at home. Just can walk that day, I finally catch a chance and staggered came to the fruit stand, enjoy a little enough, then holding the rounded belly home with grandma go to pay, is really very ah!

Although I am very strong, but not a bit clumsy, running, I can always take the lead; The popular skateboard I also play very well; A year ago, I began to learn badminton, and the progress was obvious.

I am also more able to calm down, thanks to the three years of calligraphy training, not only let me write a beautiful brush calligraphy, but also developed a stubborn perseverance. I love it. In the past six months, I have read books such as the terrible science, journey to the west and Hans Christian Andersens fairy tales.

I, a sunny boy, would you like to make friends with me?

Do you want to live in the city or the country?

I like to live in the country that the sun rises in the morning with the first golden light & the first sound from the cock.. All the animals & plants begin their life from this moment on and some of the animals begin their sleeping the new day. This is a very beautiful beginning in the world that you just can see all these in the country not in the city.

And for people , the people in the country are kind although they are ungrace-ful .that is not important that you will feel what is the realest in the friendship of people.

Are people kinder in the city or the country?

The people live in the country is kinder than the people live in the city . this is so sure that I just feel all this from my grandparents . My grandpatents both are country people. Their family is poor that they even do not have more money after they finish all their meals.but my mother was so so interested in studying. My grandparents got five children & gave the choice to study to allof them .

Datong is a national of the first published one of 24 historical and cultural cities. Datong is the Warring States Period, Zhao, Han Chi-ping County, its capital the Northern Wei, Tang Kaiyuan eighteen years (AD 730) set the clouds and cloud Island County. Liao Shigehiro thirteen years (AD 1044) this Datong city construction Xijing, seventeen years (AD 1048) Purchase Datong County, attached Guo. Since then, Datong Countys unchanged in use. Suction Hongwu seven years (AD 1374) to Datong House rule. Anti-Japanese War grouped East and West Datong County. After the liberation in May 1949, to build for the Datong Datong City, is a Chahar Province. Reintegration of Shanxi Province in November 1952. Yanbei administrative office in July 1993 to withdraw, and Datong merger Yanbei administrative office will be transferred to some counties under the jurisdiction of Datong. Has jurisdiction over a zone, urban, mining, south suburbs, the new wing zones 5 zones and Yang Gao county, town, county days, Kwong Ling County, Lingqiu County, hunyuan County, Zuoyun County, Datong County 7 County.

Good morning.

I am glad to be here for this interview.

First let me introduce myself.

My name is ***, 24.

I come from ******,the capital of *******Province.

I graduated from the ******* department of *****University in July ,2001.

In the past two years I have been preparing for the postgraduate examination while I have been teaching *****in NO.

****middle School and I was a head-teacher of a class in junior grade two.

Now all my hard work has got a result since I have a chance to be interview by you .

I am open-minded ,quick in thought and very fond of history.

In my spare time,I have broad interests like many other youngsters.

I like reading books, especially those about *******.

Frequently I exchange with other people by making comments in the forum on line.

In addition ,during my college years,I was once a Net-bar technician.

So, I have a comparatively good command of network application.

I am able to operate the computer well.

I am skillful in searching for information in Internet.

I am a football fan for years.

Italian team is my favorite.

Anyway,I feel great pity for our country’s team.

I always believe that one will easily lag behind unless he keeps on learning .

Of course, if I am given a chance to study ****** in this famous University,I will stare no effort to master a good command of advance ******.