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1000关于保护动物八年级作文
全文共 373 字
+ 加入清单最近在新闻中,可以常常看到许多虐待动物的事件,我觉得它们好可怜喔!因为即使他们无法用人类的.语言来诉说心声,但是他们也拥有真实的喜怒哀乐与思考,所以我们应该多尊重他们。
换个角度想,如果今天换成是我们是那被虐待的对象,我们会开心吗?当然不会,因为每个人都希望自己被疼爱、被尊重,所以我们不能虐待小动物,要好好对待他们。
其实不只是动物,对人更是要这样,因为“身体发肤,受之父母”,每个人都是父母心头上的一块肉,每当父母在教训我们时,可是打在儿女身,痛在父母心。所以我们应该要孝顺,好好珍惜父母,少让他们担心、生气,好好珍惜、尊重自己的生命,其实对父母来说就是最大的孝顺了。我们也会在新闻中看到,有些人因为遇到 一些挫折或瓶颈,而做出让爱自己的人难过的事,其实每一个生命都是最独一无二的,所以我们应该好好去珍惜他、保护他,从尊重开始,让我们一起努力吧!
更多相似作文
篇1:高中英语作文:保护中国文化
全文共 1057 字
+ 加入清单导语:民族传统文化的生态环境遭到不同程度的破坏,传统文化形态逐渐被现代化的生活方式所替代,民族传统文化日渐流失。所以,保护我国的民族传统文化势在必行。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文,欢迎阅读与借鉴,谢谢!
假如你是李华,某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你准备给该报投稿,稿件内容包括:
1、保护中国传统文化的重要性;
2、列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例;
3、谈谈你对文化保护的建议。
字数要求:120字。Protect Traditional Chinese Culture
【模板】
Dear editor,
I know on your school English newspaper that the readers are expected to have a discussion on the topic of protecting Traditional Chinese Culture. The protection of national and folk culture is of great significance to Chinese cultural diversity and also to the harmonious social development. I have a strong desire to share my personal viewpoints on it.
In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. To begin with, we should make a law to regulate the society’s performance. What’s more, we should draw more people’s attention to it, for the more they know about the importance of culture protection, the stronger support we can get from the public.
In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture.
篇2:善待动物英语作文带翻译
全文共 2183 字
+ 加入清单Recently I have seen such a story, the story on the way to save a giant snake women in banda aceh in Indonesias aceh province provincial capital, a woman under the guidance of a serpent, arrived in safety. 26-year-old woman riza said, on December 26, 2004, she lives in a village was flooded with waves, panic in the people running for their lives.
At this time, a female neighbor because of badly wounded, riza, please take your a pair of twins, she then back up the twins. To fight with in the jet stream, she saw a big snake down the flood from the left to swim, she is just like the serpent has been to swim, the results arrived in a safe place. After the event, riza said: "very strange when meet the serpent, I do not feel panic." Moreover, the serpent did not bite them.
Yes, as long as we treat animals, animals will be kind to you, but if you hurt the animals, which hurt just dont know is you a person but a human. In recent years my human destruction of the food chain, all the time and so many animals die because we humans, spirited, extinction. Some even have some rare animals fur to make clothes for money! Some people regard animals as the experiment, according to statistics, there are 2.5 million animals die each year from drug test, in this world, animals are used in shampoo, cosmetics, cancer drug test, although it is not the same with animals, but people and animals have the same right to life, they also have a desire to survive, so human cant go to such a large number of experimenting on animals. Now so many animals came to attack us, because we damage to them, so want to animals will also be kind to you, you will be kind to animals.
最近我看到过一个这样的故事,这个故事讲着一条巨蛇引路救妇女是在在印尼亚齐省省会班达亚齐,一名女子在一条大蛇的指引下,抵达安全地点。26岁女子丽扎说,2004年12月26日,她住的村落被巨浪淹没,慌乱中人们纷纷逃命。
这时,一名女邻居因为受了重伤,请丽扎带自己的一对双胞胎逃生,她于是背起了双胞胎。在与急流搏斗时,她看见一条大蛇从左侧顺着洪流游去,她就跟大蛇一直游,结果抵达了安全的地方。事后,丽扎说:"很奇怪,当时见到大蛇,我并不感到惊慌。"而且,大蛇也没有咬她们。
是啊,只要我们善待动物,那么动物也会善待你,但如果你伤害了动物,哪受伤害的就不知是你一个人而是人类。就在近些年来我人类时时刻刻都在破坏着生物链,而因此许多动物都因为我们人类的搏杀而死亡、灭绝。甚至有些人为了钱把一些珍稀动物的皮毛做成衣服!还有些人把动物当成了实验品,据统计每年有250万的动物死于药物试验,在这个世界,动物们被用于洗发水,化妆品,癌症药品的试验,人虽然与动物是不相同的,但人与动物却有着相同的生存权利,它们也有求生的欲望,所以人类不能去这样大量的用动物做试验。现在之所以这么多的动物都来攻击我们,是因为我们对他们的破坏,所以要想动物也会善待你,你就要善待动物。
篇3:保护动物作文200字四:保护动物
全文共 232 字
+ 加入清单青蛙它是两栖动物。它生活在水里,或在靠近水边的地方。它专门吃田里害虫。它是农作物的“忠诚卫士”,是天然的捕虫机。一只青蛙平均一天吃70只害虫,一年能吃掉15000条害虫。
蜻蜓也很厉害。一只蜻蜓一个小时能吃20个蝇子或840只蚊子,真令人惊讶!
燕子就更厉害了,它一只燕子一个夏天就能吃掉50万条害虫,燕子真是人类的好帮手!
蜜蜂可以给我们人类带来甜甜的蜜,它也对我们有益的,我们要保护它。
地球上的有益动物,我们都要保护它们。
篇4:保护环境作文英语80个单词
全文共 865 字
+ 加入清单henry ford didn’t always pay attention in school. one day ,he and a friend took a watch apart. angry and upset, the teacher told him both to stay after school. their punishment was to stay until they had fixed the watch. but the teacher did not know young ford’s genius. in ten minutes, this mechanical wizard had repaired the watch and was on this way home..
ford was always interested in how things worked. he once plugged up the spout of a teapot and placed it on the fire. then he waited to see what would happen. the water boiled and, of course, turned to steam. since the steam had no way to escape, the teapot exploded. the explosion cracked a mirror and broke a window. the young inventor was badly scalded
ford’s year of curiosity and tinkering paid off. he dreamed of a horseless carriage. when he built one, the world of transportation was changed forever.
篇5:小学生保护环境的英语作文
全文共 1293 字
+ 加入清单The earth is our mother, is the survival of our homes. With the improvement of living standards, while enjoying the human, but unknowingly destroyed her, our living environment is deteriorating.
At ordinary times is ok, we eat a piece of gum, chewing freely to spit on the ground, after chewing gum stuck firmly on the ground, cleaning workers to use shovels to get it off, and gum also pollute the land. We often when shopping, use large and small plastic bags, plastic bags but dont know by fire, and produce toxic gases after the landfill is not easy to degrade after, can also lead to land is destroyed, the population of China is so much, you can imagine how many plastic bags in the pollution of our environment.
A persons environmental action is like a lamp, when everybody lit the lamp, the whole world would be bright! Lets get started! Dont eat chewing gum; Dont use plastic bags; Dont use disposable chopsticks... Protect the environment, everyone duty! Let our earth more beautiful!
地球是我们的母亲,是我们赖以生存的家园。随着生活水平的提高,人类在享受的同时,却在不知不觉地破坏她,我们的生存环境不断恶化。
平时没事时,我们就吃一块口香糖,嚼完后随口吐在地上,口香糖牢牢地粘在地上,清洁工人得用铲子才能把它弄掉,而且口香糖也污染土地。我们经常在购物时,会用到大大小小的塑料袋,却不知塑料袋被火烧后会制造有毒气体,填埋后还不容易降解,还会导致土地被破坏,中国人口这么多,可想而知会有多少塑料袋在污染我们的环境。
一个人的环保行动就像是一盏灯,当大家都点燃自己的那盏灯,整个世界就会一片光明!让我们行动起来吧!不吃口香糖;不用塑料袋;不用一次性筷子…保护环境,人人有责!让我们的地球更加美丽!
篇6:保护动物英语作文Protectwildanimals
全文共 1355 字
+ 加入清单Many animals are in danger of dying out。 As is shown in the chart, we can see the number of animal species decreases faster and faster and this trend will continue。 From 1980 to 2010, at least 1 million animal species have disappeared。 Worse still, more and more wild animals are in great danger。 It is not a piece of sensational news; it is a fact, a harsh reality。 Unfortunately, we may not see these animals in the near future。
From the second picture, we can find some reasons。 Why is the number of animal species declining year by year? Apparently animals have become victims of fashion industry。 Animal skin has been used to make fashionable clothes and these clothes sell at a high price。 So some greedy people begin to kill animals in a large quantity。 This irresponsible behavior not only breaks the balance of nature but also endangers the living environment of human beings。
As far as I am concerned, something must be done to stop this illegal action。 We believe "no buying, no killing"。 First, we must make concerning laws to protect these animals in danger。 Second, we must take some measures to protect animals effectively。 Animals are our friends and part of our environment。 Third, we should raise peoples awareness to protect animals and our environment。 In this way, we can build a harmonious society and ensure a sustainable development。
篇7:介绍我喜欢的小动物英语
全文共 1173 字
+ 加入清单My favorite little animal - the turtle, I gave it a name called "Li Shijan", usually I call it "extension". It is not just a lovely shape and it can sometimes understand my words! Its head small, neck thin, but also carrying a bowl like the size of the shell, green, pointed little tail It is very interesting to start the road.
Although it is only a small animal, but it also has a good heart. Once a grandfather was hospitalized, it was hunger! Even if we had bought it the most favorite loach fish, it would not have eaten it. Until the grandfather half a month after discharge, it was happy to eat, when the devil is really like people love and pity.
But sometimes it is also "hateful"! One day, it is in the glass cylinder hold the uncomfortable to come out, I see it anxious look like to help it, I use the index finger and thumb carefully pinch its shell, light I did not want to come out, did not think that it was with a sharp claws to scratch me, really do not know good people! Although I am very angry, but to see it happy on the ground free to play everywhere, I am also happy for it The
This is my favorite little animal - the turtle "extension". Do you like it?
篇8:五年级关于保护环境英语作文
全文共 1198 字
+ 加入清单Now, people dont speak hygiene, make the earth became very clean.
Factory waste water into the river discharge, discharge waste water will not think about it, if people drink the water, what will happen?
Also, people cut down trees, on the lawn, people will think of these things, without the trees, how do we have the fresh air and oxygen, no grass we how green home! Besides, if sandstorm comes, without the trees blocking, what will become of our home.
Why are both street trash can, this is to remind people not to throw rubbish everywhere, put the rubbish in the garbage can. But, a lot of people love throwing garbage everywhere, this kind of behavior not only damage the image of our home, what also polluted the earth again.
I want to tell everyone: "protecting the environment is to love life!" To protect the environment, we should start from the side, starts from me, to build our homes more beautiful!
现在,人们都不讲卫生,使地球变得很不干净。
工厂里的废水向河里排,排废水的人会不会想想,如果人类喝了那些水,会怎么样?
还有,人们砍伐树木,踏入草坪,做过这些事的人会不会想想,没有了树木我们怎么有新鲜的空气和氧气,没有了小草我们怎么绿化家园啊!再说,如果沙尘暴来了,没有了树木的阻挡,我们的家园会变成什么样。
为什么街道旁都有垃圾桶,这是提醒人们不要随地乱扔垃圾,把手中的垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。但是,很多人都爱随地扔垃圾,这种行为不仅损坏我们家园的形象,还让地球再一次的被污染。
篇9:海洋动物的英语
全文共 693 字
+ 加入清单In the vast ocean live many creatures with great intellectual and physical capacities.Dolphin is one of those great creatures,whose capacities to think and move at an astounding rate puzzle those who study their behaviors,Dolphins possess something that makes them different from all the other sea creatures.It is not strength or speed but the size of their brains.Dolphin s brain is almost the same size as that found in the human head.They live for a ling time.
Dolphins babies are born in the water.They can grow up to three and a half meters long.
Dolopins use sound to help them find their way,look for their food and talk with each other.Sound is just like their eyes and mouths.
篇10:保护动物的小学作文800字
全文共 814 字
+ 加入清单“喵——”一只刚诞生的小猫自电线杆前,摇摇晃晃地用它瘦小的身躯向我走来。在冷冽寒风的无情侵蚀下,它更显得禁不起任何一点风吹雨打,我于是蹲下身,轻抚它凌乱不堪的毛发,我的心顿时蒙上了一层悲情的阴影。人们怎么能对生命有如此轻薄的负责态度?是怎样的残忍,让人们能如此狠心的,把这样虚弱又幼小的生 命就这样弃在冷清凄凉的大街上?
在这浩瀚的世界里,所有生物都是由这伟大的母亲——地球,用那温柔的双手细心呵护而成长。普天下生命都是平等的,它们都是血肉之躯,是有感情的,都应获得尊重,而不是残忍的因为人类的自私而无辜在这世上牺牲。
人类总自视甚高地认为,有动物都是为他们人生存在这世上,所以做出许多忍残忍又不尊重、爱保护生态命的举动,像是为了人类在科技中的一大步,将小白鼠做为实验 的对象;为了追随自私的时尚、为了凸显自身的地位,而使用动物的皮毛来作饰品甚至残忍杀害,为了赚取极大的利益,杀害珍贵稀有的动物……
然而,也有一些人致力于保护动物,他们为流浪狗结扎,有的甚至为流浪动物开设收容所,照顾它们,将他们的爱心付诸天下万物,为他们辟出另一生命乐土,而不 是走向安乐死这条不归路。虽然不是任何人都能付出如此,但每个人都能奉献己力,奉最大的力量、献最美的爱心,来保护这些生命。
每个人都需要具有爱保护生命的智慧,几个小小的动作,对动物来说其实会是个大大的壮举。举例来说,“以领养代替购买”,这不仅能省下购买宠物的不必要,还能够使无家可归的生命,有了希望的天地;让饱受艰辛的命运,有了未来的光明。爱它就不要抛弃它。当要养一只宠物时,不如事先酿一滴心思,衡量自己到是否有能 力去为一个小生命付出自已,假使无法负担,就别妄下决定,任何的不负责,都会毁了这个小生命美好的未来。
爱护动物,就是爱这个世界,保护动物,尊重它们,让这美丽的世界多一点幸福、多一点温暖;少一点悲剧,少一处杀害。用最美的心,将爱护的力量,点亮生命光辉;将保护生态的智慧,点缀美好世界。
篇11:初中英语作文及翻译:保护环境
全文共 956 字
+ 加入清单Protecting the Environment
In the last several decades, our earth has been extremely polluted, such as air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and so on. In recent years, the extreme weather becomes more and more frequent. Winter gets colder and summer becomes hotter and it rains more frequently. All of these warn us that protecting the environment is a serious and emergent event. As our general people, we should build proper lifestyle. We should pay attention to water and light saving. When we go out, we should firstly choose the public transportation. The most important is that we must realize that we can do a lot of things to protect our environment. Its our duty to make our home better. Let’s change from ourselves.
在过去的几十年里,我们的地球已经极度污染,比如大气污染,水污染以及噪音污染等等。近几年,极地气候越来越频繁。冬天越来越暖,夏天越来越热,还经常下雨。所有的这些都警示我们保护环境是一件严肃紧迫的事。作为普通老百姓,我们应该形成合适的生活方式。我们应该注意节约水电。出门的时候我们应该首选公共交通。最重要的是我们必须意识到我们可以做很多事情来保护我们的环境。使我们的家园变得更美好是我们的责任。让我们从自己开始改变。
篇12:我喜欢的动物的英语
全文共 342 字
+ 加入清单I like dogs, because they are man’s good friends.
They can do many helpful things to us, such as guarding our houses, greeting guests, helping the police, and so on.
Some trained dogs can even lead the blind people and save people’s lives. So they‘re treated as our family members.
I hope someday dogs will be in great harmony with human-beings.
篇13:三年级英语动物日记
全文共 806 字
+ 加入清单I like the program" Animal World" . First of all, I like animals, especially small animals. Secondly, the host is able to make the program lively and interesting. Thirdly, through this program I know a lot of things that I havent known before. I gain some knowledge about animal life, such as, different lives of various kinds of animals, the relationship between people and nature, people and animal, and the importance of animal protection.
I want to say that animals are part of nature as we are. They can not be separated from the humans. We must keep nature in balance.
Please give your love to animals. Stop killing them.
我喜欢“动物世界”这个节目。首先,我喜欢动物,尤其是小动物。第二,主持人把节目办得既生动又有趣。另一方面,通过这个节目,我知道了许多以前不知道的关于动物生活方面的事情,例如不同动物的不同生活习惯,人与动物之间、人与自然之间的关系,还有保护动物的意义。
我想说的是,动物是自然的一部分,它们与人类不可分割,我们一定保持生态平衡。
请把你们的爱给它们吧,不可以杀害它们。
篇14:保护动物是人类的义务
全文共 377 字
+ 加入清单生活在同一个地球上,人与人之间应该相互关爱但决不能鄙视动物的生命,应该平等对待。
动物与人类是密不可分的,长久以来,人与动物就共存于一个大自然和同一个地球上,动物是人类的伙伴是人类的朋友,大自然是个平衡的生态系统,如果我们的伙伴消失了,人类也将不复存在。
目前很多动物都已灭绝:世界上最大的海确,毫无防御能力的史德拉海牛、地球上最大的狮子、生活最南端的狼、唯一生活在非洲的熊……
面对这些残酷的现实,作为人类的我们难道没有一丝心痛?一份责任?动物是我们的朋友,这一点谁都知道,可是又有几个人轻易保护这些动物了呢?
我认为,每个人应该从实际出发,从小事做起,从自己,从身边做起。
曾经,世界上发生过无数疾病,害死了多少无辜的人,那些人都白白牺牲了,实际上大多数疾病传播都与动物有关,而这些动物也是非常无辜的,因为这些后果大多都是人为因素。
总之,保护动物是人类的义务!
篇15:为什么我们应该保护野生动物?
全文共 258 字
+ 加入清单你了解一些处于危险的动物吗?为什么他们处于危险之中?
我想世界上有许多处于危险之中的动物,例如老虎、熊猫.当农民们砍倒了树木,老虎不再能够隐藏和猎食,许多老虎被那些用毛皮换钱的人们杀掉.而且几乎没有地方供熊猫生存.在这个世界上,我们不是孤立的.如果我们的周围没有那些植物和动物,我们的人类就不能够生存.因此,保护野生动物是非常重要的.我们必须采取一些措施来保证植物不被毁坏,停止杀戮动物.如果我们每个人能够种植一棵树、建造一个鸟巢,世界将是非常美好的,这件事情很简单但是很有用的。
[英语作文:为什么我们应该保护野生动物
篇16:2024关于保护环境的英语作文
全文共 1850 字
+ 加入清单Green, the color of life; The color of green, environmental protection; With green have the fresh air; With green have the ooze of flowers; Green and healthy life.
Low carbon, environmental protection is refers to life work and rest of the energy consumption to reduce as far as possible, so as to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. In our ordinary people low carbon is a kind of attitude, we should pay attention to the saving, fuel-efficient, solar terms, from the start bit by bit.
Over the years, with the deepening of industrialization, a large amount of carbon dioxide discharge, make the global temperature rise, climate change, it is indisputable fact. The world meteorological organization reported: nearly 10 years of 10 years is global warmest on record. In addition, global warming also makes the Antarctic ice began to melt, causing sea levels to rise, the use area of narrow, humans cannot survive, massive death of animals and plants.
Each piece of articles for daily use, big to small home appliances to toys, books and decoration, each items of the production cost of resources and energy, will bring carbon emissions, perhaps you abandoned things may be needed by others, no longer buy new articles for daily use, will naturally reduce the resources and energy, reducing carbon emissions.
The classmates, in order to "green" of the world, let us act, to cherish green, take good care of green, to create green give an own strength.
绿,生命的颜色;绿,环保的颜色;有了绿色便有了清新的空气;有了绿色便有了沁鼻的花香;有了绿色便有了健康的生命。
低碳环保就是指生活,作息的所耗用能量尽量减少,从而使二氧化碳的排放量减少。于我们普通人来说低碳是一种态度,我们应该时候注意节约、节油、节气,从一点一滴做起。
多年来,随着工业化的深入,大量二氧化碳的排出,使全球气温升高,气候发生变化,这已是不争的事实。世界气象组织曾公布:近10年是记录以来全球最热的10年。此外全球变暖也使得南极冰川开始融化,进而导致海平面升高,使用面积缩小,人类无法生存,动植物大量死亡。
每一件生活用品,大至家电小到玩具,书籍和摆设,每一件物品的生产都要耗费资源和能量,都会带来碳排放,或许你废弃的东西也许正要其他人所需要的,不再购买新的生活用品,自然会降低资源和能源,减少碳的排放量。
同学们,为了世界的“绿色”,让我们行动起来,为珍惜绿色,爱护绿色,创造绿色献出自己的一份力量。
篇17:2024保护动物英语
全文共 1018 字
+ 加入清单Animal is the friend of mankind, is an important part of the natural ecosystem. It is human precious naturalresources. Protect animals to maintain natural ecological balance has important significance.
But now many animals are facing the danger of extinction.With the development of society, pesticide used and serious pollution, city sewage .The wild animal living area is becoming increasingly narrow. Many of the animal is facing a food crisis currently . Whats more, in order to obtain wild animal of precious materials, humans are killing animals.
In order to maintain ecological balance, we should take some effective measures to protect animals.We should develop pollution standards to reduce emission of toxic substances, prevent the killing of some rare animals strictly. We can also establish a national park as a wild animal protection area. The most important thing is to improve people s knowledge of animal care.
Let us join hands in creating a harmonious coexistence of human and animal beautiful homes!
篇18:保护环境英语作文
全文共 1568 字
+ 加入清单"Green" the eternal topic, let us better to understand the importance of environmental protection.
Green environmental protection is to make us live a happy life in a clean environment, however, the environment around us in a worse if we dont alarm, then, our motherland will be a mess in our hands! Green environmental protection starts from me. My dad used to drive his car to work, listen to my advice, to protect the environment, he ride a bike from now on, he thought that not only the exercise of his body, also for the green environmental protection.
My mother began to contribute to the green environmental protection. Before she went to vegetable market to buy food, she used plastic bags, a village green environmental protection propaganda on TV, she understood the green environmental protection is sustainable, in order to we can have a better environment. In order to we live healthier lives, so mom from that moment on, every day go to vegetable market with the own basket, instead of plastic bags.
As a new era of junior middle school students, and I will response to the green environmental protection call for, I had at school are all use one-off chopsticks, but now I can bring their own chopsticks to school. I think, though this is a small matter, but I do my responsibility.
Happiness of life to let China land everyone be permeated with happy smile, rich products, long history, noble quality, the plot environment. Nowadays, the environment is polluted, the green environmental protection starts from me, let us together to protect the environment!
篇19:动物英语作文带翻译
全文共 413 字
+ 加入清单What animal do you like best ?Is it elephant ?Or tiger ?But my favorite animal is monkey . Because they have the yellow skin,a big mouth ,a small nose,and two big eyes .They climb trees quickly ,and they can pick bananas or apples .I think they are very lovely and interesting!
So I hope you to like them ,too.
你最喜欢什么动物?大象吗?还是老虎?但我最喜欢的动物是猴子。因为他们有黄色的皮肤,一个大嘴巴,一个小鼻子,两只大眼睛,他们很快地爬上树,他们可以摘香蕉或苹果,我认为他们非常可爱和有趣!
所以我希望你也喜欢他们。
篇20:保护有益的小动物作文300字
全文共 283 字
+ 加入清单青蛙眼睛大大的,又亮晶晶的,绿色的皮肤是它的保护色,不注意看时就跟田里的庄稼一样,四条腿强壮有力又很灵活,游得时候飞快,据说人类的蛙泳,就是仿照青蛙的游泳姿势,是不是可以说青蛙是人类游泳的“导师”呢!
最近,我在书上看到一个叔叔在吃青蛙肉!那时,我真的吓坏了,青蛙是抓害虫的能手,它会用长舌头吃各种田里的害虫,很厉害的,是帮助人类的呀!如果,没有了青蛙,田里的害虫会越来越多,庄稼收成也少了,而且人们用手去抓虫子废时又废力。妈妈还说:有些虫子有毒的,可能还会受伤。
因此保护有益小动物,是我们每个人都义不容辞的责任。