减压方式英文作文(汇总20篇)

Dear Mother,

How are you these days? How is your work going?

Mom, I know that I have done a lot of sorry for you since I was a child, but

you never beat me and scolded me, instead, you reasoned with me.

Once, you and dad took me to the store to buy clothes, the lamplight shine,

there there are many beautiful clothes, all of a sudden I didnt concern about

the small store in a saw a white dress, the dress with a picture of a man

holding a little girl, little girl holding a womans picture, are there beside

the picture of a bunch of pink small butterfly in dance. I wanted the dress so

badly that I ran to you and said, "Mommy, mommy, do you see that white dress? I

want that dress!" You go over and look at the price tag. A: wow! This dress

costs a thousand dollars! You shook your head. I see you dont buy for me, use

"cry", while crying also on the ground roll. I had no choice but to buy the

dress.

Mother I want to say to you: "Sorry!" I have acted in love with you many

times since I was a child, but you always bought me what I wanted with a smile.

I know that you have worked hard for this money. So, here, I say to you:

"Sorry!"

Mom, I know how much you have given to our family over the years. Behind your

success are always a lot of difficulties around you, but you are not afraid of

difficulties, you overcome the difficulties. Mom, I hope you will pay more

attention to your health in the future!

Finally, I wish my mother a long life and a successful job!

Your child:

1 What is my dream job?I want to be a doctor.I think it’s great and interesting job.I can help many patient.It’s a hard job but I don’t mind it.I can find some happy in this job.Some people think doctors are work late.I don’t think so.If I feel happy,I can’t feel it’s very late.

If I am a doctor now,I like my job.I don’t regret it,I can say:” I found a good job!” I don’t think this job makes me tired,I think it makes me solidity and happy.I believe I am sure to succeed.

This is all of my dream job.I think I am sure to be a good doctor.

This is a hot and beautiful love story, the heroine Margaret beautiful, clever and kind, although prostitution, but still maintained a pure and noble soul. She was passionate and hopeful to pursue a real love life, and when this hope was disillusioned, she was willing to sacrifice herself to become a man.

A prostitute and a very good young man love each other, and they use all their power to love each other. But they can not save their love, not to want the happiness. Deep will eventually become an indelible status for gully love, how many people love can transcend everything eventually defeated in the match with reality. This book is a realistic fairy tale, with a beautiful vision, a bright hope, but cruel to the social nature of social standards out of apathy.

I sympathize with Margaret, but I admire her more. While Armands depravity in higher education, Margaret, a prostitute, was constantly sublimated. A weakness of social system underlying women are hard to find new ways to change the fate, she had to use the body in exchange for money to maintain and Armand poor love, nobody has the power to accuse her lowly, on the contrary Margaret bones is pure pain ".

In the end she was unable to be with her beloved Armand, a tragic death. But she never regretted for her short life. She fell in love with a person, a person who brightens her life and gives her confidence and hope. With the love of the tea flower girl, although still in the flower pattern years of death, but has already got a persons sincere love. No matter how stumbling on the road of love, she never lost her dignity.

随着语文考试制度的改革，作文占据了语文教学的半壁江山，小学作文批改方法。以下是“小学作文批改的多种方式及效果”希望能够帮助的到您！

一、作文批改的现状分析

语文教师要培养学生的写作能力，这是毫无疑问的。但是，需不需要培养学生批改作文的能力，看法就不一致了。传统的作文批改方法是教师全批全改，精批细改。这种方法至少有两大弊害：一是教师疲于奔命，二是学生受益甚微。学生作文教师批改，学生始终处于被动的客体地位。“这表现在作文批改上，批改时只顾到学生作的文，却忘了作文的学生。他们看见错的就改，认为多余的就删，认为不足的就补，甚至整段地重写。可是，很少考虑学生为什么错，为什么要这样写，他想说的究竟是什么，他为什么说不清楚。评语或是称赞或是批评，大多比较空泛，对学生甲说的也可以写到学生乙的作文本上”（叶圣陶《序跋集》第200页）。学生始终处于被动的“受领者”的地位，试想，这样的批改，对学生有什么好处呢？

其次，教师对学生作文的批改，大多数是“背对背”的。教师在办公室批改时发扬愚公移山的精神，默默地“挖山”不止；而学生早已把作文内容忘到“爪哇国”去了。于是乎，作文批改收不到实效，教师的“精批细改”纯属无效劳动，“一江春水”只得付诸东流了。还有一个不争的事实，就是从小学到初中，教师批改的作文不知其数，但真正受益的学生又有几个呢？鉴于此，我们应该从开始写作文就培养学生自己修改作文的能力，尽快地改革作文批改的现状，变“背对背”的“暗中摸索”为“面对面”的“明中探索”，采用多种方式让学生亲自参予到作文批改中来。习作评改应是师生情感交流的桥梁，也是学生通过多种反馈对自己的文章作出较为正确审视的一个过程。

因此，习作评改的方式应是开放的，多元的。师评师改，自评自改，互评互改……都应随机采用。教师要想方设法创设和谐开放的评改氛围，让每一个学生都有参与评改的机会。

二、作文批改的若干方式

（一）、眉批，激活灵感

所谓眉批，主要解决评价文章的局部性问题，对字、词、句、标点或段落

等方面的优缺点进行提示、说明、分析、评定，联系实例给学生提供具体的帮助指导。

学生作文中有错别字或有些句子不通顺，教师就去帮学生一一修改，让学生订正在本子上，然后打上个“良”，写上“本文能抓住重点，突出中心，可错别字、病句多”等之类的评语——这是教师们一般修改作文的方法。遇到很多语句不通顺，错别字又多的作文，教师想帮他批改，就觉得非动全篇不可——每个错字替他改，每句不通顺的话要替他修——这就是老师最头疼的作文。改下来，学生作文面目全非，教师付出太多。

其实，我们又何必如此修改作文，让自己感觉头疼呢？我们何不发挥一下眉批的作用呢？不管是字句通顺的还是字句不通顺的作文，我们都先通篇浏览一下，看看内容符不符合写作要求，如果符合，我们就再重新阅读一遍，发现优美的句子或用得准确生动的词，就用红笔标注出来，再在旁边写上激励性评语：“佳句！”、“好词！”如果有错别字或哪个句子不通顺，我们也用红笔标注，再在旁边注上：“换个词好吗？”、“有错别字！”或“请疏通一下句子！”这类提示性批语。发现有好的过渡句或好的中心句，也用红笔画出，写上“此过渡句用得好！”或“此句子点明中心，效果很好！”之类批语，然后写上评语。发下去后，指导学生根据教师的眉批自行修正，再通过展示台抽一些学生上来汇报他们的修正结果即可。例如：凉爽的夏风吹（1）开了夜的面纱，沉淀了一天的暑气在黑夜里散尽，迎接新一天曙光的是习习凉爽的夏风（2）。大地万物都起得格外早，它们要抓住这美好的夏晨好好地享受一番，那在微风中微微舞动的树叶配上玫瑰红的朝阳，那宛若脸颊般红润柔美的红（3）云，就是一幅绝好的风景画，难道你不为之陶醉吗？改为：（1）将“吹”改为“撩”，“撩开…面纱”，动宾搭配，写出夏天的变幻神奇。（2）这里加上“如果你站到阳台上面对着朝霞沐浴在晨风中再来个深呼吸，那种清凉舒爽的感觉定会叫你心旷神怡”一句，与下文中的“享受”相照应。（3）“红”改为“彩”，避免重复写出多种颜色。

这样批改老师又怎会觉得头疼呢？其实，我们教师根本没有必要每个错字、每个病句都替学生修改，你只要指出文章的优缺点，然后指导学生来修正就可以达到轻松、有效的效果。再说这类学生他们本身就不怎么懂写作文，如果教师再在他的本子上圈一大堆错字、错句，写上批评的语言，那他们就会觉得自己真的很不行，自卑心理日渐加重，对写作就会越来越害怕，这种“批改”不但苦了教师自己，使教师增加烦恼，也不符合“人文”教育的要求。所以，我们教师批改作文，要充分发挥眉批的作用。

（二）、自改互批，汲取精华

1.自改作文，锤炼能力

这是最基本最直接的批改方式，在完成作文后由学生进行自批自评。学生自改的方法能将批改的权力最大限度的下放给学生，使学生变被动为主动，成为批改的主人。叶圣陶十分重视学生的自改，他说：“改与作关系密切，改的优先权应该属于作文的本人，所以我想，作文教学要着重在培养学生自改的能力。”②叶老还曾一再强调：“假如着重培养学生自己改的能力，教师只给些引导和指导，该怎么改让学生自己去考虑去决定，学生不就处于主动地位了吗？养成自己改的能力，这是终身受用的。”“作了文又能自己改，不用请别人改，这就经常处于主动地位，岂不是好？”③ 的确自改能让学生用自己的双手，用自己的头脑，用自己的语言，用自己的方式去体会批改的乐趣，从而在快乐中提高自己的作文水平。在批改前，由教师根据训练的要求规定一定的修改内容，以逐步养成学生良好的自批习惯。在批改前，由教师根据训练的要求规定一定的修改内容，以逐步养成学生良好的自批习惯。如要求学生把自己写作时认为写得最好的句子加上划线，让老师批改时注意。再如对格式的修改，基础分为60分（即能交作文的都有此分数），只要求对格式写得正确与否进行批改，正确的则可得满分；又如错别字的修改，也是在基础分60分的基础上，整篇没有出现错别字的可得满分，2个扣4分，4个扣10分，如此类推，扣20分就不再扣。这样操作简单，学生的写作积极性不易受打击，批改的兴趣也会随批改的次数增加而增加，最后养成良好的自我修改习惯。

这种方式的缺点是由于学生的水平有限，学生的写作能力、赏析能力、批改能力尚浅，有时无论怎样改，都不能改掉文章的一些缺点，甚至是谬误，在差生上更是如此，难以取得良好的效果，这是老师应该注意的。

2．互改作文，集思广益

互批，这是一种同学间交换批改的方式。这种方式简单易行。在批改前是由教师定出批改的范围，然后同学之间进行批改。这样的批改可以使同学之间及时交换批改意见，正如教师的面批作文一样，当遇到不理解、不明白的地方时，可以立刻与作者商量，研究其写作的初衷、意图，达到更有利的批改目的。这种方式可以在一定程度上克服自改的缺陷，它可以通过同学间的互改互相促进，互相提高。具体而言，有以下优点：第一，经过多次批改实践，学生不仅准确地记住了写作文的基本要求，而且对这些要求理解得越来越深刻。他会指导别人应该怎样写，不应该怎样写，自然也增强了自己的写作能力。第二，每个人都有机会看到多名同学的作文，这样容易发现、学习别人的长处。别人的缺点短处，自己引以为戒，也是好事，学生的思想多了一个相互交流，开放的机会。第三，每次批改作文，每人只批一本，负担不重，每次又都抽签换人，批改的人有新鲜感，有兴趣。每位同学的作文，每次又都换一位同学批，看不同的同学对自己的批语，当然也有新鲜感。这种新鲜感，有利于培养学生批改作文的兴趣和看别人批语的兴趣。第四，批改作文时，学生站在批改者的角度，进入教师的角色思考问题，有利于增强学生的心理适应能力、心理平衡能力、角色互换能力，促进学生心理走向成熟。第五，教师只抽查翻阅一部分同学的批改结果，在短时间内看多篇作文，有利于教师比较思考，且保持较浓厚的阅读兴趣，容易激发教师的智力潜能与创造潜能。还可将节省的大量用笔批改的时间，用于研究学生心理，研究学习方法，进一步提高教书育人的效率。

这种方法的缺点同样是由于学生的水平有限，有时无论怎样改，都不能改掉文章的一些缺点，甚至是谬误，在差生身上更是如此，难以取得良好的效果，这是老师应该注意的。如果互改的有一方不认真对待，效果也会打折扣。

组改，这是一种分小组批改作文的方式。作文批改是一种阅读，是一种心灵的沟通、交流，是一种享受，更是一种提高。因此，学生的参与意识不容忽视。把学生推到写作的另一前沿阵地——修改，使其在互相批改中认真切磋，取长补短。孔子云：“三人行，必有我师焉。”④这种方式鼓励学生积极参与，激起学生“为师”的欲望，引发作文批改的兴趣，并出示自己创作中的部分手稿，营造一种积极向上的气氛。这种作文批改方式要注意每组发放一定数量的学生作文，在一定的时间完成批改任务。数量不宜太多，否则学生无法完成任务，又影响批改的质量。起初，可让小组学生在一课时内批改两篇作文，往后可适当增加。这样的小组互批互改活动它还可以为学生提供互相学习的机会，有利于培养学生团队合作的精神，有利于培养学生探索问题的能力，有利于培养学生认真负责的态度，养成良好的书写习惯。 “学习如春起之苗，不见其增，日有所长”，学生在互相批改中渐渐形成了浓厚的作文兴趣，悟出一些作文之道来，会获得出人意料的效果。这种角色互换，还可以使他们切身体会到批改文章的甘苦，进而更加尊重教师的劳动。同时，也把教师从令人头晕的“劳役”中解脱出来。

上述三种作文批改的方式有一点必须注意，就是在让学生批改作文以前要教给学生作文批改的方法，学生应该从哪些方面进行作文批改呢？魏书生认为应要求学生从以下十个方面教给学生作文批改的方法：

（1）、格式是否正确  刚开始，使学生感到写作文，批作文都不难。随随便便地写，老师只要求同学们作文的格式正确，批改作文时只写一条关于格式的批语。批作文的时候要抽签，谁都有可能抽到全班任何一个人的。抽到人家的作文本，打开作文一看，格式没锗，便拿出红笔，写上批语：1．格式正确。批文用减分法，此项倘不减分，此文则为满分，然后签上批改人的尊姓大名。

（2）、卷面是否整洁  显然这一条又是大家都能看得出来的。后进学生批改别人作文，指出卷面不整洁时，下次自己写作文也注意卷面了。

（3）、错别字几个  发现错字，要将错字在原文处打上标记，并且写到批语处，再在后面写上正字。有的粗心的同学错字挑不出来，怎么办？我们就搞流水作业：每人要批四篇文，每篇文要经过甲、乙、丙、丁4个人之手。甲批错别字六个，乙发现本文错别字不是6个，而是7个，那么甲就要对为什么漏掉这个错别字写出一百字的说明书。丙发现本文错字是八个，那么甲、乙同学都要被追究责任，各追加一百字的说明书。学生批改之后，我还要抽查，重点抽查那些粗心的同学。这样使粗心的同学也认真起来，批改的时候，手里抱着大字典，唯恐漏掉了错别字。发现错别字，每两个扣1分，最多扣5分。10个以上也不再多扣，但要一一给予指正。

（4）、有几处病句  挑出一篇作文中的病句，凡病句，都要在下面划上横线，写出病在何处，再在文后批语中，写清病句几处。每处病句减1分，减至5分，不再多减。

（5）、标点符号有几处明显错误  强调句号、引号、叹号、问号的使用。发现明显错误的地方，有一处扣一分，有五处扣五分，超过五处，不再多扣。

以上五条，都是写文章最低的要求，学生经过三、四篇文章的批改实践，就能够掌握。再批改两三篇，掌握得比较熟练了，再一条一条地增加新的要求。

（6）、看文章的中心是否鲜明、集中  这两点在作文指导时，就具体举例，告诉学生什么叫鲜明、集中。学生批改之前，老师先大致看几篇文章，在进行批改指导时，又简介两篇好的文章，再举两篇中心不突出，不集中的例文，学生从老师举的正反两方面的例文，举一反三，就能批得符合实际。

（7）、看文章的选材  这条批语提三点要求：①是否围绕中心。②是否符合生活实际。③是否具有典型性。这三点中最要紧的是第一点，随着作文水平的提高，才提出选材具有典型性的要求。  （8）、看文章的结构

就结构而言，也要写清三点批语：①层次段落是否清晰。②过渡是否自然。③开头和结尾是否照应。

（9）、看表达方式  主要看其是否符合文章体裁的要求，记叙文以记叙为主，说明文以说明为主，议论文当然以议论为主。除此之外，还要看其是否符合作文指导的要求。如写记叙文《他进步了》，要求夹叙夹议，本文是不是做到了。写说明文《芦苇》，要求说明中有描写的成份，文中有没有适量的描写。写散文《家乡赞》，要求记叙、议论、抒情相结合，文中结合得怎么样。

（10）看语言是否简练、通顺、准确  语言不简练，重复、罗嗦者酌情扣分，此项不超过二分。语言不通顺，不是指有病句，而是指句与句之间衔接不连贯者，扣分也不超过二分。

后五条要求，每条5分，不做太具体的减分规定，由批改人酌情处理。每个人都要在作文本上写出5个方面的批语，一般情况一篇作文的批语都在100字以上。我参照实行后，我认为是行之有效的，广大同仁不妨试一试。

（三）、“评”“ 改”有别，学生因材施教

1.优秀生着重“评”

贯彻因材施教原则，在作文评改上，应根据学生作文的差异，有所区别，侧重对待，即个性化批改。优秀生以“评”为主，中差生以“改”为主。这是因为优秀生作文有了一定的基础，需要锦上添花。教师应在文章的立意、结构等写作方法这些有一定难度的方面提高要求，给予指导。选评优秀生作文，把它作为“突破口”，它可以起到牵一发动全身的作用。兴趣是最好的老师，每次讲评都要增换新的学生名单，逐渐扩大优秀面。为了培养这部分学生的作文兴趣和能力，还要积极组织他们开展作文课外活动，如办作文园地，开展作文竞赛，编优秀作文选，读书评报，写观察日记，给报刊投稿等，让成就感长久坚定学生习作的信心。

2.学困生着重“改”

研究差生作文差的原因，不难发现他们主要差在知识能力上的不足。而且这种不足非一日形成，久而久之，产生了“怕作文、作文难”的心理状态。要想提高差生作文水平，克服这种心态是前提，其次是给他们具体帮助，应在最基础的选材、写具体、字词句的训练上多给予帮助，使他们走出作文困境。对待差生作文，主要是面批面改。针对主要缺点，一学期每个学生只需批改2次。最初面稍大，逐渐形成宝塔形。面批面改力求做到：一是严，逐词逐句，从不马虎；二是爱，让学生感受到老师的真诚，不歧视，有耐性，善于发现他们进步的点滴火花，给予鼓励。改后作文不免写上几句“你进步了，难能可贵”“祝贺你进步了，你是有能力写好作文的”等之类热情鼓励的话。寥寥数语，往往起到难以置信的作用；三是评，教师要使自己的评语具有感染力，公式化、千篇一律的句式是不会引起学生兴趣的，要使评语具有感染力，就须形成个性化的评语，在评语中 融入 老师饱满的激情。故而评语应少一些教化，多一些引导，形成有针对性，有亲和力的评价，既抓学生作文中的闪光点进行肯定，又抓存在问题进行引导，使每一次评语如一次亲切的交谈和情感的沟通，让学生感受到老师对他的关注，带动学生关注自己的作文；四是奖，奖项面对学生，指向习作过程，力求让学生经过一定努力都能获奖，因而奖项的设置应类型丰富。如“个性奖”颁给文风别具一格、表达独特的同学，“进步奖”颁给进步明显的同学，“创新奖”颁给构思巧妙的同学……

3.师生评促成长

作文的批改、讲评，如果光是老师的专利，这对培养学生的作文能力不利。 叶圣陶 先生说：“‘改的优先权应该属于作文者本人，所以作文教学要着重培养学生自己改的能力。”批改之后，老师们已注意让学生尝试修改自己的作文，但是力度还不够，还要进一步开放作文评改的途径，让学生真正参与评改。每一次选取一定数量的作文，进行小组评改。

评改时，以学习小组为单位，组长负责组织学生评改作文。先由小作者朗读自己的习作，其他学生听，听后再由组长组织组员对小作者的文章进行修改、评判。评价的方式可以活泼一些，比如：达到本次习作的某点要求可以摘取一颗星星；未达到要求的可以通过再次修改自己的习作以获取星星。利用激励的方式，让学生感到跳一跳就能摘到“苹果”，促使人人争当“五星级”作文的作者。还可以适当地让学生来讲评作文，方式可以是学生上讲台，推荐自己认为优秀的作文（包括推荐自己的），先朗读这篇优秀习作，再谈习作的成功之处，也可谈要改进的地方。

在讲评中，老师尽量起组织作用，少将自己的观点强加于学生，真正的让学生成为讲评的主角，以评促写，以评激发学生写作兴趣，通过讲评使学生获得作文的愉悦感。这样个性化的作文评价能集众之长、补己之短，各得其所，能发现甚至挖掘出学生作文的很多闪光点，能充分调动学生的积极性，进一步激发学生的写作兴趣，有利于培养学生的创新意识和创造性思维。然而个性化作文评价并不是一味的说好话，它还包括有针对性地指出作文中的不足，可以是立意方面的，也可以是一两个词语运用方面的等等，有针对性的个性化评价自然让学生能更清楚地了解自己，从而更快地发展自己。

其实上述作文批改方式在作文教学实践中不是孤立的，作文批改可根据批改的目的不同进行优选，灵活使用，综合运用。总之，怎样做有实效，就怎样批改。作文批改含有“批”和“改”两层意思。“改在要害处，批在筋节上”，改其当所改，批其所当批。要清楚地认识到，提高学生作文水平，关联到多方面知识和技能，决不是单纯依靠作文课，在短期内就可立即奏效的。要加大课外阅读和社会实践，培养高尚健康的情趣，学会正确分析事物的方法。只有这样，才能切实有效地提高学生作文能力。而作文批改的方式远远不止上面所列举的那些，只要广大语文老师在作文教学中不断探索创新，就会发现更多行之有效的方法。

The Spring Festival, the most important festival of our Chinese nation, heralds the coming of a New Year, and all the families are beaming with joy. On New Years eve, the sound of firecrackers rang through the sky, and people sang and danced, a scene of hot and hot air.

Although the Spring Festival is busy, do you know how Spring Festival comes? Once upon a time, there was a monster named nian, who often bullied people in the mountains in winter. Some wanted to get rid of it, and some wanted to get rid of it. One day, nian came again, and many people were attacked at home. Only a few doors hung with red curtains, and no one was hurt by the fire or knocking at the door, so people in the mountain knew about the three things. When the year came, people used these three things to drive away the monster, and they never dared to hurt people. From generation to generation, the custom of Chinese New Year is formed.

I like the Spring Festival, because some of the delicious popcorn and good drinks, and other kinds of toys.

In recent years, with the strong, our nations leaders also began at the time of the Spring Festival, speeches or articles to the festive greetings to the Chinese in their home country, the Chinese New Year is becoming more and more influential in the world.

随着时代的发展与进步，人们对于时间的观念逐渐发生变化，而时间也作为一项财富被人们最大限度的使用，碎片化的生活也应运而生。

或许你曾有过这样的体验，在车上利用手机进行阅读，或是在排队时通过网络查找信息，甚至是在街道上行走时埋头聊天……这些场景我们都很熟悉，或周边人如此，或你也如此，而这也正是碎片化的生活的表现，也是目前大多数人的生活方式。在目前看来，这样的行为再平常不过，但这在十年前甚至五、六年前都是不常见的，为什么？依我看来，一方面是人们对于时间越发重视，另一方面是互联网与科技在发展。

在工业革命之前，大多数人过着田园诗般的乡村生活，他们日出而作，日落而息，尽管劳累但每天都过得很满足，对于他们来说，生活或许就是能在闲暇时对着天空发发呆，在河边钓钓鱼，和亲朋好友聊聊天，没有人刻意去追求更高的亩产量，只要能养活自己，这样似乎就够了，因此他们不需要去想和做太多，尽情挥霍闲暇时光就好。而工业革命之后，城市也随之发展起来，更多的人开始在打工的路上“越走越远”，人们的思想观念也随时改变，他们总有干不完的活，但也有些空闲时间，对此他们以社交活动的形式度过，而其中很多也是为了工作，他们逐渐意识到时间的宝贵。到了信息时代，移动设备与互联网的发展使得我们有机会在零碎的等待时间去做些我们认为有意义的事，这似乎是的我们有了更多的时间与精力。

我们必须承认的是，碎片化的生活确实在一定程度上充实了我们的生活，但是，碎片化的生活也彻底改变了我们的生活。碎片化的时间，碎片化的学习，碎片化的社交，甚至碎片化的休息，一个一个的碎片填补了我们的残缺的同时，也将我们的人生“粉碎”了。

碎片化，倒不如说是做事只做一半，这种快餐式的文化使得我们有时候了解的信息和一些行为都变得错误。例如一些标题党，做着博取眼球的新闻，而内容却是与实际不符，但有时我们为了获取更多信息反而获知了错误信息，这样看来是很荒谬的。

碎片化，是时代进步的产物，但我们不能说是因为时代发展，从而产生了碎片化这一令人矛盾的生活方式，两者没有必然的因果关系。若要问导致碎片化的缘由是什么，我认为是人们在社会中的空虚感所导致的，为了弥补空缺，我们刻意去做些我们认为有意义的事去填补。这种空缺并非时间上利用的不足，而是心灵上的缺憾。很多时候为了生计，我们所从事的并非我们所愿意的，而工作的压力又使得我们喘不过气来，我们很无奈，但在互联网的帮助下，我们又似乎能去追求自己的梦想，但我们所拥有的只是碎片化的时间。相较于那些忙碌却也充实的农民，我们有时甚至不知道自己在做些什么，但我们拥有的碎片化的时间，对于那些不完整的人生来说，碎片或许就够了，尽管这些碎片可能不太合适，甚至扎痛我们，但这也总比一片空洞来得好。

碎片化的生活或许不是完美，但对于不完美的人生来说，碎片，或许也是一种不错的选择。

Traffic safety is everybody＇s business. Records show that every year a lot of people die in traffic accidents. Some of the accidents are due to mechanical problems. However, most of them are the results of careless and reckless driving, and could be avoided. A lot of people disregard traffic signals and rules. They drive regardless of speed limits, run through red lights, drive in the wrong direction, talk and laugh while driving, and turn as they wish without giving signals. They don＇t slow down while approaching crossroads. So many people violate traffic regulations that we cannot put too much emphasis on the importance of traffic safety. Only when everybody thinks traffic safety is everybody＇s business can we be safe driving on roads and walking on sidewalks.

交通安全人人有责。纪录显示每年有许多人死于车祸。有些车祸是由于机械问题。然而大部分车祸都是疏忽而卤莽驾驶的结果，并且可以避免的。许多人无视于交通号志和规则。他们驾驶时不管车速、闯红灯、逆向行驶、开车时交谈，并且不打灯号就任意转弯。他们接近十字路口时不减速。如此多的人违犯交通规则以致于我们再怎么样强调交通安全的重要性也不为过。唯有当每个人皆认为交通安全是众人的事时，我们在路上开车、在行人道上走路才安全。

20 July 2006

Dear Mr. Wang,

Thank you for taking the time to write your wonderful letter in support of MCEA (Maywood Chinese Education Association). Your letter clearly articulates all the major reasons children in Maywood will benefit from studying the Chinese language as part of their elementary school education. It provides invaluable support that will help making bilingual Chinese education a reality in Maywood public schools.

Although MCEA would like to see Palo Alto public schools implement the first bilingual Chinese kindergarten class in September of 2006, we have learned that the school district must take the time to understand how a new program will affect existing educational offerings, and to validate community interest. Nevertheless, MCEA, with more than 70 members, will continue to actively promote bilingual Chinese education in the Palo Alto public schools and will keep you apprised of the progress we make.

Thanks again for sending a letter in support of MCEA. We will continue to do all we can to realize this program both for families of Chinese descent and those with a general interest in participating in the growing economic power of China.

Yours sincerely,

George Chen

Useful Expressions

Thanks for. . .

It was very nice/good of you to ...

Thank you very much for. . .

I must thank you for. . .

I am extremely grateful for your help. . .

I am most grateful for. . .

Every time when I run in the playground, I always set a target for myself,

such as I need to finish 3000 meters. It is such a long distance, but if I set

the target of 500 meters and repeat the target, then I can finish my original

goal. It is the same way to realize our dreams. Though we are in middle school

now, we need to equip ourselves with knowledge. What we learn today will decide

what we will become tomorrow. The first goal for us is to enter a better high

school and then continue to fight for the college. But college is not the end to

fight, which is just the beginning. The way to realize our dreams is long.

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或正确思想。一般可分为实体事物说明和抽象事物说明两大类，词典、教材、论文、实验报告、产品说明书、广告、解说词及科学小品等都属于说明文。

按写作方法,英语说明文主要分为下面六种类型

1.例证法 2.定义法 3.分类法 4.因果关系法 5.比较对照法 6.过程分析法

1.例证法

Our life today depends very much on energy. For example, machines have made our life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods-everything. Factories use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.

这段主要是讲能源问题。第一句为主题句,概括地说出"我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖能源"。接着用举例的方法从三方面说明能源的作用。

2.定义法

An ideal teacher must have the following characteristics. He should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to learn. His personality is as important as his scholarship. An ideal teacher must be enthusiastic. He should be a bit of an actor and he shouldnt be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and dislikes. An ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his students.

本段的展开是通过对"一个模范教师"下定义的方法,关键词"ideal teacher"在文中多次重复,能加深读者的印象。

3.分类法

As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three categories. First are the conservative people. Conservatives are opposed to sudden or great changes. Second are the liberal people. These people are in favour of progress and reform. But their opinions often seem too idealistic. Third are the moderate people. The moderates keep everything within reasonable limits. They are more practical in this hard world. In my opinion, most people seem to belong to this group.

本段把人按政治观点分为三类:保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和温和派(moderate people),并对他们各自的特征进行了简要的分析。

4.因果关系法

Of the four seasons, I like spring best. I prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and gaiety. New life bursts out everywhere. Plants wear a green coat again and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and mountains. The old come outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor activities. Life becomes so energetic and happy.

第一句为本段主题句,末句是总结句。在主题句后, 作者用了四个句子阐述自己喜欢春天的理由。

5.比较对照法

I like having a twin sister. When shes happy, Im happy. When she feels unhappy, I feel the same. Often, I know what shes going to say. Sometimes, I know what shes thinking. I like what she likes. I hate what she hates. We like the same music, the same food and the same books.

这段采用AB交错的比较方式,阐述孪生姐妹的相同特征。这种写法较流畅自然,给读者的印象也更鲜明突出。

6.过程分析法

There are several steps to plant a tree. First, dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too deep. Second, put the tree in the hole so that it is straight. Third, put the earth back into the hole again. Push it down hard with your foot several times. Finally, water the tree well, as often as possible.

这段分析了植树过程中的几个步骤。全段层次分明,连接词语(first, second, third, finally)的使用加强了语句的连贯性。

Exercises

例１ 请根据Wang Hua 在学骑自行车时的几个步骤，写一篇短文，说明他是任何学会骑自行车的．

参考词汇： handle-bars 自行车把手 pedal 踏板 saddle 车座

Wang Hua is learning to ride a bicycle. Let’s watch him and see how he can get on his bicycle. He put his hands on the handle-bars. He puts his left foot on the left pedal, then he pushes himself hard forward with his right leg. Now he can move on together with the bicycle and his whole body is now on the bicycle. Then, he raises his right leg over the saddle and lower himself on the saddle. Now, he is on the bicycle and stepping the pedals hard with both legs. And the bicycle is going forward.

例2

请写一篇短文介绍如何乘坐伦敦地铁．

内容提示如下：

1. 在售票处（booth)购买辅币（token)需30便士．

2. 在入口处将辅币投入狭孔（slot)，你就可以走下地铁．

3. 在站台等车时，要站在白线以外．注意你要去的方向．不要站错站台．

4. 上下车应迅速，因为车门关闭很快．地铁内规定不准吸烟．

注意：短文的意思要连贯． 字数：100个左右．

If you want to travel by underground in London, you should first find the nearest underground entrance and buy a token for 30 pence in the booth. After you drop the token into the slot at the entrance, you can walk down the stairs. Stand back of the white line while waiting for the train on the platform. Make sure that you are on the right side of the platform for your train. When the train arrives, get on or get off quickly because the doors of the train close quickly. Smoking is not allowed in the underground.

例3

家用电脑体积下，价格低，造型优美，简单易用，使用方便，灵活；可用于计算，记事，打电话，打印信件；儿童可用它来学英语，做游戏． 你通过家用电脑能学会怎样使用微机；为将来寻找工作提供便利；电脑工作比人快数百倍；我们已经得到电脑的巨大帮助． 请根据以上内容写一篇介绍家用电脑的说明文． 字数120左右．

A Family Computer

A family computer is small. Its price is not high, and it has a good look. It can be used easily. You can calculate, make notes, call others and type letters, etc. Also, children can learn English or play games with it. Besides, you can use a family computer as a training computer. You can learn how to use an office computer, which can give you convenience to find a good job in a company. Computers can work hundreds of times faster than humans. We have been greatly helped by

computers.

例 4

请以The Importance of Trees 为题写一篇短文，说明保护森林的必要性．

1. 说明树木的主要用途：提供木材；吸水，防止水灾，旱灾；净化空气，美化生活．

2. 滥伐树木的危害；无计划砍伐造成水土流失，土壤沙化，造成水灾．

3. 每年都应植树造林，使其为人类更好服务等等．

字数：100左右．

As we all know, trees are very useful. They are of great benefit to man as follows. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can help clean air and beautify life.

Unfortunately, nowadays in many parts of the world lots of people fail to realize the importance of trees. They have cut trees down in large numbers without a plan, which makes the soil washed away. They don’t know where there are no trees, the rain washes away the surface of the soil and this causes floods.

We ought to plant trees each year and carefully look after new trees in order not to make the forest slowly disappear. Only in this way can we make the forest serve man forever.

例 5

根据下表格提供的信息，请你推荐两本学中文的词典．

Dear Steve,

I’m pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. I’d like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English- Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you how to use a word. Xinhua Dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan.

Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries.

Yours, Li Yua

I have a round face egg, a pair of flexible eyes, long black hair, small mouth, long eyelashes. Height is not high, not short, this is also of medium height.

I am an optimistic child, the bad mood, through their own adjustment, will be much better, good mood will come to me, even if the parents criticized me, I am optimistic. I will seriously think about whether I have done something wrong, because my grades have fallen, so my parents criticized me. Then I must take every exam seriously. Did something wrong, criticized by family or teacher, said I have what is not good, to correct. Im going to accept it and do better. Know yourself, comfort yourself, and be optimistic about everything.

Sometimes, I got good grades in exams, and I would happily tell them to my parents. Sometimes, grades, test error more, I will face to happy, the next test on the line a little better. Once, after the three unit, the teacher said something easier, the teacher would say, "who is wrong, stand up."." I stood up with the other students, and at that time I felt that all eyes were focused on me. Although I am optimistic, but people always have unhappy time. I stood there, with my head down, not daring to lift. I was nervous, for fear that the teacher would criticize me. Standing for a moment, the teacher told us to sit down, so I couldnt lift my spirits in the whole class. I was in a terrible mood. Good mood soon came to my side, the bell rang, the eye exercises, exercises when I thought I was wrong, I was wrong, in fact, if I had been more careful if not wrong, next time I will correct the error, to prove to the teacher. Think, think, feel a lot better, after class, and I happily play with the students up.

I like to be friends with others, and I also make friends easily. If someone or I cant be a friend because of a little trifle, and destroy the friendship of a friend, then dont be a friend. In less than a day, we were reconciled for something. To be friends is to keep each other in trust, and that friendship will last forever.

I am very optimistic, not a teacher criticized a sentence, not happy all day. Even if Im unhappy, its mostly a class. Optimistic people are always happy.

Hello, Santa Claus,

Tomorrow is Christmas Day. I hope you will come to my home and give me some

gifts. I wish I can get candies, candles, notebooks and pens.

By the way, I like the stickers you gave me last year. Can you give me more

stickers?

I’m waiting for your gifts.

Thank you

Dear customers

Hello!

Since its establishment, _ beauty salon has received your strong support

and help. On the occasion of the coming New Years day and new years day, _

beauty salon is grateful to you with cordial greetings and sincere thanks.

Time flies, and in a flash it is another year. Looking back on the progress

and success of _ beauty salon this year, we can not do without your attention,

trust, support and participation. Your understanding and trust is a powerful

driving force for our progress, and your care and support are the inexhaustible

source of our growth. Your every suggestion, let us excited, prompted us to

continue to work hard. With you, we will have a steady stream of confidence and

strength in our journey forward; with you, our cause can flourish and develop

endlessly.

In the new year, we hope to continue to get the trust, care and support of

you and all consumers. You and all consumers are welcome to make suggestions and

criticisms to us. We will serve every customer with sincerity, sincerity,

sincerity and enthusiasm. Customer satisfaction is our eternal pursuit! We will

continue to provide you with the most sincere service, and constantly strive to

achieve "no best, only better"! (original from blog 138)

Thank you again for your trust and support!

I wish you good health! Happy family! Everything goes well!

salute

Salute!

Hello everybody. My name is Tom. I come from Hebei province in China.I am very happy to come here to study with you.When I arrived at this school three days ago, I fell in love with it.It is so beautiful and exciting here, and everyone is kind to me especially Kim.This class feels just like one big family to me.I’m interested in sports, music and mountain climbing.I also enjoy playing soccer.I would love to play with you sometime.I hope I can become your friend soon.Thank you very much.

大家好。我的名字叫汤姆，我来自中国河北。我很高兴来这里和你们一起念书，当我三天前来到这个学校时，我就喜欢上它了这里是那么美丽，那么振奋人心，这里的每个人都对我很亲切，特别是Kim 老师。而这个班集体对我来说就像一个大家庭。我对运动、音乐和爬山很有兴趣。我也喜欢踢足球。我非常想和你们一起踢球。最后，我希望我能很快成为你们的朋友，谢谢。

With the development of the Internet, many people are used to shopping

online. It has become a fashion in our daily life. Some of us students also join

the group.

Shopping online has many advantages. Just by a click of the mouse, you can

buy what youre interested in without going outdoors. You can avoid getting

tired and being trapped in the crowded people and cars and save time. When

shopping online, you can choose from more varieties of goods, whose prices are

generally lower.

Every coin has two sides. Its disadvantages are obvious, too. On the one

hand, its very easy for you to buy goods different from the pictures you see on

the Internet. On the other hand, shopping online may cause people to buy goods

that are not badly needed. Thats a waste of money.

All in all, I love shopping online.

I like the winter holiday very much.Though its very short,I can enjoy the Spring Festival. I can watch cargoon every day.I neednt go go school frepuently.Sometimes I can go go play with my friend outside.With the festival coming,I can play all the time.I can play video game with my brother.I am good at playing PC game.So I often beats my brother.Then more and more relative came go my home.We had dinner gogether.

Its so lively that Iam very happy.liuxue But I still have go do my homework.During the holiday,I learned a lot.I love the winter holiday.

我们每个人都会有不同的性格，正因如此，我们每个人都会有自己的方式。

现在的旅行早已失去了它原来的那种意义，人们只是盲目地跟着旅行团，四处游走，去“热门景点”，买东西，照相，吃喝当地“特产”……根本无法体会到在“景点”之外的风景。正因如此，我偏偏不随大流。

中国的人们几乎无人不知泰山山顶那雄奇壮观的日出，那也是很壮丽的，但在我的眼里，那不过是一次再平常不过的日出，与我在家里的窗前看东岸的日出相差甚微。而反倒使我有所触动的是那个夜晚，当我站在山顶上时，仰望星空，俯视县城的感觉。天地一片漆黑，几只孤鸟像一队零落的败兵一样逃去，树的枝丫光秃秃的，在寒风中打着颤。天色孤独的暗星与山上零落的白炽灯泡遥相呼应，似乎是这夜里唯一的知己。而那月亮仿佛更加皎洁，给万物镀上了一层银白的面纱，使一切更加朦胧，不真实。这种幽静，凄冷，富有朦胧的诗意的美，怎能被那些猫在山顶宾馆中的卫生间里取暖，暗自咒骂天气的严寒的人所理解？难怪泰山的日出会出名，我有我的方式。

说起内蒙古的大草原，很多人会想到无边的绿意，然而我却在大草原内的一个不知名的小沙漠中驻足忘返。向沙漠的深处慢慢地挺近，我迅速地找到了探险者的味道：一条浅黄色的土路向深处展开，然而土路的两旁便是大片大片的戈壁滩，偶尔冒出一个小小的沙丘，路旁还有几棵干死的枯树，只是极为罕见地能看见一方小小的草地。终于，我们找到了一座较为高大的沙丘，于是就在这方圆数里无人烟的地方玩起了滑沙。这种乐趣想必也不少那些吃牛羊肉，被人牵着“坐马”和在草原上合影的人所能得到的，我有我的乐趣。

尽管现在旅行团已发展了起来，我还是坚持旅行的本质，我有我自己的旅行方式。

高山降低了它的温度才显示出其高度，大海滤去了它的残沙才突出它的深度，深林脱下了它的外衣才表现出它的密度……我们人类，只有给心灵减压，才能拓展生命的宽度！

在竞争日趋激烈的环境下，我们的压力也如同泥沙般越聚越多。尤其对我们亲少年来说，压力几乎成了快乐的绊脚石。在学习上，来自父母亲的关心，老师的提醒，同学的帮助仿佛都是一个个隐藏着定时炸弹的“礼物”，只要我们稍有差错，或者半点退步，“定时炸弹”就会被引爆；在社会上，交往、生计、事业、理想、家庭等等已成为一块巨石，重重地压在了我们心坎上。

压力无处不在，然而，我们应该怎样去面对它呢？奥运会上，众多被早已看好的种子选手，把压力背在肩上，结果却纷纷下马；高考大殿上，许多被认为有可能上名校的优秀学生，始终放不下压力这块巨石，最终被拒在名府之外；招聘工作时，面对强有力的对手，心里感到莫大的畏惧，或者不战自退，或者身体支架不住而倒下……所有被压力所击跨的人都难免失败。

为此我们最好的做法就是：给心灵减压。刘翔在110米跨栏上实现中国历史性的突破，起关键作用的不外乎给心灵减压，他在比赛前还在电视机前的观众讲：“借给我一点力量与智慧吧？”从他那坦然、轻松、镇定的神态中，我们可以看出，他此时此刻的心情早已静如止水，没有任何畏惧和担心。刘翔很好的给心灵减减压力，他把比赛看作是轻松快乐的一次训练而已。当他站在起跑线上的时候，他此时此刻只有释然，正是这种释然，让取得了成功。

毛泽东在跟兵力强大的蒋介石召开协商会议时，倘若没有那种心胸宽广，泰然若定的心情，又怎么能安然回到延安？他若没有把对敌人的畏惧的心理消除掉，又哪会有《双十协定》的签定？

任何时候，我们做任何事情又何尝不需要这种泰然若定的心情？我们只有把压力降低到最小限度，放下包袱，轻松上路，才能在我们的生命中激起更多的美丽浪花！

生命需要呵护，犹如小草需要大树的庇佑，红花需要绿叶的扶持。

呵护是情感的流露，呵护是爱的体现。它的亲切，它的温和，它的缠绵，就像夏天的清风拂过脸颊，那么的清凉、透彻，让你感觉到它的永远存在。

雨水滋润花朵是一种呵护，它呵护着绽开的美丽；大鸟不知疲倦地往返哺育小鸟是一种呵护，它呵护着新生命的成长；《斑羚飞渡》中老斑羚的牺牲是一种呵护，它们呵护着生命种群的延续。

正是因为这世上有太多的呵护，就有了太多的美丽。一朵美丽的花朵，没有蜜蜂的呵护，最终会枯萎得不留下任何记忆。可是如果它拥有呵护，它便会成为果实，成为种子，给人们留下永久的回忆和新的期待。

我们在这样的呵护中感受着爱的温暖，可是，我们有时也似乎看到太多的残忍。

小狐狸稍稍长大，老狐狸便会拼命把它们赶出家门；北极鸥把蹒跚走路的小鸟驱下悬崖，让它们一头扎进浩瀚的海洋：残忍只是表象，而呵护与爱却深藏在里面。

呵护有温柔，有残忍，但它们也是爱。不论温柔，还是残忍，都是希望你在人生道路上走好。动物尚且如此，何况于人乎？

这使我想到父母。***呵护温柔而体贴，她总是在你不经意的时候，为你默默准备好一切。她会在变天的时候，在你的书包里悄悄地放一把雨伞；在你不小心划破手指时，她会小心翼翼地为你包扎；在你很晚回家时，她会一直守候在家门口，等待着。这就是母爱，母爱是一种呵护。

然而，父亲总在你骑自行车摔倒时说，你真没用，然后头也不回地朝前走；他总是在你取得好成绩并希望他表扬你时说，别得意，然后一直皱着眉头。这就是另一种呵护，有点冷酷，却能让你懂得更多。

有爱，才有呵护。呵护是爱的体现，也是爱的传递。

I have a lovely dog. Its name is YoYo. I like it very much. It has two big ears， two big and bright eyes. Its hair is brown. It has come to my home for a year. It has become a part of my family. It has its own house， but it likes to sleep under my bed， play in my house. I like talking to it， because its a friend worth of trusting. I would like to share my happy things with it. When I am sad， talking to it makes me feel good. I am happy to have such a lovely friend.

我有一只可爱的小狗，它的名字叫悠悠，我很喜欢它.它有两只大耳朵，两只明亮的大眼睛.它的毛是棕色的.它来我家已经有一年了.它成为了我家的一部分.它有自己的房子，但是它喜欢睡在我的床底下，在我的房间玩.我很喜欢和它聊天，因为我觉得它是一个值得信赖的朋友.我喜欢和它分享开心的事.当我难过的时候，和它聊天使我感觉舒服.我很高兴有这样一个可爱的朋友.

在万千人海中，每个人都有属于自己的方式，走上属于自己的道路。也正因为如此，世间方得以变化万千，丰富多彩。

在母亲眼中，她希望我成为一个活泼开朗的领导者。积极进取，聪慧敏捷，在学校的活动中，我一定要是最耀眼的一个。

在父亲眼中，他期望我成为一个温和儒雅的学者。有着广博的知识和丰富的阅历，热爱阅读，精通古今典籍，文不点墨，出口成章，还要谦虚低调，优雅温厚，正如胡适或是傅雷。

在奶奶眼中，她希望我成为一个大家闺秀，多彩多艺，谦和有礼，大方稳重。可是我却并未如他们所愿。

我没能成为一个出色的领导者，将大家明确分工，各司其职，可我懂得身先士卒。因此当我带领一些同学布置板报的时候，我只会说一声让大家自己选择擅长的工作，然后便找个角落坐下，拿起画纸埋头苦干。大家便也渐渐停止了争吵，有的设计样式，有的裁剪图案，偶尔几声压低声音的细微交流，确定之后便又重回自己的岗位。暮色将至，看着夕阳余晖照在我们完工的板报上，我想，这是我的方式。

我也没能走上一条渊博学者的道路，我从小便对四书五经，诗词歌赋没有太大的兴趣。反而我爱上了绘画。我会钻进图书馆为一本美学著作而苦寻良久。会在博物馆名画前驻足深思，会追随名家的步伐，体会他们眼中，自然所绘下的壮丽风景，我想，这就是我的方式。

我同样没能成为一个大家闺秀，我的各种才艺都糟糕至极，但我懂得了体谅父母，关爱老人，在别人为母亲做一顿饭菜时，我会在电脑上教母亲如何下载她喜欢的歌曲；在别人与奶奶通电话时我会为她寄去保健品和适合老年人的衣服，写上贺卡和祝福；我和老爸一起上网，为他选购市面上极其罕见的专业类书籍，看书籍到货时，他细细翻阅中的专注与欣喜……

我是幸运的，虽然和父母长辈们的期望有些偏差，但他们都理解并接受了我的方式。但是生活中，常常有一些父母将自己的孩子牢牢框住，带他们去上各种不愿意去的课外班，希望他们能如愿以偿的成为自己期望中的样子。但是我却认为，我们大可在期望的基础上，顺其自然地任其发展，在自己所热爱的领域钻研探索，闯出属于自己的一片海阔天空。

这，就是我的理解，我的方式。