你最喜欢的季节英语作文初中【汇集20篇】

假如说春天就是暖的，秋天就是艳的，冬天就是纯的，那夏天就就是美的；假如说春天就是万物复苏的，秋天就是硕果累累的，冬天就是白雪皑皑的，那夏天就就是万紫千红的。在四季中，我最喜欢的就就是夏天，因为，它就是美的！

在夏天里，最火辣的就就是太阳了，金色的阳光密密地斜织着，似乎给大地裹上了一层金色纱衣。通过树叶看太阳，似乎摄影机——眼睛，也失去了焦点。那蝉似乎怕太阳似的，找了个阴凉儿地，嗡嗡地奏起了夏天之乐。树阴下的人们，挥挥扇子，似乎想与太阳的威力抗衡，谁料，这么一大群人，竟也纷纷败下阵来。

太阳的颜色再美，也有厌烦的时侯，而雨姑娘却总就是合时宜的出来闲逛，顺便浇浇人们心上的小火。可在这细雨飘荡的日子里，人们也不愿闲着，在大街上漫步，那就是常有的事，人们仿佛都想边呼吸着清新的空气，边欣赏刚刚被雨涂抹上神秘色彩的油画。

风儿知道雨姑娘怕孤单，便跟在雨姑娘身后陪着来了。听，沙沙沙，沙沙沙，可别慌，那不就是什么妖魔鬼怪，那就是风在与雨嬉戏呢！那风若就是没刹住车，直钻你的怀抱，你可千万别恼，它只不过跟你开了个玩笑！

看着那摇曳的花，你就知道，风往那边逃去了。顾不上风，你就被花儿给迷住了，那万紫千红的花儿上一秒还含苞欲放，这一秒却已争芳斗艳，深陷其中，竟无法自拔。

不知不觉，时间爷爷来了，秋也催促着让夏离开了四季舞台。可那枯萎的花，落叶的树，枝枝叉叉，点点滴滴中都透着一种美，美得窒息，仿佛在我们眼前呈现的夏天不过就是一场幻梦罢了。

而我，却在这场幻梦中不愿醒来，想独自一人去品味那我最喜欢的夏天！

Transportation has been greatly changed in the past few years. In ancient

days, people used to travel by horse or carriage. The journey was often tiring

and tedious. Then people had buses, trains and ships, which could shorten the

time of the long-distance trip. Now we have not only more private cars, but also

planes and high-speed rails. All of these modern transports could offer us a

quick and pleasant travel. Thus, more and more people enjoy traveling very much

these days. In conclusion, modern transportation has completely changed our

life. Thanks to modern transportation, our world is becoming smaller and

smaller.

August

秋

There is no month in the whole year,in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August.

一年之中，没有任何一个月份的自然风光比得过八月的风采。

Spring has many beauties,and May is a fresh and blooming month, but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season.

春天美不胜收，而五月也是一个明媚清新、繁花似锦的月份，但这些时节的魅力是由于与冬天的 对比而增强的。

August has no such advantage.

八月没有这样的优势。

It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies,green fields, and sweet-smelling flowers，when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds,has faded from our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth-and yet what a pleasant time it is!

它来的时候，我们只记得明朗的天空、碧绿的田野，还有芳香四溢的花朵，记忆中的冰雪、刺骨的寒风都已完全从我们的脑 海中消逝，就仿佛它们在地球上了无踪迹—然而八月是多么令人惬意的季节啊!

Orchards and cornfields ring with the hum of labours;trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves,or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it,as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue.

果园和麦田到处都充溢着忙碌劳作的声响;串串果实压得果树都弯下了腰，枝条低垂到地面;还有谷穗，有的一捆捆优雅地堆挤在一起，有的迎风招展，仿佛在向镰刀求爱，它们给周围的景致染上了一层金黄的色调;

A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon,whose slow motion across the well-reaped field,is perceptible only to the eye,but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear.

整个大地似乎笼罩在醇香柔和 的气氛中;这秋季的气氛似乎也影响了那些马车，只有眼睛可以察觉到它们穿过收割过的田野缓慢移动，但耳旁却寂静无声。

春天，是我最喜爱的季节，每当我想到春天，就会想起一首诗：《春晓》。

春天，是一个快乐的季节，小朋友们跑到田野里捉青蛙。田野里，勤劳的农民伯伯忙着种菜呢。

春天，是一个百花盛开的季节，春姑娘很会变魔术，一挥就把花坛里的花染上了五颜六色的颜色，还画上了各种各样的花纹，多美啊！

春天，是一个树林茂盛的季节，你看，春姑娘画画很好，把那雪白的草地染上了一层层绿色，还调出了很多种绿色，有浅绿、深绿、翠绿……春姑娘一点也不着急，先染上一层浅绿，过几天把那深绿的颜色染上，再过几天……

春天，我听到了小溪叮咚叮咚的响声，我看见了百花齐放、树林茂盛，更看见了小朋友在捉小青蛙。

春天，我们听到了她，我们闻到了她，我们触到了她，我们……

我爱春天，爱春姑娘，爱那百花齐放的画面。

我喜欢夏天的雨，它不像春雨反复无常、时断时续，不像秋雨缠缠绵绵、无休无止，更不像冬雨夹风裹雪，寒气袭人，而夏雨却是那么豪爽、大方，来时尽情地倾洒，去时却戛然而止。我喜欢夏雨的性格，喜欢这样性格的人。

每当炎热的夏天，没有一丝风，人好像在蒸笼里一样，闷热得透不过气来。这时候，望着乌云慢慢地覆盖天空，我就期盼着雨的降临。开始，稀疏的雨点击打窗户，它正在向我走来，我像吃冷饮获得的一份清凉。天空的闪电划破了乌云，在隆隆的雷声中，雨越下越大，我禁不住欢呼起来。

我仿佛走进一个清凉的世界，悠闲地坐在庞大的音乐厅里，聚精会神地聆听摇滚乐演奏会。雷声就像是鼓点，风好像也在演奏，雨是击打乐器发出的有节奏的和声。那高大的松树摇来晃去，真像一位忘情的歌手在演唱歌曲。我听得如醉如痴，直至雷声、风声、雨声离我而去，天空出现一道彩虹。

我喜欢夏天的雨，在你最需要的时候，它会突然而至，像精灵一样围着你，替你赶走炎热，为你送来清凉。它会给你献上最美的乐曲，为你解除烦闷，给你增添欢欣。我喜欢它这样的无私，也要做一个这样无私的人。

[我喜欢夏天的雨初中300字作文

如果你问我最喜欢什么？我会毫不犹豫地告诉你:我最喜欢书。

每当我读到一本好书时，就像驾着一叶轻舟在海上扬帆，乘风破浪。书上的一句句好句子像阳光一样洒满我的心灵。我的视野变得空前开阔……我不知道如果没有书，我的生活将会变得如何单调。

我总是如饥似渴的读书，爸妈也会及时地买我喜欢的书。小时候，我热衷于听妈妈读书，每次睡觉前都要听，甚至养成了习惯，不听故事还睡不着觉。我渐渐长大了，认识的汉字也有一千多个了，便试着自己读书。一开始只是读《格林童话》一类的书，这类书便开始成为我幻想的根本。从三年级开始，我便倾向于作文大全一类的书，作文书中小作者那优美的语句更吸引着我。

现在，我更热衷于读那一本本厚厚的名著。《白鲸》中亚哈船长与海上恶魔……白鲸殊死搏斗的故事，扣人心弦；法国著名作家凡尔纳《海底两万里》的引人入胜，令我惊讶；高尔基《童年》中的一个个故事，令我深思；《中华上下五千年》中讲述的中国历史，使我深深地佩服中国古代人民的智慧……

这些名著就像有莫大的魅力，使我一捧起来就再也舍不得放下。看书的时候，我总是会把自己想象成书中的主人公，和他一起欢笑、哭泣。风靡全球的《哈利·波特》也让我乐此不疲。记得妈妈一次给我买了四本《哈利·波特》让我暑假里完成作业后再看。我便开始了在《哈利·波特》的魔法世界中遨游，居然不觉得饿，直到妈妈晚上下班回来才发现我没有吃午饭。就这样仅用了五天把四本《哈利·波特》全部看完。看一遍还觉得不够，便又看了一遍。

书是我的良师益友。我的喜怒哀乐与它紧紧地连在一起，它一直伴随着我成长。书给我带来的益处是多方面的。它既提高了我的写作水平，又陶冶了我的情操，使我懂得了生活中的美。

All

plants and animals need water.We also need water.Water is neened on farms,in

schools and factories.Water is very important for living things.None and nothing

can live without water.Everbody Knows this,but not all of us save the water.For

example,someone doesnt turn off the tap after washing.Although they know water

is very important,but they dont know the more water we use,the less water

is.

Lets

save the water together from now on.

There is a big table in it. The table is pink and brown. There is a yellow story book on the table. Look! There is a green trash bin under the table. Where is the teddy bear? Oh! It’s on the bed. The teddy bear is cute. My bed is so big. It’s pink and blue. There is a picture on the wall. There is a mat on the floor. In front of the mat, there is a closet. The closet is beautiful. Over the closet, there is an air- conditioner.

I like my room. It’s the most beautiful room.

I am a chinese girl and i study in wuyilu primary school. i get up very  early in the morning and then help my mother cook breakfast. after breakfast, i  walk to school, because its not far from my house.

I have many friends at school. we often help each other with our lessons.my  mother is forty-six years old, and she works in meet all supermarket. its near  my school. the supermarket is very big, and it sells all kinds of things. the  students in my school often buy school things there.

my father is two years younger than my mother. he is in the same  supermarket, but he doesnt sell things. hes a driver.

my family is a happy one.

[初中英语作文之我的家人

There are many popular stars who get great achievements, such as Jackie Chen, Jay Chou, Zhang Ziyi and so on. However, the star who I like most is Fan Bingbing. I know her because of a famous TV series. At that time, she was not famous, but now, as we all know she has been one of the most popular actress who gets an international reputation. I like her not only because she is beautiful but also her good performance and her hard-working.

有人喜欢生机勃勃的春天，有人喜欢苍翠欲滴的夏天，有人，喜欢那白雪皑皑的冬天，而我，却喜欢硕果累累的秋天。

春天，万物复苏，细柳折腰，这个季节是一年中大好之季，万事欣欣向荣，生机勃勃。但其中却有一丝缠绵之意，昏昏然然。

夏天，烈日当空之季，炎炎烈日，挥汗如雨。池中蛙声不绝，林中蝉鸣不休，令人难以安心。

冬天，一年最末之季。白雪皑皑，寒气逼人，草木枯萎。冰寒刺骨，雪冷杀人。可实有一种空虚。

以上三季，依我看来，都不是最美之季。唯独秋天最美。

秋天，五谷丰收之季。金穗飘香，麦浪层层。朝阳升起来，把天空照的异常明亮。由于秋天野花装点得色彩斑斓的山坡，在阳光下，更加绚丽。风吹动着枫叶的树冠，沙沙作响一并枫叶脱开了枝头，随风悠悠荡荡的飘落。它在生命的最后旅程中，给这个世界留下了多么美好的印象！

秋天，你是我最喜爱的季节。

I am a girl of ten, and I live in a small mountain village far from

Taiyuan. The only person that lives with me is my mother, because my father is

away for eight years, working in a city.

During the Spring Festival, my father came back home. He looked thin and

tired. He gave my mother two thousand yuan, and told her that he would work even

harder, earn more money, and then he could take us to the city He stayed at home

for only ten days.We are living a poor life now. But what I want most is not

money, but my father. I miss him very much!

每个人都有喜欢的季节，我也有喜欢的季节，但是我现在还不能说，不过，你们可以从我对他们的描写和评价中找到。

春妹妹来了，春妹妹可以让小草们“重新启动”，但是，春妹妹一会儿生气，让温度上升了;一会儿又哭，下起倾盆大雨;一会儿又给我们讲冷笑话，让温度下降了。所以春天有很多人生病。所以我讨厌。

春妹妹走了，夏哥哥来了，夏哥哥虽然给小树们加上了一件绿色的衬衫，但是，它却带来了一群“蚊子兵”;还有把天气热得可以煮荷包蛋了。所以我讨厌。

夏哥哥下岗了，著名的秋厨师来做饭了，秋厨师把青苹果炒的红红的，香喷喷的，它榨出来的苹果汁散出来的味道，使人盛清气爽。虽然秋天很好，但是我可不喜欢它。

秋厨师的菜过期了，“冬季存水库”来了，在东北处，水库存的大炮射出了一支箭，把水拉走了，只剩下冰了，存水库派了一些人坐上飞机在空中撒了盐，让小朋友玩得愉快。

现在，我告诉大家吧!我喜欢冬季，同学们，你们喜欢什么季节呢?

The 15-Day Celebration of Chinese New YearThe first day of the Lunar New Year is "the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth."Many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.

On the second day, the Chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. They are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.The third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.The fifth day is called Po Woo. On that day people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. No one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.On the sixth to the 10th day, the Chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. They also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.The seventh day of the New Year is the day for farmers to display their produce. These farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion.

The seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. Noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.On the eighth day the Fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to Tian Gong, the God of Heaven.The ninth day is to make offerings to the Jade Emperor.The 10th through the 12th are days that friends and relatives should be invited for dinner.

After so much rich food, on the 13th day you should have simple rice congee and mustard greens (choi sum) to cleanse the system.The 14th day should be for preparations to celebrate the Lantern Festival which is to be held on the 15th night.

“璐瑶，不早了，快起床了!” "Lu Yao, its not too early, get up soon!"

还在地球另一边“神游”的我，硬生生被妈妈的叫声给扯回了地球这一边。揉揉惺忪的眼睛，抓起闹钟一看：“妈，才六点半，你就让我再睡会儿吧!”

“不行，今天咱们还有重要任务呢!”妈妈的话里透着不容商量的味道。

我从床上坐起身，边穿衣服边问：“妈，今天是劳动节，一年才一回，全国人民都在休息，您又有什么重要任务呀?”

“正因为今天是劳动节，所以咱们才要去劳动呀，这样的劳动节过得才有意义，你说是不?”妈妈边说边爱抚地摸摸我的头。

唉，我这个妈妈呀，别的都好，就是爱多管闲事，这回肯定又要去多管闲事了。不过，埋怨归埋怨，我还是很快地起床刷牙吃早饭。

我们来到楼下，阳光暖暖地照在我身上，照在草地上，碧绿的草坪中间，似乎有无数颗晶莹的珍珠在闪闪发光。妈妈递给我一副手套，一个大塑料袋，说：“璐瑶，你看，这草坪里又有很多垃圾了，今天妈妈和你一起把这些垃圾捡干净，如何?”一听要捡垃圾，我强烈抗议：“妈，你忘了?上次你来这捡垃圾，百分之百的回头率，几乎每个人都把你当成傻瓜了!”妈妈似乎没听见我说的话，顾自俯下身子捡起垃圾来。

反抗无效，我也只好无奈地跟着捡了起来。一边捡一边祈祷：“上帝保佑，千万别让人给看见了!”怕什么偏偏什么就来，才捡了不到五分钟，一楼的金奶奶买菜回来了，看见我，就热情地向我们打招呼：“哟，瑶瑶，一大早和妈妈在忙什么呢?”“我……我们……在捡垃圾!”我羞得话都说不清了。“捡垃圾啊，好孩子，你可真是好孩子!”金奶奶向我竖起大拇指。没搞错吧，她居然没把我们当成捡垃圾的外地人，而是夸了我!

得到了金奶奶的肯定，我似乎增加了些许勇气。是呀，我来这捡垃圾是为了我们小区的环境更美，又不是做坏事，我干嘛要觉得丢脸?这样想着，手里的动作不由得加快了。草坪里的垃圾真是不少，牛奶盒，塑料袋，酒瓶子，一次性纸杯……真是五花八门，样样都有。

“姐姐!姐姐!我们也来了!”我回头一看，原来是二楼的双胞胎姐妹，她们一人一个袋子，看样子也来加入我们的队伍了。“欢迎你们的加入!”妈妈笑着对她们说。于是，我们四个人有说有笑地干起来。

每个走过的人都投来好奇的目光，我再也不用羞红了脸想找条地缝钻进去，而是自豪地拎起手中的袋子向他们示意，展示我们的战利品。

终于捡完了我们楼前草坪里的垃圾，我吁了一口气，直起身子，竟然发现对面草坪里也有两个人拿着袋子在捡垃圾!正奇怪时，又看见两位阿姨匆匆走进另一块草坪，其中一位阿姨说：“唉，羞死人了，这块草坪里的垃圾有不少是我丢的呢，以后可再也不敢丢了!”

我抬起头，向草坪望去，调皮的小露珠们已经跑得不见踪影了，草坪里杜鹃花绽开了她美丽的笑脸，向这个洁净的世界微笑，也向我微笑……

我最喜欢的季节是大雪纷纷，白雪皑皑的冬天！

我们都知道，春天是个万物复苏’春意盎然的季节，暖洋洋的春风从我们身上飘拂过，但是我认为春天太懒散了；夏天，是一个骄阳似火，晴空万里的季节，夏夜的星空更是美得没话可说，但是我却认为夏天是个枯燥无味的季节；秋天是个收获的季节，大雁南飞，凉风呼啸，大地把果实奉献给人间，但是我却认为秋天太慵懒了；而冬天，是我的最爱！

冬天，大雪纷飞，每一片雪花都像一个个在飞舞的小精灵，漫天飞舞；冬天的寒冷激发着人类的意志力，让我们的心情活跃起来！

我喜欢冬天！

我的初中生活

呀！转眼间，我已经当了半学期的中学生了。在中学的这几十个日子里，我已经体验到了初中生活的丰富多彩。

酸

今天是上初中以来的第一次竞选。昨天，我就已经准备好了竞选稿，打算在今天来个“一鸣惊人”。可是，在竞选前的几分钟，我变得十分紧张，心里不停地祈祷：老天保佑，我一定要竞选上啊！

糟了！轮到我了，怎么办呀？我迫使自己镇静下来，开始了竞选演讲。但在演讲时，我的腿一直在微微颤抖，全身发冷，唉！还在紧张。

终于，我演讲完毕下台了。我一边听着别人的演讲，一边分析我和别人的差距。我有一种不祥的感觉：我会落选——虽然我不相信。

老师宣布结果了，不出所料，我果然了。看着其它同学一脸的喜悦，我心里酸溜溜的??

甜

下节课就考英语了，我一遍又一遍地翻着英语书，嘴里不停地背着英语单词，渴望考出个好成绩。同桌笑我走火入魔了，我却不为所动：多被一遍保险嘛！

考卷发下来了，我飞快地看了一遍，居然全是我复习过的！于是我奋笔疾书，几乎没有怎么迟疑，只花了二十分钟便做完了。又仔仔细细检查起来。中午，我跑到办公楼去看分数，寻找了半天。终于在一堆卷子中发现被老师打了一个鲜红的“100”的我的卷子。寻找卷子的人群中发出一阵阵惊叹。望着同学们惊讶的脸，我的心里甜滋滋的??

中学里的酸、甜、苦、辣，我还只“品尝”了一小点，前面的路还很漫长。无论遇到了什么，我们都该保留理智、清醒的头脑，不要被胜利冲昏了头脑，变得自高自大，也不要被失败伤透了心，垂头丧气。这样，我们才能顺利度过我们的初中生活。

愿我们美好的初中生活不会因你我的某件小事而蒙上一层阴影！

Autumn came, the autumn girl jumped and jumped, happy to throw a long hair to come! Her hair thrown where, where is a harvest scene.

Autumn rain come! Datong farmer uncle laughed Yan, their hard to grow vegetables, fruit will be harvested! Rain passionate poured farmers uncles vegetables, fruit, sweet rain to moisten them, the fields The vegetables were greener; the fruits of the trees were more fragrant; the peasants were more happy.

The young men and girls in the big cities are standing in the rain to enjoy the rain drift. Like soybeans, playing on people who are itchy, cool; like nectar, fall in peoples mouth sweet, slippery. Some people let go voice shouting: ah! Really cool! Finally survive the hot summer! Is not it!

The children are happier, they are holding a colorful umbrella, like a cluster of colorful mushrooms in the woods. Standing in the distance, that "mushroom" like a long rainbow. And that naughty children wearing rain boots hard to step on the water, from time to time splashing from the high water. And some children take advantage of others walking in the tree, the hard to shake the tree, so that the rain on the tree like a broad bean hit the passers-by. They can be really naughty it!

They are moisturizing the flowers and trees that will wither, and pull them back from the edge of death, and their leaves are slowly stretched to make them fresh. Back to the green they exposed a smile, nodded in the rain, as if to say, thank you! Thank you!

Watching them happy look, I am also happy from ear to ear!

张洋

我最喜欢的季节是春天。因为春天很美，美在哪里？

春天天气晴朗，阳光明媚。地上还长着花、草、树木。有红色、蓝色、黄色、绿色、粉色的花。小草绿油油的，树木有高的、有低的、有直的、还有细的。

果园里有苹果树、香蕉树、桃树、梨树，开满了各种各样的花。穿过果园有一条很细很长的小河，里面有五颜六色，五彩缤纷的小鱼。一条，两条，三条……很多的小鱼。穿过小河有一片花园，在花园外面是果树，里面是花朵，花朵上面有许多蜜蜂和蝴蝶在采集花粉。我还发现了大雁都从南方飞回来了。

啊！春天真是太美了！

I Like Basketball

My favorite Sports is basketball. It looks so cool in TV that I was crazy about those basketball stars ever since I was little.

Basketball requires speed, height and skills. I run, jump, switch, and try to hit! All parts of my body are exercised in this sport. I feel that I’m like wind flying in the playground for my goal, which makes me feel so GREat!

Basketball needs quick reaction and decision. When chance comes, it may disappear in the next second. I should keep an eye watching as an eagle, decide and judge quickly as a leopard, and run for it as a wolf.

Further more, basketball is a sports more than just exercising, It needs team work. No one can play himself. A team should work together. So I learn to cooperate with others in this game. I should understand what my teammate doing and what he needs me to do for him. On the other side, I should learn to show my teammate what I need. At the same time, I need to keep an eye on the whole game, knowing how is the situation of our team and how is the other team. It involved more cooperation and strategy.

I played basketball more for about 5 years now. I make many good friends throught this sports. It is proud to win honor for my team and my school. Also I enjoy all games with my friends. Basketball will be my best friends in the future and my best memory about school life.

[我喜欢篮球初中英语优秀作文

冬去春来，迷人的春天令我陶醉，在这曼妙的春天，一切都欣欣然。

天气逐渐暖和起来，春姑娘带着和煦的微风吹醒了大地万物。你看，柳树姐姐舒展开嫩黄色的枝叶，扭动着窈窕的身姿翩翩起舞。远远望去，“万条垂下绿丝绦”，如柳树姐姐的细辫子，轻撩水面，层层圆晕慢慢荡开。

在这个季节里，百花盛开。红的、白的、粉的……各种各样的花儿竞相开放，都像参见选美似的，来尽情地炫耀婀娜的身姿。香味更是扑鼻，令人心旷神怡。

春天不可缺少的是小草。“离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。”这就是草儿的顽强。它像一层绿地毯，铺满整个山坡，染绿了整个大地。

春天来了，燕子从南方飞回来了。“唧”的一声已由这边的稻田，飞到那边的柳树下了。看，它又停在了电线上了。远远望去，电线成了“五线谱”，停着的燕子成了“音符”。似乎在歌唱着“春天来了！春天来了！……”为这百花盛开的季节增添了几许生趣。

春天是个百花齐放、生气勃勃的季节。古往今来，又有多少诗人写了不计其数的诗来描绘春天呢？我也禁不住作诗一首，以表喜爱：

风拂春曼妙，

百花相争俏。

草儿探头笑，

燕子也来闹。