小学生三分钟英语演讲稿带翻译（经典20篇）

Today is Friday. It’s sunny. My aunt comes to my home with her dog, Nannan. Nannan is very active. She is from Boston. She is fat. Her fur is so soft. She has two big eyes, a black nose and a big mouth. Her teeth are very sharp. Her tongue is purple. Her paws are very sharp, too. She’s very pretty and easy-going.

I like Nannan, I do hope mum buys me that dog.

Many years ago, when scientists tried to make a robot to do some human

work, they could never thought about how far the robot could go. Today, some

scientists even predict that the wisdom of robot will surpass human being and

take place of us. In the science fiction movies, the directors have explored the

consciousness of intelligent machines, who showed how these machines controlled

people at last. The directors warned people that they may lose the dominant

position in the future. Recently, a robot was given the citizenship and it

became the first robot to be treated as human being. The public was shocked, but

when they saw the robot could communicate with human beings and question about

matters, they felt scared. Maybe in the future, the robot will replace us in

many aspects.

I am xxx and I am 12 years old. My favorite sports include basketball， swim and football. One of my favorite stars is Liu Xiang because he is the fastest runner in the world and a pride of our country.

I have love fruits like watermelon， grapes， banana， and so forth. When I have time， I like watching TV， playing games on my computer， surfing the web， and reading. I have a lot of friends and we often play football together.

[小学自我介绍英语作文

Fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also called DuanYangJie, afternoon day festival, may festival, ai festival, terminal five, ChongWu, midday, summer day. Although the name is different, but all around the custom of the peoples holiday is the same. The Dragon Boat Festival is Chinas two thousand years old customs, on this day, every family hanging mo_a calamus, dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, drink realgar wine, swim all ills, sweet bursa.

Today is the Dragon Boat Festival, you know the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival? ! I dont know! Let me tell you! Do you remember the patriotic general chu qu yuan? I to say him!

Qu yuan is the warring states period abroad, very learned. He beside the king a few to image is his country rich and strong. Treacherous court official, listen to the words, bad king king chu qu yuan _iaoZhi e_ile. In e_ile, qu yuan heard that chu capital held by the enemy, and the people suffer, very indignation. Falls on this day, he came to the miluo river edge, with a stone, in order to jump jumped into the miluo river. Abroad people hear that cast jiang qu yuan was very sad. They rowed steadily to salvage qu yuan, with tears in their eyes, also threw rice dumplings into the river feed the fish, hope that the fish dont harm the body of qu yuan. This is may duanyang the origin of zongzi.

The Dragon Boat Festival has a lot of interesting activities. Columns such as dragon boat racing, hanging sachet, sachet, cinnabar, realgar, _iang, outsourcing to wire cloth, fragrance 4 e_cessive, again the five-color silk string into a rope buckle, for all kinds of different shape, form a series, variety, and e_quisite. Have the habit of hanging mo_a leaf, calamus.

There were so many activity in the Dragon Boat Festival!

农历五月初五为端午节，又称端阳节、午日节、五月节、艾节、端五、重午、午日、夏节。虽然名称不同，但各地人民过节的习俗是相同的。端午节是我国二千多年的旧习俗，每到这一天，家家户户挂艾叶菖蒲，赛龙舟，吃粽子，饮雄黄酒，游百病，佩香囊。

今天是端午节，大家知道端午节的来历吗?!不知道吧!那就让我来告诉你们吧!你们还记得楚国那位爱国大将屈原吗?我来说一说他吧!

屈原是战国时期出国人，很有学问。他在楚王身边做官，以形象是自己的国家富强起来。昏君楚王却听信奸臣的话，把屈原削职流放。在流放中，屈原听说楚国的都城被敌人占领，百姓遭难，悲愤极了。五月初五这一天，他来到汨罗江边，怀抱一块石头，以纵身跳入汨罗江中。出国的百姓听到屈原投江的消息，都十分悲痛。他们含着泪划着船赶来打捞屈原，还把粽子扔到江里喂鱼，希望鱼儿不要伤害屈原的身体。这就是五月端阳包粽子的来历。

端午节还有许多有趣的活动。列如赛龙舟，挂香囊，香囊内有朱砂、雄黄、香药，外包以丝布，清香四溢，再以五色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑夺目。还有挂艾叶、菖蒲的习惯。

端午节的活动可真多啊!

There are so many people around me,among them,I like my father the most.My father is a hero in my heart,when I have questions,he can answer me and tell

me something about them.My father also takes me to many places,like Shanghai,Beijingand so on.I am so happy when I am with my father,he is the best

My mother always complains about my bad behavior, like I don’t eat up the food and sometimes I don’t have responsibility on what I do. I decide to behave myself, I want to help my mother to relieve her pressure. So I want to be a good child, I will eat up the food, no more pick up them and I also will keep on finishing the job I do.

我的妈妈总是抱怨我的坏习惯，比如我不吃完食物和有时候我对自己做的事情没有责任感。我决定自我自律，我想要帮助妈妈减轻她的压力。所以我想要成为一个好孩子，我会把饭吃饭，不再挑食，我也会坚持做完自己的工作。

[小学四年级英语带翻译作文

在学校我有一个朋友。她是个女孩，她叫王旭，她1 3岁。我也13岁。我们在同一个班。她英语比我学得好，因此她经常帮我学英语。我也帮助她学习。

我们是好朋友。

I have a friend at school. She is a girl. Her name is Wang Xu. She is thirteen. Im thirteen, too. We are in the same class.She studies English better than I,so she often helps me with my English . I help her with study,too.

We are good friends.

我有一个非常好的朋友。她叫胡丽丽。她今年14岁。她有一双漂亮的大眼睛，短头发。她又高又壮，但不胖。她对人非常友善。

她喜欢做运动，比如打网球、羽毛球和踢足球。她有许多爱好，她喜欢听音乐、读书、画画、唱歌和跳舞。有时我们在校内说英语；有时我们在校外玩羽毛球。我们经常在星期六或星期日去游泳或去钓鱼。我们上学时，她非常刻苦地学习功课。

在下午，我和我的朋友胡丽丽在操场上玩游戏。我们总是玩得十分开心！

她永远是我的好朋友！

I have a very good friend. Her name is Hu Lili. Shes fourteen years old. She has big beautiful eyes,and short hair. She is tall and strong, but not fat. Shes very kind to people.

She likes doing sports,such as tennis, badminton and soccer. She has many hobbies:listening,reading,drawing,singing and dancing. Sometimes we speak English in our school. Sometimes we play badminton out of the school. We often go swimming or go fishing on Saturdays or on Sundays. When we are at school, she studies very hard at our lessons.

In the afternoon I play games on the playground with my friend Hu Lili. We always have a good time!

She is my best friend forever!

[我的朋友英语作文和翻译

hello, i’m han yueyuan . i’m a girl. i’m 11 years old. i’m form hangzhou. i have long hair , small eyes, small mouth.

i like english very much. i’m very happy every day. my favourite food is cake ,because it’s sweet. my favourite fruit are apples. they are tasty and healthy. an apple a day keeps doctor way. my favourite day is fridays, because we have english on the fridays.

on the saturdays and sundays i often do housework，i’m helpful. i can wash the clothes, water the flowers, make the bed. i can’t do the dishes, but i’d like to try. do you like me?

寒假即将到来，请根据下面提示，写一篇70~90字的寒假计划。

提示：rest, Spring Festival,visit,help parents,play with friends, do homework,mend up English,prepare for new term. Plan for the winter Holiday

winter vacation plan

How time flies（时间过得真快）,unconsciously(不知不觉地） the next winter vacation （寒假）will soon come.In order to improve（提高） myself as well as enjoy a happy holiday,I made the winter vacation plan.

Firstly i want to continue with my study,i think study is a life process,so no matter what the situation I am in,i will look for chances to continue it.I have bought several new books ,including those books on my major(专业）and some novels ,I will try to finish reading them in the holiday and write notes.

Secondly,since it is the holiday,I will share it with my family and friends .You know the spring festival will soon come, I believe I would chatting and play games with my friends and family .I think I will enjoy the vacation.

寒假计划

时间过得真快，不知不觉得下一个寒假就要到了，为了提高我自己同时快乐的度过假期，我制定了寒假计划。

首先，我会继续学习，我认为学习是一种终身的过程，所以不管我处在那种情况之下，我都会寻找机会学习。我已经买了一些新书，这些书有的跟我的专业有关，也包括一些小说。我将努力读完他们并写下读书笔记。

其次，既然是放假，我将和我的家人朋友一起度过，你知道春节就要来临了，届时我会和我的家人朋友一起聊天啊，玩游戏啊等等，我相信我定会度过一个快乐的假期。

[寒假计划英语作文附翻译

I do not like teamwork in most time. Because I think it is hard for the

whole team to hold the same view. It is a waste of time to argue with each other

then make a compromise. But recently I have really seen the great power of

teamwork.

Last week we had a play competition. Because of some reasons, we had not

decided the play two days before the competition. Our monitor called the actors

and actresses who had been decided together. Then they think about every plot

together. To my surprise, it seemed that everybody had his or her good idea.

They gave up their weekend to practice the play. Finally our team won good marks

and were given the opportunity to participate in the final competition.

Teamwork is really powerful. No matter learning in school or working in the

future, we have to work in a team sometimes. So, try to establish the spirit of

teamwork. It will surely help you achieve success.

在大多数时间我不喜欢团队合作。因为我认为它是困难的为整个团队持有同样的观点。这是一个浪费时间争论然后互相妥协。但最近我真的见过伟大的团队合作的力量。

上周我们有一个玩的竞争。因为一些原因,我们没有决定竞争前的玩两天。我们的班长叫男女演员曾决定在一起。然后他们一起思考每一个情节。令我惊奇的是,似乎每个人都有他或她的好主意。他们放弃了周末练习。最后给出我们的团队赢得了好成绩,参加总决赛的机会。

团队合作真的很强大。无论在学校学习或工作在未来,有时我们必须在一个团队工作。所以,尝试建立团队合作的精神。它一定会帮助你取得成功。

要写好英语作文，具体要做到以下几点：

注重英文阅读习惯的养成与坚持

坚持英语阅读的习惯，不仅可以保持对英语语感的敏感度，更重要的是它有助于培养英式思维，从而避免汉式思维句子的出现。

(1)平时多读，积累句型：读的越多，语感欲强烈，写作的时候自然而然就可以自如的运用灵活多变的句式来完整一篇小作文了，另外建议多积累名言警句、谚语等以作为高级句型运用与作文中。

(2)选出一些代表性范文精读：选出不同题材的优秀作文范文，读的时候注意文章的开头、结尾、层次结构以及所用句型等。要有目的、用学习的心态来精读优秀范文，并做到学以致用。

注重平时的写作训练

英语写作训练可以以日记、话题或仿写的形式来进行。通过坚持一个学期的英语日记，保持英语写作的习惯。所以一定要坚持每周两到三次的写作训练，正所谓习惯成自然就是这个道理。

五步写出一篇好作文

什么才是好作文呢?很多同学误认为只要像学校平时测验那样子“句子结构正确，无单词拼写错误”就应该得满分。而小升初对作文的考核并非如此简单，同学们应该走出对英语写作认识上的误区。那么除了以上两个方面外，我们怎样才能写出一篇优秀作文而在小升初中获取高分呢?下面就来看我们的“高分作文五步法”。

(1)认真审题，确定时态人称，同时关注题材格式

时态：故事性文章一般用过去时，其中表达感受时可用现在时。说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时，举例时可用过去时。根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用，如过去和现在的对比等。如果句中出现了时间状语，时态则要遵循时间状语。

如ago，last…过去时;next，in…将来时等

人称：注意在句子中人称的统一。

例如：

Thanks to the teachers， we have improved our English.

其中we和our就是人称的统一。

格式：注意书信格式的开头和结尾。

(2)找全信息点，紧扣主题，突出重点

切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全，找齐信息点，建议用铅笔标出，写完后再涂掉。根据题目，可适当增加合理内容。特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。

(3)成文时表述正确，文字流畅

切忌与汉语提示的一一对应，使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾，主系表等)。同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写，最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。

(4)文章结构清晰，重点句型画龙点睛，可使文章在得分上提高一个档次，考虑文章的篇章结构，使用适当的连接短语，使文章结构紧凑。

常用连接词：

1.表文章结构顺序：

First of all， Firstly/First，Secondly/Second…

And then， Finally， In the end，At last

2.表并列补充关系的：

What is more， Besides，Moreover，

3.表转折对比关系的：

However， On the contrary， but

On one hand… On the otherhand…Some…， while others…

4.表因果关系的：

Because， As、So， Therefore， As a result

5.表换一种方式表达：

In other words

6.表进行举例说明：

For example，句子;For instance，句子;such as + n/doing

7.表陈述事实：In fact

8.表达自己观点：

As far as I know， In myopinion

9.表总结：

In short， In a word.

文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。

宾语从句举例：

I believe Tianjin will be morebeautiful and prosperous.

感叹句举例：

How I want to study in thebest middle school in Guangzhou!

动名词做主语举例：

Reading books and swimming aremy hobbies.

常用状语从句句型：

1)时间：

when， not…until(直到…才…)， as soon as(一…就…)

2)目的：

so that + clause; (为了)

3)结果：

so…that…(如此…以至于…)， too…to do(太……以至于……)

4)条件：

if， unless(除非)， as long as(只要)

5)比较：

as…as…(与…一样)， not so…as…， than

(5)认真检查，检查信息点是否全面，时态、人称是否一致，句子结构是否清晰，短语使用、单词拼写是否准确等。

检查后，将草稿誊写在纸上，请注意按结构分段，书写清晰。

下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误：

We livemore and more comfortable.

改正：comfortably(副词修饰动词)

2.we can getmany informations by reading newspapers.

改正：much information (不可数名词由much修饰)

3.There willhave a football game tomorrow.

改正：There will be a football game tomorrow.(Therebe句型的将来时结构)

4.I thinkride a bike can keep our health.

改正：I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)

My name is WangLei . My birthday is on August 11. We have a good

birthday party. My mother makes a birthday cake for me. It’s big and tasty. My

father give me a football. Because I like playing football. Many friends come to

my home .We are very happy. They give me a lot of presents and some birthday

cards. We sing and dance. We eat food and fruit. We play games together. We have

a good

time.

【参考翻译】

我的名字叫王磊。我的生日是8月11日。我们有一个很好的生日聚会。我妈妈使我一个生日蛋糕。它是又大又好吃。我父亲给我一个足球。因为我喜欢踢足球。很多朋友来我家。我们非常高兴。他们给了我很多的礼物和一些生日贺卡。我们唱歌跳舞。我们吃的食物和水果。我们一起玩游戏。我们有一个美好的时光。

Dear John,

Long time no see, how is your summer vacation I’m really sorry for writing so late. I have been too busy at this moment. I am happy to hear that you have traveled to Tibet at this summer holiday. How I wish I could go there with you!

Let me tell you something about my summer holiday. My summer holiday is rich and colorful. My parents take me to Hong Kong. That’s a beautiful place. I buy a lot of funny things at there. Such as pretty dresses, cute dolls and the snacks I never eat before. I really want to stay there and never come back! In a word, I really appreciate the life there. I’m really looking forward to your reply!

亲爱的约翰：

好久不见，你的暑假过得还好吗很抱歉那么晚才写信给你。这段时间 我真的太忙了。我很高兴听说暑假你去了西藏旅游。我真希望我也和你一起去。

让我告诉你我的暑假趣事吧。我的暑假过得丰富多彩。我父母带我去 了香港。那是个美丽的地方。我在香港买了很多新奇的玩意。比如漂亮的裙子， 可爱的娃娃和一些从来没有吃过的零食。我真想待在那里再也不回来了。一句话， 我喜欢那里的生活。

友的

My name is Li Haoyi. Im nine years old. Im a monkey. School: Park Primary School, class two (3).

I was a lively and cheerful and brave pupils in the class is worthy of the name "big star". I was very good at math. I was sealed by Mr. Zhou as a representative of math class. I also got the good praise from Mr. Huang.

Once, I saw in the exercises when the teacher Huang and Professor Zhou refers to me, I think that is calling me. After the exercise, the teacher let my mother come to school, I was more nervous! When my mother talked to the teacher, I knew that my sister was praised. (call to a false alarm.)

Look, this is me!

经过近一个学期的紧张学习生活，学生们即将迎来对学习成果的一次大检阅——期末考试。面对迫在眉睫的考试，不少同学都有些焦虑。对于各年级学生来说，该如何以积极的心态备考，全力以赴地考出好成绩则是目前的重中之重。小编将陆续整理小学各年级期末复习考试资料，供广大小学生参考。请继续关注新东方小学频道，祝大家考试取得好成绩。

there is an aoyu in the picture. the aoyu has a green tail， two colorful horns and the silver skin. it’s a silver aoyu. it looks beautiful and lively.

are you dance is a traditional dance in shawan piaose. it means it can always get the first. it’s a good symbol. everyone likes it very much.

My dog will be dead. She is very old. We have kept her for ten years. Now

her hairs are falling. And she always lies on the ground. She can’t see very

clearly. She eats a little. She becomes thin. She was very strong before. She is

still guarding my family. She is one of my family member. Now we are all uneasy

because she will die. I think you may know my thinking. Even if it is a dog, you

can’t forget it. So these days, we feet her the best food.

我的狗死了。她是很老了。我们已经把她十年。现在她的头发正在下降。她永远是在地面上。她不能看得很清楚。她吃一点。她变细。她很坚强。她还是守护我的家人。她是我的一个家庭成员。现在，我们都感到不安，因为她会死。我想你可能知道我的想法。即使它是一只狗，你不能忘记它。因此，这些天，我们脚，她最好的食物

Wide sea diving, the days of the birds to fly. Everyone carries a dream of

their own.

However, what is the dream? What is dream? Dream is looking forward to, and

the dream is strong - is fleeting dream you insist on the ideal as their courage

and perseverance, are you responsible for their own highest level. But ask

yourself, how many of us to accomplish his original dream in mind?

Our dream is a simple belief, is a future and life of their own

responsibility. Perhaps, is the Youth

grand ambitions; perhaps, is the adolescent confusion and impulsive; maybe

just a plain desire, desire applause, eager for success. Countless "may,"

innumerable "hope" because of our youthful full of miracles, large and small

dreams in our hearts, in every corner of life filled with fragrance.

Only the ideal but no effort is useless. If you want to be a teacher, you

should to study hard. If you want to be a player, you should do more exercises.

If you want to become a businessman, he should learn to get along with people.

For example, my wish is to be a famous writer grew up, because I really love

writing, so from now on, I should read more, more accumulate knowledge, and

strive to improve writing level. No pains, no gains, because my efforts, so my

article was punished in many newspapers , and in many composition contest, I see

the success Im happy, so, struggle is the bridge to the ideal.

Yes, my dream. to give my famliy a warm, give my friend happy. Yes, my

dream. The podium from the first station began his love this place, started from

the first published an article looking forward to the world of words, decided to

stay here from the beginning, stick to bottom of my heart desire.

Years in our faces no matter how many additional traces, no matter how much

things to us across the chest wounds, as long as we have the right to breathe,

to have a passion for remodeling dreams! Oxygen to survive as long as we have to

have the courage to create a passion!

Choose to continue, select the value, select the achievements of the

passion of life, the brave hearts of the initial dream of success!

海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞。每个人都怀揣着一个属于自己的梦想。

然而，什么是梦?什么又是梦想?梦是期待，而梦想是坚强--是你把飘渺的梦坚持作为自己理想的勇气和执著，是你对自己负责的最高境界。但扪心自问，我们有多少人能够成就自己心中最初的梦想?

我们的梦想，是一个简单的信念，是一份对自己未来与生命的责任。也许，是二十岁的豪情壮志;也许，是青春期的迷茫与冲动;也许只是一份平淡的渴望，渴望掌声，渴望成功。无数的“可能”，无数的“希望”，因为我们的青春岁月充满奇迹，我们心中大大小小的梦，在生活的每一个角落里芬芳弥漫。

是的，我的梦想。一份从一而终的守望--给我的学生希望，给我的读者温暖，给我的爱人幸福。是的，我的梦想。从第一次站上讲台开始迷恋这个地方，从第一次发表文章开始憧憬文字世界，从决定留在这里开始，坚守心底的渴望。

无论岁月在我们脸上增添了多少痕迹，无论世事在我们胸口划过多少到伤痕，只要我们还有呼吸的权利，就拥有重塑梦想的激情!只要我们还有生存的氧气，就拥有缔造激情的勇气!

落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。选择坚持，选择珍惜，选择成就生命的激情，勇敢的成就心中最初的梦想!

今天天上下起蒙蒙细雨，好想披上轻纱，我正在上学的路上。

Today, its drizzling. I want to put on the veil. Im on my way to

school.

突然我听到哎呀的.一声，我往后看见一个小女孩摔在地上，我赶紧把那个小女孩扶了起，那个小女孩说：“谢谢你”，我心里美滋滋的。

Suddenly

I heard a cry. I saw a little girl fall on the ground. I quickly picked up the

little girl. The little girl said, "thank you." I was very

happy.

最后，我和那个小女孩一起上学去了。

Finally, I went to school with the little

girl.

I like the winter holiday very much.Though its very shortI can enjoy the

Spring Festival.I can watch cartoon every day.

I neednt go to school frepuently.Sometimes I can go to play with my friend

outside.With the festival comingI can play all the time.I can play video game

with my brother.I am good at playing PC game.

So I often beats my brother.Then more and more relative came to my home.We

had dinner together.Its so lively that Iam very happy.But I still have to do my

homework.

new year party

on new year‘s eve，our class had a party. the atmosphere was good. it was  out of the ordinary from the very begining. the boy student from one bedroom  gave an unusual performance. we saw a boy named li xinmin turn off all the  lights in a sudden snap. then with three resounding（响亮的） crow of a cock echoing  in the hall，the hall was again brightly lit in a snap.

then，the representative of the bedroom zhu guozhang asked us to guess a  line of a poem related to the above situation. he added that li xinmin alone was  born in the year of the dog and the other three were all born in the year of the  chicken. they left us all in confusion. and it was our monitor who was  quickwitted（机智的）。 he shouted our， “the day breaks as the cock crows three times  at dawn.” the hall after that，they had another item. this time li xinmin was  placed in the middle of the circle. while he was standing there，the other three  stood around him，each bowing down to him at an angle of 120 degrees. it was an  idiom. this time i got it right：“the dog stands out among a group of  chickens.”

译文二：

在除夕，我们班有一个聚会。气氛好。它是寻常从一开始。从一间卧室男生给一个不寻常的表现。我们看到名为李新民在突然关闭所有的灯单元一个男孩。然后用三个响亮的（响亮的）的回荡在大厅里鸡叫，大厅明亮又在瞬间点燃。

然后，卧室的朱国章代表要求我们猜测了有关上述情况的诗。他补充说，李新民单是出生在狗年，其他三个都在鸡年出生的。他们给我们留下了所有的混乱。它是我们的班长谁是quickwitted（机智的）。他喊我们，“天休息的鸡叫三在黎明倍。“大厅之后，他们还有另外一个项目。这一次李新民被放置在圆的中间。当他站在那里，其他三个人围着他站着，低头在每一个120度的角度下去见他。这是一个成语。这一次我得到了它的权利：“。狗中脱颖而出的鸡群！“

一次新的体验 A new experience

Yesterday I did commonweal in library to earn my public service

scores(which is similar to the compulsory credits).I arrived library at 8’clock

in the morning,a librarian let me to wipe the mirror in every toilet from one to

six floor.Then I started to wipe the mirrors.It was been two hours after I

finished all work.I was very tired,but looking at the shiny and clean mirrors I

had wiped, I felt very happy.To be honest,I had never done the things like it at

home,so it was a new experience to me,and it make me realize the hard work of my

parent.

昨天，我在图书馆做公益去获取公益实数(类似于学分)。我早上8点到达图书馆，一个图书馆管理员让我去擦一楼到六楼的厕所里的镜子。然后

就开始擦镜子了。等我完成了所有的工作，已经过去两个小时了。我非常地累，但是看着被我擦得干净闪亮的镜子，我感到很开心。说实话，我在家里从来没有做过像这样的事情，所以，这对我来说是一次新的体验，这也让我体会到了父母的艰辛。