高中英语写作的基础训练4篇 作文题目通用20篇
建设和发展中国特色社会主义,实现中华民族伟大复兴,这是亿万中华儿女的共同理想和雄心壮志,下面是小编整理的复兴中华从我做起征文,欢迎阅读。
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1000高中英语谚语大全
全文共 2229 字
+ 加入清单导语:高中是要奔着高考去冲刺的,自然要好好努力一番,英语作为主课千万不能落下,每天多背一些吧。小编为你整理了高中英语谚语大全,欢迎大家阅读
1、Diligence is the mother of success.
成功来自勤奋。
2、God helps those who help themselves.
自助者天助。
3、Gold will not buy anything.
黄金并非万能。
4、No man can do two things at once.
一心不可二用。
5、Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.
世上无难事,只要肯登攀。
6、Wealth is nothing without health.
失去健康,钱再多也没用。
7、Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.
今日事,今日毕。
8、Two heads are better than one.
三个臭皮匠,赛过诸葛亮。
9、Actions speak louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
10、A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难见真情。
11、All things are difficult before they are easy.
万事先难后易。
12、An idle youth, a needy age. / A young idler, an old beggar.
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
13、Well begun is half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
14、Health is happiness.
健康就是幸福。
15、He laughs best who laughs last.
谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
16、Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
17、Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
18、Practice makes perfect.
熟能生巧。
19、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
一天一个苹果,医生远离我。
20、Health is above wealth.
健康胜于财富。
21、Kill two birds with one stone.
一箭双雕。
22、All beginnings are hard.
万事开头难。
23、The early bird catches the worm.
早起的鸟儿有虫吃。
24、Easier said than done.
说起来容易做起来难。
25、Think twice before you do、/Look before you leap.
三思而后行。
26、Do as the Romans do.
入乡随俗。
27、A good beginning is half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
28、Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
29、Facts speak plainer than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
30、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
自信是走向成功的第一步。
31、A thousand mile trip begins with one step.
千里之行,始于足下。
32、Unity is strength.
团结就是力量。
33、Time and tide wait for no man.
时不我待。
34、Do nothing by halves.
不可半途而废。
35、Business before pleasure.
先工作,后娱乐。
36、Nothing is too difficult in the world if you set your mind into it.
世上无难事,只怕有心人。
37、Dont judge by appearance.
不可以貌取人。
38、Time flies.
光阴似箭。
39、Time is money.
时间就是金钱。
40、Nothing seek, nothing find.
没有追求就没有收获。
41、A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
人生没有朋友,犹如生活没有阳光。
42、A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
活到老,学到老。
43、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
只工作而无娱乐会使人愚钝。
44、Every advantage has its disadvantage.
有利必有弊。
45、Every advantage has its disadvantage.
光阴一去不复返。
46、All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
47、Do it now.(.)
机不可失,时不再来。
48、As one door closes, another door opens.
无绝人之路。
49、Honesty is the best policy.
做人诚信为本。
更多相似作文
篇1:高中英语作文春节春节英语作文
全文共 917 字
+ 加入清单The Spring Festival,Chinese New Year,is the most important festival for all of us.All family members get together on New YearEve to have a big meal. At the same time,everyone celebrates to each other.At about 12 oclock,some parents and children light crackers.The whole sky is lighted brightly.We may watch the fireworks excitedly.How busy it is!
On the first early morning of one year,many senior citizen get up early and they stick the reversed Fu or hang some couplets on the front door.Some houses windows are sticked on red paper cuttings.The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days.
So during the fifteen days,we always visit our relatives from door to door.At that time,children are the happiest because they can get many red packets form their parents,grandparents,uncles,aunts and so on.
The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival.It names the Lantern Festival.So the Chinese New Year comes to the end
篇2:微型小说的写作基础指导
全文共 2697 字
+ 加入清单微型小说又名小小说,超短篇小说,一分钟小说。过去它作为短篇小说的一个品种而存在, 后来的发展使它已成为一种独立的文学样式,其性质被界定为"介于边缘短篇小说和散文之 间的一种边缘性的现代新兴文学体裁"。阿·托尔斯泰认为:"小小说是训练作家最好的学 校。"(《论文学》)
日本作家星新一指出:"很久以前就存在着类似超短篇小说的作品。……但是,超短篇小说 这个名字的正式出现,是源于美国。"多数人推崇美国作家欧·亨利(1862-1910) 是创始人。他的近三百篇作品,情节生动,笔调幽默。其中《麦琪的礼物》脍灸人口。可以 这么说,超短篇小说具有立意新颖、情节严谨、结局新奇三要素。即在1500字以内,要概 括出普通小说应具有的一切。也可以说,微型小说是一种敏感,从一个点、一个画面、一个 对比、一声赞叹、一瞬间之中,捕捉住了小说--一种智慧、一种美、一个耐人寻味的场景, 一种新鲜的思想。
微型小说在写作上追求的目标是四个字:微、新、密、奇。
一、微。指的是篇幅微小,不超过一千五百个字。因此,构思和行文时必须注意字句的 凝炼,不允许作品中有赘词冗句。如马克·吐温的《丈夫支出帐本中的一页》。全文只有七 行字,却具有长篇小说的全部情节。
二、新。指的是立意新颖,风格清新。星新一写作一分钟小说,就极力追求"新"。他写道: "有些评论家把我的小说与美国的超短篇小说(Short-Short)混为一谈,这是不妥当的。 我是受了美国超短篇小说的影响。但是没有完全依靠,而是发挥了自己独特的风格和技巧。 我的小说强调一个新字,给读者以新题材、新知识,甚至让他们感到惊讶!"(星新一《一 分钟小说选》)为此,他常常借助于童话、寓言、科幻、推理等手法,通过非现实的题材或 现实题材的非现实笔法,反映他在现实生活中的独特的感觉,表现清新的主题,如他的《保 修》。 当然,微型小说的立意和其它形式的小说作品一样,有时并不是一眼能看出的,有时主题并 非一个,是多元化的,这都是可以的。例如美国著名科幻作家弗里蒂克·布朗写的一篇被称 为世界上最短的科学幻想小说:"地球上最后一个人独自坐在房间里,这时忽然响起了敲门 声……"就写得十分别致而耐人寻味。
三、密。指的是结构严密。微型小说的作者在结构上,应力求时间、场所、人物都尽可 能地压缩、集中,使作品结构简练、精巧,如同微雕工艺品那样。因此,特别要在选材、剪 裁和布局上下功夫。
四、奇。指的是结尾要新奇巧妙,出人意料。微型小说的特点多半在于一个"奇"字。 中外作家的许多优秀作品就常在结尾处使人拍案叫绝。如邵宝健的《永远的门》的结尾就出 人意料。
对待微型小说的特点及技巧,一要弄通掌握, 争取在理论指导下站在较高起点上进行实践,二要灵活运用,甚至不去联系,让它们在潜意识中随时起到作用。还可以摹仿。照搬形式、技巧, 发扬精华,受到感应,并力求创新,出自己意。上述特点, 特别是"博采众长"中已经具备了微型小说的一些结构要求。以下再列出一种模式,供初学者学习。
模式如下:
【开头】要使人"一见钟情"。方式有三种:
1.造成悬念,引起兴趣。如《那团云雾》,开头就写不知怎的没了游兴,连山顶上也罩上一团云雾。
2.开门见山,进入情节。往往开头就是人物对话。
3.含蓄蕴藉,曲径通幽。往往描写景物, 烘托铺垫并有照应和伏笔。
【中间】结构主要有三种基本类型:
1.曲折生致式。
①单线曲折,一波三折。如王任叔的《河豚子》,写一农民在二三十年代的社会背景中,因穷困而自杀的过程:弄回毒鱼, 却看到孩子们兴高采烈;怕见惨象而出外, 回来后却见妻儿欢笑等待;吃后等死,却因鱼失去毒性,死不成仍要受苦。
②双线交叉,内在联系。一人两事,或两人一事;可以是两条明线,也可一明一暗,互为陪衬。如《小星的暑假日记》, 父亲编造假材料,儿子编写假日记。父亲打骂儿子后, 再要写材料时只好苦笑。
③反复回环,同中见异。如《奇妙的循环不等式》,车上只有一个空位,售票员不让老太太坐,却让"首长"坐。 司机上车后赶开"首长"请经理坐,经理的丈母娘正是老太太。 又如《他们都是瞎子》,写一对青年热恋、结婚、离婚时都看见一对瞎子相搀相扶。
④前后对比,双峰对峙。 如《变化》写一个业余作者先后发表两篇稿件后,单位领导不同的态度。
(5)欲扬先抑,欲抑先扬。前者,"扬"是主体, 却先在"抑"上着笔,突然一转归于"扬"。后者相反。这样,产生了情节发展的意外性,加强了相反相成的艺术效果。
2.重旨复意式。微型小说应以小暗示大,达到意义的升华;要讲象外之旨,言外之意,引起读者想象。主要采用:①象征。 用具体物象寓示概念或另一形象,但只起结构作用, 不是象在诗歌中着力描写的中心形象那样。如《枪口》, 写一官复原职的领导用别人送的枪打下猎物时,得知走后门的"枪口"也对准了他。 ②双关。如《向不通》, 写大学生向不通十年勤恳工作反不如工作差的升得上去,因而"想不通"。③比喻。如《"炮"炸宴席》, 写小孙子在酒宴上放炮仗捣乱, 又在爷爷不满新经理四十来岁年纪轻时放"炮":"你不是十八岁就当县长!爸爸三十出头就当厂长了! "④省略。这是一种具象化的空白。如《落果》, 老门卫退休后门口枣树上果子不熟就被打光,他写信给厂长:"连几十张馋嘴都管不住,还管厂。"接着省略了厂长感奋、整顿厂风的情节, 而写第二年老师傅收到一包红枣。
3.采用其它文体和艺术体裁的特长。
【结尾】结尾宜巧,要"回眸一笑"。主要有三种:
1.画龙点睛,首尾呼应。如《那团云雾》,开头败了游兴,峰顶似乎有团云雾,结尾那团云雾也不见了。
2.戛然而止,含蓄隽永。如二百来字的《书法家》,局长在书法展览会上应邀不过写了两个拿手的好字是"同意", 面对惊叹和要求只好无奈地说?quot;能写好的数这两个字……"这样结尾, 韵味无穷,艺术容量很大。
以上两种结尾方法只能撩起读者短暂的激动,最佳结尾是:
3.出人意外,扣人心弦。即"欧·享利式结尾",其特点是"巧"。整个布局为结尾服务,读者以为情节东向演进, 结果却西向而行,抖包袱,亮底牌。这种结尾, 打破了情节发展惯用的结构手法,给人以新奇感,深化了主题,增加了容量。大家熟知的《麦琪的礼物》就是这样,一对穷困夫妻为在节日时互送礼物而煞费苦心,最后礼物拿出来却没用:一个卖掉金表为妻子买了梳子, 一个剪掉长发为丈夫买了根表链。又如澳大利亚的《窗》,靠窗的病人每天为角落病人描述窗外美景,为苍白的生活增光添彩。 但是角落病人却见死不救,图谋到了靠窗的好位置,抬头望见窗外只是一堵高墙。
篇3:优秀英语写作素材:万圣节
全文共 2881 字
+ 加入清单万圣节又叫诸圣节,在每年的10月31日,是西方的传统节日。以下是关于万圣节的英语素材,供大家参考。
11月1日万圣节英文:Hallowmas,南瓜是万圣节的代表。
10月31日是万圣夜英文:Halloween,华语地区常将万圣夜称为万圣节。
Halloween is a holiday celebrated on October 31. By tradition, Halloween begins after sunset. Long ago, people believed that witches gathered together and ghosts roamed the world on Halloween. Today, most people no longer believe in ghosts and witches. But these supernatural beings are still a part of Halloween.
万圣节前夜是在10月31日庆祝的一个节日,根据传统,万圣节前夜的庆祝活动从太阳落山开始。在很久以前,人们相信在万圣节前夜女巫会聚集在一起,鬼魂在四处游荡。现在,大多数人们不再相信有鬼魂和女巫的存在了,但是他们仍然把这些作为万圣节前夜的一部分。
The colors black and orange are also a part of Halloween. Black is a symbol for night and orange is the color of pumpkins. A jack-o’-lantern is a hollowed-out pumpkin with a face carved on one side. Candles are usually placed inside, giving the face a spooky glow.
黑色和橙色仍然是万圣节前夜的一部分,黑色是夜晚的象征,而橙色代表着南瓜。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型,中间挖空,再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的,带来一个毛骨悚然的灼热面孔。
Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away.
盛装是最受欢迎的万圣节风俗之一,尤其是受孩子们的欢迎。按照传统习俗,人们会盛装(穿戴一些特殊的服饰,面具或者装饰)来吓跑鬼魂。
Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood), ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).
流行的万圣节服装包括vampires(吸血鬼),ghosts(死者的灵魂)和werewolves(每当月圆时就变成狼形的人)。
Trick or Treating is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they dont get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.
欺骗或攻击是现代万圣节的风俗。孩子们穿着特殊的衣服走街串巷,讨取糖果和玩具之类的赏赐。如果他们得不到任何的赏赐,就可能会对屋主大搞恶作剧或者胡闹了。
The tradition of the Jack o Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face.
南瓜灯的传统来自于一个民间传说。一个名叫Jack的人戏弄了恶魔,之后就不得不提着一盏灯在地球上流浪。南瓜灯是用雕刻成脸型,中间挖空,再插上蜡烛的南瓜做成的。
There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstition is an irrational idea, like believing that the number 13 is unlucky!
和万圣节有关的迷信还有很多。迷信是一种不合常理的想法,比如认为13是不吉利的数字!
Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They dont really exist... or do they?
万圣节还和一些诸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之类的超自然的生物有关。这些生物不是自然界的一部分。他们实际上是不存在的......或许他们其实真的存在?
Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.
女巫是万圣节很受欢迎的人物,人们认为她们具有强大的魔力。他们通常戴着尖顶的帽子,骑在扫把上飞来飞去。
Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats.
恶兆也是万圣节庆祝活动的一部分。人们相信恶兆会带给坏运气,黑猫、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是恶兆。
篇4:大学英语四级写作冲刺的方法
全文共 1641 字
+ 加入清单一、四级作文概述
四级作文是提纲作文,一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖,切题合理便可落笔;在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺,文字流畅;在文字表现上要求无语法错误,个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配,单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外,值得一提的是,在篇章结构上建议写三段,所以即便题目只给出两个提纲,最好在完成两个提纲后,再多补充一段,所补内容不限,但须跟话题相关。
二、四级作文例题分析
(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water
1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺
2. 为什么会出现这种情况
3. 该如何解决
96年6月份曾考过此题,今天来看,似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题,那么挖掘其背后根源,并找出解决方案,就成为探讨的主要方面,而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类,界限清晰,直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象,确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话,作为一段话则显内容单薄,字数匮乏,所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充,举例时即可基于国内现状,也可纵观全球,显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水,水价上升,以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析,建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念,心理意识,行为动机以及行为举措,比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发,如社会发展,人口激增,甚至污染的加剧等方面出发,这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然,考场上由于时间紧迫,无法细想,可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因,其实也无妨,只要二者不同即可,谨防虽言明两原因,但实则彼此混淆,出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析,措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起,也可加入作为现代年轻人,我该如何约束自己,从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之,在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力,纵马驰骋,原则依旧:切题者皆可。
(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students
1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职
2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作,人们看法不一
3.我的看法
这是一道校园话题,在内容上即涉及现象,又涉及观点,能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出,看到提纲1,大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景,如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告,校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等,这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时,脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景,把这些画面定格,进行详细描绘即可,即自然又切题。当然,段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之,提纲是总领,而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法,一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时,提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端),也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点,对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是,继提出己方观点后,还应补充其他内容,如论据;也可写我的下一步做法,甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。
(3)Private Cars of Today
1.目前私家车越来多了
2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题
这道题只有两个提纲,所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容,可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类:如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等),也可在1,2之间插入一段(如原因分析,即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1,依然是事实陈述,看到提纲1,会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆,以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车,那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2,是私家车给人们生活带来的影响,该事实是一中性事实,则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性,一方面它带来好处,如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便,另一方面它带来坏处,如排放废气,污染环境,或造成交通堵塞等等。
篇5:提高网络安全的高中英语作文
全文共 1316 字
+ 加入清单Along with the time development accessing the net already turned the extremely universal matter. No matter is adult or the child so long as mentioning the computer all think of internet. But accessing the internet is advantageous but also has shortcoming.
I knew very many people access the net mainly is for playing games which is very bad for the study. Therefore some people believed the elementary and middle school students lack the self-control.
Butthere are many people approving to accessing internet why? Because internet can provide to the people very helps. First the network looks like a library we can look up very many materials easilyand it is quicker than the speed of consulting books; Next we may read a richer news on-line; In addition accessing the net also has other functions for example E-mail telephoning on the net and so on.
Actually accessing the net has its profit and the shortcoming place. We use it to open to expand the field of vision the study knowledge but must certainly grasp the discretion.随着时间的发展,接入网已经变成了极为普遍的问题。不管是大人还是孩子,只要一提电脑,都想到互联网。但是,上网是有利的,但也有缺点。
网络的好与坏高中英语作文 我知道很多人上网,主要是玩游戏,这对学习是很不好的。因此,有人认为,中小学生缺乏自我控制能力。
但是,有许多人赞成上网,为什么呢?因为互联网可以为人们提供很有帮助。首先,网络就像一个图书馆,我们可以看到很多材料很容易,而且比查阅书籍速度快;其次,我们可以读到更丰富的新闻在线;此外,上网还有其它作用,例如,电子邮件,网上通电话等等。
其实,上网有它的盈利和缺点的地方。我们用它来开阔视野,拓展视野,学习知识,但一定要把握自由裁量权。
篇6:高中英语作文大全
全文共 977 字
+ 加入清单Nowadays, divorce rate has been rising sharply in China, because most
people think that its better to get divorced than stick to a bad marriage. But
for those couples who have children, they had better think over before getting
divorced. Parents divorce may have some negative effects on their children.
Firstly, the love of father is different from the love of mother. Children need
both of the love. Without each of the love, they may not grow up healthily.
Secondly, in order to raise the family, the single parents have to work harder,
so that they may have less time to accompany with their children. The children
may feel neglected, which may cause mental problems. Besides, if the single
parents get married again, the children may get hurt by calling another person
father or mother. If they cant get along well with each other, the situation
will become even worse. Thus, for the sake of their children, parents are not
supposed to get divorced in a rush. They should think twice.
篇7:关于友谊的高中英语作文
全文共 5889 字
+ 加入清单友谊是一条善良的河流,澄清着沿路的风尘;是上天在人的心灵中植下的一方净土,培育着诚实善良的花朵。下面是小编整理的关于友谊的英语作文,希望对大家有帮助。 关于友谊的英语作文一:
Friendship is a kind of human relations. It is a human instinct to make friends.When in trouble, we
need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys.
Friendship is also one of the greatest pleasures that we can enjoy. It implies loyalty, cordiality, sympathy, affection,and readiness to help. No man can make the most of his life without carefully and conscientiously striving to win the right kind of friends as he goes along.
Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends. Real friends are those who have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart. Real friends can share all our sorrows and double all our joys.While making friends, we should take care to select those who have such fine qualities. Then we should treat our friends with courtesy, be careful not to interfere unreasonably with them,and not to ridicule their proceedings. We should forgive their failures and do our best to help them. In short, when we have established friendship, we ought to cherish and treasure it by means of words and deeds. Only thus, can we develop real friendship and keep the sacred lamp of friendship burning all our life. 关于友谊的英语作文二:
making friends is a skill like many other skills. it improves with practice. if you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some actions. you must first go where there are people. you won’t make friends staying home alone. join a club or a group. taking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. or join someone in some activities. many people are nervous when talking to new people. after all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. and it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknown. most of our fears about dealing with new people come from doubts about ourselves. we imagine other people are judging us of finding us too tall or to short, too this or too that. but don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. try to accept yourself as you are and try to put the other person at ease. you’ll both feel more comfortable.
try to be self-comfident even if you don’t feel that way. when you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.
if you see someone you like to speak to, say something . don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.
just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person-friendship is based on mutual liking and “give and take”. it takes time and effort to develop. 关于友谊的英语作文三:
Friendship Friends play an important part in our lives,and although we may take friendship for granted,we often dont clearly understand how we make friends.While we get on well with a number of people,we are usually friends with only a very few----for example,the average among students is about 6 per person.In all the cases of friendly relationships,two people like one another and enjoy being together.but beyond that,the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for the shared interests vary enormously.As we get to know people we take into account things like age,race ,economic conditions,social position,and intelligence.Although these factors are not of prime importance,it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.
Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion,but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs,to have attitudes and interests in commen ---they often talk about being on the same wavelength .it generally takes time to reach this point.And the more intimately involved people become,the more they rely on one another .people want to do friends favours and hate to break a promise.Equally,friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and try to tolerate differencesof opinion.wWw.xiNgkoo.coMIn contrast with marriage ,there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two persons.But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to a powerful bond ,which can overcome differences in background ,and break down barriers of age, class or race. 关于友谊的英语作文四:
Friendship is priceless, is not buy friendship, and when you give up your friendship who, you need his help, he can not help you, even if you can not buy with thousands of gold back.
I am a heavy feeling of people, sense of obligation, so there are a lot of friends, such as: "Tang Tao, Zhou Jie, Liu Longyu, Liu Fan, off field ... ... my good friend, are infinite in number, no one told me they After a wonderful childhood, with these friends, my childhood full of joy.
They gave me numerous times to help, Don Tao is my first grade friends, our class took part in the running, everyone knows me and the strength of the Tang Tao comparable to the running of the day, I was flabbergasted, my running time, slipped and fell a somersault, then, Tang Tao, Stop right now, pick me, help me to pat the dust off, suddenly, I felt a burst of warm heart, the somersault to get my speed was much slower , Tao Tang met with me crossing the finish line is busy pulling up and give me the second I knew that he was very second.
Zhou Jie is my understanding in the second grade, he often helped me record straight. D O I did not play and when to give me happiness. Liu Longyu fifth grade I knew, he was my classmate, math problems often tell me, tell me a joke, was my best playmate ... ...
Liu Fan, off field in the sixth grade, I know, and we you, for me, be sworn, and I have a difficult time, they are always the first to help me. Friendship is priceless, with friends, you will be better tomorrow.
[关于友谊的高中英语作文
篇8:高中英语日记
全文共 869 字
+ 加入清单Today is the 21stcentury, as the highly developed of technology, we
facilitate our life with all kinds of newly invented products, such as computer,
digital camera and so on. The technology products indeed brings us convenience,
the old way of doing things has been challenging. Before, people like to write
letters to say hi to others or send letters to give people information, while
today, people can use smart phone or computer to call others quickly, that saves
a lot of time. Does the way of writing letters will be kicked out and disappear?
Well, on my opinion, though people like to use the new technology, letter still
has its charm. Writing letters means someone is in sincere attitude, the one who
receives the letter will be touched deeply. Sometimes message is hard to use
phone to explain, then letters will be used. In a word, writing letter will be
not out of day.
篇9:感恩节英语作文高中
全文共 1367 字
+ 加入清单i would like to thank the manpeople, but the most grateful to mfather, from small to large, mfather gave me encouragement and love so many.
mfather iwarm and severe, when holidatime, he liketo join me sitting in bed talking daylater to see if the book later. he told me iso severe! in particular, i do not listen, hieyewere round, sharp eyelike a sword in mbodscan to scan, i immediatelfor the mistakei feel ashamed. i love mfather, grateful to him for mpay, meducation. when i wasick, ito take care of mfather in everpossible way; i am in trouble, the father ikind of nice to help me. he gave me the love iselfless. one sundaevening, i feel listless, had no energto the body. dad found, help me to rest, give me temperature. goodfellas! 39 degree5! at thitime, i also head halo youteng bodcold and hot, uncomfortable bed in dengjiao, the father then took a wet towel on mhead enough, i feel better. in the 3-point night, i did not fire back, the father had no choice but to the clinic to bumedicine for me, a father of seven lianpao clinics, but are not yet open. b6 oclock, mfather turned to the cou
nthospital, the father upstairdownstairto bumedicine for me, pay, i can clearlsee the father of crystal beadof sweat on hiforehead. at thipoint, i reallwanted to sato the father: dad, i thank you! dad inot onlconcerned about mbody, ialso verconcerned about mlearning.
篇10:关于英语说明文的写作方法
全文共 8391 字
+ 加入清单就“说明对象”而言,英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类,比如:对“LASER(激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year XX(计算机XX年问题)”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明,而“The Successful Interview(谈成功的面试)”、“How to Write Good English Composition(如何才能写好英语作文)” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说,在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者,即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中,阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重,其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述,英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分:第一部分一般是文章的第一段,提出文章的主题,也就是说,文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容;第二部分是文章的主体,可由若干个段落组成,对文章的主题进行展开说明;第三部分是结尾段,对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出,要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中,常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种:
1.罗列法(listing)
在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点,然后常用first,second,…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中,下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的:
Early Rising
Early rising (早起) is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us fit (健康)。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise (做早操)。
Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning, and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.
Thirdly, early rising enables (使能够) us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring, so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.
Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.
Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says,“Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.”
罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落,我们可以注意模仿学习:
There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all, …Secondly, …And finally, …
We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all, …Secondly, …And finally,
必须指出的是,有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first, second…等词,但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。
2.举例法(examples)
举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思,常用for example, for instance, still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的:
Recreation
It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation (娱乐)。 The mind, too, needs change to make it fresh and vigorous (有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying, All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“
There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance, football, tennis, and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating, fishing, gardening, cycling, walking, chess-playing, and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉) with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活) should adopt (采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.
Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation, but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience, and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk (轻松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor, chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.
可以看出,举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用:即用罗列法来列出例子,用例子充实罗列的说明。
3.比较法(comparison and contrast)
比较法是对两个对象进行比较,从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点(comparison)和比较不同点(contrast)两种方法,比如:
From Paragraph to Essay
Although they are different in length (长度), the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure (结构)。 For example, the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence (主题句) or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay, the first paragraph sets up the topic focus (主题所在) Next, the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly, the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory (引导的) paragraph. Finally, a concluding sentence (结束句) ——whether a restatement, conclusion, or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay, too, has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions (例外), most well written expository (说明文的) paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.
可以看出,在比较相同点的时候,常用到similarly,also,too,in the same case,in spite of the difference等这样的词语。
European Football and American Football
Although European football is the parent of American football, the two games show several major differences. European football, sometimes called association football or soccer, is played in 80 countries, making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football, on the other hand, is popular only in North America (the United States and Canada)。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football, also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions (位置) on the field, is played with an elongated (拉长的) round ball. Soccer has little body contact (接触) between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football, in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates, needs special protective equipment. In soccer, the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting (顶) it with the head. In American football, on the other hand, the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents (对手) goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish (区别) association and American football.
这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出:however,on the other hand,in contrast,but,nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。
4.定义法(definition)
定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法,特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是:
被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语
可以看出,定义句中限制性定语越详细,定义就越精确,比如:
A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on(以……为食品)fruit and insects but is not a bird.
其实,在英—英词典中,对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如,看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的:A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession (专业)。
5.顺序法(sequence of time, space and process)
顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平,用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义,用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。
下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的:
Coal
Coal underwent (经受) many changes before it became the bright, brittle (脆的), black substance which we now use. During ancient times (在上古时代), when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate, the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on, the ground changed and began to sink (下沉) a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit (沉淀) of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.
Generations after generations (几世纪后), as the ground kept gradually sinking, another layer of sand and clay was again deposited (积聚) above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted (作用) and the peat (泥煤) was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.
Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine (煤矿)。 In China, coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.
6.分类法(classification)
分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如:著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根(Francis Bacon)在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》(Of Studies)一文中就用到了分类法:
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested, that is, some books are to be read only in parts, others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books…
参考译文:书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所需摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者……
——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》(张培基等)
可见,如果能够根据具体情况,选用合适的写作手法,就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。
除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外,还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下,对于中学生来说,上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是:在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主,同时辅以其他写作手法。有时,甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此,必须根据具体情况,选用合适的展开主题的写作手法,才能写出优秀的英语说明文。
篇11:小说写作基础知识
全文共 4721 字
+ 加入清单【小说的概述】
小说的特点主要有三点:第一,以塑造人物形象为反映或表现生活的主要手段;第二, 有较完整、生动的情节;第三,有具体的、典型的环境描写。因此,人物、情节和环境被称 为"小说的三要素"。
小说的类别可分为:长篇小说,中篇小说,短篇小说和微型小说。在写作上,这四类小 说各有不同的要求。如短篇小说,它的篇幅和容量比较短小,一般二万字以下,两千字以上。 人物集中,故事单纯,结构紧凑。往往截取生活中富有典型性的某一侧面或片断加以集中描 绘,以提示社会生活的意义,"它往往只有一个主人公,一条线索;往往只写几个小时或几 天之内集中发生的事,但却使读者盾了以后可以联想到更远更多的事。"(茅盾)由于它借一 斑而窥全貌,以一目尽传精神,鲁迅把它譬之为"大伽蓝"中的"一雕栏一画础"。如他的 《狂人日记》、《风波》、《祝福》等。再如微型小说,它的篇幅更短,几十个字、几百个字至 一千多字。情节单一,人物很少。多取材于日常生活中的一件小事,寓有褒贬或哲理。如日 本现代作家星新一的《宝子姑娘》和我国当代一些作家的微型小说作品。小说家沙汀说:"我 以为小说之分为长篇、中篇和短篇,主要的差异并不在于字数,而在于表现方法。"这个说 法对初学写作者来说,很有指导意义;要从事不同类别的小说写作,不能不仔细研究并熟练 地掌握它们不同的表现方法。
【如何写作短篇小说】
一、充分准备,打好基础写作短篇小说与写作中、长篇小说一样,在写作前必须进行充分的准备。首先,在执笔 写小说之前,必须具有一定的思想修养和生活积累。其次,读过较多的文艺作品,喜爱文学 创作,有一定的文艺修养和文艺理论的基础常识。茅盾在《创作的准备》开头就指出:"世 界文学史上的巨人们留遗给我们的不朽的著作,以及他们毕生的文学事业的经历,就是这题 目--创作的准备的最完美的解答。理论家们从这些文学巨人们的业迹研究分析解释, 写了很多论文,数十万言一厚册,也就是给这题目作注脚。"再次,在写作小说之前,从事 过表达方法的基本练习,并从事过一般散文尤其是速写的写作练习。"一个初学写作者最好 多做些基本练习,不要急于写通常所谓小说,不要急于成篇。所谓基本练习,现在通行的速 写这一体,是可以用的。不过我觉得现今通行的速写还嫌太注重了形式上的完整,俨 然已是成篇的东西,而不是练习的草样了。作为初学写作者的基本练习的速写,不妨只有半 个面孔,或者一双手,一对眼。这应当是学习者观察中恍有所得时勾下来的草样,是将来的 精制品所必需的原料。许多草样斗合起来,融和起来,提炼起来,然后是成篇的小说。"(《茅 盾论创作》第358页)所以,我们要学习写作小说,必须从思想、生活、技巧各个方面下 苦功,打下坚实的基础。当然,对这个问题的认识不能绝对化。这并不是说,我们要等思想、 生活、技巧三关都完全过好之后再进行创作。不少青年作者的经验说明,初学写作者就是要 勇于创作实践,写是最好的基本训练。不要怕失败,失败是成功之母。小说创作和其它文体 的写作一样,没有什么捷径,小说的技巧只有自己从多次实践中逐步摸索出来。别人的技巧, 只能作借鉴,创作还是要靠自己。
二、认识生活,熟悉人物 创作需要生活,对生活不熟悉,不理解,就无法反映和表现生活。社会生活是文学艺术 的源泉,人是社会诸关系的总和,只有熟悉、理解社会生活,才能熟悉、理解各类人物。不 熟悉、不理解各类人物,就无法进行以塑造人物形象为中心的小说写作。茅盾在谈他怎样开 始小说创作时说:"我是真实地去生活、经验了动乱中国的最复杂的人生的一幕,终于得了 幻灭的悲哀,人生的矛盾,在消沉的心情下,孤寂的生活中,而尚受生活执着的支配,想要 以我的生命力的余烬从别方面在这迷乱灰色的人生内发一星微光,于是我开始创作了。我不 是为的要做小说,然后去经验人生。"他还说;"好管闲事是我们做小说的人最要紧的事,你 要去听,要去问。"(《创作的准备》)因此,一个小说作者应像阿·托尔斯泰说的那样:"他 溶化在生活洪流之中,溶化在集体之中;他是一个参加者。"
小说写作需要的生活不是指日常生活、饮食男女之类,能成为小说素材的"生活",至少应该有三个条件:
1.具有较鲜明、生动的形象;
2.具有独特性;
3.具有一定的思想 内涵。因此,当作者在观察生活的时候,无论对人物、对故事、对环境,都应从上述三点出 发,勇敢地扬弃那些琐屑的、纷纷扰扰的"流水帐",抓住真正有用的写作素材,渗透作者 的思想、感情,使生活素材逐渐变成自己的东西。 三、严格选材,深入开掘 1931年,沙汀和艾芜写信给鲁迅,请教短篇小说的题材问题。鲁迅回信说:"只要 所写的是可以成为艺术品的东西,那就无论他所描写的是什么事情,所使用的是什么材料, 对于现代以及将来一定是有贡献的意义的?quot;"两位是可以各就自己现在能写的题材,动手来 写的。不过选材要严,开掘要深,不可将一点琐屑的没有意思的事故,便填成一篇,以创作 丰富自乐。" 高尔基也说过:"在短篇小说中,正如在机器上一样,不应该有一个多余的螺丝钉,尤 其是不应该有多余的零件。" 这就告诉我们,写作短篇小说必须严格选择题材,深入开掘。那末,短篇小说怎样进行题材的选择和主题的开掘呢?
【小说的选材】
短篇小说的选材要做到:
(一)撷新去陈,根据时代需要选材。短篇小说的题材是没有什么限制的,凡是人类涉 足的领域、产生的事件,都可以经过选择作为作品的题材。但是,从美学价值和社会意义来 考虑,我们就必须撷新去陈,尽量选择我们这个时代、这个社会所需要的题材来写。
(二)以小见大,根据体裁特点选材。短篇小说这种体裁的形式特点,要求作者不能象 写长篇小说那样写人生的纵剖面,而必须写人生的横断面,就象是横着锯断一棵树,察看年 轮可以知道树龄一样,短篇小说虽写人生中的一角、一段,也就可以窥见整个人生。鲁迅、 茅盾、巴金等作家为了在短篇小说中反映他们所处的时代,在写作短篇小说时,都是选取主 人公人生道路上的某一段作为题材的。因此,有经验的小说家在谈创作经验时就指出,创作 短篇小说必须善于"截取"、"选择"。如王蒙在《谈短篇小说的创作技巧》中就说过,短篇 小说构思的很重要的一点就是要"从广阔的、浩如烟海的生活事件里,选定你要下手的部位。 它可能是一个精彩的故事,它可能是一个给人留下了深刻印象的人物,它可能是一个美好的 画面,它也可能是深深埋在你的心底的一点回忆,一点情绪,一点印象,而且你自己还一时 说不清楚。这个过程叫作从大到小,从面到点,你必须选择这样一个小,否则,你就无 从构思无从下笔,就会不知道自己写什么。"
(三)扬长避短,根据自己生活选材。一般来说,作者应该写自己熟悉的题材,因为这 些题材是在自己的生活中积累的大量素材的基础上提炼出来的,写起来容易驾驭,而且能写 得生动、深刻。当代小说家中的佼佼者大多是从写自己生活经历中的人和事开始走上小说创 作道路的。 选材是短篇小说写作中的第一个重要的环节。选材的目的在于从大量的素材中选取可以 写入小说中的题材--生活中有典型意义的片断。要达到这个目的,我们必须具有从纷纭的 生活现象中"捕捉"题材的能力。这种"捕捉"生活中有典型意义的片断的能力,对于小说 创作极为重要。茅盾在他的《短篇小说选集后记》中指出:"在横的方面,如果对于社会生 活的各样环节茫然无知;在纵的方面如果对于社会生活的发展方向看不清,那么,你就很少 可能在繁复的社会现象中,恰好地选取了最有代表性、即具有深刻的思想的一事一物,作为 短篇小说的题材。"所以,短篇小说在选材时,不能只着眼于事件的故事性和吸引力,而要 着眼于把生活的侧面、片断放到整个时代的背景上去考察,要把握住社会的"纵"的和"横" 的两个方面,善于从平凡的日常生活现象中捕捉住不平凡的东西,从而由时代和社会的一角 反映出时代和社会的全貌,使读者从生活海洋中的一朵浪花看出奔腾澎湃的大海。
【刻画小说人物】
在写作中,小说人物典型化的具体方法有两种:
第一种,以生活中的某一个原型为主,加以概括、想象和虚构,从而创造出典型人物。 例如,鲁迅的《狂人日记》中的狂人,原型是他的一个表兄弟。鲁迅结合平时对黑暗社会的 多方见闻,改造了这个疯人形象的内容,赋予人物以深刻的社会意义,从而塑造出了狂人这 个艺术典型。
第二种,在广泛地集中、概括众多人物的基础上塑造出典型人物。这就是鲁迅说的"杂 取种种人,合成一个"的方法。巴尔扎克在谈人物塑造时指出:"为了塑造一个美丽的形象, 就取这个模特儿的手,取另一个模特儿的脚,取这个的胸,取那个的骨。艺术家的使命就是 把生命灌注到所塑造的人体里去把描给变成现实。如果他只是想去临摹一个现实的女人,那 么他的作品就不能引起人们的兴趣,读者干脆就会把这未加修饰的真实扔到一边去。"
在刻划小说人物时,还应注意以下三个问题:
(一)小说中的人物和真实人物不同。他是作者虚构的,而这种虚构的人物来自小说作 者的心灵之中,是融有作者的血肉、灵魂、性格、气质的"臆造"的人物。小说中的人物生 活在小说的国度里,这个国度是一个叙述者与创造者合而为一的世界。英国小说家福斯特在 《小说面面观》中指出:小说人物在人生中的五项主要活动--出生、饮食、睡眠、爱情和 死亡等方面,都有不同于真实人物的特点。只要他了解他们透彻入理,只要他们是他的创作 物,他就有权要怎么写就怎么写。这就说明:小说人物由于是作者展开想象、通过虚构创造 的,因此他不同于生活中的真实人物。学习小说写作,不能不首先明白这个问题。
(二)小说人物与作者自我之间是一种既矛盾又统一的关系。莫泊桑在《谈小说创作》中告 诉我们:作者写的不管是什么人物,"我们所表现的终究是我们自己","我们要使人物各各 不同,就只有改变他们的年龄、性别、社会地位和我们自我的生活情况,这自我是 大自然用不可越逾的器官限制所形成的。""要使读者在我们用来隐藏自我的各种面具下 不能把这自我辨认出来,这才是巧妙的手法。"
(三)小说人物的个性特征需要通过真实的细节描写体现出来。在小说写作中,细节描 写对人物的个性化具有头等重要的意义。真实的典型的细节首先是行动方面的,也可以是语 言方面的,或者是心理活动方面的,以及其它方面的。作家刘真从创作中体会到:"作品中 的细节,就象活人身上的细胞,是艺术作品的灵魂,所谓作品的高度,深度,是由它的细部 来决定的。""一个细节很难构成一篇小说,可它常常是一篇小说的引线或基础。"
【构思故事,安排情节】
"故事是小说的基本面,没有故事就没有小说。这是所有小说都具有的最高要素。小说家的技巧首先在于会说故事。"
故事是什么呢?"故事是一些按时间顺序排列的事件的叙述--早餐后中餐,星期一后 是星期二,死亡后腐烂等等。就故事在小说中的地位而言,它只有一个优点:使读者想要知 道下一步将发生什么。……故事虽是最低下和最简陋的文学肌体,却是小说这种非常复杂肌 体中的最高因素。"
然而,初学写作者必须了解,小说的故事和一般意义上的故事是有很大区别的。小说的 故事都是虚构的,但是这种虚构--臆造由于作者充分发挥了想象,并进行了巧妙的组织, 读者会觉得比现实生活中的事件还要真实可信。当然,发挥想象构思故事绝对不是毫无根据 地胡思乱想,胡编瞎造,而是以现实生活中的矛盾冲突作 为构成作品情节的基础,从错综复杂的矛盾冲突和形形色色的生活事件中,选取最能展示人 物性格的事件,经过提炼的加工改造的功夫,构成富有表现力的情节。这种提炼的加工改造, 就是情节典型化的过程。
以上的小说写作基础知识你get到了吗?
篇12:高中英语的作文:我的考试经验
全文共 647 字
+ 加入清单My Experience In Examination
In my opinion, examinations are one of the important activities in school life. I have gone through all sorts of examinations since my primary school. I have tasted the flavor of happiness and sadness.
Before examinations I always have a hard time and don't know what to do.During examinations I feel nervous and sometimes my mind becomes blank Only after examinations does the world seem to be bright again and am I brimming with vigor. We often complain that our teachers make trouble for us on purpose. But it is not true. The fact is that examinations are just a way to-help us do better in our study.
篇13:高中学习生活英语作文
全文共 901 字
+ 加入清单As a Senior Grade Three students, I am very busy in preparing for the college entrance examination. I have seven classes a day, and two self-study classes at night. And only a day left for the weekend. So, most of the time I have to spend on the study, after all the college entrance examination is very important for almost all of us. Aside of study, I would play football with my friends after school and the weekend. I like playing football very much. When I run on the football field, I can put the examination thing off my mind for a while, only sweat and laugh left. It is a good exercise for health and a good way to relax from the busy study too. This is my high school life, busy and fulfilling.
作为一个高三的学生,我忙于为高考做准备。我一天有7节课,还有两节晚自习。周末只剩下一天。所以,我把大部分时间都花在学习上,毕竟高考对我们大多数人来说都十分重要。除了学习,我会在放学后以及周末跟我的朋友一起踢足球。我非常喜欢踢足球。当我在足球场上奔跑的时候,我可以暂时将考试的事情抛之脑后,只剩下汗水和欢笑。这对健康是个很好的锻炼,也是一个学习之余很好的放松方式。这就是我的高中生活,忙碌而充实。
篇14:提高网络安全的高中英语作文篇
全文共 769 字
+ 加入清单How to improve network security
As time goes ongoing surfing on the Internet become more and more popular.It is a new phenomenon and sounds an alarm (for online security ).
Network security cover anti- virus network security and hacker protection . Together with the technology of Access Control redundant backup recovery and network security it makes an allround security system . Many companies devote to the information security technology and product research and development production and sales providing advanced network security solutions . Firewall just is an effective measure of network security .如何提高网络安全
随着时间的推移,上网冲浪变得越来越流行,这是一个新的现象,听起来是一个警钟(在线安全)。
网络安全覆盖防病毒、网络安全和黑客保护。结合访问控制技术、冗余备份恢复、网络安全,它使一个全面的安全系统。许多公司致力于信息安全技术和产品的研发、生产和销售,提供先进的网络安全解决方案。防火墙只是是网络安全的一种有效措施。
篇15:英语写作经典英语句子集锦
全文共 3487 字
+ 加入清单下面是语文迷网为大家整理的一些英语写作常用的句子,希望对你有帮助。
1、Time flies.
时光易逝。
2、Time is money.
一寸光阴一寸金。
3、Time and tide wait for no man.
岁月无情;岁月易逝;岁月不待人。
4、Time tries all.
时间检验一切。
5、Time tries truth.
时间检验真理。
6、Time past cannot be called back again.
光阴一去不复返。
7、All time is no time when it is past.
光阴一去不复返。
8、No one can call back yesterday;Yesterday will not be called again.
昨日不复来。
9、Tomorrow comes never.
切莫依赖明天。
10、One today is worth two tomorrows.
一个今天胜似两个明天。
11、The morning sun never lasts a day.
好景不常;朝阳不能光照全日。
12、Christmas comes but once a year.
圣诞一年只一度。
13、Pleasant hours fly past.
快乐时光去如飞。
14、Happiness takes no account of time.
欢娱不惜时光逝。
15、Time tames the strongest grief.
时间能缓和极度的悲痛。
16、The day is short but the work is much.
工作多,光阴迫。
17、Never deter till tomorrow that which you can do today.
今日事须今日毕,切勿拖延到明天。
18、Have you somewhat to do tomorrow,do it today.
明天如有事,今天就去做。
19、To him that does everything in its proper time,one day is worth three.
事事及时做,一日胜三日。
20、To save time is to lengthen life.
节省时间就是延长生命。
21、Everything has its time and that time must be watched.
万物皆有时,时来不可失。
22、Take time when time cometh,lest time steal away.
时来必须要趁时,不然时去无声息。
23、When an opportunity is neglected,it never comes back to you.
机不可失,时不再来;机会一过,永不再来。
24、Make hay while the sun shines.
晒草要趁太阳好。
25、according to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查,每年有4 000 000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
26、although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
27、an increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
28、in fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.事实上,我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
28、in the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去的几十年,先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活得时间更长成为可能。
30、in view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施。
31、it is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
32、many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康
33、many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person’s physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
34、no invention has received more praise and abuse than internet.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评
35、no one can deny the fact that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.没有人能否认:教育是人生最重要的一方面。
36、people equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
37、people seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
38、proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
39、the latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感
40、the majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
篇16:考研英语:应用文写作之感谢信
全文共 2273 字
+ 加入清单大纲对应用文写作的评价目标是:考生应能根据所设情景,写出不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。写作时。考生应能:
1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确、用词恰当;
2)遵循文章的特定问题格式;
3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;
4)根据写作目的和特定读者,选用恰当语域。
应用文写作不需要华丽的辞藻和多变的句式,只需要能够用简洁概括的语言将事情叙述清楚就能够取得不错的成绩。应用文写作作为考研英语中性价比比较高的题目,考生必须重视对其复习。应用文写作可以充分借鉴模板,以达到更好的复习效果。下面,就为考生介绍一下感谢信的基本写作方法。
感谢信的目的是感激对方为自己的付出,感激之情要传达得真挚自然,不要刻意夸大。感谢信所涉及的内容多种多样,比如可以感谢对方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦时安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴会等等。其内容包括:1)表达感激之情2)回顾事情的经过 3)肯定对方帮助的价值以及对自己的影响,表达自己回报的愿望。
常用套语有:
1表达感激之情:
Thanks so much for…;Abundant thanks to … for…
Im writing to express my heartfelt thanks for …
On behalf of my whole family, I wish to extend our heartfelt thanks for all the trouble you had taken in …I must write to thank you for inviting me to…
2肯定对方帮助的价值及影响:
You will never know how much we appreciated your kind and practical help. Your …meant more than I can express in words. Nothing can be more precious for me than your…
3表达回报的愿望:
I hope I can return the favor someday … Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. 感谢信中比较特殊是求职者面试后给面试官写的信。
此类感谢信的内容不只是感谢,而是一般感谢信和求职信的结合。其主要内容包括:(1)感谢对方给你面谈的机会,并注明你面试的时间和所求的职位;(2) 说明你对该公司、该职位的兴趣,强调你的知识与技能符合公司的需要,表示自己能为公司的发展做出贡献。也可以补充说明或澄清在面谈中忽略或没有讲明的问题 (3)重申你对该职位的兴趣,主动提供更多的材料,表示期待他们的消息。
Directions: You have just attended an interview in Apfel Incorporated for the position of marketing analyst. Write a letter of appreciation to the interviewer Mr. David Wayne. Your letter should include the following points:
1) express your appreciation for the interview
2) tell about your job-related skills and experience
实例:
Dear Mr. Wayne,
Thank you very much for taking the time from your busy schedule last Friday to interview me for the marketing analyst position at Apfel Incorporated. After our meeting, I am convinced that your company is an excellent place for my career.
I am extremely excited about the position and believe that my skills are a good match for the company. As you may remember, I completed a project that is similar in nature to the work I
would be doing at your company. I believe that I could make an immediate contribution to Apfel Incorporated.
Please let me know if I can provide you with any additional information about my background or goals. My email address is LiMing@yahoo.com, and my phone number is 12345678. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Sincerely,
Li Ming
篇17:高中话题写作方法与技巧
全文共 2017 字
+ 加入清单导语:如何写好高中作文,对于学生作文的写作基础也要好好的训练,以下是小编为大家分享的高中话题写作方法与技巧,欢迎借鉴!
摘 要:从生活体验、增加阅读量、思想角度、表达能力和文章结构等方面阐述了如何写好命题作文的方法和技巧。围绕命题作文的趋势和特点,对高中生如何写好命题作文提供了很好的参考方向。
关键词:命题作文;感悟;阅读个性;表达能力
近些年话题作文一直是高考的作文主流,可以说是称霸“考坛”,因此,是平时作文训练的重点。笔者认为,话题作文大大增强了对学生语言表达能力、分析概括能力以及个性思维能力的要求。只有敏锐的洞察力、较高的概括与表达能力以及真正属于自己的思想与体悟,才能较好地具体操作一个话题,因此,对处于对人生理解还在起步阶段的中学生来说,如何写好话题作文是一个很有研究价值的课题,在此笔者简单提供以下几点写作方法与技巧以供参考。
一、体味生活,感悟人生
我们都知道思想离不开生活,一切皆从生活中来,一切也皆将回归生活,话题作文中的话题也更是如此,它们有的是对世界本质的反思,有的是要表达人们的一种愿望或想象,在课改教材中,这一部分内容也倍受重视,更有对人生经历、生命内涵的体悟。
话题作文是要求学生对身边的一切都有敏锐的感悟力的一种作文形式,虽然它看似没有任何硬性要求,但学生的分数这些年来却呈下降趋势,这说明话题文比人们想象中的要难得多,中学生还处在人生旅程的起始阶段,必须培养自己在这个人生阶段的独特视角与感悟力。每个人只要细心观察,都可以轻易地从中领会出自己的真谛。因此,想写出一篇出彩的话题文,就必须善于观察生活、分析生活、总结生活。
二、认真阅读教材,同时尽量增加课外阅读量,从而积累词汇与语言,善于调遣各种知识储备
积累词汇的方法有许多种,当然最主要同时也是最重要的途径莫过于阅读书籍。书籍是人类的精神食粮,是千百年来人类圣哲思想的经典总汇,因此,要尽量增加自己的课外阅读量,多读些经典名著,陶冶自己的情操,认识这个世界。
有的学生课业繁重,对于课外阅读恐怕是有心无力,这也不要紧,每个学生身边都有一份非常好的阅读资料,那就是人手必备的语文教材。教材可以说是无数教育学家按照学生心理年龄与认知水平而打造出的完全符合其自身智力与能力发展的呕心之作,因此,只要能够有效地利用好自己的教材,调动多年学校学到的知识,那么成为一个有思想且能够出口成章的儒林学士则不成问题。
三、要有质疑与批判精神,只要思想积极,就要忠于自己的情感与体悟,勇敢、尽情地表达自己对世界、社会、历史、人生以及未来等的见解
这一点可以说是话题作文的本质所在,它没有固定的要求,却有最佳的选择角度,那就是理智、积极、个性、真实,而这所有的种种却又都取决于真实,如果你敢于把自己真实的想法付于笔纸,那么“文情并茂”中的“情”就可以轻易地表达了,而一篇优秀的文章也会“接近”完成。
但要注意的是个性并不等于不同,批判也并不是叛逆,两者不可混淆,不能一味地用“异于常人”作为个性的最佳代言,也切忌用叛逆来代替批判精神,这样很容易步入阅读与写作的误区。对理解文意毫无帮助,也最终会导致思维的一种批判模式,一旦这种模式在其心中根深蒂固,那么不仅会影响其阅读写作,其一生也终将活在吹毛求疵的误区中。
四、发挥自己形象思维的特长,经常练笔,挖掘自身的述说能力,从而写出真正符合自己特点的话题作文
在现实的作文写作中经常有这样一种怪现象,有很多学生在进行写作时,心中明明已满载乾坤,等到真正落笔时却词不达意,文章显得苍白无力,这种表达能力的缺乏必须经过“艰苦”的练笔来克服。我们现在的学生一般在小学阶段就开始接触作文,而所写的作文一般都是具有强烈叙事色彩的记叙文,因此,对于一个学生来说形象思维能力在小学阶段就得到了一定的锻炼,相对于议论思辨等能力来说具有更多的优势,因此,学生只要有意识地练习写作或诵读片段式记叙文(或称作叙事散文)、微型小说、故事、童话、寓言以及抒情散文等,就能够比较轻松地增强自己的表达能力,从而达到“我手写我口”的境界。
五、掌握最基本的一种话题作文结构,即“三段式”结构
在初中阶段学生在尽量提升作文布局的同时,必须掌握话题文,也同样适用于议论文与记叙文的一种基本结构形式,那就是
“总—分—总”结构,也可以说是“凤头、猪肚、豹尾”结构。初中语文教材上的课文范文,70%以上都是这种三段式结构,熟练地掌握这种文章结构,不但可以作为写文章的基本保证,而且当学生随着年龄的增长,认知能力进一步发展,对文章的理解达到更高一层的境界时,自然就会举一反三,以此为基础写出更多优异结构的美文了。
总的来说,提高话题作文的写作能力,只有教师平时多关注社会动态,感悟生活,再综合多方面的方法和技巧,方能写出精彩,写出创新!
参考文献:
[1]何雨蓉。高考语文作文命题分析与对策研究[D]。东北师范大学,2012.
[2]郝玲君。高中作文有效教学指导策略和原则[D]。河北师范大学,2012.
篇18:初中英语作文题目
全文共 618 字
+ 加入清单Transportation has been greatly changed in the past few years. In ancient
days, people used to travel by horse or carriage. The journey was often tiring
and tedious. Then people had buses, trains and ships, which could shorten the
time of the long-distance trip. Now we have not only more private cars, but also
planes and high-speed rails. All of these modern transports could offer us a
quick and pleasant travel. Thus, more and more people enjoy traveling very much
these days. In conclusion, modern transportation has completely changed our
life. Thanks to modern transportation, our world is becoming smaller and
smaller.
篇19:高中英语书信类作文的万能模板投诉信
全文共 571 字
+ 加入清单示例:
Dear_______,
I am . (自我介绍) I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about_______.
The reason for my dissatisfaction is _______(总体介绍). In the first
place,_________(抱怨的第一个方面). In addition,____________(抱怨的第二个方面). Under these circumstances, I find it ___(感觉) to ___________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).
I appreciate it very much if you could________(提出建议和请求), preferably __________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ______(设定解决事情最后期限).Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely
Li Ming
篇20:买菜高中英语作文
全文共 707 字
+ 加入清单Buying Vegetables
This morning I got up early and went to the market to buy some vegetables instead my mother for the first time.
The market was very crowded and busy with nearly all kinds of goods on display. Some sellers were shouting at the top of their voice to attract the attention of the people. Housewives were picking out vegetables and bargaining with the sellers. A man was selling fresh fish, which were swimming in a big basin, and a lot of buyers crowded around it and chose what they wanted. One fruit seller, standing behind piles of fresh fruit, greeted me Warmly, trying to persuade me to buy some. He felt a little disappointed when I shook my head.
What a busy and noisy market! (128 words)