小学英语课堂有效性实施策略研究合集20篇

4月19日中午，小记者自然课堂系列活动再次走进了第一实验小学电子报告厅。

中午12点，我和同班小记者兴致勃勃地来到学校电子报告厅，参加主题为《田田的蚕宝宝＞＞的课堂教育活动。首先地瓜老师向我们讲述了蚕的生长过程，告诉我们蚕的一生虽然要经过蚕卵、蚁蚕、蚕宝宝、蚕茧、蚕蛾等阶段，但是整个生命只有短短的40多天。桑叶是蚕宝宝的主要粮食，在蚕的一生中，给蚕宝宝喂食要特别注意。地瓜老师告诉我们一定要把桑叶洗干净，擦干后再一条一条地撕开，否则蚕宝宝很容易夭折。蚕宝宝长大后就会吐丝成蚕茧，地瓜老师告诉我们今天人们穿的丝棉棉袄，盖的丝棉棉被都是蚕宝宝吐的丝翻制而成。

这时我感到蚕宝宝是多么的伟大啊！在短暂的生命里，把自己最美好的东西无私奉献给了人们，自己却早早地结束了生命。

最后，地瓜老师给每位小记者发了蚕卵，大家如同得到了宝贝似的小心翼翼地带回去。我想我一定会好好地把蚕宝宝养大，好好地观察蚕宝宝的一生，并且要向它们学习，将来做一个对社会有用的人。

昨天上午我们正在上课，突然老师的手机响了，老师接过电话后说要出去几分钟，全班同学忍着兴奋，因为大家都知道，马上就可以在班级里玩了。

当老师离开以后，为确保真实性，高潇同学先去侦察一下，几秒钟后，高潇眉飞色舞地对全班同学说：“老师已不在，大家随便随便。”这时全班同学把蕴藏在心里的那股劲一下子爆发出来，就好像他们的小宇宙爆发了一样。大家开始各做各的事，有人下象棋，有人打扑克牌，还有人随便乱画……全班乱成了一锅粥。

同学们虽然玩得很火，但警惕性还是很高的，为了防止老师搞突然袭击，大家轮流换岗。

所以同学们一点顾忌都没有。

坐在我后面的两位同学正聊得开心，

其中一个说：“你玩CF吗?”

另一个说：“当然。”

“你知道我玩哪一关最厉害吗?告诉你是雷霆塔，我的一个朋友发给我一个软件，只要一玩那关，一直按T，就可以一直使用榴弹枪，也不会被封号。”

“切，我直接拿拳套硬打，把他们给打死了。”

“这也带!也太赖了。”

这时放哨的人回来说：“警戒。”全班同学立刻打扫战场，整理课桌，拿出书本，几分钟后教室里又恢复认真学习的样子了。

一次有趣的课堂小插曲就这样不漏痕迹地过去了。

Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden

City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and

Confucius-commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost

efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without their physical form of

existence, they are in greater risk of extinction.

According to UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible

Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore,

performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and

various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as

intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of

ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in

intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the

historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity.

Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we

would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.

However, the modernization process poses mounting threats to intangible

heritages. Many people have a blind faith in the latest electronic devices. It

is also pathetic to see elderly people in possession of such legacies pass away

without transmitting them to the younger generation. Faced with those

challenges, we should both preserve and renovate our ancestral heritages so that

we can help contribute to the cultural diversity of the world and return to our

spiritual homeland in this age of impersonal science and technology.

导语：地球上的水并不是很多，我们必须节约用水。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Water is very important for us. We must drink water everyday. We cant live withoutwater.

水对我们很重要。我们必须每天喝水。没有水我们就不能生存。

Water is everywhere around us. At home, we use water to wash clothes, wash dishes, cook rice, clean the flat, have showers, clean our teeth and so on. At work, people use water to put out fires, grow vegetables, make things in factories and so on. Water is important for us, isnt it?

我们周围到处都有水。在家里，我们用水来洗衣服，刷盘子，煮米饭，擦地板，冲凉，刷牙等等。工作的时候，人们用水来灭火，种菜，在工厂里制造东西等等。水对我们很重要，不是吗?

There isnt much water on the earth. It is not inexhaustible. It is very valuable. We must to save it.

地球上的水并不是很多。塔并不是用之不竭的。它很宝贵。我们必须节约用水。

During the winter vacation, I was idle at home and went to grandmas home to play.

When she came to grandmas house, I saw that grandma was making a fire. I saw it soon, and I wanted to try. So I said to the granny who was burning, "grandma, let me make a fire!" Did not think of grandma unexpectedly categorically said: "no.!" Do not change this trick: "grandma, my grandmother, let me try it, just a minute!" Grandma could not resist my persistence, readily agreed. So I took the match immediately and sat in front of the kitchen.

"Chi", lit, a gentle and brilliant light. I immediately took a straw like something lit into the kitchen. Im afraid the fire will go out soon, so I put a lot of firewood in. "Wow," the fire suddenly busy up, but soon went out, but also emitting a smell of smoke, choking me coughing. So I said, "the country and the city are not the same, and even a gas stove is not!" After that, I lit a match and threw it in. But it soon went out. The smoke not only did not dissipate, but it was thicker. I cant eat this time, choking out of the kitchen. Grandma washing meters, see my gray appearance, smiled and said: "who said the fire must be good?" As my grandmother said that, my head went down involuntarily. But I immediately regain confidence: "a word can never be withdrawn." said we should do. I must have a good fire! " So I went to the front of the kitchen, and then, I learned the old people to take a fan with a fan. There was no smoke, but the smoother was smaller. Not easy to fan the fire, open the pot to see, the rice just put in. So I had to pick up the fan and fan it again.

When I went home that day, my face had already become a big face in Beijing Opera!

Our classroom is bright and clean. But it is not big. There are twenty-three desks and chairs in it. They are new. Theres a big desk in front of the classroom. Its for our teachers.There are five pictures on the right wall. Theres a map of the world and a map of China on the left wall.

Beside the window theres a bookshelf. There are many books on it. Our classroom is very nice. We have lessons here. We like our classroom.

March 5th is my birthday.Its also a special day to memorize a great person

-- Lei Feng. This year I celebrated my birthday in a different way. In the

morning, I got up early and cooked breakfast for my parents. At school, I helped

my desk-mates to repair their broken chairs.After school, I took my birthday

cake to the home for the aged. The old men were so happy to see me. All o~ them

hoped that I would be back again.What a joyful birthday it was!

那是我第一次过圣诞节，朋友带我去参加圣诞舞会，在舞会上我们跳舞、唱圣诞歌，我也认识了一些其他朋友，我们相互交换礼物并互道祝福，我过得很愉快。

That was the first time that I celebated Christmas Day。 My friend aksed me to take part in Christmas party. At the party we danced and celebrated with carols. I knew some new friends. We exchanged gifts and said best wishes to each other. I had a pleasant time.

英语学习作为一门语言类的学科，在学习过程中必然存在许多困惑与不解，与此同时，从英语作为一门专业性的课程这一点来看，英语专业的莘莘学子们自然而然也会遇到一系列凶猛的拦路虎，尤其是对于像我这样基础薄弱的学生来说，英语简直就一块硬到不能再硬的大骨头，我们除了用努力与拼搏铺出一条康庄大道来之外，还需要利用坚定的毅力，永不服输，永不言弃的信念来造就一个专属于自己的英语前景。总而言之，英语学习是一个任重道远的过程，而在这个过程中必然会会充满汗水与泪水，交织着痛苦与辛酸。接下来我就根据自己在英语学习中的实际情况以及自己在英语学习上的不足之处，给大家介绍五个可行性强，可塑性强且实用好用的英语学习方法。

常言道"兴趣是最好的老师"，学习英语也好，学习其他技能也罢，我们首先要做的就是努力培养自己对英语的兴趣。对相对而言比较枯燥的英语学习来说，一旦没有兴趣，那就不会有持续的干劲和动力，那英语学习也将很难坚持下去。反之，一旦你对英语有了兴趣并努力地发展这一兴趣，那么我们就会带着强烈的欲望去读英语，听英语，说英语，写英语，也会积极主动地去找老师与同学去练英语，会找一切可以提高我们英语的机会去提高我们自己的英语水平。所以说"兴趣"对学好英语有举足轻重的作用。

从简单到复杂，从基本到精通，任何语言的学习都必须经历一个循序渐进的过程。听说读写都要从零开始，我们必须一步一个脚印，从基本功做起，常言道，师傅领进门，修行在个人，我们不能一味依赖老师，相反，我们要通过自己的努力，从简单的开始，从基本的入门，从而进一步产生兴趣，从始至终地把事情进行下去。总而言之，我们在英语学习探索与学习中一定要遵守循序渐进的规则，切记一口吃不成一个胖子，我们一定要下足功夫，这样才能有所成。学会容易的东西，并把容易的东西融会贯通地加以运用才是英语学习的关键所在。

语言学习最看重的就是积累，最基本的就在于量，总之，看的越多越好，听的越多越通，读的愈多愈好，写的更多更精。当然英语学习只有泛读与泛听是远远不够的，我们最好要精读、精听、精说，正所谓没有量的变化，就不会有质的飞跃，我们一定要有足够的单词储备，足够多的听力锻炼，足够多的写作训练，这样持之以恒下去，我们才能真正有所得。比如学习英语阅读，如果没有读到足够多的数量，就无法熟练地阅读各种英语素材。同理而言，若要学习听力，那就大量地听各种磁带，听英语广播，看英语电视，看英文电影；如要要学习英语口语，那就尽量多说英文，多与人交流。学习英语不能太急于求成，金字塔的魅力就在于它完美的建筑结构。有宽广深厚的基础，才能造就塔尖的辉煌。只要我们达到了一定的量，到这时候我们在一步步把感觉上升到理念，将理念融入到自己的思维中，那么英语就能水到渠成，运用自如了。

重复是人记忆的最重要途径，重复会使我们把单词记得准确，也会让我们慢慢深刻理解英语的本质与内在规律。在英语学习过程中的任一项技能：阅读、听力、口语、写作，都必须在量的原则的基础上，再反复重复，这样才能把英语学得通透。在英语这慢慢学海之中，我们既要有数量的积累，

学习学习，第一步自然就是要主动去学，然后就是要在学习过程中不断积累经验与教训，总结出一套适合自己的学习方法。教育家赫伯格·乔伊曾说过：“21世纪的文盲，不再是目不识丁的人，而是不会学习的人。”这说明了学习方法的重要性。我们要知道，学习方法是贯穿学习始终的，只要掌握了好的学习方法，就等于掌握了开启知识宝库的钥匙，就能更好的实现自己的理想，走上成功之路。英语学习确实是一个条满布荆棘的道路，我们一定要有恒心，有决心，有毅力，当然，我也希望自己这些血与泪的教训能对英语学习者起到一定作用。

Childhood is like a book, it records many of our stories, some stories with the passage of time gradually forgotten, but one thing makes me unforgettable.

Remember that it was a Sunday morning, I am a man at home I finished homework, playing a computer, and saw a TV, it felt very boring. And then I walked in the house and circle, I saw the house did not wash the bowl and plate, suddenly feel that they grew up, should help my mother to do something.

I first poured a pot of lukewarm water, and then pour the detergent with a hand to stir, put the bowl, greasy bowl, then I thought: "so much, when the dishwashing! "

When I wash the speed is very slow, I take a rag soaked with water, and then wipe the bowl, so a carefully washed. But when the last one, because the plate is too slippery, accidentally fell to the ground, and fell "broken."

My mother came home from work, I walked slowly, whispered to the mother said: "Mom, Im sorry, I wanted to help you do some chores, but the plate broke the." Mom looked and said: "Nothing, son Also know to help her mother to do the family thing, really grow up. "I heard than honey is also sweet.

Some people think that there is a toy is happy; some people think that playing happy; but I think to help adults do some of the things that can be the most happy!

Today is sunday may 25 20xx.i go to the zoo whit my friends.the weather is sunny and cool!look!the elephants are drinking water.the birds are flying,the tiger is walking with lion.look at the river !

the fish are swimming in the water . the mokeys are swinging .oh no!the weather is terrible.it’s rainy. we are go home watch tv and play the game!i very not happy!

There are various emotions in the world. People need valuable emotions

which can support them both in mind and in life. Friendship is one of the most

vital emotions.

It is not easy to deal with friendship. As for friendship, sometimes you

and your friend may meet difficulties. Trust is the most remarkable trait of

forever friendship. Trust plays a very important role in daily communication. As

the saying goes, “Between friends all is common.” Furthermore, tolerance is also

a considerable factor in remaining good friendship. If your friend makes a

mistake accidentally, you should have largeness of mind. Friendship is too

precious. When we face some misunderstandings, we need to make joint efforts to

protect our friendship. We should not give up friendship at random. We should

treat our friends as treasures.

Friendship is so pure, clear and beautiful. We cannot be lack of friendship

in our life. Try our best to insist our trust in making friends.

Last week, I visited the geological museum with my best friend, Liu Bing.

It was my first time to go there. The moment we arrived there, we found that the

building was grand. When we walked into it, there was a big hall in front of us.

And then there were several rooms to show different kinds objects. There was a

room for collecting scripts and paintings. There was another room to store

clothes and shoes in the old times. The next room was for collecting the daily

necessities in the old days. In a word, all the things in it had a long history.

I learnt some knowledge from it.

Since the first supermarket emerged fifty years ago, it has become the most popular shopping center in many large cities around the world. In China, supermarkets enjoy an increasing popularity among city dwellets, especially the common people with low incomes.

Compared with other types of stores, supermarkets are getting popular for several reasons. First, fewer employees are required in supermarkets and management cost is reduced. Second, almost all goods are shipped directly from the producers and sold at considerably cheaper prices. Lastly, in supermarkets,ahnost every kind of daily necessity is available and placed on open shelves, so the customers can choose whatever they want from their shopping list and take the items to the checkout counter easily. As a result, instead of visiting many stores, customers can get the tiring shopping task done quickly and feel relaxed. What is more,many supermarkets stay open very late at night, and provide large parking spaces.

In the last few years, supermarkets have mushroomed in Beijing and many other large cities in China. The conffort, economy and convenience of shopping in supermarkets please Chinese customers very much; and the supermarkets, steadily gaining popularity, are doing booming business in China.

I had a lovely little white rabbit, it was long with a pair of long ears, red eyes like two rubies, a pink little nose, smooth very, under the nose there is a three mouth, mouth In the long two white teeth, the body of the hair like a large cashmere, his front legs are relatively short retreat relatively long. There is a short tail behind the ass, very beautiful!

Every morning, I am prepared to ask the mysterious guests breakfast, who do you guess I told you that is the lovely little rabbit, I took out his favorite carrots and leaves, it went to her door to the leaves Put it in the bowl, and said loudly: "Come on, come out to eat." Soon it will come out, I want to give it a joke, I picked up the leaves, it desperately pull, who knows me Let go, just hear "when" it fell a four feet overturned, funny I laughed, it relish to eat up.

I like this cute little white rabbit.

一天很快又将过去

总得去理一理

快乐的笑容

不知飘在哪里

你要悄悄问问自己

总得要去理一理

……

这是偶尔在网上看到的某一小学勉励孩子们的一首小诗。该校的理念是：让学生学会学习，让孩子每天像整理家务一样整理自己的学业。

此次活动的时间虽然不长，为了不让我的感触悄悄溜走，我也试着去问自己，我确实需要去理一理我对本次活动的思考与反思。

此次活动的主题是文本重构。先由新联小学的莫艳芬老师上一节汇报课，内容是PEP教材五年级下册Unit 4的 What are you doing?的对话课，随后，张凝老师为我们作了点评，并就文本重构为我们作了精彩而实用的讲座。

本次教研活动，让我感叹最深的是：教师能走多远，学生就能走多远！在平时的对话教学中，我们应该为学生创设一个又一个贴近生活，真实有趣的情境。只有有效的情境创设，才能让学生有重大突破的可能，由老师逼着说转化为情境使然，乐意说。也只有基于文本基础的情境创设才是有效的，才可以优化语言的输出。在充分考虑教学各环节的设计下，让学生的语言是有意义的，让学生的语言是有情感的。由此可见，创造语境乃是英语对话教学的一大核心，如何创造有效的语言情境也是我们面临的一大难题。只重情境再造，而忽略的文本重构，往往会造成教材文本情境的浪费。而张凝老师的讲座，清晰地向我们验证了：教师有多远，学生就能走多远！

反思一：如何创设语言情境，优化语言输出

在英语教学中，要优化语言输出必定离不开优质的语言输入。这种输入必须基于教学目标，合理创设语言情境，才可以让学生更好地接受。而听了张凝老师的讲座，引发了我的诸多思考，如何创设语言情境，优化语言输出，我们需要做到以下三点：一是给学生搭建一个基于文本的语言支架。二是给学生提供基于学情得语料。可以根据学生的兴趣爱好进行补充，可以激活学生的旧知，可以参考学生的生活经验，还可以从学生的心灵体验出发……三是教师要给学生展示各色各样的范本。最简单的莫过于诵读示范了，还可以进行表演示范和体态语的示范。总之，在创设情境时，要多关注学生的心灵，倾听学生的心声，学生需要的，适合学生的才是最好的。

反思三：如何做最好的自己？

课堂上，我必须有一个清晰的自我定位。如果连自己都无法认清自己在课堂上的地位，还怎么去教学生呢？如果自己都感到迷惑了，感到痛苦了，那么很有可能把学生也弄迷惑了，害惨了。教师不仅仅是教案的执行者，更要做一个明白人？

在平时，要极力做一名反思型教师。反思是一种美德，学会自我反思是一个老师的必备素质。两千多年前的孔夫子的就我们教导“吾日三醒吾身”，可见不断反思，才能逐渐进步。

最后引用李开复博士的一句话：“有勇气来改变可以改变的事情，有胸怀来接受不可改变的事情，有智慧来分辨两者的不同”，做最好的自己，做快乐的自己，相信自己一定可以成功！

My mother tall tall, black hair, white face, my mother still have a pair of bright eyes, in my eyes my mother is the most beautiful.

Once I went to the store to see a colorful rope skipping, I liked it very much. I said to my mother, "I like the rope skipping, and I want to buy it." Mother said, "You do not have one, can not be so wasteful." I thought I had to get that rope, one day, I "My mother is very happy to give me money, but I did not buy text, but I bought the favorite rope skipping, it hidden in my bag."

Later, my mother helped me when finishing the bag when found that rope skipping, fiercely criticized me: "Why do you want to lie?" I scared to cry, this time, my mother came to comfort me said: "Do not cry , Know the wrong change is a good boy "You see my mother is not a harsh and kindly good mother?

Since then, I have never said a lie, I love my mother!

课堂就像一条船，老师在大风大浪里，满载着知识和力量驶进同学们那一个个心灵的港湾。课堂就像一把锁，老师带了许多适合每一个同学的钥匙，巧妙地用这些钥匙去开启每一个同学的心窍。

老师在课堂里的亲切话语像那早晨的甘露，滋润着我们这些祖国的花朵。潜移默化，铸就了我们的一颗颗诚实、勤奋、善良的心。在课堂里老师孜孜不倦的教诲，像那播种机，不断地在我们心田里撒下理想和知识的种子。老师的话儿不多，份量却很重，“学而不厌，诲人不倦。”学而不厌是好学生，诲人不倦是好老师。“上课!”老师走到讲台前，一扬头，只听“唰”地一声，全班同学齐崭崭站着，静得连吸气的声音都听得清清楚楚。“老师好!”这声音那么自然，那么清脆，那么响亮，在课堂里久久回荡。

我喜欢我的课堂，因为在课堂上老师很认真，我们很快乐，我在课堂上真是太幸福了!

Summer comes after spring. It is the hottest season in the year. It often rains, sometimes It rains quite heavily. Everything grows very quickly.

Young people love this time of year because it is good for sports .I often go swimming ,sometimes in the sea near my home, and sometimes in the in the swiiming pool. In summer I can also eat all kinds of fruit and vegetables. I can have a long summer vacation,too.

I enjoy summer very much.

春天过后是夏天。这是一年中最热的季节。经常下雨，有时雨下得很大。万物生长得很快。

年轻人喜欢一年中的这个时候，因为它对运动有益。我经常去游泳，有时在我家附近的海里游泳，有时在游泳池里游泳。夏天我也可以吃各种各样的水果和蔬菜。我也可以有一个漫长的暑假。

我非常喜欢夏天。

如果每次学生有了创造的火花，有了有价值的生成，而教师给他的则是失望和不能满足的信息，学生的主动、积极思维就会被磨灭，这样对学生的培养显然也是一句空话。以下是小编给大家整理的有关课堂的预设与生成小学数学论文的内容，欢迎大家查看。

课堂教学活动是面对着不同个性的生命体，它又是充满活力的生成的过程。教学活动正是“静态预设”在课堂中“动态生成”的过程。重新认识课堂，也就是在重新认识教师和学生生活的舞台和空间。“凡事预则立，不预则废”，可见，课堂教学预设是必要的，从而保证教学活动的计划性和效率性，在这种设计中，是教师对课程的创新和开发过程，它需要教师的再加工，既符合新课程的理念，又有针对性地培养学生。对学生而言，即需要预设性发展，也需要生成性发展，它是个性的张扬，心灵的共鸣，思维的共振。教师是学生学习的引导者，要想驾驭课堂，只有拥有最先进的理论和认识能力，才能得心应手，把学生置于教学的出发点和核心地位，应学生而动、应情境而变，课堂才能焕发勃勃生机，显现真正的活力，促进学生个性的发展。

教学预设就是教师的教学设计，反映教师的教。它集中体现教师的理念、智慧、机智和经验等要素。课堂生成是伴随着课程改革派生出来的崭新理念，它是在一个个生命体鲜活的活动过程创造出来的教育资源。课堂上，学生是否都各尽所能，感到踏实和满足;学生是否对后继的学习更有信心，感到轻松，是衡量生成的标准。新课程下的数学教学是数学

活动的教学，是师生之间交往互动与共同发展的过程，课堂因生成而精彩。如果没有课堂生成，学生的主体性将无法体现，学生的数学探究活动就不是真实的，从而无法让课堂焕发出生命的活力。虽然我们对课堂进行了预设，但是教学过程是一个师生及多种因素之间动态的相互作用的推进过程，不可能百分之百地按照预定的轨道进行。那么，该怎样转变意识理念，关注课堂的预设与学生的生成。

一、尊重学生的生成，给学生的生成营造氛围

如果每次学生有了创造的火花，有了有价值的生成，而教师给他的则是失望和不能满足的信息，学生的主动、积极思维就会被磨灭，这样对学生的培养显然也是一句空话。所以，在教学中，当学生有了火花生成时，不要被这种火花电倒，采取积极的鼓励态度，如果学生的这种火花在课堂上无法进行研究或展开的，则留到课余或其他条件成熟时再研究，而这个过程需要教师全程参与和关注，不要简单的布置学生下课之后再研究，然后就不了了之，学生由于受到年龄、心理方面的影响，不可能会再进行进一步的研究，一次机会也就这样消失了。要让学生有这样的感觉，无论是在课堂上能研究的还是不能研究的，只要是我提出来的而且是有价值的，老师都会很重视，而且会和我一起想办法创造条件去进行研究。时间一久，学生的智慧潜能会火山爆发般的吐露出来。这时不让学生去自主研究也不行了。如在教学“平行四

边形的面积时”，我是这样进行预设的：想一想，平行四边形的面积和哪些条件有关?同学们有过预习并经过思考，纷纷发言：“平行四边形的面积和底有关。”“平行四边形的面积与底边的高有关。”“平行四边形的面积与斜边有关。”“平行四边形的面积与相邻的两条边的夹角有关。”由于前三个问题我都有预设，而第四个问题超出了我的预设。尽管有些胡思乱想，但我认为学生提出的新问题很有价值，因此改变了原来的教学方案。引导学生就这几个问题进行探究，找出其中的规律，并举出生活的实例来验证。结果，学生探索热情高涨，对平等四边形的面积的内容掌握的更为牢固。

二、在“预设”中给生成留足空间

在教学中，预设是必要的，因为教学首先是一个有目标、有计划的活动，教师必须在课前对自己的教学任务有一个清晰、理性的思考与安排，但同时这种预设是有弹性的、有留白的预设。因为教学过程本身是一个动态的建构的过程，这些由学生的原有经验、知识结构、个性等多方面的复杂性与差异性决定的，因此，教师在备课的过程中，充分考虑到课堂上可能会出现的情况，从而使整个预设留有更大的包容度和自由度，给生成留足空间。例如：我在教学《小数加减法》时，课前发现班中大部分同学在平时的购物中已经有计算小数加减法的生活经验，有一小部分同学已经初步知道小数加减法的计算方法。于是，我果断地将原先教材安排的小步子

教学进行了整合。采取了开放式的教学：在课开始时，我出示纸尺子让学生观察长度并用米做单位表示长度(两位小数)，而后撕掉一部分让学生说说剩下多少米?学生自己解决了这道一般的两位数减两位数的小数减法题。我又让学生把式子中的长度用厘米作单位来表示，从而比较整数加减法与小数加减法在算理上的联系(相同计数单位对齐)。接着让学生想在小数加减法的计算中还会有什么特殊的情况，编成题自己解决。给学生足够的时间去思考，学生通过思考交流生成出了所有的特殊情况(结果末尾有0的，需要借位的，整数减小数)。反馈时，让学生充分地表达自己的想法，再通过老师的寻问学生自主地归纳了小数加减法的计算方法，学生你一言我一语，相互启发，互相指导，互相渗透。一节课就学会了原来需要3节课来解决的内容。

三、及时调整预设，为生成腾出空间

课堂教学是千变万化的，再好的预设也不可能预设课堂上可能出现的所有情况。有时，由于教师没有预设到学生的个别生成，所以一旦学生提出来之后，没有及时调整好自己的预设，而是匆匆的予以否定掉，当然，这有教师临时应变上的能力不足，同时也是平时训练中没有重视学生的生成的体现，只有在平时的教学中，教师有这种意识了，在课堂实践中也好好的做了，遇到超出预设的现象也会合理的去处理给学生腾出空间，为学生生成提供条件，鼓励学生生成。例

如：教学“角的认识”时，我提了一个开放性的问题：关于角你知道些什么?这下可好，学生说羊角、牛角、尺的尖尖角、甚至于人民币中的角，样样都有。这正是学生认识的生活中的角，教师要耐心等待，多加鼓励，巧妙引导。教师可以启发，数学中的角与刚才说的生活中的角有所不同，请你画出一个你认为的角。学生在画角的过程中，充分显露思维水平，互相启发、交流、逐步完善。只要教师能很好地把握教材，有足够的教学机智，给学生留有空间，就可能将问题变成新的教学资源。

总之，对课堂的预设是很有必要的，而且还要尽可能使教学设计符合学生的认知规律和实际情况，使课堂教学沿着预设的轨道前进。但教学过程是随机生成的，学生的学习情况经常与预设有些差距。此时，教师应运用教学机智改变原来的教学方案以适应学生，充分挖掘学生的潜能，让师生在互动的教学过程中得到发展。

When autumn comes, I will be very excited, because it is my favorite

season. In autumn, the weather is neither too hot nor too cold, and I could

sleep well. I especially like to go hiking at this season, then we can enjoy the

picnic at the same time. When I reach the top, the cool wind makes me feel so

comfortable.