关于野生动物保护的英语作文初中（经典20篇）

The animal is the friend of our human beings. We live in the same earth. Animals and human beings can’t be separated from each other. But some animals are getting less and less. So it’s necessary for us to protect animals, especially wild animals. Some people kill wild animal because of money. It’s illegal. Beside, because of the development of society, human needs more space to live in, so we explore the forest. Animals have less space to live in. The number of wild animals decreases year by year. It’s high time to take actions to protect wild animals.

动物是人类的朋友，我们共同生活在地球上。动物和人类不可以彼此分离。但有些动物的数量越来越少，所以我们有必要去保护动物，特别是野生动物。一小部分人为了赚钱而去猎杀野生动物，这是违法行为。此外，由于社会的发展，人类需要的生活空间，所以要开发森林。然而动物的生存空间却变少了。野生动物的数量逐年减少，现在该是采取措施保护野生动物的时候了。

Dormitory Clean Duty In China, when students go to middle school, most of

them need to live in school from Monday to Friday, they can go home on

weekends.

Students have to spend most of their time in school, they start to learn to

get along with others.

Everyone has roommates, there are always four people live in a dormitory,

without parents’ caring, students need to take care of themselves.

The first question needs students to think about is the dormitory clean

duty, while most of them are princes and princess at home. Students need to do

the house work, they should take turns, in that case, the dormitory will keep

clean.

It is reported that boys’ room are dirty, because they never clean

dormitory.

It is everyone’s duty to clean the dormitory, we should not keep silent

about the problem, students need to realize the clean environment can make their

mood comfortable.

Sunrise at Sea

Ba Jin

I would often get up early to watch the sunrise when it was not yet quiet light and all was quiet except for the droning of the ship engine.

The sky was pale with a bluish blue. Soon a streak of pink dawn broke over the horizon，expanding gradually and becoming brighter and brighter. Knowing that the sun was about to rise, I had my eyes fixed on the distant edge of the sea.

As expected, the sun soon appeared revealing half of its face, which was very red but not bright It kept rising laboriously bit by bit as if weighted down with a heavy burden on its back until，after breaking through the rosy clouds;it completely emerged from the sea aglow with a lovely red. Then，before I knew it, the dark red orb began to shine blazingly, dazzling my eyes until they stung and all of a sudden lighting up the surrounding cloud.

Sometimes，hidden by the clouds, the sun nonetheless shed its rays straight onto the sea water, making it difficult for me to distinguish between the sky and the sea because what I saw in front of me was nothing but a wide expanse of brilliant light.

Sometimes, with thick layers of dark clouds hanging in the sky, the sun was hardly visible to the naked eye. But its radiance managed to show through the dark clouds to edge them with golden lace. Then, after gradually breaking through the tight encirclement, it came into full view and even dyed the dark clouds purple or scarlet. At the moment, apart from the sun，the clouds and the seawater, I too was luminous.

Wasnt that a marvelous spectacle?

We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these

days. Some students think its very convenient for us to go shopping on the

internet. The shops on Internet, for example taobao.com, 360buy.com are open for

almost 24 hours a day, so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.

Whats more, we neednt to wait in a queue.

However, some students disagreed with them. We cant see the things while

we are shopping. So we are not sure whether they are good or not Besides, we

cant enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends.

An annual one National Day long vacation finally arrived， I go out with my father and mother， visit places of interest， enjoy the great culture of the motherland。 Stores the door hung balloons and colorful flags， red， yellow， green。。。 Is permeated with a festive atmosphere。 Inside is buzzing， carried out a series of promotional activities。 The street people mountain people sea， riding car also want to be a long queue for tickets。 Scenic visitors like a long dragon， countless。 Www.ZixueKaoShi.neT.Men， women， and children should enjoy， people took advantage of the holiday come out to play。 The parking lot， hotel， shopping mall must be very considerable。

National Day is a happy day， peoples living standards improve really fast。 In our motherland mothers arms。 Happiness， happy growth， I wish the motherland mother always beautiful， always prosperous and wish the motherland prosperity every year， the rich!

一天，我和妈妈去菜市场买菜。

菜市场里全都是叫卖声，卖白菜喽，卖青菜喽，卖青蛙喽。我一听有青蛙卖，我就拉着妈妈兴奋地去看青蛙。妈妈看见这里的青蛙又肥又大，就说：“你想不想买几只青蛙尝尝?”我点了一点头。妈妈看见我在点头，就对卖青蛙的人说：“老板，给我挑几只大一点的青蛙!”我高高兴兴地买了几只青蛙回家了。

我刚想把青蛙煮了，可是旁边却听见爸爸低沉地说：“孩子，你必需把这些青蛙放掉!”“为什么?”我很不情愿地说。“因为青蛙是益虫，它7月份一共能吃掉害虫20000多只而且还能保护农作物因为不管是飞的爬的，躲在地下的，它们只要一出来活动，就都被青蛙吃掉而且青蛙对人类的益处很大，如果捕杀青蛙就回让害虫大量的繁殖，我们就必需要大量是用农药来杀死害虫，这样不仅破坏了生态平横而且还污让了环境因此严禁捕食青蛙!所以，你必需把这些青蛙放掉!”

我从爸爸斩钉截铁的口气中，我知道我以经再也没有什么可以商量的余地了。我只好跑到河边，把青蛙放掉了。我看这那几只青蛙用四条着强劲又力的大腿往河中央游去。我叹了口气，心想：我这辈子再也买不到这么大的青蛙了。

真的，我从那以后，我再也没有买到过这么大的鱼了。可是那天的情景却一直铭刻在我的记忆里，爸爸坚定的话语也一直回响再我的耳边。

从小，我就特别喜欢动物，我总觉得他们和我们人类一样是有感情的，有思想的，所以，无论什么时候我都尽可能的与他们好好交流，用我微薄的力量关心爱护着它们。每次周末，只要时间允许的话，我都会和爸爸妈妈到郊外去郊游，说是游玩，在欣赏美景的同时，我们会给许多需要帮助的动物搭个窝，留点食，或者宣传宣传保护动物的意义。

又是一个天朗气清的周末，我和爸爸妈妈决定去郊游。我们就在动物园旁边的草坪上野餐。中午时分，阳光照在身上暖洋洋的，躺在青青的草坪上，感受着这郊外的鸟语花香，多惬意啊!我双手叠在脑后，眼睛眯了起来……

突然，动物园里传来了一阵响声，只见一只只动物一个接着一个浩浩荡荡地跑了出来。我顺着它们跑的路线跑过去，看见同一类的动物站在一排，而高高在上的是两只狮子。两只狮子一左一右地坐着，还戴着漂亮的皇冠。这时，两只狼士兵发现了我，把我推到了两头狮子的面前。原来它们是动物国的国王、王后。不可思议的是，我能听明白它们说什么。国王打量了我一眼，就认出了我，非常尊敬我，因为我是他们最尊贵的客人。接着让兔子侍女给我换了一件用百鸟的羽毛加下百兽的毛发编织而成的七彩衣。这一打扮我还觉得自己真美，我觉得自己就是一只金孔雀了。兔子侍女把我扶上了宝座后，所有的动物都向我请安，他们轮流感谢我提供给他们的帮助，希望有更多的人类能像我这样关心他们。我答应他们，一定让更多的人类来关爱动物。他们高兴极了，一起高高地举起了我，把我抛向空中，表示他们的热情。

我笑了，笑声在整个天空中回荡……这时，妈妈拍醒了我，问我睡梦中笑什么，我这才知道刚才是我的梦境。

在这个世界上，每一分钟都会有许多动物由于人类的捕杀而失去了生命。

无论天空、陆地还是海洋，只要有人类到达的地方就会有杀戮。人们为了一碗美味的鱼翅汤而大肆捕杀鲨鱼，使鲨鱼的数量急剧减少。但据科学家说，鱼翅的营养成分还不如一个鸡蛋高。不仅如此，人们还会用一种极端残忍的方法来捕杀它们。人们把鲨鱼打捞上船，用铁棒将它们打晕，割下鳍后，又会被无情地丢进大海，被人割了鳍的鲨鱼，由于无法游动，鲨鱼也没有鱼鳔，只能沉入海底，孤独地死去。当我看到那些没有了鳍的鲨鱼用尽力气，用自己仅有的尾巴拼了命地左右摇摆时，我情不自禁地想问：这些渔民还是人吗？动物也是一条生命呀！这些人怎么能如此残忍地杀害它们呢？

对于我们人类来说，看可爱的海豚表演是一件愉快的事情，可是在这精彩的表演背后，却是一幅血腥的景象。由于海豚对声音极为敏感，很小的声音对它们来说已经是震耳欲聋了。人们就利用这一点来捕杀海豚。人们故意在海中制造出很大的声音，把几百只海豚逼到一个岸边，然后放一张大网把上百只海豚困在里面，让驯养师来挑选海豚。如果被挑选上了就会被驯养师带走，而没被选上的海豚则被罪恶的鱼叉叉死，眼前是一片血海。人们为了赚到钱又把杀死的海豚送到海鲜市场去卖，供人们享用。被挑选上去演出的海豚也会很痛苦，在它们表演时，听到人们的掌声和欢呼声时会让它们产生极大的心理压力，最终它们会由于心理压力过大而选择死亡，所以人们会在表演过后给它们打针，让它们缓解压力，而海豚表演不是为了食物而是为了一针药剂。

鲨鱼游过了五湖四海，也没游出人们的餐桌；海豚翻过了惊涛骇浪，却没能翻过人们的渔网。通过这几件事我知道了，其实最残忍的动物就是人类。动物的今天也许就是人类的明天。我们不仅要热爱自己的生命，也要关爱动物的生命。我们应少喝一碗鱼翅汤，就能多救活一条鲨鱼；少看几场海豚表演，就能使海豚减轻不少压力。动物也有生命。请记住，这个蔚蓝色的星球不单单属于人类。

Hometown is the place where a person belongs. Chinese people have special

feelings about their hometown. No matter where they go, they won’t abandon it

and always make some time to visit. My hometown brings me so many happy memories

and I wish it could keep its original face forever.

Two years ago, I lived in my hometown. It is a small village, so people

there get familiar with each other. When we walked on the country road, everyone

smiled when we saw each other. There was no distance for us. In the daytime, I

liked to go boating in the small river with my friends, or sometimes I could

catch fish. The green trees around me and I could hear the birds singing all the

time. It was a paradise for me.

However, even the small paradise can’t avoid being polluted seriously. The

environment is no more clean, the river becomes smaller and the water is so

dirty. When I see this, I feel so pity. If we lose the clean land, how can we

survive for long. Protecting the environment is in need.

My Views on Environmetal Protection

Nowadays, the world we live in is becoming more and more intolerable because of environmental destruction. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. Recently,haze weather has become a usual phenomenon here in large part of China. People are forced to wear the mask to avoid breathing poisonous air. Some people think it is impossible to solve the problem,however,from my opinion,if we find out the reason and take effective measures the environment can be better.

If we trace the cause for haze weather,the main points are as follows,first,our countrys air quality standards are rather lax and evaluation factors are limited,so you will see that current air appraisal system has defects. Second,some people just go for economic interests instead of turning out products according to relevant law and regulations. They tend to use obsolete equipment in which they are more likely to emit a great deal of wasted air. Third,across our society,the awareness of protecting the environment has not built up so that people havent formed a habit of using green product and saving energy as much as possible. If we dont take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly awful situation.

Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve the environment. In my opinion, to protect the environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, people should be educated to recognize the importance of the problems, to use modern methods of birth control, to conserve our natural resources and recycle our products. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the policy of population into practice, because more people mean more pollution. Finally,laws concerning environmental protection should be put into effect and enforce strictly just as our government has been doing. To sum up,if we work together to take out such measures,our environment will get better and better and haze weather will vanish completely.

人们都说狗是人类最忠诚的朋友，的确是这样的。我家中曾经养过一只哈巴狗，它极其可爱，我们不仅仅是主仆主仆关系，而且是朋友关系。 这狗记得是我过十岁生日的时候，妈妈送给我的。当时我高兴得跳了起来。 自从有了那只狗以后，我家增添许多欢乐。刚买来的时候我们叫它绿绿，后来它在我家中就像开心小宝贝一样，所以我们又把它取名为小宝。 小宝全身是黄色的，长长的毛，身体胖嘟嘟的。眼睛圆溜溜、水汪汪的，嘴巴很短。 在礼拜天，我和妈妈无聊时便拿小宝来寻开心。妈妈把小宝的毛扎成一个个小辫子。

而我呢？便用手帕做成小狗衣服穿在小宝身上，它一动也不动地任我们摆布。我和妈妈把小宝打扮得很酷，它似乎也对这身打扮得满意，在客厅里走来走去，炫耀着它的美丽。我和妈妈都被它逗得捧腹大笑。 小宝特别爱卫生，所以我们每五天给它洗一次澡。在给它洗澡时它老是闭着眼睛一动不动得让我给它洗澡，偶尔调皮地舔我的手。洗完澡后，它便用力甩干身上的水，然后跳到沙发上安适地睡觉，还不时发出唔唔的声音，也许是它在说梦话吧！ 可惜，两年的美好时光一恍就过去了，小宝因吃了有毒的食物中毒身亡。我非常地伤心。如今每当看到别的狗，我便想起我家的小宝。我最喜欢的动物是一只美丽又可爱的小白兔，因为它身上有一层雪白的毛，远远看上去像一团棉球。它的头上有一对长长的耳朵，像一对棉花棒。它有一双红红的眼睛，半圆形的嘴巴，还有一个又粗又短的尾巴。有时候我做完作业，很无聊，我就跑过去，逗它玩。它喜欢吃的食物是什么呢？

告诉你们吧，它喜欢吃的食物是青菜和萝卜。有时候我去拿了一根青菜，引它。它看到青菜，高兴地蹦啊，跳啊。我不给它吃的时候，它就一直盯着那根青菜，好像对我在说：“我已经肚子饿了，你就给我吃吧？谢谢你了！”可到最后，我看它饥饿又可怜的样子，我忍不住就把青菜给它吃了。我喜欢的小动物是纯白色的猫，它全身白似雪的毛让我无比喜爱，它的眼睛白天眯成一条缝，晚上圆溜溜的，活像两颗绿宝石。他的耳朵一直翘着，只要你动一下，他的耳朵就会动一下；他的听力十分敏捷，只要有人轻轻走过，它就会“喵喵”的叫；它的牙齿很坚硬，又尖又长，吃起东西来十分轻松，我很喜欢它。

记着有一次，我的哥哥到我家来玩，小猫无比热情，一直冲哥哥“微笑”。哥哥见他这么可爱，便拿出一根很粗的毛线，要知道猫最喜欢玩毛线了，哥哥提着毛线，小猫也跟着走，毛线从拐弯处过去，猫一下冲过去，没有抓到，自己倒扑了个空，我和妈妈哈哈大笑，猫有点生气，哥哥换了一块布，过了拐弯处，小猫冲去，又扑了空，这下哥哥成了“斗猫士”了。

哥哥又把五个凳子摆成一排，把毛线放在凳子口，小猫一下冲过去，奋力咬住了毛线，我为它欢呼，为它高兴。

冬天来了，我给小猫盖了一个温暖的窝，它非常高兴。

[我喜欢的动物初中作文850字

我最喜欢的动物英语作文1：

my pet is a toy bear. his name is small white. he is white. he has blue eyes and blue ears. his hands and feet are blue too.he is naughty.

he likes to make fun of me. he likes reading.

when i am unhappy, he accompanies me.

he is my good friend.

我最喜欢的动物英语作文2：

maybe everyone has a kind of animal which he favourite,me too!

i like all the little animals,but my favourite animal is dog,maybe you will ask the reason,why do i like it ?very simple ,cause of his loyal heart,and they are so cute,they always make a friendly ship with people.they are friends to the human.they bring too much joy to us!do you agree with my view?

and whatyour opinion?

我最喜欢的动物英语作文3：

I like animals very much, such as horses, monkeys, cats, tigers and so on. But I like dogs best. Why? Because they are very cute and friendly.

我非常喜欢动物，比如马，猴子，猫，老虎等等。但是我最喜欢小狗。为什么呢?因为他们很可爱很友好。

I have a white dog. Its name is Bobo. She is a female dog. She comes from Beijing, China. She has two big eyes and a small month. She wears white clothes. She often walks around at home. It has nothing to do. She likes eating ice-cream so much, So do I. When I eat ice-cream, she will look at the ice-cream carefully. So I will give her some to eat.

我有一只白色的小狗。它的名字叫波波。她是一只小母狗。她来自中国北京。她有一双大眼睛和一个小嘴巴。她穿着白色的衣服。 她经常在家里到处走。但是没关系。她喜欢吃冰激凌，我也是。当我吃冰激凌的时候，她就会很认真的看着冰激凌。所以我会给她一些吃。

I think Bobo is the cutest dog in the world.

我觉得波波是世界上最最可爱的狗狗。

Since I go to school, my parents always tell me that I should study hard,

so that I can find a good job in the future and earn a lot of money. To most

people, the purpose of reading books is to make money. But as I study more, I

realize that making money and reading books don’t have the directly connection.

The children should know more about the world by reading more books, at the same

time, they need to sense the great joy of reading. When they are equipped with

knowledge, they can solve problems by the skills they learn, the most important

thing for them is to face difficulties with positive attitude.

Every year, the thing I expect the most is the Spring Festival. My parents

work far from home and they come back one or two times a year. The Spring

Festival is the time they come home. Every time they come back, they bring mangy

things to me. When I was little, they bought me toys, new clothes and shoes.

Now, they often buy me books. They say more reading is good for me. They hope I

can learn more. The time spend with them is always happy but short. They only

have half a month at home. I hope they can stay at home longer.

My favourite animal 范文一

Dolphin is my favourite animal.

It is one of the most precious animals. Their bodies are very long, about one zhang（丈）. Dolphins live in the sea. They live on fish, shrimps and so on.

Dolphins are very friendly and peaceful. They never attack people. Instead, they have saved many people in danger in the past years. How helpful the dolphins are!

Dolphins are very clever. People often train them so that they can give a dolphin show which brings people a lot of happiness and joy.

Unluckily, the number of dolphins is getting smaller and smaller. Because of water pollution, there is less and less space for dolphins. Many people make money by hunting dolphins. If we don’t protect them, maybe we’ll lose our good friends one day. As a student, I hope more and more people should take actions to protect dolphins.

My favourite animal 范文二

My favourite animal is tortoise. Tortoise walk not fast. But I like the tortoise. Why? Because, tortoise is a cute animal. It have a short tail and a four short foot. It have a little head and a hard shell. They are forty-five little and cute tortoise in My home. They like to play in the water. When they afraid some thing. They wall run fast. They like to eat the fish. I often buy some small fish to them to eat. They can catch the fish fast. First, they fake(假) sleep. When the fish swim near they mouth. They catch the fish fast and bit the fish head. So, the fish die. They can eat the fish. In winter. They like to sleep in the sand. When they sleep, they don’t eat any food.Because they wall hibernation. But, when they are thirsty. They come out of the sand. So, we must give water to them to drink.

I love the tortoise. I hate the eagle. Because, the eagle often eat the tortoise with it sharp mouth.My favourite animal is tortoise.

My Favourite Animal 范文三

My favourite animal is a dog.I had a dog when I was ten years old.Its name is Lily.Its a brown and white dog.It does everything with me.Everyday I give it some water to drink and some food to eat.At the weekend,Ill make it take a bath.At that time,the dog is very gentle.And I like it very much.This is my favorite animal----a beautiful,gentle and lovely dog.

Last year, my father bought a lovely pet for me. She has four white paws

and a white and yellow tail. She has two small ears, two green eyes and eight

whiskers on her face. Her name is Sally and she is one year old.

Do you know what it is? A cat? Yes, it is a cat. She has very short fur and

she is quite small. She weighs about 2 kilograms. She is usually very friendly

and quiet. We never frighten her or pull her tail or ears. She likes walking

around me and playing with me.

If she is hungry, she will miaow. Usually, she eats food from a tin, but

her favorite food is fish. She likes juice if it is not too cold. She likes to

chase and catch mice and sometimes she plays with butterflies. Sally often plays

with balls and pieces of string. She does not like dogs and she hates the rain.

She likes sitting on the sofa and watching TV.

Sally is a very good friend, but she is quite lazy! She never worries

because we take good care of her. She is always a happy cat.

Let my little niece winter vacation homework today, she readily agreed, she

took out a pile of books from the school bag and book, Ill ask her winter

vacation homework you have so much? She said, "yeah, were going to do winter

vacation homework book, write a complete book of the words and it is each line,

and a day to write a diary, and mathematical complete book of exercises to do."

After hearing her answer I am a little consternation, winter vacation in only a

month off, how can have so much homework, but also for second grade

children.

I will be in our school children compared with them, find our school

children is luckier. We only require students to finish winter vacation homework

book, and then make a happy years of China pictorial. Especially happy Chinese

New Year posters produced, it can let the student to understand the traditional

culture, and cultivate their ability, but also let them learn in life, found in

the life, and why not? So that the students didnt feel much homework, at the

same time also can get harvest, so now there are a lot of local education system

needs reform indeed, society needs is to be able to adapt to social development

talent, not only can keep the book a nerd. So these are thought-provoking!

I am studying in a middle school now, this is my second year. Studying in

the middle school, I have many subjects to learn, I always want to do the best,

so I focus all my attention on the study. My teacher tells me that I should not

only focus on study, I should go out and take some activities. I refuse to do

what she says, then I get sick easily and I can’t focus attention. So I learn to

do some activities, I play basketball, I find myself really enjoy outside

activities, what’s more, I keep my body well. The study task is not only to

learn knowledge from books, but also take exercise.

When I was very small, I could see many birds flying in the sky when I looked at the sky, but as I grow up and move to the city, I find less birds in the sky. It is because the environment has been polluted and many birds are dying. We can do small things to protect the environment, so that the animals can live with us.

在我很小的时候，每当我仰望天空的时候，我都可以看到许多鸟在天上飞，但是当我长大后，搬到了城市，我几乎没见过有鸟儿在天空中飞。因为环境被污染了，许多鸟面临死亡。我们要做些小事来保护环境，让动物能和我们共存。

有一天，小狗球球正在小山坡上玩耍时，一不小心“咕噜”滚下了山坡，球球被摔得晕头转向，竟一时找不到回家的路了，怎么办呢?球球决定，先到处走走，看看能不能嗅到家的气味。

球球向东面走了一会儿，一阵臭味扑面而来，让她喘不过气来。“咦?这里怎么会有臭味呢?"于是，球球嗅着臭味，来到了小溪旁，球球抬头一看，天哪!球球大惊失色，原来清澈见底的水不见了，取而代之的居然是一些灰灰的废水!小鱼小虾们苦不堪言，纷纷对球球说：“球球，我们的生活太糟糕了，到处都是工厂，工厂排出的废水往小溪里倒，我们的兄弟姐妹们都提心吊胆的，你救救我们吧!”球球无能为力，只好走开了。

球球回到了原地，

向西面走了一会儿，她就闻到了熟悉的味道，球球高兴地跳了起来，“汪汪!”地叫了两声，向家的方向奔去。突然，一个猎人悄无声息地走了过来，用枪对准了球球，“砰!”猎人开了枪，“汪!"球球吓了一跳，往前狂奔了几步，幸好，没有打中，可球球不敢久留，像一匹脱缰的野马一样跑了起来，“嘎!”一阵刺骨的剧痛从球球的脚上传来，天哪!球球被捕狼夹夹中了，不一会儿，刚才那个猎人走了过来，一看，失望的说：“唉!又不是狼，拿这只狗回家煮了吃吧!”球球一听，汪汪地叫了起来，猎人把夹子打开，球球马上乘机逃了出去。

球球忍痛跑回了家，球球的爸爸妈妈听了她的讲述，都不约而同地说：“人类真是太残忍了，乱捕抓野生动物，还不爱护环境，真是太可恶了!”

是啊!通过球球的历险，我们应该好好爱护环境，保护动物了!

this year‘s summer vacation was most enjoyable. i spent fifteen days helping my grandparents doing farm work in the countryside， where i saw mountains fields covered with green plants. sometimes i went swimming in the river to the west of the village， the water in which was quite clear.

i kept a diary every day. besides doing farm work， i help the children in the neighborhood with their lessons. all of them showed interest in english. they could read write wellthey could hardly understand simple english. so every day in the morning i spent about two hours helping them improve their listening spoken english. they all made great progress. their parents all thought highly of me. i now realize that knowledge is very needed in the countryside.

[暑假日记初中英语作文