英语原版小说的阅读技巧与策略【推荐20篇】

Changing in the information age, we can from different channels, and get the same message, the transmission of information and get more and more convenient, the ancients said: "a scholar need not leave his home to know whats going on in the world." As a student of I, is a new era of youth, how to enrich oneself is very important.

The ancients said: "read ten books, winning thousands of miles way." Understand this sentence tell the benefits of reading, so I can read extracurricular books, learn other peoples words and sentences, and make him my composition ability of power. In the usual time to form the good habit of reading and more reading can improve understanding, thinking, judgment, can through the knowledge of current affairs, raises concerns social, because enriching themselves not only in terms of their studies, for the ordinary life, or to understand and care.

Time flies, time flies, time passed so hasty, we want to know the value of time, as long as the use of a few minutes of time every day to enrich themselves, accumulate over a long period, many a mickle makes a muckle, and can help you to save every bit of wisdom, piggy bank, so I want to read to be my good habits, and increased my wisdom enrich my life.

在资讯发展日新月异的时代，我们可以从不同的管道，得到相同的讯息，资讯的传递与取得越来越方便，古人说 ：“ 秀才不出门，能知天下事。“身为一位学生的我，又是新时代的少年，如何充实自己是很重要的事。

古人说： “ 读十卷书，胜走千里路。”这句话明白的说出读书的好处，所以我可以多阅读课外读物，吸取别人的名言加句，使他成为我作文能力的助力。在平时的时候就要养成多读书的好习惯，多阅读可以提升理解力、思考力、判断力，可以藉由对时事的了解，培养关心社会，因为充实自己不只是在课业方面，对于平常的生活或时是都要了解并关心。

光阴似箭，岁月如梭，时间过得这么匆促，我们要懂得爱惜时光， 只要每天利用几分钟的时间充实自己，日积月累，积少成多，就能帮自己存一点一滴的智慧扑满，所以我要让读书成为我的好习惯，增加我的智慧丰富我的人生。

A good book not only brings happiness to people, but also comforts; it can

not only make you think deeply, but also enlighten you. A good book is a wise

man, a mentor, a friend, and a partner. My favorite thing is reading.

books also bring me much joy. I remember one time, my mother bought me

"Insects", the book records many insects and their habits. I couldnt put it

down, and when I got home, I picked up the book and read it with interest. When

I read the firefly insect, a beautiful scene immediately appeared in my mind: On

a summer night, I was walking in the park, and at this time, many fireflies were

flying around me. Illuminate the way forward... The more I think about it, the

more excited I am, and I read it more seriously. When I read about ants, an

insect, I couldnt help but be shocked by its unity. Together, ants can move

things that are several times heavier than them. I also feel that we must learn

from the spirit of ants. Reading and reading, I forgot the time. It wasnt until

my mother came to ask me to eat, I reluctantly put down the book and swallowed a

spit, as if swallowing wisdom into my stomach, my heart was still in the

colorful world of insects.

Gorky once said: "I am on books, like hungry people are on bread." Food

feeds only our bodies, and books feed our souls. Books can increase our

knowledge, broaden our horizons, and improve our writing skills; they can bring

us inspiration and happiness. "When the book is used, we hate less", so I think

we need to read more and read more books to make our achievements bloom like

sesame seeds.

Beijing, is the nations political, economic, cultural and educational

center as well as Chinas most important center for international trade and

communications.

As the capital of the PRC, Beijing is located in northern China. The city

covers an area of more than 16,410 square kilometers (6336 square miles) and has

a population of 14.93 million people.

Beijing is a city with four distinct seasons. Beijings long and

illustrious history started some 500,000 years ago. Records show that Beijing

has been an inhabited city for more than three thousand years. For more than 800

years, Beijing was a capital city - from the Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) to the

Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing (1644 - 1911) dynasties.

Although now Beijing is a modern and fashionable city complete with a full

21st Century vitality, you can experience authentic Beijing life and become

acquainted with old Beijing by exploring its many teahouses, temple fairs,

Beijings Hutong and Courtyard and enjoy the Peking Opera. There are many sights

in Beijing like Tiananmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, as well

as the Temple of Heaven and so on. With its century-old history and unique

cultural relics, and as the host city of the 2008 Olympics, Beijing attracts

more and more visitors.

Shanghai, Chinas largest modern city, is situated in the middle of Chinas

east coastal line. Shanghai covers an area of over 6,340 squarekilos and has a

population of over 15 million.

It is the largest economic and trade centre in the country and

acomprehensive industrial base. It is an open city along the coast, as well as a

famoushistorical and cultural city. Shanghais history of revolution andculture

attract tourists home and abroad. Being regarded as "Paris of China" and as the

paradise for shopping, Shanghai has become an idealcity for tourism.

The Pudong Development Area in Shanghai is an important specialeconomic

zone in China. Efforts are being made to develop Shanghai into a modern

international economic, financial and trade centre.

Welcome to visit Beijing and Shanghai

一、写作决窍

总体把握，要点齐全;人称时态，逻辑清楚;

关键词汇，动词第一;组词成句，结构完整;

组句成文，连词增色;此路不通，绕道迂回;

字迹工整，留好印象;从句适量，高分有望。

二、写作步骤

1.认真审题。审题包括要点、格式、词数以及此篇文章要传递给读者什么样的信息，告诫读者什么(即写作目的)。

2.确定文体和时态。确定文体后，根据不同文体的特点和要求进行组织材料;同时确定出该篇文章的总时态与时态的变化。

3.写完要点，但不随意发挥。

4.先草稿，后抄写。

三、作文案例

[2004年全国中学生英语能力竞赛初赛初三组] (14分)

Choose one of your hobbies and write an article for the school magazine about it. Tell the magazine readers.

·What exactly your hobby is;

·When and how you became interested in this hobby;

·Why you enjoy your hobby;

·About your hopes and plans for the future.

写作要求：

1.根据所提供的内容，适当拓展想象空间，灵活地将提供的信息体现在文章中。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺，书写清晰、规范。

3.词数60-80.

[学生解答A]

My hobby is read books①.When I was seven years old.I became interested in reading books.I like needing books because there are a lot of useful things in books.I can learn a lot of knowledge from books. Books also② can teach me how to be a good person.Books even can solve many problems for me.I will read more good books to improve myself.

①改为reading books，动词作表语时应该用动名词。

②also的位置应放在can之后。

[点评]：档次9-11分。

①要点不全，漏掉最后一个要点。

②句子基本无误，能正确传递信息给读者但文章不流畅，句子与句子之间过渡不自然，给读者感觉在回答上述问题。

③有少量错误。

[学生解答B]

My hobby is reading.Reading books is very enjoyable.When I was young ,my mother used to tell me a story before.I went to bed every night.The stories were so interesting that I always felt they weren’t enough.So I began to read books by myself.Little by little I became interested in reading.I can learn much knowledge and many interesting things all over the world.When I read books,I can enjoy the beautiful sentences.At the same time I can improvemy writing.I want to be a writer in the future,so I must study hard and read more books so that my dream can come true.

①开门见山、点题。

②真情流露，理由充分。

③文中带圈的连词使用得恰当，使文章过渡自然、

④巧妙使用句型以表决心。

[点评]：档次13-14分。

①清楚表达写作目的，要点齐全。

②语言表达灵活多样，字里行间流露出真情实感，文章有感染力。

③恰当使用连词和从句，语言流畅，且无错误，是一篇高质量的作文。

[高分突破]

①文体：记叙文。

②要点：what → when →how → why → hope and plan for the future.

③时态：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时的自然变化。

内容具有开放性，但它也是“控制性”的写作试题，因此不能随意发挥，要善于抓信息，写完要点。选用这两篇学生真实习作，一是因为他们选材相同，二是因为他们都是英语成绩优秀的同学。同学B灵活使用连词so…that,so,little by little,when,so that等，恰到好处地使用新句型和短语used to,became interested in,come true……等，使内容丰富，读起来优美流畅。其实这些表达同学A也会，只是缺乏技术加工。通过这两篇作文点评，同学们便能悟出其中的奥妙。

四、培养途径

1.根据老师布置的写作内容，独立完成一篇写作。

2.与同伴合作，交流自己的写作，通过交流找出各自作文中写得好的地方和优美的句子，合作创造一篇新的文章，供大家欣赏。

3.找老师点评，请求老师指点，尤其是怎样润色。

4.自己纠错，写下反思。

五、备考演练

A

缙云山是重庆著名的游览胜地，每天有大量的游客。请你根据下面提供的信息写一篇报道，说明现在的游客在环境保护方面的变化。

写作要求：

1.词数在100左右。

2.条理清楚，语句通顺。

3.开头已写好，但不计入总词数。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest …

B

阅读电视广告词：“If we don’t save water,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.”根据提示，写一篇60-80词的短文。

提示：

1.生活离不开水。

2.可饮用水在减少。

3.水污染严重。

4.应保护水源，再利用水。

思路点拨与参考答案

A. [思路点拨]：

①文体：记叙文。

②时态：一般过去时态，一般现在时态。采用正反对比的写作手法，增加感染力。

③写作目的：告诉读者保护环境的重要性。

Jinyun Mountain is a famous place of interest.Every day a lot of tourists come here to enjoy its beauty. But a few years ago,some of them paid no attention to protecting theenvironment.They threw their rubbish,such as plastic bags,fruit skins and waste paper on the ground.Sometimes they broke trees,picked flowers and killed birds. Some even made fires in the woods to cook food.How dangerous it was.Luckily,great changes have taken place here.Tourists are used to putting their rubbish into dustbins,and they are doing their best to protect the birds and plants as well.They bring their own meals instead of cooking to preventstarting a forest fire in the mountains.All these changes make us very happy.

B. [思路点拨]：

①夹叙夹议(说明现状，谈谈感想)。

②时态：一般现在时态。

③广告词的含义——水很重要，应保护和再利用(写作意图)。

Water is very important to humans.We can’t live without water.The water we can drink is falling.But some people don’t seem to care about it.They waste a lot of water.They pour dirtywater into rivers and lakes.Water pollution is getting more and more serious.So we must do something to stop the pollution.We not only protect the water but also find ways to reuse it.If we don’t do this,the last drop of water will be a tear-drop.

I,m so glad to receive your letter, in which you wanted to know about the

Dragon Boat Festival in China.

I feel honored to tell you about it. Celebrated on May 5th in the lunar

calendar, it is a folk festival having a history of more than two thousand

years. Also, it is one of the most important festivals in China.

As for the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival, there are many beautiful

legends, of which the story about Qu Yuan is most widely accepted. Qu Yuan, a

Chinese poet who loved his country deeply, drowned himself in the Miluo River

after his country’s being defeated. To honor him, people in China hold various

activities every year, including eating zongzi and dragon boat racing.

I hope you can come to China to enjoy it for yourself.

We all know that reading has a lot of benefits .First of all,from reading some kinds of extra.

readings,we can horizon our outlook,we can know this world in a better way.Secondly,as for a student we can rich in knowledge from reading a large number of books ,such as history,geography,physical books.Thirdly,reading can cultivate the habit of thinking which makes us smarter.Reading has a great many of other advantages of course ,it is wise for us to develop the habit of reading.

The Spring Festival is our Chinese nation from ancient to modern times, the

most cautious Chinese traditional festival, during the Spring Festival time,

always waiting for the one family reunion together, talking about the years

harvest, for the New Year filled the bright vision. The children enjoy the

tightened and joyful holidays.

Watch the Spring Festival is coming, this years mother had said but

antithetical couplet, let me down, a few family, it is not a "project" ah, ha

ha. Two days before the Spring Festival, I began to get busy, small

"calligrapher" to start the project, through my huihaopomo, less than half of

the martial arts, home with the red antithetical couplet, "by mountains and

rivers show signs, ushered in the" spring "; drop thousands of monforts million

flowers, Huan, script the script, a piece of art was born, watching the house

full of Spring Festival couplets, mom repeatedly praise not shut up.

Thirty in the morning, I and mom posted antithetical couplet window

Ronaldo, look at my work on the door, red, a new sub population; we took the

mother to the hometown of antithetical couplet posted on my hung Wen, see the

two father, repeatedly said good, a grandfather of the past grace. At that time

I grandfather calligraphy is quite a New Year couplets, all relatives, the house

is filled with grandpa wrote. The subsequent to the lady home, home to the lady

on the wall, see my work has been useless, I really felt flattered.

This year the Spring Festival, two aunt aunt, our three family members

accompany lady together; of the Spring Festival last year, we raised the glass,

not a firecracker loud, not a fireworks shine, but in the beautiful blessing of

new years day, the night is so calm and peaceful. 20---- I had a special spring

festival.

引导语：说明文阅读答题技巧。说明文阅读在平时测试、期末考试中都占有很大的比重，如何快速掌握阅读方法，这才是提高阅读效率的首要问题。下面是小编为你带来的做说明文的阅读技巧，希望对你有所帮助。

一、分类

1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。

2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。

二、说明的顺序

时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

逻辑顺序的具体分析：主--次、原因--结果、现象--本质、特征--用途、

一般--个别、概括--具体、整体--局部。

典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序?有何作用?

答题格式：本文使用了的说明顺序对加以说明，使说明更有条理性。(第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用事理、科学事理等模糊性的语言表述。)

三、说明的方法

1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较：把和加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方：将比作，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式--

A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)

B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)

C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

(引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。)

四、说明文的语言品析

1、对整篇文章语文的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确;B、形象生动或简明平实。

A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。

格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如一句，就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物的特征/事理，

2、对具体篇/句/词的评析

篇/句的作用基本同上。

字词作用有以下考查形式：

A、加点字词有何作用?B、能否替换为另一个词语?C、加点词语能否删去?

这种题目往往要结合说明语言的准确性(有时是体现语言生动性)的特点答题。第二种题型还要在答题中比较二者的区别。第三种题型还要加上删去后不符合人们认识客观事物的规律或与客观事实不符合之类的表述。

五、说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

模式：这篇文章主要运用了的说明方法，说明了(内容：事物特征或事理)，使说明(作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用)

2、结合修辞手法谈

模式：这是一篇生动说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了(内容)，使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象;抒怀议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，格式如下：这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有(从记叙、描写、说明、议论根据内容选择)，如(具体举例)，就是(表达方式)的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

六、说明语段的作用

这种题目答题的角度有三：

(1)、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

(2)、结合说明方法谈。

通过的说明方法，说明了(事物特征或事理)，使说明(作用)。

Last week, our school held an activity to the nursing house to visit the

old people. I was so excited to be a volunteer, because it was my first time to

join such big activity. When we got there, the old people were so happy to see

us. They smiled all the time. We brought them some fruit and presents, and they

were so moved. When we chatted face in face, they talked about the old times and

the happiness they had. I thought about my grandparents, who lived in the

hometown. I should spend more time with them. Being a volunteer is such a

precious experience for me.

One story about Jack,an Irishman,who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money.So he was sent to hell.But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan),so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.

Well,Irish children made Jacks lanterns on October 31st from a large potato or turnip,hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside.And Irish children would carry them as they went from house to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla.The Irish name for these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern," abbreviated as " Jack-o-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern."

The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just childrens fun night.Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.

关于万圣节有这样一个故事.是说有一个叫杰克的爱尔兰人,因为他对钱特别的吝啬,就不允许他进入天堂,而被打入地狱.但是在那里他老是捉弄魔鬼撒旦,所以被踢出地狱,罚他提着灯笼永远在人世里行走.

在十月三十一日爱尔兰的孩子们用土豆和萝卜制作“杰克的灯笼”,他们把中间挖掉、表面上打洞并在里边点上蜡烛.为村里庆祝督伊德神的万圣节,孩子们提着这种灯笼挨家挨户乞讨食物.这种灯笼的爱尔兰名字是“拿灯笼的杰克”或者“杰克的灯笼”,缩写为Jack-o-lantern .

现在你在大多数书里读到的万圣节只是孩子们开心的夜晚.

Nowadays, with long holidays at hand,travelinghas become a new trend for

us to relax ourselves outside work. Some people even had made a plan for it a

long time before the holiday begins. They usually travel with good friends or

travel along; only few people take their parents into travel plan. However, I

think it is high time for us to travel with parents.

In the first place, we should spend more time with parents. According to

research, if we come home 5 days a year, spend 4 hours a day with parents, it

would be less than 300 hours of 30 years, which means 25 days. We could see it

now that there is not much time for us to spend with our parents after we go to

work or have our own family. Hence, we should travel with our parents.

In the second place, parents used to took us to travel when we were young,

why don’t we take them as return when we are capable to do that. It is not the

matter of we are set free from parents, we are not a traitorous teenager

anymore, and we have time and money, of course we should take a trip with

parents. Holiday would be a good time for us to travel with parents, just like

the old time.

To summarize, we should make a plan for parents in holiday. Holiday is a

great gift for us and our parents.

一、整体感知。

就是通过快速的浏览把握文章的说明对象。说明文中的说明对象一般是在说明文的这几个地方表现的：

1.文章的题目

2.文章的开头一句话。

3.章中的一句话

4.具体指出文章是从哪几个方面来说明文章要说明的对象。

二、研读品味。

在粗读的基础上，这次阅读是要带着题目进行阅读的过程。这个过程有很多题目是基础题目，要我们解决的是说明方法，说明文的语言和说明文中的文段在特定语境中的作用等几个方面的问题。

(一)说明方法。常见的说明方法有列数字，举例子、作比较、打比方、下定义、分类别、列图表、摹状貌、作诠释等，前五种却是我们最常见的。我们要把他们把握住，不仅能区别他们是哪一种说明方法，而且还要把握这种说明方法的作用。

1.常用的说明文方法及其作用

举例子，具体说明

列数字，准确说明

打比方，生动说明

作比较，突出说明

下定义，准确说明

2.如何区分作比较和打比方：

作比较

说明某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物，可以用具体的或者大家已经熟悉的事物和它比较，使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来。在作比较的时候，可以是同类相比，也可以是异类相比，可以对事物进行“横比”，也可以对事物进行“纵比”。

打比方

利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较，以突出事物的性状特点，增强说明的形象性和生动性的说明方法叫做打比方。说明文中的打比方的说明方法，同修辞格上的比喻是一致的。

(二)说明的语言。准确性是说明文语言的重要特点。

(三)文段在语境中的作用主要表现为承上启下的过度作用、总起等。

小学五年级的课程很快就要结束了，大家都希望在期末能考出好的成绩。那么复习的时候，我们不妨从以下几方面入手。

复习方法

一、基础知识要复习到位。

1、本册课文中的生字词、古诗、要背诵的课文段落、练习中的熟记成语、名言积累……一定要背得滚瓜烂熟，听(默)写正确。每次考试，看拼音写词语、按课文内容填空、古诗默写、名句填空等都是必考题，而且占的分数比例较大，如果这一类的知识牢牢地掌握了，考试必然不会太差。小学低年纪的形近字组词，也是考查的项目，我们在复习生字时，还可以联系到其它的形近字组词，让思维扩散开去。

2、学会梳理练习中的知识点。

语文的基础知识头绪较多，但每个学期都会有所侧重，这里的侧重训练点往往在练习中反映出来，因而我们在复习时不能忘记对练习的内容复习。如根据部首写字组词、改错字病句、关联词填空、加标点……这部分知识的复习，除了会做练习中的题之外，还应学会举一反三，解决这一类的问题。

二、阅读复习要注意方法。

小学中高年级，阅读在考试中占的分数比重较大，这一类题目怎样才能复习好呢？我们不妨翻看平时练习中的阅读题，看看出题的类型，平时错在什么地方，是答题不完整而失分，还是答题思路有偏差？找出错误原因之后，考试时注意纠正。做阅读题，不要一看短文就下笔，我们可以先看一遍短文，再读题，根据题目，找出短文中相应的内容，再读一读，联系前后文进行回答，答题之后，再读一读看看是否妥当。

三、作文的复习。

作文在考试中一般占试卷分数的30%或35%，我们复习时可以将自己平时写是较好的作文读一读，想想这篇文章写得好的原因是什么。考试时间有限，如果再来构思，可能就不一定来得及，我们在认真审题后，仔细想想平时写过的好作文是否有与之相符的，若有，则尽量用，这样省时，也不容易走题。

四、把每个单元的试卷再过好关。平时我们每个单元都会有小测验，到复习阶段，老师大多会将试卷发回，我们可以将试卷装订好，认真订正，查缺补漏。

复习的形式也可以多种多样，可以自己做好复习计划，有顺序地复习；可以同学之间结成学习对子或学习小组，相互竞赛地进行复习。只要找到适合你自己的复习的方法，认真复习，相信同学们一定能考出好成绩。

1、小说概念:是以刻画典型人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节和人物活动着的环境的描写来反映复杂的社会生活。

2、小说种类？

长篇小说、中篇小说、短篇小说、小小说

3、小说三要素？

人物、环境、情节

4、环境的种类及作用？

（1）自然环境

交代故事发生的时间、地点及人物活动的空间，衬托人物的心情。

（2）社会环境

交代事件发生的社会背景、时代特征，衬托人物性格，推动情节发展，

揭示文章主题。

5、情节由哪几部分构成？

（序幕）开端、发展、高潮、结局(尾声)

6．续写小说结尾。

按照小说故事情节发展的规律续写，要简洁含蓄，富有哲理，引人深思。

二、考点及答题技巧

〈一〉整体感知类题型及答题要点。

1.用短语或句子概括情节，写在空格内。

2.概述故事内容（特别注意情节双线发展的内容概括）

3.局部内容的理解

〈二〉人物形象分析的题型及答题要点

1.你认为主要人物是一个怎样的人？

2.结合内容具体分析人物的性格特征。

这类题的答题步骤：

①.答出描写人物的方法。（肖像、语言、动作、心理；侧面描写）

②答出这些方法的具体内容（找最能表现人物特点的重点词语和句子。）

③针对具体内容分析人物特点，注意从外在的肖像特点到内在的心里想法，再到精神品质。要分析全面，具体，不可泛泛而谈。

3.发挥想象，补写人物心理活动。

①心理活动的作用：揭示人物的内心世界，表现人物的思想感情，刻画人物性格，深化作品主题。

出现问题：

①.缺要素

②.心理活动不符合人物性格。

原因分析：

①.答题时随意，说的话不符合人物性格。

②不注意联系上下文，忽略了文中人物的潜台词。

这类题的答题方法：.通过语言、神态、动作分析人物的心理过程。

〈三〉环境描写的题型及答题要点

（节气、天气、气候、风物、景色）

环境描写的作用1.交代背景。2.推动情节。3.渲染气氛。4.刻画人物形象，衬托人物的性格、情绪。5.使故事情节更为生动、真实。6.使主题更为突出、深刻。7要表现一定的新鲜感受或微妙情绪，做到情景交融，能够给人以感染、启发和美的享受。

〈四〉理解标题的含义。

1．以主要内容或主要事件拟题。

2.以贯穿全文的线索拟题。

3.以有象征意义又暗含中心的的实物为题。

4.以主要人物为题。

5.以特定环境为题

分析标题的答题注意事项

①注意分析标题中的中心语和修饰语的含义。一般包含两层含义：一是内容概括，二是主题概括。

②.如果小说标题就揭示了中心，那就结合小说结尾答出文章中心。

〈五〉关于评价、体验、感悟、启示的问题。

这类题往往是考查学生们对文学作品内涵的把握。并结合自身经历谈体验、感悟等。

启示——领悟的道理。（结合人物、主题答）

体验——亲身经历或通过实践对周围事物的认识。

感悟——有所感触而领悟。

评价——对人、事的看法。

〈六〉关于写法的问题。

1.题材与主题的关系。

题材——表现主题的材料：人物、环境、事件

丰富人物性格，增强情节发展的真实性，艺术形象的可感性以及整个作品的艺术感染力。

2.倒叙、插叙的作用。

一般来说，倒叙的作用是设置悬念，为下文铺设，吸引读者。

3.伏笔——叙述的一种手法。对作品中将要出现的人物或事件，预先作出提示或暗示，以求前后呼应。其作用是有助于全文达到结构严谨，情节发展合理的效果。

4.悬念——作品使欣赏者所产生的一种关于事件发展和人物命运的紧张心情，这种心理活动叫作悬念。其作用是引起读者兴趣，加强作品的艺术感染力，具有引人入胜的艺术效果。

（七）对关键性词语含义的理解

一般来说，这类题目结合上下文，根据文章所提供的语言环境来理解词语在这个环境中的比喻义、象征义、指代义或者其所具有的内涵和外延，此知识点在湖南益阳的《白蝴蝶花》中就有考查到。在做题的过程中可借助“代入法”将自己的理解代入文中，检验一下这种理解与上下文的意思有无不协调，甚至冲突的地方。

（八）对主旨的把握

小说的主旨是文章的核心，只有主旨把握正确了，人物、环境才有章可循。概括中心的关键在于对文章中的人、物、事的整体性思考，要把重点集中在反映出来的社会现象上，人物在社会活动中表现出来的思想情感上和通过在对人命运的考察中领悟到的哲理上等等。还要多注意抒情议论式的句子，作者的观点往往隐于其中。再者，主旨的卷面表达也要注意其规范性，一般的模式为“通过____事表达一种_____现象（思想、品格）。

（九）刻画人物形象的方法

小说是以塑造人物为中心的，人物塑造的方法有①正面描写。也叫直接描写，即通过直接地描写人物的肖像、行动、语言、心理、神态来揭示人物思想品质及性格特点，反映作品主题。②侧面描写。也叫间接描写。即通过他人的言行间接写主人公。例如：《多收了三五斗》中米行老板的描写正烘托了“旧毡帽”的悲惨命运。③细节描写。通过分析人物的具体细微的肖像、动作、语言、心理、环境和场面的细枝末节的描写来表现人物性格。

在平常学习中要注意总结规律.

Dear Peter，

I’m writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor。

I want to have a pen friend， hopefully a girl in her early twenties， and with interests similar to mine。 In my mind， she is someone who is interested in traveling， swimming， and playing table tennis。 Besides， it would be better for her to have a pet dog as I have kept one at home for some time。 With such a pen friend， I think I can share with her our traveling experiences， taking care of pets， or whatever we have in mon。 And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country。

I look forward to hearing from you soon。

Dear Manager

I got to know the message that the position of the salesman in your company is empty, which made me excited about it, for that, I want it for a long time.

Please let me tell the reasons why I am so excited. Its so famous that it is hardly unknown to everyone. As known, in your company, the products are in a good qualification and the sales service is satisfied, which made me believe that your company would be a perfect stage for me.

Of course, the requirements for this position are high, but I think I am good enough for it. In the last four years, I worked very hard on my study and had a good understanding of professional knowledge. Besides, I took every chance to practice. I attended several activities and took up an internship is an organization. As a result, I developed great practical skills. And, I get CET-6 certification and choose the sales lessons. I think they would be helpful to be your staff.

I am looking forward to your reply.

if you want to understand adversity, take two identical acorns from the same oak tree and plant them in two different locations. plant the first in the middle of a dense forest, and the other on a hill by itself.

要是你想理解什么是逆境，就去拿两颗从同一棵树上摘下来年龄相同的橡树果，并且把它们种到不同的地方。第一颗种在浓密的树林当中，而另外一颗则单独种在一座山上。

heres what will happen. the oak standing on a hillside is exposed to every storm and gale. as a result its roots plunge deep into the earth and spread in every direction, even wrapping themselves around giant boulders. at times it may seem the tree isnt growing fast enough—but the growth is happening underground. its as if the roots know they must ported the tree from the threatening elements.

事情的结果便是这样。那颗长在山上的橡树经历了大风大雨，结果它的根深深地扎进了泥土中间，并不断向四周扩张，甚至把自己置身于巨大的石块当中。有时它可能看起来长的不是很快，但这时它却在地下悄悄生长着，好像它的根知道自己必须快速生长来保护树木免受自然危害的影响。

In recent years, college studentsfind it increasingly difficult toget a

job. It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent,

well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full

play. Then what underlies the strange phenomenon?

There are several reasons for this.To begin with, nowadays college students

aim too high. All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary,

comfortable working conditions, high social status among others. Consequently,

most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider

not“good” enough. Another reason is thatthere is a big gap between the majors

some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs. So companies think

some students are not fit for the jobs.

Solution to the problem requiresefforts on both the society and the

students. The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while

the latter should not merely aim at material gains. They should be down-to–earth

in building up their career. Furthermore, they should face their weak points so

as to improve themselves and be more competent.

During weekdays, I am busy, because I must go to school. I usually get up

at 6:30 a.m.. And then I do some washing. After that, I will have my breakfast

at 6:50. I usually go to school at 7:15. Now, I can go to school and come home

by myself. I have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. I have

my lunch at home. I study Chinese, math, English and some other subjects at

school. At night, I can watch TV or play computer. But I have to finish my

homework first. I usually go to bed at 10:00 p.m..

It goes without saying that english plays an important role in our modern

society. english is an international language. wherever you go, you can hear

english spoken by many people.

From this point of view, it is true that english is important to our daily

life. learning english is like learning to swim or learning to play ball. our

primary trouble is that we have tackled the study of language from the wrong

end. we are like theman who thinks he can learn to swim only by reading books

about swimming. in actuality, we learn by doing. the grammatical rules are

valuable as we plunge into the language and need some assistance. in the same

way, advanced instructions about swimming are helpful as we learn something from

actual experience in the water. but reading books never makes a swimmer and

learning rules never makes a practical linguist. the regular procedure in

learning english involves listening first, to be followed by speaking. then

comes reading, and finally the writing of the language. the way you learn

english is much the same as the way you learned your own language.

First of all you must listen and then repeat and repeat until you can use

the language easily. in other words, you have to build up language habits in

english just as you build up english habits in your own language. to sum up, we

must bear in mind that nobody can learn to swim for you. nobody can learn to

play ball for you. nobody can learn english for you. its up to you. you must

learn for yourself and you will learn if you really want to and are willing to

practice.

合上《活着》的时候，落日酡红的脸蛋恰好沾上了地平线，那一片黄土便愈发迷蒙，让我仿佛看到了福贵与牛。福贵蹲靠在光秃秃的树干下，一杆烟袋冒着丝缕白烟，老牛许是倦了，耷拉着脑袋，不知在思索还是睡着了。阳光扫过略有雾气的黄土地，将镂刻的剪影慢慢投射过来，印在了我的心上。

福贵的爹是掉下粪缸死的，或许还要更早。在福贵败光了家产后，福贵的爹便已经没有了奔头，生的念头没有了，人也就算死了，不管他是否还是如常吃饭、睡觉、蹲粪缸，行尸走肉与死有什么分别呢?这让我想起了春生。春生的死又何尝不是如此呢?到底他们是没有看透，有什么能比活着更美好呢?老子曰：祸兮福之所倚;福兮祸之所伏。龙二设下赌局骗光了福贵的家产，可下场呢?龙二死前说了一句：福贵，我是替你去死啊。是福是祸，当真难以定论。

福贵的娘是病死的，家珍也是病死的。要说唯一的不同，就是福贵的娘临死没能见上福贵一面吧。生老病死，谁又能左右呢?她们最欣慰的，可能也就是福贵娘死前一遍遍重复的话：福贵是不会去赌钱的。是的，经历了浮沉，钱财再多又能怎样呢?

家珍应该说是福贵的福星了。婚礼上他们常说：你是否愿意无论是顺境或逆境、富裕或贫穷、健康或疾病、快乐或忧愁，都毫无保留的爱他，对他忠诚?家珍从来没有接到这样的提问，却成为了“我愿意”这三个字忠实的践行者。家珍的心栓在整个家上，拴住有庆和凤霞的身上，直到有庆和凤霞全都走了，她也便跟着去了。

有庆死于抽血过多，凤霞死于生孩子。有庆这个善良的孩子，却死于他的善良，让人唏嘘不已;凤霞为了一个生命的诞生而献出了自己的生命，让人愈发感受到生命的可贵。读后感·两个人都死于医院，这让福贵对医院产生了深深的恐惧。那种白发人送黑发人的痛苦，也暗暗锻磨了福贵的生存意志。

二喜放不下的或许只剩苦根了。凤霞死后，他所有的生存意念都放在了儿子身上。可造化弄人，他还是死了。临死前那把胸膛都喊破的苦根，像极了另一个版本的《呐喊》，只不过这个呐喊的主题是活着。

苦根也死了，整个家庭唯一的香火死于穷苦。因为穷苦，他连豆子都很少吃，结果一次性吃了很多豆子，撑死了。所有的亲人都死去了，只剩下孤零零的福贵。

不，还有一头同样年迈的老牛。

夕阳渐渐沉下了地平线，福贵起身，牵着老黄牛渐渐走远。我不敢猛然合上书本，怕把最后一抹生命夹死。扉页的“活着”二字愈来愈显眼，我却突然想起了《红楼梦》，想起了那句：好一似食尽鸟投林，落了片白茫茫大地真干净!

导语：该剧讲述了明代著名女医谭允贤凭借对医学的痴迷和热爱，克服重重困难，开创并建立女医制度，最终成为一代女国医的经历。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

第1集 允贤俆府救人挨家法

大明中期，程朱理学兴盛，礼教苛严，女子地位地下，贵族女子不得抛头露面，即使生病，也要谨遵男女有别，以致于隐疾难治，而女子从医则更是容易被世人议论为“三姑六婆”，名声不雅。明英宗朱祁镇继为皇位，孙太后辅政，英宗年少荒诞，亲信东厂太监头目曹吉祥，孙太后以此为由迟迟不肯归政。徐侍郎家大摆寿筵为太夫人贺寿，实则是以贺寿为由为徐家公子挑选儿媳，各家小姐争相展现才艺，安和郡主汪美麟才艺出众，赢得众人喝彩，只有杭允贤一人不为所动。代父送礼的允贤被徐府院子里的一株药草铁皮石斛吸引，在采摘药草的时候，婢女紫苏被陌生男子挟持，允贤发现对方身中剧毒，性命垂危，不但不计前嫌，反而施以援手，将铁皮石斛赠给对方解毒。原来这名陌生男子是铖王朱祁玉，孙太后想将铖王立为新君，曹吉祥唯恐东厂地位因此受到撼动，遂背着皇上派人追杀铖王。东厂的人闯入徐府搜捕，混乱中，徐太夫人突然中风，众人皆手足无措，唯有通于医理的允贤镇定施救，施针放血，及时救回徐太夫人的性命。汪美麟在其父汪国公的授意下假装晕倒避人耳目，随后偷偷找到铖王，将其藏在自己的轿中带出徐府。救了人受到众人高度赞扬的允贤回到家却招来父亲的一顿家法，因允贤违反了“族人不得从医”的家训——谭家祖上为御医，却因被奸人陷害而遭遇灭顶之灾，允贤的爷爷为了庇护家人上吊自杀，以此谢罪，允贤的哥哥也在逃亡的途中不治丧命。谭家从此改名换姓，换为杭姓，允贤的父亲也因此入军职，以期立下军功早日晋升，在朝堂上为家族洗清冤屈。虽有家训如此，但允贤天资聪颖且热衷学医，允贤的奶奶亦不忍谭家医学自此失传，遂默许允贤自幼随其学习医理。

第2集 允贤皇上初遇 合力救人

奶奶得知允贤不但在俆府擅自施针救人，还给徐太夫人开了药方，奶奶让允贤背药方，发现允贤用药有所偏差，急忙示意紫苏到徐府，让徐府换掉药方，好在徐府早已采用新药方，允贤得以逃过一难。虽然并未铸成大错，但允贤还是为徐太夫人的病许久未好利索而感到自责。允贤到永庆庵祈福，教庵内尼姑以燕子窝和油帮人治恶疮，住持静慈师太见其妙手仁心邀其内坛进香。于家夫人小产，于大人虽与夫人情深意重，但却拘泥于男女有别而不肯为其夫人请男大夫看诊，于夫人的婢女遂来到永庆庵求救，得知前来进香的允贤懂医理便求允贤随她去救人，允贤不仅医者仁心，且十分敬重于大人的官品为人，欲前往救人，但又碍于父亲的训诫不敢贸然行事，纠结不已。这时，突然出现在庵内的纨绔公子元宝，却毅然决定出手相助，鼓动允贤同其驾马车前往于家救人。允贤一开始并不信任元宝为人，且碍于规矩礼节有所犹豫，静慈师太说服两人一同前往。见元宝一路嬉戏调笑，允贤点了他的麻经，元宝生气之下让随从停下马车，好似忘了要去救人，允贤愤而下了马车，打算徒步去救人。允贤用一番正义之辞指责元宝，被允贤的善良和正义打动的元宝更加坚定了去救人的决心，强行将允贤扛上马车。允贤为于夫人施针止血之后，开出药方，两袖清风的于大人因为其中的一味药材“阿胶”颇为昂贵而苦恼，见此情形，元宝随手给出一个金元宝让其解燃眉之急，而刚直不阿的于大人却一昧拘于旧礼，不但不受反而要开门送客。元宝、允贤同于大人这个“老顽固”据理力争，最终说服了于大人接受二人的帮助。 返回的途中，元宝为于大人受到孙太后最宠幸的太监压制打击而打抱不平，允贤误以为元宝是因犯了事而得罪了孙太后，建议元宝去请求汪国公这样的太后亲信去为其说情，元宝听了却异常愤怒。此时的允贤并不知道眼前的这个纨绔公子元宝就是那个世人眼中荒唐的皇帝，更不明白元宝心中对于太后的不满和厌恶。

第3集允贤祁钰互生情愫

救完于夫人，允贤同郑齐乘马车返回永庆庵，途中允贤的一番“劝解之辞”竟意外惹怒郑齐，郑齐不顾允贤弃马车而去，允贤只好打定主意自己架马车回去，不料马却突然受惊失控，允贤陷入险境，正巧路过的祁钰出手相助，蹿上马背，抱住马脖子，用手蒙住马的眼睛，使马镇静下来，助允贤脱离了险境。允贤欲谢救命之恩，祁钰却率先发现自己救的正是当日赠药草相助的善良女子，允贤也从祁钰手中的那株“铁皮石斛”记起当日情形。二人正巧都要前往永庆庵遂同行，允贤发现祁钰碰到伤口，于是将自己的丝帕赠予祁钰擦拭伤口。祁钰临时改变行程，与允贤别过，得知允贤姓“杭”，推测允贤是杭将军的女儿，并从丝帕上知道允贤名中有一“贤”字。祁钰拾到允贤摔坏的玉簪，问了随从京城中最好的珠宝铺子，打算送去修理或仿制。于大人携于夫人到访杭府，欲谢允贤救命之恩，允贤本担心于大人向父亲言明她再次私自行医救人的事实，非常紧张，但于大人此次竟比当日豁达开明得多，不仅帮允贤隐瞒了真相，还向杭父坦言想要认允贤为义女的意向，杭父应允，于杭两家自此结为通家之好。于夫人请允贤到于府做客，并将允贤以义女身份介绍给其闺阁好友，得知允贤懂得岐黄之术，众夫人小姐竟一番讥讽，但允贤心思聪颖，不仅不生气，反而巧用美容养颜的“七白膏”化解了尴尬，并答应给各位夫人小姐制作七白膏相赠。祁钰派小厮给允贤送回玉簪和丝帕，紫苏见此情形拿允贤与那位朱祁钰朱公子打趣，见祁钰如此赤诚，允贤也不免芳心萌动。太后私下见祁钰，并示明欲立他为新君的意图，而祁钰却感念于与皇兄朱祁镇的情谊以及恪守为人臣子的本分断然拒绝，太后因此大为恼怒，当即命人对祁钰施加了一顿皮肉之苦。

第4集

汪美麟得知祁钰被关担心不已，而曹吉祥在永庆庵没有接应到祁钰。徐侍郎上门与杭纲商议两家的亲事，允贤当面拒绝了徐侍郎，徐侍郎忿忿而去，杭纲亦是大怒。 王夫人慕允贤七白膏的美名前来讨要，谁知允贤非但说她不适合使用、而且还指出她体含诸多病症，王夫人讳疾忌医十分不快、忿忿离开。于夫人为允贤抗婚的事劝导了她，谁知徐夫人因为徐公子本不是她的亲子，并未因此而责怪允贤，相反热切地请她为自己看诊，并坚持要她写下了需要购买的药名。谁知徐夫人抓药服用后竟然一命呜呼，徐侍郎将允贤告上了顺天府。 程十三的侄子、刘平安的弟子程村霞从南京太医院归来，为了给他一个露脸的机会，程十三让他去庭上辅助庭审。 允贤被收监大牢，杭老夫人、于夫人前去狱中探望允贤。

第5集

在徐侍郎的安排下，允贤被换到了条件极差的牢房，周围尽是病人。允贤见不得狱友受苦，热心为她们诊治，却苦于狱卒刁难，没办法配药。送牢饭的罗大娘原是个医婆，她被允贤的侠义心肠所动，便教她救人，又传授了许多民间治病救人的奇特偏方，让允贤获益匪浅。她还提醒说，徐夫人可能服用过其他药理冲突的药草，这才身亡。案子开审时，允贤质疑徐夫人私自服用过其他药物，矛头直指太医院隶下的惠民药局。被软禁的祁钰得知允贤陷入官非却无力营救，十分着急，让吴太妃设法救助允贤，吴贤妃派人拿银子贿赂出庭作证的程村霞，遭到拒绝。原本程村霞要听从叔叔程十三的安排维护惠民药局的声誉，就更加以为允贤品性不端。程十三怕徐夫人之死一事连累到自己的名誉，让程村霞一定要把责任都推到允贤身上。