英语原版小说的阅读技巧与策略热门20篇

In the summer vacation is very meaningful for me, because I met a special

"friend" -- the tortoise.

The appearance of the tortoise is very silly, bravery, small, easily

indented his head into the shell, but because of this, I like talking to it,

what secret all tell it, the tortoise seems to understand. A few days to get

along with down, our relationship has been very deep.

Someone says: love is not necessarily have, also can be let go. Everyone

has his own family, tortoise, too, so I decided to let the turtle go home. I

took the decision to tell dad, dad said I was a sensible child, also promised to

take the turtle home with me.

Along the way, I firmly hold the tortoise and the turtle seemed to

understand that we are about to separate, very good to lay in my arms. Dad and I

found a very clean in the reservoir, where we are and the tortoise took a group

photo, then put the turtle in the water. Looking at the turtle swam slowly to

the water, my tears constantly supposed although there are countless heart

loathe to give up, but love it should not let it go? I waved and said,

"good-bye, tortoise, I wish you a speedy reunion with my family." Turtle swam

for a while, and turned to head looked at us, and then swam to the bottom. My

father and I you look at me, I see you, everyone laughed happily.

Look, what a meaningful summer vacation!

The Hollywood culture is favored by the world. Every year, the movies

produced by Hollywood always win both money and fame. In recent years, the US TV

series are also popular and catch more fans. The English language shows become

the winners all the time. But non-English language shows are starting to

arise.

The most famous non-English language movies are Indian movies. Because of

the Bollywood, which came before Hollywood, Indian movies are produced well and

have its own feature. Besides, more TV series of non-English language are

popular around the world. The Swedish show Skam is the hottest, and a lot of

Chinese young fans are so crazy about it.

Watching the show is a good way to learn the language and culture. It is a

good trend for people to pay attention to various cultures. Today, as the world

gets globalized, it is important to know more about the world and broaden our

vision. Though what we learn from the non-English language shows is limited, it

is better than not to watch.

记叙文是以叙述人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它是写作训练中最普遍、最基本的一种文体。记叙文以写实为主，但也可以虚拟。如人物传记、历史故事或新闻报导这类非虚拟的故事是记叙文，神话故事、寓言、幽默故事等也属记叙文。记叙文通常分为三类：

1. 以记人为主的记叙文。即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物来写一、两件事。

2. 以事件为主的记叙文。即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件，可以写一个人或几个人。

3. 以写景状物为主的记叙文。但应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不可截然分开，但各有侧重。

【写作注意】

写作中应遵循以下几点：

1. 交待要素，即人、时、地、事。

2. 按事件发生的先后顺序叙述, 完整、具体。

3. 要重点突出，目的明确。记叙文所记的都是过去发生的事，原则上通常用过去时态写。

【写作实例】

假如你是武汉大学附中高三(1)的李华，今年即将高中毕业。请根据以下要点给某英文报写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对高三生活的看法。

(1)对获得的帮助表示感谢;

(2)消除与 同学之间的误会;

(3)努力学习，实现人生梦想;

(4)对学弟、学妹的建议。

注意：

(1)可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯;

(2)词数：100左右(开头已给出，不计入总词数) 。

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior 3 student, it wont take lon g before I graduate._____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________

【猜题理由】本篇书面表达能比较真实地反映学生的生活实际，话题内容关注学生的社交生活和树立健康的人生观，具有考查的现实意义和指导意义;在语言表达上，能够让学生充分运用所学知识，毫无词汇障碍地表达自己的思想;此外，在语言表达的设置上也有一定的伸展性，能有效地激发学生个 性观点的创建。

【构思点拨】本篇书面表达是常见 的提纲类型的写作，要点明确清楚，便于学生组织文章，理清脉络。行文时要注意处理好语言表达的控制性和伸展性之间的关系。

【参考范文】

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior three student, it wont take long before I graduate. Now, I have much to share with my fellow students.

Firstly, I would like to show my appreciation to those standing by me all the way, teachers, pare nts and friends included. Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, its high time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood. Communication and smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, Ive made up my mind to make every effo rt to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."

Finally I hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.

My holiday was good. I stayed at home for sometime. I went to Tianyi Square

and bought same games. But one day, my monther, my younger brother and I went to

Tianyi digital square to buy games. And I bought a new uniform in the evening.

Id like to have a glass of apple juice my monther bought it for me. I says, "

Thanks a lot. " I bought some shoes. I want a pair of sports shoes. In the shop,

the wonderful song added tour pleasure. I see the black shoes. my monther says,

" There are beautiful !"

I was happy that day, because I went to Tianyi Square and had a lot of

fum.

In my family, there are only three people, my parents and I. because of my

parents’ work, they could only have one child at that time, so I don’t have any

siblings. I felt so lonely when my parents went out for their work. Now the

government changed their policy, people can have the second child. But some

people refuse because they think they can’t afford it. Despite the expense,

there are many advantages to have the second child. For one thing, the only

child can have someone company, so they won’t feel lonely on the process of

growing up. For another thing, two kids will help each other, they can share

things together. Learning to share things is a very important lesson for

children. In Chinese tradition, more kids, more better, but I think two are

perfect for the family.

一、指导思想

目前初三的英语教学中，因种种因素，造就了相当一部分英语学习比较困难，并伴有的差生。因此对这部分学生加强心理指导，培养培养的心理素质，帮助他们尽快走出困境，成为学习的主人，就显得十分必要。学科教学是学校教育的主渠道、主阵地，学科学习是学生的主导活动，学生大量的心理困惑都产生于学习过程中，各种人格品质也在学科的学习中得到发展。英语作为语言学科，在教学中加强德育及心理方面渗透工作，坚持以人为本，坚持教育创新，坚持______，坚持内涵发展，以行为习惯养成教育为重点，以加强细节教育。

二、工作要点

对于向学生进行思想教育、品德教育、科学文化教育和心理素质教育，在本学期的教学中加强德育工作如下：

(一)有敬业精神，热爱学生。

要用自己的爱来唤起和培养学生对学习的爱，从而引伸到对生活的爱。其实，英语课堂教学不只是语言知识的学习和操练，而是一种温馨的情感交流、智慧潜能的开发，社会__交际能力的早期培养，是师生共同创造精神生活的活动。因此教师在教学中，要尊重学生的人格，建立平等、互相尊重的和谐师生关系，使学生在宽松、融洽、愉快的氛围中进行学习的同时，品德得到培养，性格得到完善。

(二)创新教育让学困生自主学习

传统的英语教学模式中，学生自使自终是被动者，即使是一些很有天赋的好学生。久而久之，也缺乏了创造力。不少学生的学习参与意识差，不愿主动思考和提出问题，更不主动解决问题。依赖于教师现成的说教答案，因此，教师必须更新教学观念，树立心的学生观和教学观。我认为，新的学生观最本质的内容就是在教学中真正能够树立合作教学的观念新的学生观念作根本的出发点就是尊重学生，在英语教学汇总充分发挥每个学生的主体作用，使他们真正成为学习的主人。

(三)渗透情感与学生建立良好的师生关系

情感具有迁移作用。亲其师，则信其道。学生对老师的情感能改善学生对所学学科的倾向性。只要师生建立起相互信赖的感情，学生对老师所提出的要求就容易接受。我们的教学活动能就比较顺利地开展。学困生并非自然固有。学困生渴求得到尊重与关心，信任与理解。教师只有用真诚的爱才能使他们感到温暖，消除自卑，树立信心，才能使他们自尊、自爱、奋发进取。我认为，对于学困生，只要我们真诚地给予关心和帮助，他们也会以爱和敬意来回报我们。他们是不会让老师失望的。

(四)赏识教育让学困生树立自信心

自尊心是一个人对自身的评价，对自身存在的价值和态度的体现。任何学生都有自尊心和荣誉感，每当自己在学习上取得点滴成绩时，总希望得到老师的表扬，学困生更是如此。差生由于羞怯心理，往往在课堂上不敢开口，因此，我对学困生从不大声呵斥，而是具体深入地分析他们之所以差的原因，然后对症下药，循循善诱，在加强辅导的同时，根据学生的发展情况进行有弹性的鼓励。实践证明：利用语言表扬、神情暗示、肢体示意等多种方法，给予学困生以的鼓励是行之有效的，能使他们对自己充满自信，树立学好英语的信心。

2022初中英语教师个人工作计划【篇六】 2022 junior high school English teacher personal work plan [Chapter 6]

一、指导思想

在本学期的英语教学中，坚持以下面的教学理念为指导：第一，切实地了解学生的真实水平，注意衔接，尽快使学生适应我的英语教学;第二，教学要面向全体学生，关注学生的情感，激发他们学习英语的兴趣;第三，以学生为主体，尊重个体差异，因材施教;第四，在新课标的指导下，倡导学生体验参与学习，完成设计目标;第五，注重过程性评价，建立能鼓励学生自主学习能力发展提高的综合评价体系。

二、学生情况分析

本届学生在英语基础方面很薄弱，由于在以前学习英语的过程中，没有很详细全面地学习音标，基本的音标和字母拼读都没有掌握好。在词汇，语法规则等方面存在很多缺漏。所以，在听、说、读、写这四项技能上，学生水平存在很大差异。

另外，学生在学习策略和情感态度方面也存在诸多需要进一步解决的问题。例如：许多学生不能明确学习英语的目的，学习缺乏主动性、自觉性;大多数同学没有养成良好的学习习惯，不能做好课前预习和课后复习工作，学习没有计划性和策略性，也不注意知识的积累和巩固。

最后，学生对新教材缺乏一定程度上的了解，还不适应新课改指导下的一些教学方法。在课堂上，习惯像以往被动地接受所传授的知识，不善于发现和总结语言规律，学习的主体性不突出。

三、教材与教辅的分析

1、内容与结构

每一单元除了关注阅读、写作、听力、视听说等语言实践活动，还关注语言知识、情感态度、文化意识和学习策略等。其中，教材加强了文化意识的提高和学生学习策略的培养，是相较于以前教材很大的不同。

2、教材的特点

首先突出学习者的发展，包括注重学习策略的培养和使用;注重提高学生的语言认知能力;为教师和学生提供个性化的选择;其次努力提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。具体为：为学生提供更多的体验真实语言的机会;精心设计教学活动，使学生看到明确的目标和明确的成果;为学生发展语言运用能力提供详尽的语言支持;重视复现。

3、教材的重难点

该套教材强调学生综合语言运用能力的培养和提高，所以重点在于培养学生用英语获取信息、处理信息的能力;用英语分析问题、解决问题的能力;用英语进行思维和表达的能力。难点在于学生在情感态度和学习策略上的改变，达到用英语思维和表达的目标。

4、教学目标

⑴总体目标：激发学生学习英语的兴趣，树立自信心。在整个教学过程中，让学生有丰富的生活常识、多文化背景的积累，并形成正确人生观、价值观，有积极的情感态度和跨文化的交际能力。同时培养自主学习能力，积累学习方法。

⑵具体目标：结合学生基础知识过于薄弱的实际，在教学刚开始的阶段，注意高一和初中知识的衔接，例如复习音标和字母拼读规律，积累基础词汇、词语搭配、句型，熟悉不同单元呈现的语法规则，掌握实际用法。希望第一学期后，学生能培养学习的兴趣，养成较好的学习习惯，对基础知识有一定的掌握。

5、教学措施

⑴让学生每天积累几个单词，利用“互测及教师抽查”及时检查，保证效果并坚持下去。

⑵认真贯彻晨读制度：规定晨读内容，加强监督，保证晨读效果。

⑶实行过程性评价，调动学生积极性，通过不同方式的检测，让进步的同学体会到成就感，让落后的同学找出差距，感受压力。由此在班里形成浓厚的学习氛围，培养学生健康向上的人格和竞争意识。

⑷关注学生的情感，营造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围。

⑸在教学中根据目标并结合教学内容，创造性地设计贴近学生实际的教学活动，吸引和组织他们积极参与。学生通过思考、调查、讨论、交流和合作等方式，学习和使用英语，完成学习任务。

⑹经常进行教学反思，适时调整教学方法，符合学生的真实情况，利于学生的有效性学习。

从所任课班级实际情况和本身条件出发，认真进行思考和改正。多关注学科教研的发展，多多听课向有经验的老师虚心学习，取之所长，多和同事交流探讨，交换教学思想和方法，避己所短，不断进步。积极参与学科的相关课题研究，撰写论文，参加教研组，备课组的教研活动。

I’m neither interested in sports nor good at it. But except swimming. I can

swim since I was a baby. My mother tells me that she let me swim in the water

with a life-buoy when I was 20 days old. And then I can swim gradually. When I

grow up, I like swimming very much. I swim all the year round. Swimming in

summer makes me feel comfortable to lower my temperature. While winter swimming

makes me feel excited and achievability. In general, swimming keeps me fit in

both physical and mental. Whenever I feel upset, I would go swimming and then I

would be full of energy and feel relax. Besides I believe it is due to swimming

that I’m so thin. Who wants to lose weight, join me. We can make more friends in

swimming. Oh, I couldn’t wait to swim now. But it is ten o’clock in the evening.

I have to go to sleep. Good night everyone.

自从读上了《三国演义》这本书后，我认识了许许多多的三国英雄也明白了很能多故事，如刘备、关羽、张飞、袁绍、曹操《刘关张桃园三结义》《陆逊火烧连营七百里》《关羽温酒斩华雄》可是令我受益良多的，是《关羽温酒斩华雄》这个故事。

这个故事说了，董卓在汉山横行霸道，有一次令华雄到袁绍寨前挑战，袁绍派名将俞涉、潘凤出击，谁知都被斩了。关羽请战，却因关羽只是马弓手被袁绍大骂。曹操却酾上温酒让关羽壮胆，关羽要求先战后喝。关羽果然斩了华雄，并且回到寨时酒还尚温，曹操大喜。

关羽温酒斩华雄这一段写的栩栩如生，仅用几个词就写出了当时的激烈场面，鼓声大震，喊声大举天摧地塌，岳撼山崩，是这段的点眼之笔。酾提掷更写出了关云长的英勇、大胆。这也正是云长停盏施英勇，酒尚温时斩华雄。可见关羽比那些认为厉害的人要强好多。

《关羽温酒斩华雄》让我明白了，做人，不能只看表面和他的职位定一个人的才能，并且不能只欣赏地位很高的人，因为他们不必须是最棒的，或者真正的人才。天才在一些不起眼的人群当中，可能他的才能比地位很高的人强记多了，却只是还没被人发掘出来。这个故事还告诉了我：做人就必须做像关羽一个勇敢、有胆识、有自信、雄心壮志，不能贪生怕死、胸无大志。让我们也来当上个小英雄!

曹操招兵买马，会合袁绍、公孙瓒、孙坚等十七路兵马，攻打董卓。刘备、关羽和张飞追随公孙瓒一同前往。董卓大将华雄打败了十八路兵马的先锋孙坚，又在阵前杀了两员大将，十分得意。十八路诸侯都很惊慌，束手无策，袁绍说：可惜我的大将颜良、文丑不在，不然，就不怕华雄了。话音刚落，关羽高声叫道：小将愿意去砍下华雄的脑袋!

袁绍认为关羽可是是个马弓手，就生气地说：我们十八路诸侯大将几百员，却要派一个马弓手出战，岂不让华雄笑话。关羽大声说：我如果杀不了华雄，就请砍下我的脑袋。曹操听了，十分欣赏。于是，就倒了一杯热酒，递给关羽说：将军喝了这杯酒，再前去杀敌。关羽接过酒杯，又放在桌上说：等我杀了华雄再回来喝吧!说完，提着大刀上马去了。

关羽武艺高强，没一会儿，就砍下了华雄的脑袋。他回到军营，曹操连忙拿起桌上的酒杯递给他，此时，杯中的酒还是热的。

A fun-filled， pain-free lifestyle equaling happiness actually reduces their

chances of ever obtaining real happiness. As a result，many people avoid the very

attempts that are the source of true happiness.And the real happiness always

contains some pain .In the other hand， true happiness has nothing to do with

fun. All those who always have so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

I have a bitter experience. When I was a child， I lived a poor life，and I

had a happy and meaningful life in my childhood. And my parents were always

respecting each other. And now we have some money，and our life has improved a

lot. To tell the truth， it is a good thing. Unfortunately，My father always goes

out and takes part in the gambling activities. And my mother sometimes quarrels

with my father. I am extremely unhappy about it. I think money doesnt equal

happiness. And pain-free lifestyle also doesnt equal happiness. The real

happiness is that everyone loves each other， and does everything useful for our

society. Most of my classmates support me. But some of them think money is

everything. In my opinion，we cant do things without money. But money cant take

the place of everything，such as your life，your time and your happiness.

引导语：说明文阅读答题技巧。说明文阅读在平时测试、期末考试中都占有很大的比重，如何快速掌握阅读方法，这才是提高阅读效率的首要问题。下面是小编为你带来的做说明文的阅读技巧，希望对你有所帮助。

一、分类

1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。

2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。

二、说明的顺序

时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

逻辑顺序的具体分析：主--次、原因--结果、现象--本质、特征--用途、

一般--个别、概括--具体、整体--局部。

典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序?有何作用?

答题格式：本文使用了的说明顺序对加以说明，使说明更有条理性。(第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用事理、科学事理等模糊性的语言表述。)

三、说明的方法

1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较：把和加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方：将比作，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式--

A、引用具体的事例;(作用同举例子)

B、引用具体的数据;(作用同列数字)

C、引用名言、格言、谚语;作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

(引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。)

四、说明文的语言品析

1、对整篇文章语文的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确;B、形象生动或简明平实。

A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。

格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如一句，就准确/生动形象/简明平实地说明了事物的特征/事理，

2、对具体篇/句/词的评析

篇/句的作用基本同上。

字词作用有以下考查形式：

A、加点字词有何作用?B、能否替换为另一个词语?C、加点词语能否删去?

这种题目往往要结合说明语言的准确性(有时是体现语言生动性)的特点答题。第二种题型还要在答题中比较二者的区别。第三种题型还要加上删去后不符合人们认识客观事物的规律或与客观事实不符合之类的表述。

五、说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

模式：这篇文章主要运用了的说明方法，说明了(内容：事物特征或事理)，使说明(作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用)

2、结合修辞手法谈

模式：这是一篇生动说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了(内容)，使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象;抒怀议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，格式如下：这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有(从记叙、描写、说明、议论根据内容选择)，如(具体举例)，就是(表达方式)的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

六、说明语段的作用

这种题目答题的角度有三：

(1)、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

(2)、结合说明方法谈。

通过的说明方法，说明了(事物特征或事理)，使说明(作用)。

Courage is very important. Everyone needs it. We will meet many

difficulties in our life and sometimes we will fail, but we can’t lose courage.

If we lose courage, we can’t do anything, because we don’t dare to do anything;

we are afraid of failure. This is my Chinese teacher me in the first class. I

agree with him. For example, we don’t have the courage to hands up to say our

answer, how can we know we are right or wrong. I will remember his word

forever,” never lose courage .”

I imagine a lot about lives in the future. I think two words can summarize

my imagination. The first word is fast. In the future, we will have more quickly

transportation means. Now matter how far we go, it takes only a short time. With

the development of science and technology, we can travel to the moon, Mars or

somewhere outer space. People may can live in other planets. The second word is

convenient. Because of the fast development of our society, many work can be

done by computers or even robots. Lots of things are fully automated. Humans

just need to give some simple instructions to complete complecated tasks.

Speaking of reading, thats and I have a deep love! In reading, I learned a lot of knowledge, understand a lot of truth. I have benefited a lot from!

When I was a child, no matter I like it or not, my mother always told me before you go to bed a bedtime story ", and "reading" with me. Gradually, I will love the book, Ive always wanted to own to read a book.

Slowly, I have reached the age of the kindergarten. This time, I began to try to read some picture books, at this time, I understand a lot of sense from the picture books, learned a lot of knowledge. Also, my mother gave me booked child illustrated, I always look fondle admiringly. Once, I was watching the childrens illustrated, mother cried, I eat dinner, but I did not even hear listen to, continue to see their childrens illustrated, after a while, mother cant wait, came over and asked me to eat, I just dream again wake up, go to the dinner table.

Pretty soon, I was in primary school, my mother is in the post office gave me a book "we love science", "small Copernicus", "scientific inquiry" and other books, also borrowed a lot of books in the library, also bought me a lot of good books online! For me, I also often habitually study good books in the home, soon, I will put a lot of books to drill through, during this period, I have mastered a lot of knowledge, such as the nature of the book: I know the growth of the tree is to start from the top, paper, up to seven times, the candles in the water also can burn, friction in the application of life, etc.; The history books: let me know the history of five thousand years of Chinese civilization, know the four great inventions in ancient China, and know a lot of celebrity anecdotes, know the "water can carry the boat, also swallows" profound truth; Read literature books: let me understand a lot of human reason, be kind, be love, be grateful, be tolerant to others, to persevere, be brave.

Because a lot of reading, but also let me learn better. Math, I can quickly understand the question, seize the key points, clever problem solving; Do Chinese reading questions, because of the large amount of reading, I rarely lose points on it. Composition is my strengths, my composition is often happy, as my class! When writing blog, because of large amount of reading, writing articles is often recommended.

Now, I have become a veritable little bookworm, reading, nature will grow with me.

说起阅读，那可是和我有着很深的缘分呢!在阅读中，我学到了很多知识，懂得了很多道理。使我受益匪浅!

小时候，不管我喜欢不喜欢，妈妈总会在睡觉前给我讲一个“睡前故事”，还和我一起“读书”。渐渐的，我就喜欢上了书本，一直想自己去看书。

慢慢地，我已经到了上幼儿园的年龄了。这个时候，我开始尝试着去读一些绘本了，这个时候的我，从绘本中明白了很多道理，懂了很多知识。而且，妈妈还给我订了《幼儿画报》，我看起来总是爱不释手。有一次，我正在看《幼儿画报》，妈妈大声喊我吃饭，我却连听都没听见，继续看自己的《幼儿画报》，过了一会儿，妈妈等不及了，走过来让我去吃饭，我这才梦如初醒般的，走到了饭桌上。

很快，我上小学了，妈妈就在邮局给我订了《我们爱科学》、《小哥白尼》、《科学探索》等书，也在图书馆里借了很多书，还在网上给我买了很多好书!我呢，也经常习惯性地钻研家里的好书，很快，我就把很多书都钻了个透，在这期间，我掌握了大量的知识，比如看科普类的书：我知道了树是由顶端开始生长的、纸张最多可以折七次、蜡烛在水里也可以燃烧、摩擦力在生活中的应用等;看历史方面的书：让我知道了中华五千年的文明历史、知道了我国古代的四大发明、知道了很多的名人趣事、知道了“水可载舟，亦可覆舟”的深刻道理;看文学方面的书：让我懂得了很多做人的道理、做人要善良、要有爱心、要懂得感恩、对他人要宽容、做事要持之以恒、要勇敢等。

因为大量的阅读，还让我的学习更优秀。做数学题时，我能很快的读懂题意，抓住关键点，巧妙解题;做语文的阅读题时，由于阅读量大，我很少在这上面失分。作文就更是我的强项，我的作文常被作为班里范文呢!在写博客的时候，因为阅读量大，写出的文章时常被推荐。

现在，我已经成为了一只名副其实的小书虫，阅读呢，自然将伴着我成长。

从近年来全国各地的语文中考试题看，说明文在整个试卷中所占的比例也逐年增大。其难度也在逐年提高。下面是小编帮大家整理的初中语文说明文阅读基本知识及答题技巧，希望大家喜欢。

一、说明文基本知识

1、概念：说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。

2、与其它文体的区别：议论文以理服人，哲理性是它的主要特点；记叙文以情感人，形象性是它的主要特点；说明文以知授人，知识性是它的主要特点。

3、说明文的分类

事物说明文：如《苏州园林》，说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。

事理说明文：如《死海不死》，科学的说明了死海不死的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。

二. 阅读技巧

(一)阅读说明文要注意从以下几个方面入手：

第一招：善于找准说明对象。

第二招：善于概括说明对象的特点。

第三招：善于分析说明顺序。

第四招：善于分析说明方法及其作用。弄清楚了说明方法的特点，分析它们在文章中的具体作用。

第五招：善于分析说明文的语言。

第六招：善于分析引用古籍或名言的目的。先要理解所引古籍或名言的含义，现联系说明的内容，看看这两者间有何内在联系，就能领悟其引用的目的了。在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事，究竟起何作用：在文章开头叙述故事，其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣，或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事，往往是为了增强说明文的可读性，同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。

第七招：善于完成开放性问题。中考说明文阅读，根据“新课标”中要求“注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法”的要求，说明文阅读考查的题目势必要引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展，有利于培养学生的科学态度、科学思想、科学品质、科学精神和科学方法。

（二）说明文阅读一般涉及11种题型：

1、考查说明对象：

答题技法：其一，要看懂题目，不少说明文题目本身就表示说明对象，如《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。其二，抓住首括句和中心句。说明文往往需要运用首括句和中心句来提示说明重点，包括说明事物的特征。反之，如果需要为说明文的语段加一个标题，也可以用说明对象作为标题。

回答时形成一个短语：本文介绍了……的……(对象加特征)。

例：《看云识天气》介绍云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

2、被说明事物的特征：

答题技法：尽量从原文中找原词原句，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。

例：《中国石拱桥》三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

3、说明方法：1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

4、说明顺序：有条有理地把事物的特征或事理介绍清楚。

时间顺序：即以事物发生、发展的时间先后来安排说明顺序，从而写出事物的发展变化情况。这种顺序一般用于人物的生平介绍、科学观察记录，说明事物或事理发生、发展或制作过程一类的说明文。

空间顺序：即按照事物的空间存在形式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从前到后，或由远及近依次进行说明。这种说明顺序，一般用于说明事物的形状、构造特征。

逻辑顺序；即按照事物或事理的内部联系成人们认识事物的过程来安排说明顺序。由总到分（或由分而总）、由主而次、由现象到本质、由原因到结果、由个别到一般（或由一般到个别）、由抽象到具体、由整体到局部（或由局部到具体）等。

说明建筑物、景点等通常按照空间顺序说明。介绍事物各阶段的特点或制作过程时，往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理时，则往往需要采用逻辑顺序。

近几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文，此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多，故多用逻辑顺序。

5、段意概括：

句式：说明了……介绍了……

方法：找中心句；结合本段说明特征概括，摘要联合，结合标点，尤其注意分号，认真提炼。

6、“这样”的指代义：指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。

7、段落语句顺序：

为什么不能调换段落顺序？

不能调换：原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。

《向沙漠进军》5、6段照应上文游击战、阵地战顺序。

总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。《看云识天气》

8、语言准确性：类型1、加点字词有何作用？抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题。

对策：答：准确/生动形象/地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理。 类型2、能否替换为另一个词语？并说明理由。

对策：答：（1）不可以。（2）原词的意思或内容。（3）所换词语的意思或内容。（4）换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。

类型3、限制性词语能否删去？

对策：答：（1）表态（删还是不删）。（2）定性。如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞；“大约”“可能”“左 右” 等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。（3）若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了，不符合实际，太绝对了。（4）xx词体现了语言的准确 性、周密性、科学性。

类型4、从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句，并体会。

类型5：指代——“这些条件”、“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么。对策：一般指的就是代词前面的那句话，找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句话，而是其中的一部分。

9、说明文的结构。

说明文的结构常见的形式有：“总——分”式、“总——分——总”式、“分——总”式、并列式、递进式等。

10、考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息，对段落的内容进行归纳；对全文要点进行概括。

技法：认真仔细阅读原文，一般都能从原文中找到答案。

（例：“死海之变”中“死海已发生了哪些巨大的地质变化？

答：（1）海水水体的分层结构消失（2）海水中的硫化氢消失（3）盐的沉积增多。

11、发散创新：近几年，开放性试题以它答案的多元性和不唯一性成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要形式，在考试中所占的比例也越来越大。综合各地开放型试题我们可以看出。这类试题大概从以下方面考查：

（1）对说明内容进行创新性的表述。

（2）对某种现象发表自己独特的看法和见解。

（3）结合实际对某个问题谈自己的认识。

（4）根据文章内容进行合理性的推断和大胆想象。

（5）由文章内容延伸到现实生活，对现实生活中相关现象进行解释。

（6）对人类关注的环境问题等提出解决的方法，拟写警示性标语、建议、广告等。这种题考查的是学生的综合能力。考查的是学生对生活的关注情况。做好这类题首先要让学生对所给材料有准确地把握，然后充分调动已有的知识和经验。再迁移到文段中来。开放性试题，虽然没有规定唯一的答案，可以各抒己见。但在答题时要从三个角度作答：

（1）是就材料回答问题。不一定按标准答案作答，意思答对就给满分；

（2）是阅读材料后受到的启示、感想。这样的答案也是具有个性化的；

（3）是从材料出发，或提出自己不同的看法。或扩散联想到其它方面。

总之。这类试题在训练理解能力的同时。训练表达能力，对答案的表述不能只靠一个符号或一个词语来完成，要写成一句或一段完整的话。在答题的同时有助于增加学生主体参与意识，扩大学生独立发表见解的余地，鼓励学生的创新意识和探究精神。

（三）对说明对象的把握。

看题目、首括句、尾结句或提问式语句。如果是事物说明文，被说明的事物既是说明对象。如果是事理说明文，说明对象则是对象加特征，答案形成一个短语：介绍了……的……。如：《看云识天气》，介绍了云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

考察对说明事物特征的把握。

答题技巧：尽量从原文中找原句作答，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。如《中国石拱桥》中关于它的三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

（四）说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这篇文章主要运用了……的说明方法，说明了……（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用）

2、结合修辞手法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这是一篇生动地说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了……（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒情、议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，答题的规范性格式如下：

这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有……（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如……（具体举例），就是……（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

（五）说明语段的作用

（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

（2）、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……（事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用）。

Now more and more bike sharing brands have emerged, such as ofo, Mobai,

Wukong bicycle, Xiaoming bicycle and so on, which are convenient for our travel.

As long as we download a software, we can pay some money to rent a car. However,

since I saw some phenomena, I have asked myself, "is bike sharing convenient or

harmful?"

Bike sharing is very popular recently. Ofo software or other sharing

software can be found in almost all mobile phones of "mobile phone family".

However, once my mother came home full of anger, scared me to speak. I shuddered

and asked, "Mom, what makes you so angry?" She put the bag in her hand on the

table and made a loud "pa -". "Your sister helped me install an ofo software in

my mobile phone. I wanted to make it easy to ride back with good medicine, but

today I rented a" broken car "!" I was puzzled: "ofo still has a broken car

"That is, otherwise, how could my feet be bruised?" She moved her foot to me,

and a black wheel mark was still visible. "When I was riding, the chain was

loose. If it wasnt for my fast braking speed, I would have fallen off!" Since

then, Ive been less fond of bike sharing.

Once I went to a make-up class, I saw two workers sitting on a Mobi

bicycle, shaking and laughing. Dad was very indignant and said: "this kind of

person really does not speak of public morality! Make fun of the public car I

know that they wont do this with their cars. My heart is like bleeding. Why,

they want to "bully" bike sharing.

Once I went out to play. The weather was very good and I was in a good

mood. I look up to the side, really do not see do not know, a look scared. A man

secretly removed the wheel of an ofo and replaced it with a bad one on his own.

After that, he rode off on the ofo wheel. Only the ofo little yellow car was

lying alone, and the wheels were not installed properly. It is like a injured

little girl, whose legs have been taken away, like vanca, can not endure the

sunshine of life. At that time, my tears began to drop. Is bike sharing "shared"

or "exclusive"?

There have been news reports that a boy under 12 years old riding a shared

bicycle was run over by a car and killed. At that time, the boys mother shared

the companys money to compensate for her sons death. Its clearly her sons fault.

He didnt ride a bike before he was 12 years old. I didnt say he deserved it. But

the fact is better than eloquence. The death of her son is not the

responsibility of the sharing company, but his own fault!

I once saw a young man riding ofo without scanning the code. A middle-aged

man pushed ofo into his home. Have you ever seen someone use Mobi without

decoding as fitness equipment? The sound of chain jingling is like a demon with

a chain in his hand crawling out of hell. Thats selfish!

Someone took an image that put the broken ofo and Moby together to fill a

small parking lot. After riding shared bicycles, people park them on the side of

the road at will. As long as a passer-by gently knocks down a car, it will fall

down like a domino.

Have you ever thought that sharing resources is closely related to each of

us, but all the harm they bring is due to selfishness. Bike sharing is just one

example. Ive seen shared bookstores where people leave books on their desks

after reading, so that they cant go home. "Convenience to others, convenience to

oneself." As long as we are convenient for others, we will also benefit

ourselves.

平日寂寞无聊时，我最喜欢手捧一卷书，坐在桌前，细细地品味，体会那“日月之行，若出其中。星光灿烂，若出其里”的广大胸怀;体会那“君问归期未有期，巴山夜雨涨池”的思念之情;体会那“寻寻觅觅，冷冷清清，凄凄惨惨戚戚”的惆怅忧伤。

在书中尽情遨游的我，与作者进行着心灵对话。

八岁时读《三国演义》，我最佩服的人物是张飞，佩服他“取敌首级如同探囊取物”，佩服他往那儿一站，就把敌军吓破胆的威慑力，佩服他与兄弟一起“三英战吕布”的英勇。他在我心目中就是无人能敌的，如同战神一般的存在。

后来，时光飞逝，四年之后，我又重新捧起这卷《三国演义》，上面尚有当年余温。

再度回味，我对张飞的佩服依旧，只是对他的认识有所不同。之前我所知道的，不过是在战场上奋勇杀敌、百战百胜的张飞，而现在，我所看到的是一个感情丰富的张飞。二弟关羽因大意，赔上了自己性命，三兄弟无法再度并肩作战。张飞知道后，终日闷闷不乐、借酒消愁，最终被人在一个月黑风高的夜晚杀害，去与二弟“重聚”了。

张飞如此地重情重义，使我对他的佩服更深，理解更全面。在我心目中那个百毒不侵的战神原来也有柔软的一面。

书，亦如一杯好茶，小时候不懂得细细体味，只知道囫囵吞枣，一股脑的喝下去。长大后才能体味到茶的苦涩，知道生活艰辛。到了老年，就能品味出茶的酸甜苦辣，也尝遍人生风雨。

手捧一卷书，在温暖的阳光下，细细地品味，细细地读。一生读，读一生。

Depending on personal experience, personality type and emotional concern,

we find that some people hold the idea of living in the country, while others

prefer living in the city. In my opinion, I prefer the city life, though it has

advantages and disadvantages.

First of all, city life is very colorful. City is the center of the

surrounding area. So, it is also the most booming place having the best things.

There are many great things and wonderful activities in the city, while there

isn’t in the country. For example, there are KFC, wonderful shopping mall,

delicious food from various places, dancing club, different kinds of activities

and so on. We can also learn the culture from all the countries. Despite city

life is so wonderful, it still has many disadvantages. Nowadays, with the

improvement of people’s living standard, people have more cars and more people

come to city, and then the city becomes more and more crowd. As a result,

traffic jam emerges, which makes great inconvenience for people to go out.

What’s worse, the air pollution becomes serious day by day, which is bad for

people’s health.

To sum up, every coin has two sides. Living in the city also has good side

and bad aspect. Whether like living in city or not depends on individual

thinking. As myself, I like living in city though I know the disadvantage of

living in city.

Today is womens day, and also the day I get the scholarship. Look! I made a chocolate bar for my mother with a scholarship. Although I have paid a lot for myself, I am very happy in my heart: I can also give my mother a gift, instead of wrapping around my mother for presents!

But mom is sick and cant eat sweet food. I had to put the chocolate in the fridge, but after a few days my mother was very ill, and she took a big bite, and I eagerly asked, "is it good?" She said it was a little sandy. I took a bite, too. I was a little depressed. But my mother encouraged me, "but its sweet, its great!" My heart is sweet and happy! I wrote a few words specifically for my mother, although it was not very good.

It seems we are living in the conflict between modern and traditional

cultures every day. Hearing the blaring of horns the moment you step out of your

house, seeing the so called "pop" the moment you open your eyes, you cant help

thinking, "Will the traditional culture be gradually lost?"

Many people believe so. They may put right in front of you all the

evidences they can dig out. They may argue that people are rushing to

restaurants instead of cooking at home, listening to pop music but not

traditional, wearing in a way people couldnt imagine ten years ago. Modern

people like the air of freedom, not to be restrained by traditions. They offer

this long list, only trying to confirm that this world is full of

fashion,competition and temptation and the traditional culture is fading and

will be lost at last.

Though we are now living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war,

hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy are part of our daily life. Though this is a

skeptical age, and our faith has weakened, our confidence in some aspects of the

traditional culture should and would never be lost.

Wouldnt you agree that our traditional culture is always credited with

modesty, politeness and respectfulness, which have always been treasured for

more than five thousand years?Even in this modern world, people still admire

those with good manners, those who are polite to others or respectful to old

people.

Wouldnt you agree that our Chinese traditional music is beautiful and

artistic and our Chinese tea culture is always an appealing treasure to people

around the world?

So there may just be some changes in our lifestyle or our attitudes towards

life, but little change occurs to some fundamental aspects of our traditional

culture that people still treasure in heart.

The traditional culture will never be lost, I believe.

The dream is flying at the foot of the Great Wall. Hope will kindle in our

mind. A lamp in the darkness guides us in the direction. Remember, Socrates

said, "nothing in the world is happier than striving for dreams.". I never doubt

it, because dreams can become reality as long as they struggle. Even if no

success, we do not regret, because we have at least tried for the dream, but

also struggled. Everyone is eager to succeed, but also all his life to this

goal.

It maybe our common desires to experience a meaning life, but when it comes

to the topic “How to live a meaningful life”, the opinions are divided. In

someone’s eyes, they agree that a meaningful life is just a comfortable life

which means they can enjoy themselves as possible as they can.

However, personally in my view, if we spend our whole life in pursuing

things only for ourselves, we will surely let ourselves down when we look back.

There’s an old saying that goes “The greatest use of life is to spend it for

something that will outlast it”. I can’t agree more. If there is a way to avoid

a disappointed life, it should be to try our best to find meaningful things

which can also make contributions to the whole society. Even a single man can

make a big difference to the world. Not to mention that everyone get together to

bring changes to the society.

It’s high time that we took measures to experience a meaning life. What’s

more, it’s never too late to start a meaning life. So be yourself, enjoy your

happiness and be helpful to others. That’s the meaning life worth living.