英语原版小说的阅读技巧与策略（热门20篇）

网络小说写作技巧一：选择大众喜欢的题材。一个小说要有好的题材和故事梗概才能吸引广大读者，才能获得认可，好的题材来源于生活，也来源于大众的喜好，利用好这一点，我们的网络小说一定火。

网络小说写作技巧二：要充分运用想象力。想象力是一个作家最起码的基本素质，不管你是写什么的，都需要有丰富的想象力，网络小说也是如此，要充分利用自己的想象力。

网络小说写作技巧三：书名要新颖，吸引人。有一个好的书名，大家浏览的就多，小说不仅仅是写给作者个人的，更多的是写给广大读者的，只有拥有了广大的读者，我们的网络小说才能畅销。

网络小说写作技巧四：详尽的故事情节要交代清楚。不管我们是长篇小说还是短篇小说，详细的故事情节要给读者交代清楚，掌握了这一技巧，我们的亮点就会更突出，读者也会更进入故事当中。

网络小说写作技巧五：将新鲜的词汇加入到小说的写作当中。流行的都是好的，不管是什么，都是这样的。日常生活中我们有很多的新鲜词汇，在小说中可以加入，会给小说增色。、

网络小说写作技巧六：宣扬一定的精神，有自己的魂。小说要流行除了故事，还需要一种精神和魂，只有有魂的小说才可以更受大家喜欢，才可以让我们读小说的人受益，也会让我们的小说长久流传下去。

It seems we are living in the conflict between modern and traditional

cultures every day. Hearing the blaring of horns the moment you step out of your

house, seeing the so called "pop" the moment you open your eyes, you cant help

thinking, "Will the traditional culture be gradually lost?"

Many people believe so. They may put right in front of you all the

evidences they can dig out. They may argue that people are rushing to

restaurants instead of cooking at home, listening to pop music but not

traditional, wearing in a way people couldnt imagine ten years ago. Modern

people like the air of freedom, not to be restrained by traditions. They offer

this long list, only trying to confirm that this world is full of

fashion,competition and temptation and the traditional culture is fading and

will be lost at last.

Though we are now living in a world in which undeclared aggression, war,

hypocrisy, chicanery, anarchy are part of our daily life. Though this is a

skeptical age, and our faith has weakened, our confidence in some aspects of the

traditional culture should and would never be lost.

Wouldnt you agree that our traditional culture is always credited with

modesty, politeness and respectfulness, which have always been treasured for

more than five thousand years?Even in this modern world, people still admire

those with good manners, those who are polite to others or respectful to old

people.

Wouldnt you agree that our Chinese traditional music is beautiful and

artistic and our Chinese tea culture is always an appealing treasure to people

around the world?

So there may just be some changes in our lifestyle or our attitudes towards

life, but little change occurs to some fundamental aspects of our traditional

culture that people still treasure in heart.

The traditional culture will never be lost, I believe.

Nowadays, there is a increasing number for people to join in the activities

of volunteering. It’s well-known that volunteering job is making contribution to

the society with nothing in return. It’s like the Leifeng spirit. However,

knowing this, there are still many people would like to devote themseves in this

trend. For instance, the 20__ Beijing Olympic Games has so many volunteers. They

made lots of contribution to the success of opening the Olympics. Moreover, we

can often see that there many students go to gerocomium to visit the old to

bring warm to the lonely people. Even there are some people’s career is

volunteer. They are ready to help others. Although the volunteers are much more

common, we still need to thanks them to admire them devoting themseves to the

society.

说明文阅读答题技巧

一、分类

1、从说明对象的角度：事物性说明文、事理性说明文。

2、从说明文语言特征：平实的说明文、生动的说明文。

二、说明的顺序

时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

逻辑顺序的具体分析：主——次、原因——结果、现象——本质、特征——用途、一般——个别、概括——具体、整体——局部。

典型考题：本文使用了什么说明顺序？有何作用？

答题格式：本文使用了××××的说明顺序对××××加以说明，使说明更有条理性。（第一空应该填具体的说明顺序，第二空应该填写具体的事物名称或说明的事理。如果是事理性说明文，但又不能准确表述，可用“事理”、“科学事理”等模糊性的语言表述。）

三、说明的方法（说明方法大都是三个字；论证方法是四个字；修辞手法是两个字。）

1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、打比方、列数字、作比较

不常用的有：摹状貌、作诠释、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征（事理）加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征（事理）分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。③、作比较：把××和××加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征（事理）。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征（事理）加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。⑤、打比方：将××比作××，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征（事理）。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征（事理）加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体生动形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象（事理）加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征（事理）。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征（事理）加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征（事理）加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

四、说明文的语言品析

1、对整篇文章语言的品析，一般从二个角度谈：A、准确；B、形象生动或简明平实。A是一般说明文的共同特点。B是针对不同语文风格的角度谈。做这种评析整篇文章语言特点的题目，一定要结合文章具体内容谈，比如可以选择一句话为例子。

格式如下：这篇文章充分体现了语文准确/生动形象/简明平实的特点，如“??”一句，就准确（生动形象）（简明平实）地说明了事物“??”的特征（事理），

2、对具体篇、句、词的评析

篇、句的作用基本同上。

字词作用有以下考查形式：

A、加点字词有何作用？B、能否替换为另一个词语？C、加点词语能否删去？

这种题目往往答“它体现了说明文语言的准确性”（有时是体现语言生动性）的特点答题。

第二种题型还要在答题中比较二者的区别。第三种题型还要加上“删去后不符合人们认识客观事物的规律或与客观事实不符合”之类的表述。

五、说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

模式：这篇文章主要运用了??的说明方法，说明了??（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明??（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用）

2、结合修辞手法谈

模式：这是一篇生动说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了??（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒情议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，格式如下：这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有??（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如??（具体举例），就是??（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象（充满感情）。

六、说明语段的作用

这种题目答题的角度有三：

（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文（上文）。有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象（说明事理）的作用。

（2）、结合说明方法谈。

通过??的说明方法，说明了??（事物特征或事理），使说明??（作用）。

Today is womens day, and also the day I get the scholarship. Look! I made a chocolate bar for my mother with a scholarship. Although I have paid a lot for myself, I am very happy in my heart: I can also give my mother a gift, instead of wrapping around my mother for presents!

But mom is sick and cant eat sweet food. I had to put the chocolate in the fridge, but after a few days my mother was very ill, and she took a big bite, and I eagerly asked, "is it good?" She said it was a little sandy. I took a bite, too. I was a little depressed. But my mother encouraged me, "but its sweet, its great!" My heart is sweet and happy! I wrote a few words specifically for my mother, although it was not very good.

Whether sixty or sixteen, there is in every human beings heart the lure of

wonders, the unfailing childlike appetite of whats next and the joy of the game

of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station:

so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from

men and from the infinite, so long are you young.

An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first,

narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and

over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters

flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged

in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.

Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the

appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of

sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years.

We grow old by deserting our ideals.

Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.

Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.

碎片阅读是一种读者通过手机、电子书、网络等进行的不完整的、断断续续的阅读模式。下面语文迷小编为大家提供了碎片阅读的好处英语作文，希望对你有帮助。

Many people read on digital devices like cell phones and e-books. The fast pace of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book, so making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend. Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can get hold of large amounts of information, knowledge, and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster and more interactive than traditional deep reading.

Fragmented reading makes it harder for people to reflect on what they read. People may not bother to remember facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. It is important to read quality books in a deeper way, even if that means forcing yourself to do so. We read not only for knowledge and for practical use, but also for spiritual satisfaction.

用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

Once man did not have to think about the protection of his environment。

There were few people on the earth， and natural resources seemed to be

unlimited。

Today things are different。 The world has bee too crowded。 We are using up

our natural resources，and polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals。 If

we continue to do this， human life on earth will not survive。

We realize that if too many fish are taken from the sea， there will soon be

none left。 Yet，with modern fishing methods， more and more fish are caught。We

know that if too many trees are cut down， forests will disappear。 Yet， we

continue to use powerful machines to cut down more and more trees。 We see that

if rivers are polluted with waste products， we will die。 Yet， waste products

are

still put into rivers。

We know that if the population continues to rise at the present rate， in a

few years， there wont be enough food。What can we do to solve these

problems?

If we eat more vegetables and less meat， there will be more food available。

Land for crops feeds five times more people than land where animals are

kept。

Our natural resources will last longer if we learn to recycie them。

The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods

of birth control。

Finally， if we educate people to think about the problems we shall have a

better and cleaner planet in the future。

Tomorrow is mothers day. I want to give my mother a surprise.

I thought I wanted to make a breakfast for my mother. I got up early in the

second day, bought a stick in the early market, and returned home to give my

mother a few dishes and rice porridge. When my mother woke up, he said, "good

smell, who is cooking today?" Its so fragrant. " "Happy mother mothers day,"

Mama laughed and said, "my daughter grows up and will be considerate of my

parents." I laughed and I couldnt wait for my mother to taste the food I

made.

At the entrance of my mother, she frowned and then cried again. I was

anxious to say, "Mom, is it hard to eat my food, mom, you dont cry, Im sorry,"

mother said, "its delicious, mom is moving, happy crying." I put my heart down

and ate it. I just threw it out of my mouth and said, "this is what people eat.

Some are too sweet, some too salty, "mother said," this dish is the most

delicious meal I have ever eaten in my life. "I held my mother and said," Mom,

no matter what happened, I still love you. "

Mothers embrace is our harbor of refuge. There is a mothers place to have a

family. I wish all mothers in the world happy holidays!

明天是母亲节，我想给母亲一个惊喜。

我想了想决定给妈妈做一顿早餐，第二天我早早起床，到早市买了油条，回到家给妈妈做了几个菜和小米粥，等妈妈醒来时说：“好香呀，今天是谁做饭呀?这么香。”“妈妈母亲节快乐”妈妈开心的笑了说：“我的女儿长大了，会体谅父母了’我开心的笑了，迫不及待的让妈妈尝尝我做的饭菜

妈妈一入口，皱了一下眉头，随后又哭了，我着急了说：“妈妈，是不是我做的菜难吃呀，妈妈你别哭，对不起”妈妈说：“很好吃，妈妈这是感动的，开心的哭。”我放下心了，也吃了起来菜刚一入嘴，我就吐了出来说：“这哪是人吃的呀。有的太甜，有的太咸”妈妈说：“这顿菜是我这辈子吃的最香的一顿菜了”我抱住妈妈说：“妈妈，以后不管发生了什么，我依然还是爱着你。”

妈妈的怀抱是我们避风的港湾，有妈的地方才有家，我祝全天下的妈妈节日快乐!

《西游记》讲述的是一部充满了离奇，精彩的神话故事。

故事中我最喜欢的是大师兄孙悟空。他原来是一从石头里蹦出来的，他是一个天真烂漫、调皮任性的无拘无束的“野猴”。他夺走老龙王的镇海之宝——定海神针;游乐地府撕碎“生死簿”;大闹天宫，偷吃仙桃仙丹，不把玉皇大帝放在眼里，还自封“齐天大圣”。用他的七十二变大闹天宫，惹怒了如来佛祖，便被佛祖压在五指山下，唐僧救了他，他便跟着唐僧西天取经。为了师傅的安危奋不顾身的他正义大胆、本领高超是妖怪们的克星，他对付这些人从来都不手软，尽管许多时候并不被唐僧所理解，他仍是义无反顾地将他们扫除。哪怕事后又被各路神仙将妖魔领了回去，甚至招致唐僧狠心驱逐，除害护航之心全不曾改。

其次是二师兄猪八戒。他贪财好色，有着一身毛病，好吃懒惰，爱占小便宜，怕困难，总是退缩，还特别爱吃，每次孙悟空叫他去找食物，他总是打着找食物牌子，却总是在半路睡觉，或者是找到了食物在回来的路上也吃得一干二净了。它相对来说小脑筋比较多，我很清晰记得有一集，某条河流结了冰，但这样马就不容易前行了，当大家都在困扰之时，猪八戒立即就说可以给马蹄裹上布，增加摩擦力。虽然他很贪吃，但是也非常护主，丝毫不比孙悟空差，一旦唐僧有危险也会那把九齿钉钯奋不顾身的去救他。

然后是三师弟沙悟净。他心地善良、安于天命，他的本领更比悟空，八戒是弱一些。他淳朴憨厚，忠心耿耿，总是挑着行李默默跟在身后，任劳任怨，憨厚和淳朴的形象生动的展现出来。

最后是师傅唐僧。他胸怀天下，惠及黎民百姓，善良闵城的苦行僧，不辞劳苦，不畏艰险，为了求取真经而不惜远行，而且他心思缜密，能注意到事物的细节，自我要求严格，坚持原则，规范严谨，善于发现问题，低调不张扬，遵守时间。

就是唐僧师徒经历了八十一个磨难又让我联想到了他们的执着、不畏艰险、锲而不舍的精神。这着实是一种值得我们学习的精神。再想想自己的半途而废、虎头蛇尾，我不禁惭愧自己当初为何不能像他们一样坚持到底呢?也许这就是我所缺少的，只要我能把一件事情从头做到尾，不管我是成功了还是失败了，只要我尽力去做了，这对我来说也是一种成功啊!

Almost everyone knows that water covers three-fourths of the earths

surface. Most of it， however， is in the oceans and is too salty to drink. Also，

some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact， less than one percent is left

for the use of people， animals and plant life. All through history men have

tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Now fresh water is

becoming scarce， but more and more is needed because of the increasing number of

people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in

the production of things such as steel， petroleum， paper and rubber and so on.

Scientists estimate that the need for fresh water will have doubled by the year

2003. If they are correct， we must find new ways of saving it or producing it.

Some nations have worked on the problem and are already sharing their

information with others. They are trying to keep their rivers from becoming

polluted. Deep wells are also being dug， and rain water is being collected in

huge artificial lakes. In one way or another， they hope to provide enough water

to satisfy the needs of their people.

Reading can broaden the knowledge.

When you use knowledge, you will find you to less; God read volumes, such as writing; Knowledge is power. Books are the ladder of human progress. The book has its own gold room... Through the ages, many celebrities gave us a lot about reading the quote.

I have many hobbies, such as: sports, tennis, table tennis, etc. However, my favorite is reading. This year, I just read the sixth grade, but I have seen a lot of books. Such as "journey to the west", the romance of The Three Kingdoms ", "water margin", "how the steel was tempered, gave me a lot of enlightenment.

I didnt read a lot of things all dont understand, what things can eat, what cannot eat, what should do, what should not do. Since reading the book, know a lot of things. For example: when I was a kid, I dont like to tube my mother, mother told me to do things, I am more enthusiastic, and mother. Now, my mother called me to do things, I also went to dry.

From then on, I will put to read on my schedule of learning, I find time to read every day, I also invented a word: read a good book, good books to read, read good books!

I must have a good reading, to the next level!

阅读可以拓宽知识面。

书到用时方恨少;阅读破万卷，下笔如有神;知识就是力量;书是人类进步的阶梯;书中自有黄金屋……古往今来，许多名人给我们留下了许多有关阅读的名句。

我有很多爱好，比如说：体育、网球、乒乓球等。不过，我最喜欢的还是阅读。今年，我才读六年级，可我已看了很多书。比如《西游记》、三国演义》、《水浒传》、《钢铁是怎样炼成的》，给了我许多启迪。

我没有阅读的时候，很多事情都不懂，什么东西可以吃，什么东西不能吃，什么事应该干，什么事不应该干。自从读了书后，懂得了很多事。比如：小时候，我很不喜欢妈妈来管我，妈妈叫我干事情，我就偏不干，和妈妈叫板。现在，妈妈叫我去做事，我也就去干了。

从此，我就把阅读列入了我的学习日程中，我每天挤出时间阅读，我还自创了一句话：读好书，书读好，好书读!

我一定要好好阅读，更上一层楼!

新课标中学语文教材为了拓展学生的多元文化视野，更全面地了解世界各国文学，在新教材中新增加了不少的外国现代小说篇目，如卡夫卡的《变形记》、斯特林堡的《半张纸》、约翰尼斯·延森的《安恩与奶牛》等等，不仅如此，近年来这类外国现代小说也开始走进我们的中高考语文试卷，如2011年的安徽卷和辽宁卷的文学类文本阅读题。这些外国现代小说无论在内容还是表现形式上都和古典小说有着很大的不同，给我们的阅读欣赏带来了新的挑战。要提高阅读欣赏这类小说的能力，关键是要提高以下几方面的素养。

首先，要了解现代小说产生的背景

捷克现代小说家米兰·昆德拉在《小说艺术》一书中这样写道：小说研究的不是现实，而是存在，凡是发生的事情都属于现实，而存在则是关涉人生在世的基本境况。小说的使命不是陈述已经发生了一些什么事情，而是要揭示存在的尚未为人所知的方面。从这个意义上说，西方现代小说在其思想和理论基础上已经完全颠覆了古典小说的传统。在古典小说的传统中，小说曾经被等同于讲故事，小说家则等同于讲故事的人。在古典小说中，小说家通过真实或虚构故事来描绘生活，解释生活，对生活作出一种判断。读者对小说的期待往往也是故事情节跌宕起伏、引人入胜，读者也以故事是否吸引人来评定小说的优劣。而西方现代小说产生于传统的形而上学崩溃的哲学背景之下，现代哲学陷入了意义的迷茫，传统的形而上学对生活的一切清晰的解说都成了问题，于是，像卡夫卡、乔伊斯这样的现代小说家的作品在哲学上也几乎完全陷入了一种困惑和迷茫之中，在他们的作品中，以往对生活的一切清晰的解说都成了问题，生活成为了不再是一个具有确定意义的对象，而是成为了一个未知的领域，而这些小说家们的职责就是要用他们的小说去对人的意义进行形而上的思考，去引领人们探索和思考人究竟是一种怎样的存在？

其次，要把握现代小说的几个特征

一是逻辑的解构。现代小说认为，正是因为我们太习惯于用逻辑的方式去理解生活、推演生活，从而使真实的生活无法进入我们的视野，成为被永远遗忘的存在。所以，在西方现代小说家的笔下，他们认为导致生活中某一结果的发生，原因其实是无限的，而且几乎不存在任何逻辑上的确定的因果关系。所以，现代小说家的本领就在于谋划设计一些看似不重要，因而容易被忽视的一些细节，然后在可能的限度内进行深度的挖掘，复原生活的真实过程。

二是道德判断的悬置。人类有两种根深蒂固的习惯，一个是逻辑的推演，另一个就是道德的判断。因为从逻辑推演出发，我们认识事物总习惯于寻找事物之间的因果联系，往往造成对因果关系之外的广阔现实却视而不见，因此而失却了对生活中真实的把握。从道德判断出发，我们总习惯于对人和事情做善与恶的判断，因此，而对善与恶之外真实生活却熟视无睹，由于这两种习惯都阻碍了我们对真实生活的认识与判断，所以，现代小说在追问人究竟是怎样的存在？的问题上，从根本上是抛弃逻辑与道德判断的，更讲究细节和人内心世界的真实。

三是反抒情性。西方现代小说对情感持的是一种研究而非颂扬的态度。米兰·昆德拉就曾批评浪漫主义小说家用夸张的言辞，渲染人物的爱和恨。现代小说家认为，感情的浮夸其实质是企图用华美的言辞掩盖思想的平庸，用激情的语言就是企图弥补感觉的贫乏。现代小说更追求从浪漫浮华的激情中走出来，用冷峻犀利的眼光还原人的平常和基本的生活真实。

四是主题多元、结构自由和游戏精神。西方现代小说家认为，小说家创作就像是在进行一场自己喜欢或入迷的游戏，根本不需要考虑为了满足小说主题或形式的需要，而强制离开写他们自己真正感兴趣的东西。小说家有离题的权利，在小说创作中，他们可以自由地写使自己入迷的一切，所以，这就使得现代小说的主题根本就不是唯一的，而是多元的，小说的结构是自由的、活泼的、多变的。

第三，要掌握欣赏现代小说的基本方略

一是对小说主题做形而上的思考。

米兰昆德拉在《小说的艺术》中说，小说的内容永远是生活，但小说家的使命却不只需要对生活进行描绘、再现、加工和解释，而是要担当起认识生活真相的艰难使命。因此，西方现代小说为了担当起揭示生活真相的使命，将一切都作为主题，小说往往多主题或在元主题的广阔背景前展开。现代小说虽然看似写的只是小题材、小细节，有的或者只是撷取的生活中的一个小小的片断，但透过小说情节、人物和事件，却意蕴丰厚，蕴含着深刻的哲理，迸发着思想火花。所以，阅读西方现代小说时，我们必须读出小说深处的思想意蕴，学会用形而上的哲学眼光思考人究竟应该是怎样的一种存在？和生活的本质究竟是什么？

二是对小说表现的内容进行动态的心灵体验。

现代小说家认为小说是表现与创造，不应是现实的再现与模仿，应该是表现人物的心理的真实，表现人物的意识与潜意识。而人物内心的真实往往是看不见、摸不着，并处于不断的变动之中，读者要认识这些必须靠丰富的内心体验。为了表现人物某一瞬间的感觉、印象和精神状态，现代小说家们还经常在形式上进行大胆的探索与创新，使小说在形式结构上也呈现出多变化、多突兀、多层次，需要读者不断地用心揣摩、体验和领悟。

三是要了解现代小说常用的几种表现手法。

1.象征的手法。象征手法原是象征主义创作的重要手段，现代小说家们也普遍喜爱使用这种手法。在他们的笔下常常用具有物质感的形象表现微妙、隐秘的思想和情感，用具体的形象表现抽象的概念。而且这种象征突破了传统象征手法对象明确的特点，如太阳象征光明，玫瑰象征爱情等，现代小说中的象征往往具有极强的主观色彩，表现为复杂多变。

2.意识流的手法。美国哲学家威廉·詹姆斯在其《心理学原理》一书中说：意识并不是片段的联结，而是流动的，用一条河或一股流水的比喻来表达它是最自然的了。因为现代小说家注重表现人物的主观世界，重视人物的心理描写，意识流的手法成了现代小说家广泛使用的一种表现手法。他们往往运用内心独白和自由联想来表现人物复杂微妙不断变化的心理活动。

3.时空倒错的手法。在西方现代小说中，小说家还常常将时间顺序颠倒，将空间界限混淆，把过去、现在和未来融合成为一个不可分割的有机整体，使得每一个时空都包含着过去、现在和未来，运用这种时空倒错的手法，打破时空的界限表现人物内心深处的秘密和多层次的复杂心理活动，使得小说的情节结构和人物的个性特征具有多层次性。

4.荒诞离奇的手法。在现代小说家笔下，荒诞常常表现为人与物的变形和解体，如卡夫卡的《变形记》格里高尔由人变成了一只甲虫的荒诞情节。变形为人物的语言行动的怪诞反常，如约翰尼斯·延森的《安恩与奶牛》中安恩将牛牵到集市上却不卖牛；再比如《城堡》，近在咫尺的城堡，人们耗尽所有的精力却总不能到达等等荒诞离奇的情节。小说家们正是通过这些极度离奇古怪的荒诞手法来透过事物的表象，揭示出了事物的本质特征。

当然，尽管外国现代小说无论在内容、主题方面，还是艺术形式、表现手法方面，与传统小说有着很多的不同，但只要我们不断提高这方面的素养，用文学欣赏的方法去揣摩、体验和感悟，我们就一定能够接近小说艺术的本质，也一定能够更全面、更深刻去理解它、鉴赏它。

Today is Dragon Boat Festival. My mother let me watch the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival from the computer. In fact, it was a memorial to Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a patriot. He wanted to make his country strong and often give advice to the king, but the king did not like to listen and he drove him out of the country.

Once the Qin state came to the state of Chu, the state of Chu was quickly defeated, the country was soon lost, and Qu Yuan was more sad. In the early May of this year, five, he moved a big stone and threw himself into the river. People know, very sad, in order not to let the fish eat Qu Yuan, put the dumplings inside the bamboo tube, throw it into the river, hope that the fish will not eat Qu Yuan, the dumplings are like this.

This story tells us to love our country. I also know, now eat dumplings, but is bamboo, replaced by a kind of broad leaves. Eating zongzi is also a memorial to Qu Yuan.

Oscar Golden Statuettes is short for Academy Award, which is awarded by

Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It begins in 1928 and hold once a

year in the United States of Los Angeles Hollywood. It’s aim is to encourage the

creation and development of outstanding movie. It enjoys a good reputation more

than half a century. It is not only the most important activity for American

film industry, but also attracted world attention. The Oscar Award and the other

three European International Film Festivals are regarded as the four worlds

most important film award.

2013 is the eighty-fifth Oscar Award. China Taiwan director Ang Lee won the

best director award again by "Life of Pi". Ben Afflecks "Escape from Tehran"

won three awards including best picture. Daniel Day-Lewis won the best actor

with "Lincoln", who has broke the record being the movie king three times. Anne

Hathaway relyed on the "Les Miserables " got the best supporting actress award.

Jennifer Laurence won the best actress award for "The Silver Linings Playbook"

and became the first new person got Oscar prize of the generation after 90s. The

movie "Amour" won the award for best foreign language film without suspense.

“Brave” won the animated feature film. “Searching for Sugar Man” won the best

documentary award.

It is worth mentioning that as the Chinese film market is expanding, the

attention of Hollywood movie circle to China is increasing day by day. The Oscar

awards are also emerging Oriental elements. This year the Chinese star Fan

Bingbing has been invited to walk the red carpet before the award ceremony.

Recently, global warming has become a hot topic among people. It results

from serious air pollution. As the environmental pollution is more and more

strict, the temperature of all the world has dramatic increased. Gradually, some

disaster such as drought, floodandGlaciers Melting follow. How terrible it is!

Therefore, we need to protect our earth and fight against the disaster

together.We should start from the trivial side. Making contribution to

protecting our home.

Changing in the information age, we can from different channels, and get the same message, the transmission of information and get more and more convenient, the ancients said: "a scholar need not leave his home to know whats going on in the world." As a student of I, is a new era of youth, how to enrich oneself is very important.

The ancients said: "read ten books, winning thousands of miles way." Understand this sentence tell the benefits of reading, so I can read extracurricular books, learn other peoples words and sentences, and make him my composition ability of power. In the usual time to form the good habit of reading and more reading can improve understanding, thinking, judgment, can through the knowledge of current affairs, raises concerns social, because enriching themselves not only in terms of their studies, for the ordinary life, or to understand and care.

Time flies, time flies, time passed so hasty, we want to know the value of time, as long as the use of a few minutes of time every day to enrich themselves, accumulate over a long period, many a mickle makes a muckle, and can help you to save every bit of wisdom, piggy bank, so I want to read to be my good habits, and increased my wisdom enrich my life.

在资讯发展日新月异的时代，我们可以从不同的管道，得到相同的讯息，资讯的传递与取得越来越方便，古人说 ：“ 秀才不出门，能知天下事。“身为一位学生的我，又是新时代的少年，如何充实自己是很重要的事。

古人说： “ 读十卷书，胜走千里路。”这句话明白的说出读书的好处，所以我可以多阅读课外读物，吸取别人的名言加句，使他成为我作文能力的助力。在平时的时候就要养成多读书的好习惯，多阅读可以提升理解力、思考力、判断力，可以藉由对时事的了解，培养关心社会，因为充实自己不只是在课业方面，对于平常的生活或时是都要了解并关心。

光阴似箭，岁月如梭，时间过得这么匆促，我们要懂得爱惜时光， 只要每天利用几分钟的时间充实自己，日积月累，积少成多，就能帮自己存一点一滴的智慧扑满，所以我要让读书成为我的好习惯，增加我的智慧丰富我的人生。

议论文写作是几种常见文体中要求较高的一种。下面语文迷网整理了一些写作方法，希望对你有帮助。

一、议论文的文体特点和写作要求

英语议论文同中文议论文一样也是以议论的方式，通过摆事实、讲道理来阐述自己观点的一种文体。高中英语议论文是一种限制性的写作, 其论点、论据、论证都必须十分明确，学生必须结合题目要求来阐述相关观点。

议论文的结构可分为三个部分：1、引言段引出一个令人关注的问题或明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么。 2、主体段对提出的问题进行分析、推论、并运用归纳法、演绎法和类比法等进行论证，取得以理服人的效果。3、结论段可以用两三句话来结束文章，同时要注意重申论点，与引言段呼应，但不能照搬原话。务必做到论点明确、要点齐全、论证严密、结构严谨、层次分明、首尾呼应。

二、议论文的写作方法与技巧

一)、审好题

人们常说：“磨刀不误砍柴功”。审题是写作的开始，是写好作文的前提条件，“好的开始是成功的一半”，议论文写作也不例外。只有明确题目要求，确立观点，确定论证方法及全文段落安排，才可能成功写出一篇好的议论文。如果写偏了题，再精心的构思、再好的语言表达也是枉然。审题主要包括六个方面：一是判断议论文所属类型。英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: ①“一分为二”的观点。如：“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。②“两者选一”的观点。如：“乘火车还是乘飞机”。③“我认为……”型，如：“你对课外阅读的看法”。④“怎样……(how to)”型，如：“怎样克服学习中碰到的困难”。⑤ 图表作文，通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法(杨家贵，2005)。二是确立该文的论点或作者须持的观点，以及支撑论点的道理和事实。三是确定全文所包括的要点。四是确定段落数及每段适用的连接词、过渡句，使文章连接紧凑、过渡自然、层次分明。五是选择全文主要时态及各段适用的其它时态。六是判断该文的格式，是书信还是短文。审题完毕，随即列出提纲。

二)、注重主题句的设置

主题句又叫中心句(topic sentence)，是段落的论点，限制段落中议论的范围，是整个段落的纲领。主题句必须要正确，要明确表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。主题句在一篇百来字的议论文中好比“画龙点睛”，帮助作者分层次阐述自己的观点，让读者快速了解作者的观点。

1、确定主题句的位置

英语议论文的主题句宜设在段首第一句，这是由以下两个因素决定的。1)、主题句出现的位置有三种情况：①在段首，以便读者浏览主题句就可掌握文章的概要，这个位置适用于写提供信息或解释观点的段落;②在段末;③段中(高长梅，2000)。2)、英语民族的思维特点是常采用路标式(直线式)篇章结构，即主题句在段首。

2、写出好的主题句

好的主题句具有以下特点：①有一定的概括性，普遍性而不是罗列具体事实。②句意明确而不是模糊不着边际。③让人有话可写而不是给出无可辩驳的事实。④不以问题的方式出现，也不要同时表达两个以上的观点。笔者要求学生写了以下的主题句：

1)Staying up late is bad for our health.

2)The more cars, the better?

3)There are two reasons why some people are fascinated by Super Girls and two reasons why some dislike them.

4)Beijing is famous for the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Imperial Palace and other places of interest.

5)a. Tom is a middle school student.

b. Tom is a hard-working middle school student.

6)Living in small cities is better than living in big cities.

然后让学生对照主题句的特点，他们一致认为1)、5)b、6)为好的主题句。在实践和对比中，学生学会了如何写好的主题句，并且运用到议论文写作中，收到较好效果，见以下实例(下段黑体部分是主题句)。

Everyone lives by selling something. For example, teachers live by selling knowledge, philosophers by selling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort. Though it may be possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to calculate the true value of services which people perform for us. The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop. Everyone has something to sell.

由此可见，好的主题句能帮助作者阐明观点，起到提纲挈领的作用。作者围绕段落的中心论点，运用多种方法展开论证，达到以理服人的效果。

三)、用好连接词和过渡句

从行文需要出发选用恰当的连接词、过渡句可使整篇文章文句流畅，句意转换自然，同时使表达合乎逻辑，文章结构严谨。倘若一篇议论文的段落里不乏高级词汇和复杂语法结构，但缺少了连接词、过渡句的润色而不能从一个观点自然地过渡到另一个观点，或段落里的各论据(supporting sentence)连接松散，势必削弱论证的效果，就算不上一篇好的议论文。下面分别说明如何有效运用连接词与过渡句。

1、句与句的连接词

连接词通常由连词、副词、介词短语和插入语等充当。如何有效使用连接词，使句意连贯、紧凑，以体现文章良好的严密的论证逻辑?

2.段与段的过渡句

过渡句帮助作者展示文章的条理和层次。恰当运用过渡句能使表达锦上添花。当文章从一个层次转换到另一个层次，或由一段内容转入另一段内容时需要用过渡句。恰当有效的运用过渡句，效果明显(见下文，题目及要求略，黑体部分为过渡句)。

Wearing school uniform every day spreads an order over many schools. Is it good or bad for students? Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.

Some people say that it has a bad effect on developing students’ personal character. According to them, students are tired of wearing the same clothes every day, which is hard to tell who’s who. Furthermore, the cost of the school uniform is not low as many people think. With the bad quality, it’s not well worth the money.

However, as a popular saying goes: “Every coin has two sides.” Others argue that it is good for students. In their opinion, wearing school uniform will prevent students from wasting so much money on clothes and the time on catching up with the fashion. In addition, it’s easy for the teachers to recognize the students. There is no doubt that wearing school uniform every day is good for students.

In short, I firmly support the view that we should wear school uniform.(康珍，2005)

上文黑体部分综合体现了恰当、有效运用连接词和过渡句的最佳效果。全文行文流畅、衔接自然、条理清楚，浑然不觉作者是在套用各种连接词和过渡句。因此，非常有必要熟记一些常用典型的议论文过渡句，使议论文结构严谨，论点清楚，行文流畅。

1)引言段的常用过渡句

Recently we had a heated discussion on…, Opinions are various among different people.

Different people have different opinions on the question of …

They differ greatly in their attitudes towards …

Different people hold different views/opinions on this matter.

Although most people think… I believe…

此类过渡句能迅速引起读者注意，自然而然地引出全文要讨论的话题，或者开门见山地阐明文章的论点。

2)主体段的常用过渡句

Some may hold the view that… because… But others have a negative attitude. From their point of view…

Some people think that… While others believe…

Some people are for the idea of… because… But some people are against the idea of… because …

本文所指议论文的主体段可以是一段也可以是两段。通过正确使用过渡句，文章思路清晰，结构清楚，显示作者严谨思维，增强表达效果。

3)结论段的常用过渡句

As far as I am concerned, I totally agree with the statement that…

Therefore, it’s easy to draw the conclusion that…

As a consequence/result, I firmly support the view that…

Taking all these factors into consideration, we may reach the conclusion that…

To sum up/in a word/in conclusion/in short/above all/in general/ generally speaking, I still hold the view that…

运用过渡句的提示作用进入结论段，作者或是重申论点，或是强调论点，以便加深读者对全文的了解和深刻认识。

英语议论文范文：

Should Examination Be Abolished (取消)?

The examination system has come to be the main theme (主题)of modern education. One should take an examination andsucceed in passing it before he could be admitted， promoted or graduated. As it plays so important a role in the realm of education (教育的领域) it is under much criticism (评论) as to its validity (有效性) . People who are in favour of it try to develop this system more; those who are against it believe that such a system should be abolished. Should examination be abolished? In my opinion it should be.

Many people think that an examination is the only means to test knowledge， but， in fact， that is not true. A few questions given in an examination could by no means cover the whole field of the subject. Thus those who are able to answer them may be the poorest of the students and yet happen to know just a few points about that subject.

Id like to say that， because of the existence of the examination system， students pay so much attention to gaining high marks， that they often forget the chief purpose of education. The so-called clever students devote (贡献) themselves to the study of textbooks only. They， of course， know nothing but the skeleton (梗概) of knowledge. The end and aim of education， however， is to enable students to learn how to live. To do this， students must get themselves to do all kinds of training， physicalas well as mental. The present examination system has discouraged students from making such an attempt.

Moreover， since the students try so hard to put their lessons into memory in as short a time as possible， psychologically (心理上来看)， they soon forget the whole subject as soon as the examination is over. Surely this is one of the greatest wastes ever made in the history of civilization.

Lastly， in order to get high marks， there is a great temptation (诱惑) for students to cheat (作弊) in an examination. Indeed， such a practice becomes the means to the end. They cheat their teachers， their parents and also themselves. Such a tendency would impair (损害) our moral standards (道德标准) .

Therefore， I am of the opinion， in conclusion， that the examination system should be abolished.

Science and technology have been bringing human beings tremendous benefits.

Thanks to science and technology, we now live comfortably and conveniently in

houses furnished with air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and

televisions etc. Thanks to science and technology, we can eat fresh vegetables

at the year round. Thanks to science and technology, we can travel long

distances in the fraction of a second on planes, trains and cars. Thanks to

science and technology, we wear clothes with synthetic materials which can not

easily be worn out.

However, science and technology have atso brought us a lot of disasters.

First, because of the many breakthroughs in the field of medicine, people are

now living much longer than they used to. As a result, the population of the

world is increasing, causing lots of problems. Second, because of the

development of industry, lots of the wastes from factories pour into the air and

rivers, causing pollution of all kinds. Third, some terrorists are using science

and technology against mankind. They use biological, chemical and unclear

weapons to threaten world peace...

So its urgent that we find ways to solve these problems. But we should not

stop the development of science and technology because of these disasters they

bring, just as we should not give up eating for fear of choking. In addition, we

should make some rules to regulate our actions. As long as we use science and

technology in a proper way, they may bring us even more benefits.

dear dick,

i am very glad to hear from you. you asked me about the change of school education in china. we are really happy about the changes called on to reduce learning load. before i had to study six days a week and i always went to bed after 11:30. i seldom had free time to do what i like. but now i have more spare time. i can read many interesting books, watch tv or even do some sports. and i never feel tired in the class as before, because i go bed at 10:00. all of my classmates are happy about this new arrangement of things.