高考英语写作高分攻略（汇集20篇）

话题作文正日益受到广大老师和同学的重视，已经成为高中生日常作文训练的一项重要内容。下面小编为大家整理了一些写作技巧希望对大家有用。

一：清楚什么是话题作文

1.话题作文命题的结构

话题作文的命题分三个部分：话题前的材料或提示语、话题、写作要求。材料或提示语用来引出话题，话题提供写作范围，写作要求是对内容、文体、字数等方面提出的具体要求。

2.话题作文的基本特点

自拟题目、自定立意、自选文体是话题作文的三个基本特点。这三个特点为话题作文的写作提供了广阔的空间。

(1)可以自由地选择自己熟悉的素材，从感受最深的一点出发确立主题，说出自己的心里话。比如“诚信”这个话题，可以围绕历史上有关诚信的故事来写，如古人一诺千金的故事;可以围绕现代社会中与诚信有关的事情来写，如国外的产品召回制度;可以围绕现实中不讲诚信的事情来写，如假冒伪劣产品;可以联系自己身边的事来写，如考试中的作弊问题。同学们请看，在话题作文这种命题形式下，你可写的东西是不是很多呢?可发挥的空间是不是很大呢?

(2)可以自由地选择自己擅长的文体，你不只可以写记叙文、议论文，还可以写一个童话、一个科幻故事，可以写一篇日记、一封书信，还可以写一个短剧、一则新闻、一篇采访记等等。在近两年的高考中，考生的文体选择可谓异彩纷呈，出现了不少很有创意的佳作。

(3)话题作文写作的自由度虽然很大，但也有其限制性，同学们必须在话题的范围内写作，超出范围就属跑题。比如“假如记忆可以移植”这个话题，就要求我们应该写在这一假定前提(“记忆可以移植”)下可能发生的事情或问题，如果你写记忆移植绝对不可能发生、或者写情感可以移植就属于跑题了。

二、话题作文不能忽视审题

话题作文的写作空间很大，降低了审题难度，有些同学就认为话题作文的审题不重要，不需要重视了。其实不然，每次考试话题作文都会有跑题、偏题的文章，而且题目审得好不好对能否写好作文至关重要。审题时我们自然要从话题作文命题的三个部分人手：

1.审话题

审话题要注意两点：审出话题丰富的内涵及审清话题中的限制。

(1)审内涵：有许多话题包含了很丰富的内涵，深刻理解话题内涵，对我们写作话题作文、打开思路有很大的帮助。一般来讲，内涵包括本义和引申义两层。

(2)审限制：知道哪些是话题范围以内的，哪些是话题范围以外的，这样我们在写作时才能扣紧话题，避免跑题、偏题。

2.审材料或提示语

认真审读话题前的材料或提示语，有助于我们理解话题和打开思路。

3.审要求

看清话题后的写作要求，弄清在内容、文体、字数方面有哪些具体的限制再下笔作文。

三、打开思路是关键

话题作文的开放性决定了一个话题下可以有多种思路和多种表达，如果同学们能从这多种思路中找到一个自己最熟悉或最有创意的思路来写，肯定能完成一篇佳作，所以思路开阔对于写作话题作文非常重要。但不少同学因为习惯了命题作文和给材料作文，对这种开放性的命题形式反而不适应，拿到话题后脑中茫然一片、无从下笔，下面我们就给大家介绍几种打开思路的方法。

1.打开思路从话题开始

脑中空白时好好看看话题和话题前的提示语，从话题的内涵和提示语中就能受到启发，这一点在前面讲审题时已经讲得很清楚了。

2.打开思路的方式

(1)可以回忆：闭上眼睛回忆自己的所见、所闻、所感，从生活实际中寻找与话题相关的素材。

(2)可以推理：考虑与话题相关的各种观念和各种说法，加进自己的思考和判断，形成一种观点，然后在此观点的统摄之下寻找合适的事例，这种方法适合找到议论文的思路。

(3)可以想像和虚构：打开头脑的宝藏，展开想像的翅膀，可以虚构一个童话，可以编一个故事，也可以对头脑中已有的故事原型进行重新演绎，还可以变换一下视角，从物或动植物的视角看待评价一件事情。

3.从四个范畴出发打开思路

掌握了打开思路的方式，如果同学们还是找不到思路怎么办，这里再结合话题“成长”给大家介绍几个范畴，从这几个范畴考虑，相信同学们会很快找到思路。

(1)时间：过去、未来、现在、一段时间、某一时刻。

(2)空间：领域、场所。

不同场所中的成长，比如自己在家庭中的成长，或者同学们在学校中的成长;不同领域中的成长，比如随着年龄的增长，自己对美的认识越来越深入，或者对大自然的感悟越来越丰富。

(3)因果：原因、结果。

(4)对象：

①自己是很重要的对象，是重要的资源，因此可以写写自己的成长经历及感受。

②其他人，包括周围的人、古人、名人。比如爸爸的成长、同学的成长;李白的成长;比尔·盖茨的成长、乔丹的成长等。

③文艺作品中的主人公比如蜡笔小新的成长，林黛玉的成长。

④动物、植物。比如一只小狗的成长，一棵小草的成长。

⑤群体等。比如，一个小区的社会公德的成长，原来小区脏、乱、差，玻璃经常被砸坏，邻里之间经常吵架，现在干净整洁、窗明几净、邻里和睦。

四、文体选择天地宽

文体不限是话题作文的一个重要特点，但不限文体绝不意味着同学们用不着谙熟各种文体。不同文体各有特点，多掌握几种文体，就可以从容选择最适宜的文体来表情达意，可以选择新鲜的文体更有创意地表达内容。

1.常规文体的选择

(1)文体概念要清晰，不能写成四不像。

记叙文，应以记叙、描写为主，要形象具体。

议论文，应以说理为主，做到观点鲜明、有理有据。

以话题“理解”为例，思路是家长应对孩子读课外书、参加课外活动给予理解。若写记叙文，就应通过具体的一两件事来体现，

(2)根据自身特点、特长选择文体：形象思维较好的同学可以写记叙文;擅长讲道理、逻辑思维较好的同学可以写议论文;脑子灵活善于讲故事的同学可以写童话寓言、故事新编、小小说等。

(3)结合具体话题和思路选择文体：对某一话题有生动事实和独特感受的同学最好写记叙文，有鲜明观点的同学最好写议论文。

2.特殊文体的选择

特殊文体指的是应用文体和文艺性文体，应用文体包括日记、书信、演讲搞、辩论稿、会议纪要、实验报告、新闻报道、广告等;文艺性文体包括小说、戏剧、童话寓言、故事新编、散文、诗歌等。

(1)使用特殊文体可以更有创意地表达观点，表现素材。

比如“缺陷”这个话题，思路是“维纳斯的断臂是一种缺憾美”。这个思路写成议论文完全可以，但比较平，若写成一篇想像文章就比较新奇了

(2)特殊文体还可以扬长避短。请看下面几种文体：

①日记、书信：

扬长：可记叙、可议论、可抒情，可以自由地表达。

避短：结构自由，不需要复杂的过渡承接;写作时文体不太规范的同学也能写好。

②戏剧、对话体：

扬长：思路活跃、善于写对话的同学很容易写好。

避短：不需要什么叙述、描写，文章结构也较灵活。

③童话、寓言、科幻故事：

扬长：善于想象的同学可以借这种文体发挥特长。

避短：素材缺乏的同学可以通过这类文体弥补。

④故事新编：

扬长：有大量故事原型、头脑灵活的同学运用这种文体容易使文章出彩。

避短：素材缺乏的同学可以通过这种文体弥补。

总之，话题作文这种新的命题形式使写作变得很容易，也很有创意，相信本书中所介绍的方法和设计的训练会对同学们有所帮助，认真读读此书、做做其中的练习，你会发现，作文原来可以很快乐!

Immoral Behavior in Public

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Immoral Behavior in Public. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

1.我们经常在公共场合见到各种不道德的行为，叙述你的一次相关经历。

2.这些不文明行为会有哪些影响。

3.我们应该怎样改善这种现象。

【范文】

To witness immoral behavior in public, one need only visit the Beijing subway. I still remember the first time I took the Beijing subway. It was an early morning. I was in a hurry to go to school. When I was trying to get a ticket, I found a lot of people waiting in front of me, but nobody was in the line.

只要访问北京的地铁，就可以目睹公众场所的不道德行为。我还记得我第一次在北京做地铁。那是一个清晨。我急于去学校。当我努力买票的时候，我发现很多人在前面等着，但是没有一个人在排队。

Immoral behaviors in public initiate a series of problems. One of the most serious ones is that it may exert a negative impact on our sense of social responsibility. We will keep ignoring other people’s rights and feelings, and in turn, we too will be disrespected some day.

公众场所的不道德行为引发了一系列问题。其中最严重的是，它可能会对我们的社会责任感产生负面影响。我们将继续忽视其他人的权利和感情，反过来，我们也有一天会不被尊重的。

The reform of this phenomenon is certainly not easy. With an eye on practical implementation and cost effectiveness , I propose that society make it clear in every way that people who fail to respect the common good will be seriously punished. Stricter policies for this should be made to correct this phenomenon as soon as possible.

改变这一现象肯定是不容易的。从实际的执行和成本效益上看，我认为社会应该在各方面明确指出谁不尊重共同利益将受到严厉的惩罚。应该尽快制定这严厉的政策来纠正这一现象。

We all expect “A World without Thieves". Everyone shares the huge responsibility of demonstrating his or her justice at the proper time. Personal responsibility is vital to build a harmonious socialist society.

我们都希望“天下无贼”。所有人都该承担巨大的社会责任在适当的时候展示他或她的正义感。个人的责任是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键。

[公共场合不道德的行为高考英语作文

【论文摘要】在高考英语试题中，写作是有效提高学生整体成绩的重要手段，写作是目的也是为了测试学生直接运用英语表达的能力而设置的，因此通常都会放在试卷的最后面作为压轴题出现。在高考英语写作要求中，明确提出要让考生运用所学知识进行书写，能组词成句、组句成文，语句符合英语语法和习惯。在写出的书面材料中，要求达到：切中题意，文理通顺，语言准确，得当。那么，怎样才能在高考英语写作中出类拔萃呢？这正是本文要探讨的内容。

一、有的放矢，了解高考英语写作要点

要对高考英语写作的题型及内容有所了解，才能把握好高考英语写作的考点，在此基础上才能找到行之有效的对策及方法。纵观近几年各省高考英语试题中，写作测试的命题思路，有一种从指导性写作逐步向半开放式写作过渡的趋势。半开放式写作，具体地说，就是给考生们提供一定的材料(包括图、文或图文结合)然后要求学生根据材料来进行书面表达，这样的考题形式，既限制了考生随心所欲的思维，又给予考生适当的发挥空间。这种命题方式能较好地考查考生的语言组织能力、书面表达能力以及思维能力。而在文体方面，记叙文、议论文、应用文及书信为最常见的写作题材。因此，我们可以做一个形象的比喻，写文章就像工厂里制造一台机器那样，首先要确定机器由几部分组成，然后对这几部分分别细化，形成初步的设计图；再根据要求对初步的设计图进行完善、补充、修改，随之形成最终的设计图；然后我们再按照图纸的设计，使用我们所掌握的零件去制造出机器；同样的道理，学生写作时可参照以下模式：

1．理解话题：学生在动笔前必须对指定的话题进行反复细读，认真思考，理解其真正的含义，了解出题者的意图，这是进行写作的第一步；

2．明确文体，确定人称时态：这一阶段的判断中，主要强调近十年高考最常见的两种文体：(1)说明文：必须按照事物的原貌加以说明、介绍、解释，常采用一般现在时，被动语态也常使用；(2)记叙文：通常采用第一人称，描述本人的经历或耳闻目睹之事；或用第三人称讲述他人的事情，如果是过去的事情，要用过去时。

3．初拟提纲，再理解话题：明确文体的基础上，草拟写作提纲；提纲是文章的骨架，可以是一句活，也可以是一个词组，由于考试时间所限，提纲内容不必面面俱到，但必须体现文章的整体结构和思路；目前绝大部分高中学生在英语写作时，还习惯于使用母语进行构思，然后将构思好的中文内容翻译成英文，这种情况是正常的；关键在于翻译过程中的语言表达必须符合英语语言的表达习惯

4．开始写作：提纲完成后，应根据提纲充实内容，如果说提纲是骨架的话，那么这时你必须将骨架填充血肉；具体的说就是要扩展要点，连词成句，适当地变换句型，组句谋篇成文；注意应简明扼要，层次分明、用词准确、语法概念清楚，使文章更具说服力，然后在写作完成后，还要对文章进行快速的检查，减少单词的拼写错误和句子表达的错误。

二、高考英语写作指导的具体策略

根据以上对历年高考英语写作试题的分析，我们可以从以下三个方面去指导学生进行写作：

1．细读材料，认真审题

仔细阅读书面表达题所给材料的全部内容，准确理解题目要求。需要认真审查的内容有：(1)文章的开头和结尾是否已给出；(2)用第几人称写作，书面表达要求中会明确指出使用第一人称还是第三人称；(3)提供的情景是图画、图表，还是提纲，如果是连环画，要注意故事情节的连贯性，确定合理的情节发展；(4)是否提供参考词汇，如果提供有参考词汇，写作中最好要用到；(5)采用什么文体，如果是议论文，要有论点、论据和结论三部分。如果是应用文，要注意其格式。如果是记叙文，要抓住六个要素：时间、地点、人物、事件、事情起因、事情的发展与结果。

2．恰当选择词语和句式

认真审题后，就可以列提纲了，将重点单词、短语、句型写在提纲里，关于选词切忌使用生僻词语，要求做到用词准确、得体、达意。选择句式时，尽量使用多种句式，如强调句、倒装句、各种名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句和固定句型等，长句和短句视情况交错使用，这样可以提高文章的档次，使文章生辉。

选词大多是在一组同义词或近义词之间进行。例如，我们要表达“好”这个意思，一般来说，大家会马上想起“good”，因为口语中我们经常说agoodfriend、goodluck、agoodpicture等。但是，在不同的短语中，可以选择不同的英语单词使表达更加准确、生动、形象。

3．多背常识性语句，扩大知识面

语言是有规律的，不同体裁的书面表达都有其常识性语句。如果同学们平时有大量的语句积累，在写作时就能把积累的东西调动起来。这些常识性语句既可增加文章的连贯性、逻辑性和可读性，同时还能提供地道的表达方式。写人物介绍时，应着重写人物的姓名、性别、年龄、职业、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、工作态度、与人相处和社会评价等语句。例如：lipingisagoodteacher，whoisthirtyyearsold．heis175centimetrestallandheishealthy．等。

【参考文献】

[1]韩金龙，秦秀白.体裁分析与体裁教学法.[j].外语界2000(1)

[2]韩金龙.英语写作教学:过程体裁教学法.[j].外语界.2001(4)

[3]何星.“过程写作法”较之“结果写作法”在高中英语写作教学中的

有效性研究.[d]华东师大专业硕士学位论文.2007

导语：你还在为高考英语作文而发愁吗?一篇好的作文，必定是逻辑清晰、遣词流畅的。以下是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的万能句子，希望对您有所帮助。

Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

把所有这些因素加以考虑,我们自然会得出结论……

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …

考虑所有这些因素,我们可能会得出合理的结论……

Hence/Therefore, wed better come to the conclusion that …

因此,我们最好得出这样的结论……

There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.

毫无疑问,跳槽有优点也有缺点.

All in all, we cannot live without … But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.

总之,我们没有…是无法生活的.但同时,我们必须寻求新的解决办法来对付可能出现的新问题.

提出建议:

It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了.

It is time to take the advice of … and to put special emphasis on the improvement of …

该是采纳……的建议，并对……的进展给予特殊重视的时候了。

There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of …

毫无疑问,对……问题应予以足够的重视.

Obviously, … If we want to do something … , it is essential that …

显然,如果我们想做某事,很重要的是…

Only in this way can we … 只有这样，我们才能……

It must be realized that …我们必须意识到……

预示后果:

Obviously, if we dont control the problem, the chances are that … will lead us in danger.

很明显,如果我们不能控制这一问题,很有可能我们会陷入危险.

No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that …

毫无疑问,除非我们采取有效措施,很可能会……

It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.

很紧迫的是,应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展.

From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second. 在我看来,支持第一种观点比支持第二种观点更有道理.

I cannot entirely agree with the idea that …我无法完全同意这一观点……

Personally, I am standing on the side of …就个人而言,我站在……的一边.

I sincerely believe that …我真诚地相信……

In my opinion, it is more advisable to do … than to do ….

在我个人看来,做……比做……更明智.

Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why …

给出原因:

This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons. First, … Second, … Third, …

这一现象的存在是有许多原因的.首先，……;第二,，……;第三，……

Why did …? For one thing …，for another …. Perhaps the primary reason is…

为什么会……?一个原因是……，令一个原因是……;或许其主要原因是……

I quite agree with the statement that … The reasons are chiefly as follows.

我十分赞同这一论述,即……，其主要原因如下:

列出解决办法:

Here are some suggestions for handling … 这是如何处理某事的一些建议.

The best way to solve the troubles is … 解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……

People have figured out many ways to solve this problem. 人们已找出许多办法来解决这个问题.

批判错误观点和做法:

As far as something is concerned, … 就某事而言，……

It was obvious that …很显然,….

It may be true that …, but it doesnt mean that …

可能……是对的,但这并不意味着……

It is natural to believe that …, but we shouldnt ignore that …

认为……是很自然的,但我们不应忽视……

There is no evidence to suggest that … 没有证据表明……

Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face.

如今，(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了.

It is commonly believed that … / It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为……

Many people insist that … 很多人坚持认为……

With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为……

A lot of people seem to think that … 很多人似乎认为……

引出不同观点:

Peoples views on … vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that….人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……，然而其他人却认为……

People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解.

Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异.

There are different opinions among people as to …关于……，人们的观点大不相同.

Different people hold different attitudes toward (failure). 对(失败)人们的态度各不相同。

１、“大男子主义”的昆虫 最新一期《自然》杂志报道，瑞典科学家发现，雄性宙斯虫可能是动物王国中最具有“大男子主义”的昆虫。它们不仅从雌虫处获取食物，而且由“妻子”背着走并任意交尾。瑞典乌普萨拉大学动物生态学家约兰·阿恩奎斯特领导的研究小组说，这种最近被发现并命名的小虫在澳大利亚东海岸过着“悠闲”的生活。在交尾期，雄虫骑在体积比它们大一倍的雌性宙斯虫背上，依靠雌虫的分泌物为食。科学家指出，动物界通常是雄性为雌性提供食物，让雌性健康强壮以利繁殖后代。因此，宙斯虫属于罕见的特例。澳大利亚墨尔本大学马克·埃尔加博士推测说，雌性宙斯虫为“丈夫”准备食物并背着它们可能是为了避免被交尾后饥肠辘辘的雄虫吞噬。 如果推测属实，那么科学家为这种小虫起名为“宙斯”就再恰当不过了，因为希腊神话中的主神宙斯曾无情地吃掉自己的第一个妻子美蒂斯。

２、鹦鹉自残 不仅仅是人类会患抑郁症，像鹦鹉等鸟类也会出现其中的一种症状——自残行为，将自己身上的羽毛全部拔光。它们患上抑郁症是生活方式改变的结果。 与人类生活在一起后，鹦鹉会将喂养它的主人当做配偶的替身，并与主人建立感情。当主人换作他人或离开时，会出现两种情况：如果身边有其他同类的话，鹦鹉会与配偶一起生活，精神状态的稳定便不会受到影响；但如果没有同类与其相伴，鹦鹉会进入精神紧张的状态，它会停止进食，从自己胸脯的羽毛开始拔起，然后是尾羽，有时它们只留下翅膀上的羽毛。 在这种情况下，人们往往会误认为是由于天气太热，鹦鹉自己正在脱毛。

３、可悲的“彩虹”行动 在世界海战史上，迫于种种困境而将自己的军舰全部沉入海底的历史悲剧屡见不鲜，历史上法国海军有过，俄国以及后来的苏联海军也有过，甚至中国抗日战争初期的KM T海军，也曾将自己的舰队自沉于长江口外。但是，在有这种历史悲剧的国家中，要数在两次世界大战中两次自沉舰艇的德国海军的行动最为典型。 在第一次世界大战中，与英国海军争雄于大西洋的德国“大洋舰队”，曾是一支拥有超级战列舰（排水量４．２万吨）４艘、战列舰４０艘、巡洋舰７艘、驱逐舰和鱼雷艇１４４艘、潜艇２８艘的庞大舰队。这支舰队曾在“日德兰海战”中以损伤２艘战列巡洋舰、４艘巡洋舰和４艘驱逐舰的代价，取得了击沉英国３艘被誉为世界一流的大型战列巡洋舰、３艘巡洋舰和８艘驱逐舰的辉煌战绩。这支“大洋舰队”虽然在战争后期被英国舰队死死地封锁在威廉港内，但元气未伤，实力尚存，仍是一支可观的威慑力量。 １９１８年，第一次世界大战宣告结束。战败的德国根据停战协定的要求，被迫将那支“大洋舰队”集结到英国的斯卡帕弗洛海军基地，等待正式签署《凡尔赛和约》》之日，向英国海军移交。从６月１８日到２０日，苏格兰的斯卡帕弗洛地区连下大雨。２０日午后，雨渐停止，晴朗的天空中出现了一条十分壮观和美丽的彩虹。然而，与这壮丽的景色形成反差的，是一群垂头丧气的德国海军军官，他们不敢正视战败国这一严酷现实，更不甘心把那些威力强大的军舰移交给曾当过自己手下败将的英国人。这些海军军官云集在舰队司令冯·舍尔海军上将的“弗·德·格罗赛”号旗舰上，正在商量着如何沉掉这支舰队的方法和对策。当最后商量以什么口令作为这次沉船行动的暗语时，冯·舍尔上将正好抬头看见了天空中出现的那道绚丽的彩虹，他忧心忡忡但又不甘心地说：“就叫彩虹吧！大雨过后，彩虹是会出现的。” 次日一早，随着舰队司令一声令下，“彩虹”行动付诸实施。片刻间，一艘艘巨舰沉入海底，整个“大洋舰队”灰飞烟灭，全部葬身于苏格兰的斯卡帕弗洛海域。但是，正如冯·舍尔上将和他的部属们所企望的一样，德国侵略扩张的本性难改，没过几年，德国海军又死灰复燃，磨刀霍霍，趁着两次世界大战的间隙又一次东山再起。 到二战爆发时，德国海军的水面战斗舰艇虽略逊英国海军一筹，但它却建立了一支当时世界上最庞大、最先进的水下潜艇舰队。仅在开战的第一年中，这支潜艇舰队就击沉了盟国各型舰船４７１艘，总吨位达２１８．６万吨。这种疯狂的潜艇“绞杀战”，在战争初期几乎使英伦三岛陷入了绝境。但是，随着世界反法西斯战争的节节胜利，德国海军重蹈覆辙，又上演了一次自沉军舰的历史悲剧。１９４５年５月８日，当希特勒的继承人、德国海军元帅卡尔·冯·邓尼茨在投降书上签字的同时，由他一手创建的德国潜艇部队的官兵中，却没有人肯听从他放下武器的命令。这些战争狂人继承了历史上德国旧军人的衣钵，秘密地向全舰队以及还在海洋中活动的２２０艘德国潜艇，下达了执行“彩虹”行动的暗语。就在正式受降的那一天，全部德国潜艇先以上浮形式表示投降，随即一声令下，２２０艘潜艇一齐自沉于深海之中。

４、谁能打进美国“上流社会” 如果从财富的占有量来衡量，现在能被称做上流社会的人大约占美国人口总数的１％。这１％的美国人拥有全美国财富的４２％；其中最富有的家庭所拥有的财产的数目最低的也达２００万美元以上。能进入美国上流社会的人必定是有钱人。但有钱人是否真正能够进入美国的“上流社会”则还要看他的钱是“旧钱”（指经几代经营得来的钱）还是“新钱”（指靠自我奋斗，一下子暴富得来的钱）。如果他手中的钱属于“新钱”，那么他充其量也只能说是属于按家庭经济状况划分的“上层阶级”，暂还算不上是“上流社会”的人。 １９世纪初，纽约的上流社会是指以艾斯特家族为核心的“四百人”的小圈子。艾斯特家族早年靠其祖宗约翰·雅各布·艾斯特与中国人从事皮货贸易而迅速致富，经几代人的努力，到了１９世纪初艾斯特家族已经成为纽约数一数二的“名门望族”。据说，约翰·雅各布·艾斯特的儿媳妇卡洛琳·艾斯特是那个时期纽约社交界皇后，她手中有一张４００人的名单，详细记载着美国社会中名门望族家庭的名士淑女。她每一次举办舞会，都是按这张名单抽取参加者，绝无例外。以后，在美式英语中，“四百人”特指上流社会的小圈子。 上流社会对于“新贵”的排斥，甚至连这个国家最有权势的人都不放过。相传波士顿的一位旧贵族对于肯尼迪家族的发迹史一直耿耿于怀，即使在肯尼迪当上美国总统后，也不忘咒骂肯尼迪家族是“在街上游浪的、的爱尔兰人”，并拒绝与肯尼迪家族交往。当然，在美国，最终决定人在社会中的地位的还是“经济实力”。 在美国社会中，个人的社会关系网络早在中学时代就已经开始建立起来。在私校中，出自同一家庭背景的学生以及他们共同接受的教育已经让他们结下了“神圣同盟”。美国的“社会精英”有三种：政治精英、经济精英和技术精英。这些人在各自的领域发挥领导作用。一个人能否成为“社会精英”可以与家庭背景有关系，但更多的还是靠自我奋斗以及接受完美的教育而成为某一领域的佼佼者。有人曾经考察美国的《社会名人录》，发现美国大公司的董事多数出自上流社会；而美国的政治家、高级军事将领、宗教领导人则更多地出自中产阶级家庭，这些人是通过自己的努力或接受完美的教育而成为“社会精英”的。还有一个有意思的现象，美国政府的决策集团以及中央情报局、司法部门，大多从社会的上层阶级中吸收高级决策人员。许多上流社会的家庭成员还直接参与政治竞选，如肯尼迪家族和洛克菲勒家族。 对于一般人而言，１００２１只是美国某一个地区的邮政编码。然而，对于美国人口学家来说，他们清楚地知道这个编码代表着美国最富裕的社区：位于纽约市的、介于第五大道和东河之间的、从东６１街到东８０街的这片区域。这一地段的核心区则是有着“贵族区”之称的社会名流王国。这里盘踞着拥有财富、权力和社会地位的机构团体、最时髦的私人俱乐部、最好的私立学校。 居住在纽约市第五大道和公园大道附近的一些名门望族至今仍然保留每年举行冬、夏两季社交聚会的传统。现在，这类社交聚会的性质已经从早年的“社交阶梯”变成一种家族公共关系的联络方式。

５、老外的文哥奇遇 加拿大人保罗最近披露的自己文哥期间在中国南京的经历，对今天的中国人来说，别有一番滋味 险些成了洋“反革命” 一天早晨，我和同伴到新街口附近的一条小巷散步。居民大院门外的树阴下，几位老人正在闲聊和下象棋。小巷里中国人的日常生活风情，对我来说相当新鲜，于是我举起照相机拍了几张照片。几位老人见我拍照，突然一拥而上夺下了我的相机。他们情绪愤怒地斥责我“居心叵测地拍摄中国的阴暗面”。在一群人的押解下，我和同伴被带到了派出所。值班警察拿过我的相机摆弄了一会儿后问我们是哪国人。我答“加拿大”。“是什么国家？在哪里？”我答：“在北美。”警察惊叫道：“你是个美帝国主义分子。”我吓得直哆嗦，急忙解释：“我不是美帝国主义，我是加拿大人。你知道白求恩大夫吗？他就是加拿大人。”警察一听到“白求恩”，态度立即缓和了。“你是白求恩大夫的亲戚吗？”

我说：“我不是白求恩大夫的亲戚，只是他的同胞。”他又感兴趣地追问：“那你是不是像白求恩一样，受外国共产党的派遣来支援中国革命的？”我只好又一次否认。于是警察态度严肃地指责我说：“首先你没经过中国政府的批准就随便拍摄，这是犯罪行为。第二，你不去拍我们壮丽的大好河山，不去拍我们社会主义建设欣欣向荣的新风貌，不去拍我们人民群众抓革命、促生产的冲天干劲，却偏偏钻进中国落后的小巷内，故意拍摄我们的阴暗面，你这是妄图别有用心地诬蔑我国。” 我建议警察给我们下榻的饭店打电话，外交部的陪同官员会向他解释。到了午餐时分，外交部官员终于赶来将我们营救了出去，此时我俩已被扣押了一个上午。临出门前警察说：“你要接受教训，以后应该多拍摄社会主义光明的一面。这次看在你是白求恩大夫的亲人面子上放了你们。” 谁说大锅饭不好吃 在上海虹桥人民公社，我们有机会与当地社员一道在集体大食堂吃“大锅饭”。食物丰盛得应有尽有，肉、鱼、鸡、蛋，蔬菜、豆腐、汤、水果，引得代表团成员们皆羡慕中国翻身解放后的农民，天天如过节般的富裕生活。根本不像那些游水逃到香港的大陆难民所形容的，所谓中国农村饥荒遍野的惨状。 我们也被领到城市里的食品店、百货店随意看看，货架上商品琳琅满目、丰富多彩。 我们还曾到上海宝钢及一间纺织厂参观。在中国参观程序都一样，进门后先由厂领导介绍工厂的历史及解放后翻天覆地的新变化，再就是当前文哥日新月异的风貌。我们对一些技术情况及产量感兴趣，厂方每每爽快地对答如流，特别是产量的吨数，我仍记得那是个可怕的天文数字，因数字过于巨大以至于我根本无法记住，而且这个数字每年还会“超过历史水平”。当然参观工厂时我也发现他们的设备非常陈旧，我见到一台机器上标着１９２９年制造的字样。但我什么也没说。

每次参观完毕后，我们都被邀请与厂领导一起吃顿好饭。这每每引发起西方人对中国人工作午餐高质量的赞叹。因在西方，宾客若参观当地的公司、工厂、学校等任何机构，都会被邀请到该机构的餐厅吃顿普通的工作餐，绝不会特别为来访的客人开小灶。我们误以为我们每到一处所享受的“工作餐”，就是通常中国老百姓天天吃的“工作餐”。当然无论如何没想到，我们每天在中国的见闻都是被刻意安排出来的，待我知晓真相时已是文哥结束几年后的事情了。 中华医学真神奇 卫生部官员介绍新中国的医疗卫生成就时，我们得知中国人享受公费医疗。

我们参观了神奇的针刺麻醉手术。一位浑身插满中医针头的妇女躺在手术台上，非常神奇的是，她虽然被麻醉了但神志仍然清醒，还可以与医生交谈。医生从她的肚子内取出来一块大肿瘤。手术完毕后，那妇女即刻自己走下手术台，并走出了手术室。中国针灸魔术看得我们叹为观止。但当那位病妇迈进旁边的一个房间时，我瞥见她正摇摇欲倾，两位护士跑过去一左一右地扶住了她。 高唱颂歌收奇效 我们还参观了上海展览馆，当时正在展出中国艰苦奋斗、自力更生制造的机械设备。事隔３１年后，我又去了上海展览馆，那天正红红火火地举办上海房地产售楼会。当时在中国期间，我们白天到处“随便走走”，晚上被安排观赏文娱演出。看过现代京剧《沙家浜》、芭蕾舞剧《白毛女》。与中方文艺工作者联欢时学会了“大海航行靠舵手，万物生长靠太阳”。每当我们高歌这首文哥时期的领袖颂歌时，次次都取得轰动效果，在场的中国人皆掌声雷动地加入到合唱中来，每个中国人的表情既神圣又慷慨激昂。我们也教会了中国人唱加拿大民歌《红河谷》。参观北京的一所中学时，校方赠送了我一个红卫兵袖章，至今这件历史文物仍摆放在我家的客厅里。

６、几人同拉一把小提琴 1931年9月，《真理报》刊出高尔基的一篇文章，他号召作家们为俄国各大工厂写厂史。紧接着，便有了具体的计划，要出版一套《工厂史》丛书。以高尔基的声望，很快吸引了许多作家参加这项工作，并且决定组成几个突击队集体写作这套丛书。 作家康·帕乌斯托斯基也被召集来了，但他拒绝参加突击队的工作：“我认为，就像不可能由两个人或三个人同拉一把小提琴一样，几个人合写一本书也是不可能的。”高尔基听罢，回答说：“年轻人，人家会责备你自命不凡的。”好在高尔基是宽容并深知文学创作规律的。他接受了帕乌斯托斯基的选择。 后来，帕乌斯托斯基完成了小说《夏尔·隆塞维利的命运》，是他文学创作生涯中的重要作品之一。如果他参加突击队，几个人或更多的人在一起讨论写作，结果会怎样？能写出什么样水平的作品，实在难说。 几个人同拉一把小提琴是荒唐的，但在文化学术领域却时有类似的事情。

７、日本家长不送孩子上学 在日本，学校门口上学放学时见不到一个学生家长，只有学生们三五成群地背着书包在人行道上行走。日本的家长为何不接送孩子呢？ 日本小学按照人口密度合理进行划分，基本上是每1万居民就设置一所小学。本区域住户的孩子都要到这个小学上学，以保证学生们步行15至20分钟就可到达学校。因为是就近上学，小学生们每天都是徒步往返。 在日本，无论小学还是中学，都没有中国国内那种重点和非重点之分，也很少有为了让孩子上重点学校而交钱跨区上的。 在日本，家长不开车或者骑车接送孩子上下学。一位小学校长解释说：“因为这样不利于培养孩子的吃苦和自立能力。更重要的是，如果家长都开车接送孩子的话，学校周围的车流量就会加大，导致交通拥堵。这样非但不会比学生自己步行上学快，还有可能增加发生交通事故的隐患。”

８、历史记忆的差别 法国一位名叫切尔西的女记者走访了在二战中遭受浩劫的一些城市。她对日本的广岛和中国的南京两个灾难深重的城市记录得比较详细，现摘抄一些： 广岛：被原子弹轰炸的残骸都保存完好； 南京：难以找到当年屠城遗址。 南京：大屠杀死难人数36万人以上，纪念馆“哭墙”上只刻有3000个死者的名字； 广岛：2001年8月6日，公布原子弹受害者221893人，精确到个位。 广岛：每年8月6日，举行悼念大会，8月15日，钟声汽笛鸣响，工厂、学校、机关停止一切工作，全城哀悼；南京大屠杀纪念大会从1985年才开始，1997年才有了拉响防空警报和车船汽笛的做法，除了悼念大会会场，鲜见肃立默哀场面。 南京：参加纪念大会人数2000左右，最多不到1万人，占全市人口1/2800或1/500；广岛：参加纪念大会的有5万多人，占全市人口1/21…… 两个民族对历史的记忆，为什么差别这么大？

９、争抢一片云 据《大河报》7月12日报道，从7月9日晚8时至翌日下午5时，河南漯河、平顶山、驻马店、许昌、周口5市竞相实施人工增雨。肆虐的干旱彻底消除。 记者从有关部门获悉，此次人工降雨量最多的是平顶山和许昌两市，市区均超过100毫米；周口市区最少，仅为27毫米。据了解，人工增雨的5市，借助的同是一块自西南向东北飘移的云块，该云块最后到达周口市时，由于一路“降雨”消耗了不少储量，加上4市在途中大面积截留，尽管到达周口上空时遭到了“暴打”，但只挤出几点“毛毛雨”。 11日下午，周口市一位气象专业人士在接受记者电话采访时，对某市过多截留云雨怨气很大：“那儿都暴雨成灾了，还在狂轰滥炸，这还有个规矩没有？”在本次人工增雨中，5市为抢夺云水资源，均投入了大量的人力和物力，仅漯河市，就耗资了20多万元。 近年来，随着高新技术的发展，人们对大气资源的掌控和驾驭能力提高很快。但如何利用开发大气资源？目前我国还没有相关法律法规做出相应规定。如何科学、合理地开发利用和调控大气资源，克服人工增雨的片面功利行为，应是一项亟待研讨、解决的重要议题。

１０、孙中山禁称万岁 孙中山在民国成立之初，曾乘军舰往福建视察。舰泊马尾，都督孙道仁前来迎接，请孙先生换乘甲板船登岸。这时孙中山发现，聚集一起欢迎他的许多小船，大都悬挂纸旗和布条，称他“万岁”。孙中山不悦，对孙道仁说：“万岁一词，是封建帝王要臣民这样称呼他的。我们为了反抗这个‘万岁’，许多革命同志抛头颅、洒热血。如果我接受这个称呼，对得起先烈吗？”他要求撤掉这些纸旗和布条，否则决不登岸。孙道仁慌忙传达，所有小船也赶紧照办了。孙中山这才欣然换船上岸。 可惜历史有惰性。封建思想并不容易一了百了。封建思想有如病菌，“灭菌”之路还长！

1.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友Bill来信询问language teacher. 你家乡是否有雾霾天气，情况如何.请按下面写 What frequently brings back memories of 一封电子邮件1.感谢他得关心2.介绍情况:(1)my school teacher is his special qualities. First of 去年以来以发生数次雾霾天气(2)人们已认识all, I was attracted by his lively wit. I remember 到雾霾天气的危害，正采取各种举措减少其发we always long for his class with great eagerness 生(3)你自己为此做了什么或打算做什么Dear because his lecture were humorously delivered, Bill,I’m glad to receive your letter, thank you for never failing to provoke loud laughs. Second, he your caring for the weather and my health. Now gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer-- an I’d like to tell you something about the smog. awakening of a passion for learning. He not only Since the winter last year, the smog has occurred led us to an appreciation of the beauty and a lot of times. it has done great harm to our daily perfection of Chinese and literature, but also life. many traffic accidents happened just because aroused our great interest in exploring something of the heavy smog weather, more and more deeper in this field. Finally, I was deeply people have to go to see the doctor because the impressed by the respect he showed for us, for he serious disease caused by the smog, quite a lot of treated us like friends rather than students. flights have to be put off, a great number ofAlthough it is nearly 10 years since I people have to stay at home for fear of the attended his last class, he is the talk of our old poisonous air caused by the smog. classmates, and I know part of him has alreadyPeople have realized the great harm caused stayed in my heart. by the smog and the importance of protecting the 5.Is English Not Important Any More（英语不再environment. people all over the country are 重要） taking measures to reduce the smog weather. the Recently, the Ministry of Education has drafted a government suggests people go to work or school

Firstly, self-confidence enables us to have the

ambition of being successful. Only when you have the ambition to be successful, can you be successful eventually. Secondly, once we gain self-confidence, we will possess the courage and strength to overcome the setbacks and difficulties. With self-confidence, no one and nothing can stop you to success.Thirdly, with self-confidence we may accomplish something which seems to be impossible previously. No great thing is easy for us, therefore we should hold the idea that

anything is possible. We should, or have to trust in ourselves.

In short, self-confidence is the spiritual pillar of a person as well as the inherent power, which is of great importance and value to a person.

9. 节约是中华人民的传统美德，然而，当前国人的浪费现象却十分严重，尤其是餐桌上的浪费。请用英语写一篇100-120词的短文，描述你的一次“餐桌浪费”经历，并结合当前的“光盘行动”(Clear Your Plate Campaign) With large amounts of food thrown away with the public traffic, such as the bus and the

underground. Also we should plant more trees.

or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste According to me, I will go to school by bike

in addition, I will tell the people I meet to protect anywhere. the environment as possible as they can. would you like to tell me some good forward to your reply.

ideasI’m looking 2.作文要求：例：1、生活中确实存在不讲诚信

的现象2、举一例说明(如，有毒奶粉、考试

作弊等)3、讲求诚信的意义Honesty is a

virtue Comes the Wolf Almost all of us heard the story （诚信是一种美德）

What we can learn from the story is that we must

“ when we were little kids.

“ Here

be honest. However, thereof dishonesty nowadays. ’re lots of phenomena other people but also to yourself. Take the case of Being dishonest does great harm not only to fake milk powder for example. After drinking this

kind of milk, the babies had big heads while their

legs and arms were still thin, which badly affected

their health. To our great relief, the producers got

accused and punishedconsequences in the end. for all the serious reliable will make other people trust you, which Having the reputation of being honest and will provide you many benefits and give you

opportunities that others may not get. Being

honest, you will find it easier to cooperate with

others and people will be friendly to you and

support you. In a sense, if life is a long journey, honesty will be the backpack that should be taken along all the way. and start the wonderful journey! Let’s pick up our “ backpack “ —honesty, 3.build an energy-saving society(

型社会)

建立一个节约

近日你所在的学校开展了“为建设节约型社会

献一计”主题活动，同学们提出了许多建议。

请你根据以下要点：1.不浪费粮食和纸张 2.

尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋 3.毕业生将书赠

给低年级同学循环使用？参考词汇：方便筷

disposable chopsticks

Recently，there has been an activity of

“doing your bit for an energy-saving society” in

our school. Our schoolmates are highly concerned

about the increasing lack of energy and provide

their own suggestions.

Some students suggest that we shouldn’t

waste any food or paper, though they appear very

easy to get. Meanwhile, some other students think

it advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks

and plastic bags. Besides, it is also strongly

recommended that those used textbooks as well

as reference books of graduates, which are still in

good condition, not be thrown but recycled.

Actually, there are still quite a lot that we

can easily do: say, try to take buses or ride

bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. All of these

will definitely help to build an energy-saving

society.

4.有关“人与事件”话题The Most Unforgettable

Person in my memory

(1)我生活中最难以忘怀的人是(2)为什

么他 (或她)一直在我心中 (3)结论

In my life I have met many people who are

really worth my recalling. But perhaps the most

unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese

reform about English, it is said that English will be not the subject that take into account of the College Entrance Exam, a lot of students feel excited, because they think English will not be their burden. The reform may relieve some students who are week in English, they think they donEnglish, because English is not important any ’t need to spend so much time in learning more. The fact is that they get the wrong idea,

English still important even though it will be no more considered to be the College Entrance Exam. The trend is people learning English since they are young, parents pay special attention to the children’s second language, so most students now are good at English. What’s more, English is the most widely used language, it can enhance a student’s competition. So English is still important to learn. 6.Work and SuccessSince we go to school, we are taught that no pain, （付出与成功） no gain, it means that if people want to be successful, they must work hard. But the truth is that not everyone can get what they want, even they work hard so much, but if working hard does not bring success, why should they still need to work hard. In my opinion, working hard doesn’t mean the person can success certainly, success needs more factors, like the time, the luck and other things.There is no doubt that if the person does not work hard and fight for his goal, there is no way for him to get what he wants. Some actors start their career at the very young age, when they are also 40, they become famous suddenly, if they give up, they can’t be waiting for their reputation. So working hard, there is much chance to get succeed. 7.No Pains, No Gains（一分耕耘，一分收获） It is obvious to everybody that the only way to achieve ones goal is to work hard. Just as the old saying goes;no mill, no meal; Have you ever seen a man who succeeds just by idling aboutOf course, the answer is; No; so we know if you want to gain something, you will have pains.The farmers harvest by a year of arduous work; the scientists gain achievements by years of devoted researches; students get good marks by working hard; even the little ants have their food by working hard day and night. 1 know there are always some people who wait for the opportunities falling on them. They may attribute their failures to lack of good chances. Therefore, there are so many people gaining nothing at last. Clever men know that the more effort they make, the bigger chance they will have to be successful.So, when others achieve their aspirations and you still gain nothing, dont complain about the unfair fate and dont give up, either. Remember: no pains, no gains. 8.The Importance of Self-Confidence（自信的重要 ） People say that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring you courage to stick to what you do. Without self-confidence, one can not do well in anything. Self-confidence is of great importance and value to a person. each year, the problem of food waste is

widespread in China. Last Spring Festival, my father invited several friends to dinner in a restaurant. My father ordered a lot to show respect and display generosity.

What surprised me was he ordered an extra dish before we could finish all! When we stood up to leave, there were many dishes unfinished. Out of embarrassment, my father was reluctant to take the leftovers home. Later, we all shared the opinion that it was a great waste.

Recently, the Clear Your Plate Campaign started nationwide. I firmly believe that if everyone does his bit, the food waste will be significantly reduced.

10.【校园生活】假如你是诸暨二中高三(1)的李华，今年即将高中毕业。请根据以下要点给某英文报写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对高三生活的看法。 (1)对获得的帮助表示感谢;(2)消除与 同学之间的误会;(3)努力学习，实现人生梦想;(4)对学弟、学妹的建议。

High school is regarded as the best time in a persons life. As a senior three student, it wont take long before I graduate. Now, I have much to share with my fellow students.

Firstly, I would like to show my appreciation to those standing by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included. Without their help and advice, my life would be different. Secondly, its high time to say sorry to classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood. Communication and

smiles act as bridges to friendship. Above all, Ive made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the old saying goes, "no pains, no gains."Finally I hope that all the younger fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no men.

11.根据下面提示，有关“财富、健康、幸福”话题

(1)写一篇《财富与快乐》的短文。一些人认为财富能带来快乐。

(2)另一些人认为钱多了不是一件好事。(3)注意：单词数提出自己的看法。120个左右。

Wealth and Happiness

happiness to them. It is true that most of them try Some people think wealth can bring

to acquire wealth by means of honest labor. They work hard and overcome many difficulties. After doing this, they feel very happy and pleased. Even their spending money is a kind of happiness them happiness. For example, when one gets a But some people believe wealth can。

’t bring fortune, the family members will come from different parts of the country and try to share the wealth with him. And afterwards, they will quarrel with one another, trying to share more. And sometimes even appear bloody fight and killing. What a terrible result!

wealth brings happiness, especially in the modern In my opinion, I think there is no doubt that society. If you have money you can lead a

comfortable and colorful life. But we should take a proper attitude towards wealth. Remembermoney is not everything12。

： 生态游，你觉得名不副实。请你根据下表内容假如你上周末参加了某旅行社组织的所谓把自己经历的这次生态游和对真正生态游的看

空气;有人摘花、捉鸟、乱扔垃圾;真正的生态游 享受自然，同时也是一种责任’要保护自然，保护野生动物’带走美好回忆，留下青山绿水Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency. All the way we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and fresh air. But a few of us picked flowers as while going sightseeing.. Some 2

I don’t think this is a true eco-travel. A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love for nature, but needs our

responsibility as well. As we enjoy the beauty of nature, we should try our best to protect it. And we should also try to protect wildlife. A true eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your good memory; leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.

第三部分 英语写作经典句型

By +doing, … can … 通过/借着...，..能够.. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.虽然我们的国家富有我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意

By taking exercise, we can always keep fit.通过做运动，我们能够始终保持健康。

Listening to music enable us to feel relaxed.听音乐使我们能够感觉轻松。

… enable + Object(受词)+ to + V ...使..能够.. What an important thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

How important a thing it is to keep our promise! 遵守诺言是多么重要的事!

On no account can we ignore the value of

knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 On no account can we + V =by no means, … 我们绝对不能...

Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。

6.The data/statistics/figures lead us to the

conclusion that….通过数据我们得到的结论是， 7.It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们可以得出这样的结论

8.From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……也许更好 四.举例句型

1.Lets take...to illustrate this.2.lets take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.3.

Here is one more example. 4.Take … for example. 5.The same is true of….6.This offers a typical instance of….7.We may quote a common example of….8.Just think of…. 五.常用于引言段的句型

1. Some people think that …. 有些人认为…To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below. 坦率地说，我不能同意他们的意见，理由如下。

2. For years, … has been seen as …, but things are quite different now.多年来，……一直被视the most + 形容词 + 名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever + seen (known/ heard/ had/ read, ) the + ~ est + + seen (known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)

名词 + (that) + 主词 + have ever A + be + 形容词最高级 + B + have/ has ever + (known/ heard/ had/ read, etc)

Bai jing is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.白晶是我所看过最美丽的女孩。

The + 较级 + S + V … 形容词比较级愈… + S + V愈…

, the + 形容词比The harder you work, the more progress you make. The more books we read, the more learned we 你愈努力，你愈进步。

become. 我们书读愈多，我们愈有学问。 Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + V;;;Nothing is + more +形容词+ than to +V

Nothing is +形容词比较级+ than to + do sth. Nothing is easier than to give up.容易的事了。

没有比放弃更Nothing is more important than to receive education.It is time + S + 没有比接受教育更重要的事。过去式 该是...的时候了 It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.

该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。

It is conceivable that knowledge plays an

important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。

It is conceivable + that It is obvious + that 从句从句 (明显的 (可想而知的)

) It is apparent + that 从句 (显然的) It pays to help others.It pays to do sth. ...是值得的。帮助别人是值得的 There is no doubt

+ that 从句 毫无疑问的...

There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。

There is no one but … 没有人不...

There is no one but longs to go to college. 没有人不渴望上大学。

… cannot emphasize the importance of … too much.再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。 We cannot emphasize the importance of

protecting our eyes too much. 保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。我们再怎么强调

The reason why + 从句 is + that 从句 ...的原因是..The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 That is the reSummer is sultry. That is the reason why I don’t ason why … 那就是...的原因 like it. 夏天很炙热。那就是我不喜欢它的原因。 An advantage of An advantage of using the solar energy is that it is + that 从句.的优点是... won’t create (produce) any pollution. 使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。

Due to / Owing to / Thanks to sth./ doing因为. Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream.So + adj. + be + 因为他的鼓励,我终于实现我的梦想。 So precious is time that we can‘t afford to waste 主语 + that 从句：如此.以致于 it.

by no means = in no way 一点也不

be+forced/ compelled/ obliged + to do不得不 Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.Those who … ...违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。的人...

Smoking has a great influence on our health.对我们的健康有很大的影响。

抽烟have a great influence on 对...有很大的影响 Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.染对我们的生存造成一大威胁

污Reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益 Overwork does harm to health.有害do good to对...有益do harm to工作过度对健康对..有害高考英语作文万能句子：8种实用句型 一.开头句型

1.As far as ...is concerned就……而言

2.It goes without saying that... 不言而喻，... 3.It can be said with certainty that... 地说......

可以肯定4.As the proverb says， 正如谚语所说的， 5.It has to be noticed that... 6.Its generally recognized that... 它必须注意到，它普遍认为... ...7.Its likely that ... 这可能是因为... 8.Its hardly that... 9.Its hardly too much to say that... 这是很难的......

它几乎没有太多的说…

10.What calls for special attention is that...别注意的是

需要特11.Theres no denying the fact that...毫无疑问， 12.Nothing is more important than the fact that... 没有什么比这更重要的是…

13.whats far more important is that..更重要的是 二.衔接句型

1.A case in point is ... 一个典型的例子是...2.As is often the case...由于通常情况下...

3.As stated in the previous paragraph4.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore 如前段所述然 而问题并非如此简单，所以…… 5.But its a pity that... 6.For all that...对于这一切但遗憾的是...... In spite of the fact …

that...尽管事实......

7.Further, we hold opinion that..为

此外我们坚持认8.However , the difficulty lies in..然而困难在于 9.Similarly, we should pay attention to... 我们要注意...

同样，10.not(that)...but(that)...不是，而是

11.In view of the present station.12.As has been mentioned above...鉴于目前形势正如上面所提到的…

13.In this respect, we may as well (say) 角度上我们可以说

从这个14.However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is... 一方面，即 … 然而我们还得看到事物的另三.结尾句型

1.I will conclude by saying... 2.Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...最后我要说… 因此，我们有理由相信…

3.All things considered,safely said that...它可以有把握地说总而言之 It may be ......

4.Therefore, in my opinion, its more advisable...因此，在我看来，更可取的是…

5.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that….通过以上讨

为……，但今天的情况有很大的不同。

3. I believe the title statement is valid because…. 我认为这个论点是正确的，因为…

4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….我无法完全同意这一观点的… I believe….5. My argument for this view goes as follows.我对这个问题的看法如下。

6. Along with the development of…, more and more….随着……的发展，越来越多…

7. There is a long-running debate as to whether….有一个长期运行的辩论，是否…

8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that….它通常是认为…

9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.就我而言，我完全同意前者/后者。

10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is

essential to look at the argument of both sides.在给出我的观点之前，我想有必要看看双方的论据。

六 表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法 1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in…. 4. A differs from B in….5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in….6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B….7. A…, on the other hand,/in is generally believed that A …, I believe B….9. contrast,/while/whereas B….8. While it Despite their similarities, A and B are also

different.10. Both A and B …. However, A…; on the other hand, B….11. The most striking difference is that A…, while B…. 七 演绎法常用的句型

1. There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.有几个原因……，但一般，他们可以归结为三个主要的。 2. There are many factors that may account for…, but the following are the most typical ones.有许多因素可能占...，但以下是最典型的。 3. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.面的可能是最有效的。有很多方法可以解决这个问题，但下

4. Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.5. The reasons are as follows. 一般来说，这些优势可以列举如下。 八 因果推理法常用句型

1.Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.

2. If we read the book, we would learn a lot. 3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.

4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot. 由于阅读这本书，我们已经学到了很多。

5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6.Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The

effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight. 吃太多导致超重。

2

大家都想知道怎么写作文才能拿到更高的分数，下面就来看看语文迷网小编为大家整理的写作技巧吧。

一、了解高分作文的特点

要想作文获得高分，必须了解高分作文具有的特点，才有助于我们朝之而努力。高分作文一般具有以下特点：

1、书写工整，书面整洁，很少有涂改痕迹。

2、分段合理。全文分段一般不止一个自然段，让阅卷老师很容易就能找到作文所要求写的要点和重要句子。

3、要点齐全，不缺要点。

4、首尾呼应，自然成一体。

5、使用了大量的高级词汇和句型。阅卷老师一看就知道这个同学的功底非不一般，自然就给打高分了。

6、开头言简意赅，不啰嗦，不偏题，迅速引入主题。

7、段与段之间，自然过渡。有合适的连接词。

8、句与句之间，有恰当的连接词，使之自然成一体。

9、全文中同一个意思，基本没有重复使用某一个词、短语或者句型等，说明这个同学的词汇量不同寻常。老师自然就对该作文有好感了。

10、能够恰当使用谚语、格言等给文章添彩。

二、勤积累，巧准备

要想作文得高分，除了了解以上的特点外，还要在平时的学习中注意一下方面：

1、牢记课标词汇是基础

一篇作文多数是由积极词汇写出来的，这些词汇主要来源于课标。因此，牢记课标词汇是写好作文的基础。

2、掌握课标词汇和短语的用法

要想作文不扣分或者少扣分，有个要求是作文的语病少。怎么能够减少语病呢?这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中反复通过练习，掌握课标词汇和短语等的用法。例如，对于as soon as 、stop some body from doing something 、other 、another等的用法很多学生就经常出错。

3、高度重视同一个意思的多种表达方式

高分作文有个特点是：让老师发现你拥有丰富的词汇量，你的水平高人一筹。这由何而来?靠我们在平时学习过程中，逐步积累起来的。比如：今年的中考作文，谈的就是帮助他人的问题。同一个意思“帮助”，假如你就用一个动词“help”，岂不显得你词汇贫乏?假如你在作文中不断地变换方式，用help、give somebody a hand、 give a hand to somebody 、be in need of 等以表达“帮助”同一个意思，岂不更好呢?

像这样的例子很多，比如：大家都觉得很简单又很基础的“表示姓名的方式”就有：My name is Jim.I’m Jim.I’m called/named Jim. I’m a boy called /named /with the name of Jim. 等等。

表达年龄的方式有：She is 12. She is 12 years old. She is aged 12. She is a girl of 12(years old) 。She is a girl aged 12.等等。

很显然，使用高级一点的更好。

4、加强练习，积累经验

学习语言最好的方法是运用，作文也不例外。我们要想作文得高分，必须经常练习，才能提高水平。

5、充分利用作文范文

很多资料书上都有作文范文。诚然，他们有很多值得借鉴的地方。

我们怎么利用它们呢?首先，我们先不要看文章，自己先思考一下：假如你来写，你会怎么去写，会用到哪些词或者句子等。然后去比较，勾出其中的好词佳句，并且把它摘录在专门的作文册子上。供写作时选用。

另外，背一些范文也是很有必要的。

6、背诵一些谚语和警句

作文中如果出现恰当的谚语和警句，会有锦上添花的效果。

三、精心审题，沉着写初稿

很多同学看到作文后，下笔就写。这是不对的。一则很容易写偏题、写出病句，涂改后书面又不整洁，影响得分。

其实，会写作文的同学都知道，审题非常的重要，可以防止很多毛病，提高得分。那么我们审题要做些什么呢?

审题主要要做一下事情：

1、审人称、时态、体裁等

审题时，要求我们要弄清楚这篇文章主要使用的人称是第几人称，什么时态、什么体裁。这些问题解决后至少不会犯很严重的错误：全文皆错。例如，如果一篇文章，本来应该一般过去时，你的每句话却用了一般现在时态。你想想，那还能得高分吗?

2、明确必须表达的要点

高分作文有个特点是要点齐全。如果漏掉一个要点，则要扣分。因此我们必须认真细读其要求，把必须表达的要点勾出来。保证不漏掉任何一个要点。

3、罗列出可能会用到的短语、句型，确定好使用哪个?

4、确定好如何分段

就是要确定好，将哪些要点放在一个自然段里面，首段、尾段打算写哪些?

四、耐心修改，提炼句子

很多同学写完作文后就感觉大事已毕，高兴地放下笔就了事了。其实，这时候，不妨从以下方面去修改，相信会让你受益匪浅的。

1、巧妙选择使用高级词汇、短语、句型等

当我们掌握了一定量的同意表达法之后，在写作时有时不会让你都运用到的。这时为了展示你与众不同的能力，你务必要选择高级的。例如，就以今年中考的英语作文为例，它就要求写“帮助老人的感受”。至于“老人”的表达法，有old people和the old 。使用后者的同学自然能力比前者强。同样的道理，作文中的“病人”的表达法有sick people ，patients ，the sick ，你认为使用哪个更能显示你的高水平呢?当然是the sick了。

2、巧妙使用低级表达法代替自己的难点

我们写作时难免会遇到一些难以用英语表达的东西。怎么办呢?换为最简单的表达法吧。例如：我市今年中考作文题，就要求学生表达一个意思：帮助同学，可以增进友谊。很多学生翻译不来“增进”，面对这样的问题怎么办呢?怎么不换个说法呢?你看，If we help our classmates with their study and other things ， we can make our friendship longer 。不就达到目的了吗?

3、大胆改变句型，使之生辉

例如，我们将一些句子改为感叹句，复合句、强调句、反意疑问句、将句子改得更能显示你的高水平和能力。何乐而不为呢?

4、高度关注句与句 、段与段之间的衔接问题。务必做到过渡自然，衔接紧凑。

5、适当引用个别谚语或警句，来提高作文档次。

五、一丝不苟抄誊作文

一篇好的作文，经过审题、修改之后，务必要一丝不苟地抄誊在答题卷上，再认真地仔细检查一遍，那才是大公告成了。

1、我们早上7点在校门口集合。

We will gather at the school gate at seven in the morning.

2、我们7：30出发。

We will set off at 7:30.

3、我们将乘公共汽车去。

We will go there by bus.

4、在那儿的饭店吃午饭。

Lunch will be served in the restaurant there.

5、我们将参观那儿的工厂和学校。

We will visit the factories and schools there.

6、然后，我们将和当地的农民聊天。

After that, we will chat with the farmers there.

7、一个小时后，我们去钓鱼。

An hour later, we will go fishing.

8、旅行的费用由学生自己承担。

The cost of the trip will be paid by the students themselves.

9、我们下午5点才能回到学校。

We won’t return to our school until 5:00 p.m.

10、我将全程陪同。

I will be in your company all the way.

(一)面对从未谋面的作文题目，如何正确审题?

◆多则材料类作文的五种类型及审题方法

◆高考作文审题技巧之寻找题眼法

◆高考作文审题之虚实结合法

◆添加因素，丰富思路——作文审题之添加因素法

◆思接千载，心鹜八极——作文审题之联想法

(二)题目是文章的眼睛，如何拟好标题?

◆浅论话题作文拟题方法

◆拟好题目为你的高考作文加分

◆高考作文如何编拟一个出彩的标题

◆拟题技巧让你的作文题目赢得阅卷者的青睐

(三)围绕题目，文章立意如何准确而新颖?

◆差之毫厘，谬以千里——高考作文切合题意的要领

◆高考作文该怎样避免偏离题意

◆准确把握题意——高考作文切题最为紧要

◆考生写作怎样巧妙诠释文题

◆高考寓言类的材料作文审题立意

◆作文立意求新奇方法浅谈

◆高考作文如何做到“切合题意”

(四)起笔写作，如何开头才能使人眼前一亮?

◆高考作文开头“十法”

◆高考作文开头十大禁忌

◆巧设凤头先声夺人——高考作文开头技法

◆未成曲调先有情——高考作文开头技法

◆高考满分作文开头的技巧

◆作文开头的五个经典句式

◆作文开篇如何吸引阅卷老师的眼球

(五)在引人入文后，如何使情节构思巧妙?

◆例谈考场作文的构思技巧

◆例谈记叙文快速构思之画面组合法

◆一种巧妙的结构作文的方法——同构相叠

◆高考作文常见的结构

◆高考议论文的八种模式

(六)在考场环境下，如何及时组织材料?

◆例谈考场作文应急选材三法

◆锦心表里巧妙扣合——高考作文材料的组材

◆裁得彩练当空舞——谈谈高考作文材料的调动

◆胸有三种“得意”材料——高考作文材料的储备

◆有叙有议引线穿针——高考作文材料的组材

◆高考作文记叙文如何选材

◆议论文写作中如何运用素材

◆高考作文：调动材料的艺术

(七)如何锤炼语言，才能彰显文章的魅力?

◆增强语言张力展现文章魅力

◆高考作文写作技巧：反复锤炼语言是重点

◆高考作文如何做到“用词贴切”

◆写作指津：语言纯真显魅力

(八)文章收束，如何结尾才能首尾圆合?

◆历届高考作文精彩结尾50例精选

◆高考作文巧结尾技巧

◆如何使文章结尾有力

◆怎样写好记叙文的结尾

导语：近年来高考书面表达的要求不断提高，高分文章要有较多的词汇，较高级的词汇用法。有了固定的作文句型就再也不用发愁了。以下是yjbs作文网小编为您收集整理的万能句子，希望对您有所帮助。

一.开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例证用语：

in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 时序用语：

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time

in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 强调用语：

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用语：

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 总结用语：

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

活用事例，增加文章的文采与情感

议论文是高中生写作运用最多的一种文体，因其思路清晰易于掌握。但是高中生在写作时往往存在一个问题，即无论是文章整体还是段落内部都大多先提出观点，再举例分析论证，最后总结，呈现一种模式化。而且由于认识世界辩证分析能力的不足，这样的文章有相当一部分虽四平八稳然而不够鲜活灵动，缺乏个性，缺乏张力，缺乏动人的魅力。其实议论文写作最重要的就是事例的运用，我们完全可以活用这些事例，发挥高中生长于叙述抒情的特点，增加文章的文采与情感，使事例呈现别样的状态，让文章变得灵动起来。

一、让事例成为源头活水

确定文章的中心后，搜索能证明文章观点的例子，然后如讲故事一般娓娓道来展开叙述由叙而生理，巧妙引出主题。这样的开头不突兀，不生硬，耐读，温婉中蕴涵力量，能快速抓住读者的心。如2003年高考广东优秀作文《海棠依旧？绿肥红瘦？》的开头：

经过一夜的雨疏风骤之后，浓睡不消残酒的李清照询问花事。侍女笑着回答海棠依旧。女词人却叹息道：应是绿肥红瘦啊！李清照感情细腻，对花有着深切的关心与怜惜，因此她才设想道雨疏风骤后的海棠凋零的容颜。而侍女不然，因此花遭受摧残丝毫没有触动她，甚至不被她觉察。可见，感情的亲疏远近和对事物的认知的正误深浅是有关系的。

二、让事例散发真情实感

在行文中，以渗透个人真情实感的叙写代替严谨实在的说理，使人读了事例充分领会作者的褒贬爱憎，自然而然中打动读者，从而达到让人信服的目的。如2004年高考浙江优秀作文《那一缕馨香》，全文就是靠浸润情感的遣词造句打动读者，我们选择其中的一段：

始皇尝在无数目光的凄清中，让诸子百家在火光中彻底消亡，让天下儒生长眠与漠漠黄土。天下士子不屈的灵魂随着思想的湮没垂垂老去，可叹的是，一个盛世的浮华，竟也在这一瞬间灰飞烟灭。勿以一叶障目，勿被所谓的智慧污浊了天地人世，勿因对人文思想的禁锢成为历史倒退的魁首！

三、让事例呈现细腻形象

通过细细摹写事例的场景和人物的行为，用类似小说的笔法赋予事例形象，让人彷佛身临其境，感受人物的内心，循着作者设定的思维轨迹，做出与作者一样的判断。如一篇以竞争为话题的作文――《真情永驻》，文章第一段通过引用乔丹、苏格拉底的名言，告诉人们：竞争不应该抛弃温情。然后作者以细腻生动的笔触描绘了两个场景：武则天给狄仁杰看娄师德举荐他的奏折，李斯特安排肖邦成功的演出。文末指出：应让真诚之心指引竞争，让人情在竞争中升华！这里引用其中一个场景：

金銮殿上，面对高高在上的武则天，狄仁杰壮起了胆子：陛下，娄师德为官不正，贪赃枉法，曾因一件小事而滥杀平民――铁证如山！说到这里，他心虚了。娄师德与自己素来不合，不论是在官场还是在生活中，都是劲敌。可今天所参都系子虚乌有啊，怎么办？把心一横，豁出去了。

武则天微微一笑，顺手拣了本奏折给狄仁杰：爱卿，看吧。狄打开一看，面色大变――上面全是娄师德请求为自己加官进爵的话。多少年来，强烈的竞争意识使自己的心灵严重扭曲，对手送给自己的，竟是如此的一份真诚。

也许激烈的竞争能蒙住人的双眼，然而心灵深处真诚的阳光必将冲破重重迷雾，照亮一片明朗的天地。人情之花，不应该被竞争的火焰熏地枯萎。

四、让事例转向虚幻空灵

搜索符合观点的例子，发挥想象，创建事例的载体（如梦境、跨越时空等），把事例融入虚构的世界，使文章有一种虚幻空灵之美。如一篇以人生之美为话题的作文，文章虚构我在静夜仰望明月思考如何创造美丽的人生，这时雅典娜飘然降临以指引：她挥手在我眼前展现三幅画面，借此揭示人生蕴含的深刻哲理。现引其文一部分：

我正思考着，忽而夜空中划过一道亮光，一个女神降临到我的窗前。你好，我是雅典娜。她笑着对我说，你似乎满腹狐疑。是的，智慧女神，你能否告诉我，如何才能创造一个最美丽的人生？雅典娜笑而不答，她轻轻挥了挥手，我的眼前出现了一幅画――画中是伟大的爱国诗人屈原那熟悉的身影。他也和我一样长夜难眠，独自在灯下思索。摆在他面前的有两条路：一是和靳尚等同流合污，向楚王奉承献谗；另一种是遭受贬谪，流放南下。他最终选择了流放，因为他不愿向那群污秽之人低头，他要保持自身清白，坚持自己的真理

画面消失了。懂了吗？雅典娜问我。嗯，人生需要坚持己见，做出平凡而伟大的选择。

五、让事例组合，水到渠成

入文很快酒叙写事例或故事，组成几个片断，在片断中融入主旨，几个片断结束后，不经过议论，直接点出中心，恰如画龙点睛。如《一叶落而知天下秋》一文，以三个小标题引领中国古代苏轼、辛弃疾和李清照三位文学家的事例，着重解读他们的性情、心理、生平，在三个事例结束后，收束全文，展示他们为后人所铭记的根本原因――傲然而不清冷，寂寞而不沉沦的尊严。在此引第一部分和结尾：

那胡须飘然、目光高远的老者，是你吗？那高举酒杯、敢问青天今夕是何年的勇者，是你吗？那端坐船中，看清风徐来、水波不兴的闲适者，是你吗，苏东坡？我一直苦苦追寻你的脚步，却只看到青青的竹枝尚沾满了清晨的露水，你高远的眼神中荡开了泛着涟漪的清波。你希望有朝一日能够报效祖国，施展才华，而世俗的黑暗却让你堕入了万丈深渊。孤寂的夜里，你依旧难眠，陪伴你的唯有那转朱阁，低绮户，照无眠的明月。你有你的尊严，你不愿向昏庸的朝臣俯首，不愿向污浊的官场屈膝。因此，你的明月便注定了是孤寂。你把你的尊严印刻在傲然的眉宇间，长袖一拂，便酿成了不朽的诗作。

（结尾）一片片落叶在萧瑟的西风中飘然而下，昭示着秋天的降临。苏东坡、辛弃疾、李清照，他们都只不过是历史之林中一片片小小的树叶，然而一叶落而天下知秋，透过他们，我们看到的便是整个历史的诗魂――尊严，傲然而不清冷，寂寞而不沉沦。

以上我们从五个方面讲了事例在议论文中的活用，就是试图通过一种失和中学生的方法去加强议论文的情感与文采，也可能还有其他多种方式，在此抛砖引玉，求教于方家。

写人：

1．Our English Teacher

Our English teacher, Ms Huang, came to our school in 1970. She has been an English teacher for more than 30 years. She works hard and has been a model teacher for many years.

She is kind and friendly to us after class, but She is rather strict with us in class. She always encourages us to speak and read more English. She often says, "Practice makes perfect."

She is good at teaching and tries her best to make every lesson lively and interesting. She often gives us slide shows, teaches us English songs and helps us to put on short English plays.

She is not only our teacher but also our friend. We all respect and love her.

Tomorrow she is going to attend an important meeting, at which she will be given a medal for her advanced deeds.

2．My English Teacher

Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is a strongly built thirty-year-old man, who is often simply dressed. He has been teaching us English ever since he graduated from the English Department, Beijing Normal University in 1993. He devotes all his time and energy to teaching, often working late into the night preparing his lessons. He is capable of making his lessons lively and interesting, and all of us like his lessons. He is very strict with us but he shows us great concern. He offers us help whenever we need it. We all consider him not only as our good teacher but also as our close friend. We all respect and love him.

B．写物：

3． Our school

Our school is located at the centre of Beijing, It is one of the largest schools in the city with over 2,000 students and about 200 teachers. Our school subjects include politics, Chinese, English, maths, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology and so on. Most of us pay great attention to the study of English, Chinese and maths because they are very important subjects in the university entrance exam. We take special interest in English. We have spent much time on it, but we still find it difficult to learn the language well. In the afternoon when class is over, we enjoy staying at school for about one hour for some physical exercises before leaving for home.

4． My Home Village

My home village is a small one. Its in Yuxian county of Shanxi Province. Small as it is, its very beautiful.

There are many hills around my home village and they are more beautiful than some big mountains. In spring, we can fly kites which are made by ourselves on the top of the hills. The kites fly very high. In summer, the trees are green and the grass is green, too. It is green everywhere on the hills. There are so many wild apple trees on the hills. The wild applesare nice to eat. In autumn, the corns under and around the hills are ripe. So we eat them almost every day. In winter, when it snows, all the ground is covered with snow. We can play with snow and sometimes we eat the clean snow with sugar. In my hometown the sky is blue, the air is clean, the water is sweet and the people are very friendly. I love my hometown!

5．Changes in Our Life

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life. Take my family for example. My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past. But now we call long distance at home. And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information. But now we get the news by watching TV. Another big change is in my living conditions. When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture. But now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment. In short, our life has become comfortable and convenient.

C．日记：

6．A Good Deed

Oct. 19th TuesdayFine

One afternoon, on my way home, I saw an accident: a car hit an old man!

I shouted to the pedestrians for help, but no one stopped. When the car driver saw this, he quickly closed the window Of the car and drove away. "What shall I do? The old man needs help." I thought.

At that time, a truck stopped and out came the driver. "Whats wrong with the old man, boy? What could I do?" the driver asked me. "Uncle, please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly injured! "I said. "Well, dont worry. Let me take him to the hospital. the driver said.

A few minutes later, the driver took the old man to the hospital and I telephoned the police station. I told the whole story to the police and I also told them the number of the car. The police said to me, "Well done, boy! Leave it to us. He must be punished!" Then I went to the hospital to see the old man.

When I got home, it was 7:30. I think what I did was fight.

D．书信：

(1) 你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信。

1．建议他回国。

2．你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．行文应连贯，内容应完整；

3．开头语已为你写好。

Dear Jian Hua,

I m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.

To Jian Hua

Dear Jian Hua,

Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I ve been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad.For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look afteryour parents as they are getting old. Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for?

Best wishes;

Ming Hua

(2) 2005年春季

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

你叫李宏，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。(包括所具备的条件)。

2005春季范文

Dear sir,

I hear that our school will welcome some Canadian students to stay with us for or two weeks. Students who want to invite them to stay can take part in it. I want to try.

First , my parents and I can speak English well. That benefits us to communicate with each other. Second, our house is big enough for he or she to stay. Furthermore , I live near the Huangpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai.

Last but not least , in my home, he or she will enjoy much China culture. My grandpa and grandma are good athandwriting. My grandma also has a good skill in Chinese painting.

I think our friendly will give him a both interesting and comfortable experience.

Thank you for your reading during your busy work.. I hope that you will agree with me .

Yours sincerely,

Li Hong

(3) 假如你是王华，18岁生日后，真的有种长大成人的感觉。于是你想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈。信的开头如下：

Dear Mum and Dad,

How are you doing ?

范文

Dear Mum and Dad,

How are you doing ?

I?m writing to you about my gratitude for your having brought me up and my future plan.

Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old, which shows that I have grown up. Whenever I am thinking of this, I can?t help feeling grateful to you . It is you who first give me encouragement when I meet with difficulties, especially when I am not getting along well with my studies. Indeed, your inspiration seems to be a lamp, which offers me light of hope,courage and confidence. And more importantly, you are always teaching me to be good to others, and try to contribute to our society.

Dear Mum and Dad, I an now a senior three student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance examinations, So first of all, I ought to try my best to pass the exams. I am sure that through my great efforts I can and will be able to realize my beautiful dream of being a key university student. Then, I will strive to be an independent youth. The social situation I will be facing must be more competitive, so I will develop and prepare myself to be a youth with a strong sense of cooperation and competition. Believe in me, Mum and Dad, I will make a difference.

Best regards to you .

Yours sincerely, Wang Hua

(4)求职信

Dear Sir or Madam,

I have learned from an advertisement that your company is in need of a secretary. I would like you to consider me for the position.

My name is Li Min. I am twenty-three years old. I am studying business management in Xiamen University. I will graduate this summer. I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me do the office work very well. And I have learned English for ten years.In the past two years, I have been an editor for the English Paper of my department. My grades come out top in my department. Whats more, I like office work very much and I also think that I can be competent for the job.If I could have the opportunity to get the job I will be quite appreciative.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully

Li Min

E．说明文：

How People Spent Their Holidays

As can be seen from the table, great changes took place in the ways that people spent their holidays over the period from the year 1990 to 1999. The proportion of traveling abroad and camping was increasing steadily, from 12% to 24% and from 10% to 36% separately, while that of staying at home and going to the seaside was decreasing year by year, from 38% to 31% and from 40% to 9% separately. Why were there changes? I think people can nowadays afford traveling.Also, people prefer to pursue a high-quality and colorful life. So we can see that people＇s living standard has been rising greatly.

F．议论文

(1) 最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

60％的同学认为:

1．不应该收门票

2 公园是公众休闲的地方

3. 如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象

40％的同学认为: 1．应收门票，但票价不要太高

2．支付园林工人工资 3．购新花木

注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。

2．词数：100左右。 3．参考词汇：门票---entrance fee

Dear editor,

I?m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people?s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

Dear editor,

I?m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Sixty percent of my schoolmates are for the idea that an entrance fee should not be forced on the public. They believe parks are the place where the public enjoy themselves at their leisure. They think that a gate and wails are to be built if an entrance fee is to be charged. The city will not look so beautiful as it should

导语：小编提醒大家，要想把作文写好，要想在考研写作中得高分，平时一定得多阅读优秀的范文，特别是一些漂亮精彩的句型。同时也有必要掌握一些写作模式和技巧，不断地模仿练习，最后才能真正打造出高分作文。

一、命题依据

考研话题牵涉面广，包罗万象，变幻莫测。但从历年考研真题研究中可以发现写作基本上可粗略地划分为两大类话题：永恒话题(everlastingtopic)和热点话题(hotissue)。所谓永恒话题，是指那些不以时间和空间的转移为转移的话题。这类话题一般都是一些宏观的大话题，没有明显的时代印痕。如有关社会道德范畴的话题。另一大类是热点话题，即近几年或某一年特殊的社会现象， 媒体普遍报道过或公众普遍谈论的话题。如AdvertisementonTV(93)，温室的花朵经不起风雨(2003)等，所以，平时在生活和学习中留意类似话题的英文素材预以备战不妨是个好的办法。

二、写作技巧

1.精心构造全文的引言段

考研作文阅卷老师每天工作量很大，工作时间也较长，因此长时间批改水平参差不齐、质量高下不一的作文难免感到疲劳，厌倦，甚至气恼。据测试统计，一口气读完12 篇后才走神的人极少，定力惊人。因此，在考研写作三段制中，第一段最能吸引他们的目光和注意力，因为考研作文采用的是总体评分法(GlobalScoring)，作文评卷老师往往主要凭借第一段的总体印象打分。有人把文章的第一段说成是黄金段落，说老师就是在这一段中不断地“淘金”。这一说法是很有道理的，因此，作文要想得高分，一定要精心构造全文的第一段，最大限度地满足阅卷老师的期待心理，力争给他留下良好的第一印象。经验告诉我们，阅卷老师在看完文章的第一段后就已基本上给文章定了分数档次，即使在第二，第三段中发现文章中的其他一些美中不足之处，他也只是微调几分，总体分数还是比先定的档次低的文章要好得多。总之，引言段在全文三段中的重要性再怎么强调也不过分。如果要按重要性依次递减的顺序来排的话，那么应是引言在先，其次是结尾段，再次是拓展段。

2.制造语言的闪光点

“言之无文，行而不远”，同理语言干瘪平淡，让人看之面目可憎，读后味如嚼蜡。要想攫住阅卷老师匆匆的一瞥，留住他们的兴奋点，就非得在语言上猛下功夫，多制造些表达上的闪光点。语言是思维的外壳，语言的好坏直接影响到实际作文分数的高低。语言表达的亮点体现在小到一个词，短语大到一个句子中。高分作文往往是“锱铢必较”，几乎字字计较。很多人作文分数很低往往是因为用词面太窄。当然，词汇的积累是有个过程的。可惜的是，很多同学只能认词，却不能再现，更不用说写作时运用了。

3.避免中国式英语

母语为非英语的人学习英语时往往会将母语的思维和表达方式直接迁移到英语表达当中。中国人学英语时往往会受母语根深蒂固的影响，最易造出中国腔的英语。有人把“价格便宜”直接写成“The price is cheap”，把“这件事小菜一碟”说成“This is a small dish”，让人看后苦笑不得。因此要尽量摆脱中国试英语，方法看来只有一条：多看外国人写的文章，多多阅读。不难想象，阅卷老师如果在短短的二百字文章中到处看到Chinglish，他无法使自己对你文章的印象好起来。

4.尽量有路标词

路标词(signalword)又称衔接词(connectives)就像灯塔为在茫茫大海中航行的船只指引方向一样，它能突出文章的层次性和逻辑性。英语文章讲究启承转合。“启”就是开启观点：“承”就是接着话茬进一步发展论证或补充：“转”就是讲相反或对立的观点：“合”就是总结概括。一篇文章若没有路标词便会杂乱无章的乱堆在一起，给人凌乱没有条理的感觉。标志词或衔接词的作用绝对不可小觑。

此外，多种句型的交替使用，文章脉络层次的分明，论据的合理充分等在写作中都应引起足够的重视。

一.开头用语：

良好的开端等于成功的一半.在写作文时，通常以最简单也最常用的方式---开门见山法。也就是说, 直截了当地提出你对这个问题的看法或要求，点出文章的中心思想。

1.议论论文：

A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.

B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.

C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,...

D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.

E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.

F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.

2. 书信：

A. I am writing to you to apply for admission to your university as a visiting scholar.

B. I read an advertisement in today’s China Daily and I apply for the job...

C. Thank you for your letter of May 5.D. How happy I am to receive your letter of January 9.

E. How nice to hear from you again.

3. 口头通知或介绍情况：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please. I have an announcement to make.

B. Attention, please. I have something important to tell you.

C. Mr. Green, Welcome to our school. To begin with, let me introduce Mr. Wang to you.

4. 演讲稿：

A. Ladies and gentlemen, I feel very much honored to have a chance here to make a speech on the subject -- A Balance Diet and Health.

B. Good morning everyone! Allow me, first of all, on behalf of all present here, to extend our warm welcome and cordial greeting to our distinguished guest.

二.并列用语：

as well as, not only…but (also), including,

A. Not only do computers play an important part in science and technology, but also play an informative role in our daily life.

B. All of us, including the teachers / the teachers included, will attend the lecture.

C. He speaks French as well as English.=He speaks English, and French as well.=He speaks not only English but also French.

D. E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

三.对比用语：

on one hand ,on the other hand, on the contrary/contrary to ..., though, for one thing ;for another, nevertheless

A. I know the Internet can only be used at home or in the office, but on the other hand, it is becoming more and more popular for much information as well as clear and vivid pictures.

B. It is hard work; I enjoy it though.

C. Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun.

四. 递进用语：

even, besides, what’s more, as for, so…that…, worse still, moreover, furthermore; but for, in addition, to make matters worse

A. The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.

五. 例证用语：

in one’s opinion, that is to say, for example, for instance, as a matter of fact, in fact, namely

A. As a matter of fact, advertisement plays an informative role in our daily life.

B. There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is ( to say ), the question of education.

六. 时序用语：

first/firstly, meanwhile, before long, ever since, while, at the same time

in the meantime, shortly after, nowadays,

A. They will be here soon. Meanwhile, let’s have coffee.

B. Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty.

七. 强调用语：

especially, indeed, at least, at the most, What in the world/on earth.. , not at all ,

A. Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.

B What in the world/on earth are you doing?

八. 因果用语：

thanks to, because, as a result, because of/as a result of , without, with the help of..., owe ...to...

A. The company has a successful year, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

B. As a result, many of us succeeded in passing the College Entrance Examinations.

九. 总结用语：

in short; briefly/ in brief ; generally speaking, in a word, as you know, as is known to all

A. Generally speaking, sending an e-mail is more convenient than sending letters.

B. In short, measures must be taken to prevent the environment being polluted.

常用句型

(一)段首句

1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……

There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that ……

2. 俗话说(常言道)……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。

There is an old saying……Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.

3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……;其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。

Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……Second,……What makes things worse is that…….

4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外(而且)……。

Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because …… Besides，……

5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages

and disadvantages.

6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为(说)……，在他们看来，……

People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,……

7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。

Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.

8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

……has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.

9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。

……has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢?

According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?

(二)中间段落句

1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……t the same time，they say……

2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。

But I dont think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….

3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……

……is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First，……Whats more, ……Most important of all,……

4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。

There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……

5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，

Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….

For one thing，For another，

6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….

7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……

Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……

9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.

10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：

I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….

(三)结尾句

1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为……

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……

2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.

3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如，……，而……。然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于(喜欢)……

But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example, …… while……

Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……

4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为……

Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because……

5. 随着社会的发展，……。因此，迫切需要……。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自己的一份力量，这个社会将要变得越来越好。

With the development of society, ……So its urgent and necessary to ……If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.

6. 至于我(对我来说，就我而言)，我认为……更合理。只有这样，我们才能……

For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……

7. 对我来说，我认为有必要……。原因如下：第一，……; 第二，……;最后……但同样重要的是……

In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First ……second …… Last but not least,……

8. 在总体上很难说……是好还是坏，因为它在很大程度上取决于……的形势。然而，就我个人而言，我发现……。

It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view find……

9. 综上所述，我们可以清楚地得出结论……

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……

10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了这种趋势，就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我们应该做的是……

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is

常用句型：

开头：

When it comes to ..., some think ...

There is a public debate today that ...

A is a commen way of ..., but is it a wise one?

Recentaly the problem has been brought into focus.

提出观点：

Now there is a growing awareness that...

It is time we explore the truth of ...

Nowhere in history has the issue been more visible.

进一步提出观点：

... but that is only part of the history.

Another equally important aspect is ...

A is but one of the many effects. Another is ... Besides, other reasons are...

提出假想例子的方式：

Suppose that...

Just imagine what would be like if...

It is reasonable to expect...

It is not surprising that...

举普通例子：

For example(instance),...

... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

A good case in point is...

A particular example for this is...

引用：

One of the greatest early writers said ...

"Knowledge is power", such is the remard of ...

"......". That is how sb comment ( criticize/ praise...).

"......". How often we hear such words like there.

讲故事

(先说故事主体)，this story is not rare.

..., such delimma we often meet in daily life.

..., the story still has a realistic significance.

提出原因：

There are many reasons for ...

Why .... , for one thing,...

The answer to this problem involves many factors.

Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involves ...

The first reason can be obiviously seen.

Most people would agree that...

Some people may neglect that in fact ...

Others suggest that...

Part of the explanation is ...

进行对比：

The advantages for A for outweigh the disadvantages of...

Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

Indeed , A carries much weight than B when sth is concerned.

A maybe ... , but it suffers from the disadvantage that...

承上启下：

To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

A study of ... will make this point clear

让步：

Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

I do not deny that A has its own merits.

结尾：

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw

the conclusion that ...

In summary, it is wiser ...

In short...

导语：命题作文，一般是指出题者给出一个既定的题目，要求应试者根据这个给定题目进行写作。以下是小编为大家精心整理的高考命题作文的写作方法，欢迎大家参考！

(一)命题作文的出题形式

通常情况下，命题作文所给出的既定题目，可以是一个完整的题目，也可以是一个不够完整、缺少部分词语的题目，因此，我们可以把命题作文分为全命题与半命题两大类。

1、全命题。

是指出题者给出一个完整的题目，让应试者按照题目要求写作。这种命题是一种传统的作文考查方式。如《比金钱更宝贵的》、《学然后知不足》等。这类命题作文在写作时，关键之处在于如何审题，抓住题眼。一般说来，只要理解了题目的涵义及出题者的意图就比较容易写作，就议论文而言，全命题作文的立意一般都会在题目中有所提示（或暗示），有的题目实际就是直接点明了主题，如《开卷有益》，这样，作文选材的范围也就相对比较明确，不会无从下笔。

2、半命题。

是指出题者给出一个不够完整的题目，应试者自己必须先补全题目才能写作。这种半命题作文，是一种比较灵活的考查方式，应试者有较大的自由。应试者在考场上可以根据自己占有材料的情况确定选材的范围，根据自己的思考所得确立主题，以保证选取自己比较熟悉的内容来写。如《难忘》、《在我心中》、《论文凭与》等。这类命题在写作时，首先必须补全题目，然后才能根据所补题目文字的涵义进行审题、立意，关键之处在于如何补全题目。由于这种命题给了应试者选材、立意方面很大的自由性，因而应试者应该尽量利用这一自由，选取自我最熟悉、最有话可说的内容来补题，这样，作文的立意与选材就会相对比较容易了。

(二)命题作文的写作过程

应试作文是一种在特殊情境下进行的写作活动，这决定了它不同于通常意义上的写作，因此，应试作文的具体写作过程也与一般的自由写作有所不同。应试作文中的命题作文的具体写作过程，主要包括审题、立意、选材、布局、行文、修改等环节；而对于半命题作文还必须有一个“补题”的环节，半命题作文在审题之前必须先补全题目。

1、审题。

所谓“审题”，就是对所给题目中文字所蕴涵的有效写作信息进行分析研究，从而把握出题者的出题动机，抓住作文的中心问题。审题的关键是寻找“题眼”，也即寻找题目中的关键词语。如《比金钱更宝贵的》一文的写作，在审题时，应试者应该首先寻找题目文字中的关键词语“宝贵”，抓住了这一题眼，然后就可以选择作文写作的范畴了。你认为比金钱更宝贵的究竟是什么呢？是生命，还是友情？是人格，还是享受？一旦你选定了其中一方面，接下来的立意、选材就会非常轻松了。

2、立意。

“意”，即文意、主题，是写作主体在文章写作中通过各种具体材料所表达出来的中心意思，就议论文而言就是文章的中心论点。主题是文章的灵魂，主题决定着文章写作的构思、行文及修改活动，文章材料的选择、结构的安排、表达方式的选用及语言的遣用等，都必须围绕主题的表现进行，都要服从、服务于主题表现的需要。

文章的主题决定着文章价值的高低，因此，一篇优秀文章的主题应该尽量做到明确、正确、深刻、新颖，这是文章主题的四个基本要求。

所谓明确，就是要求文章的主题应该清楚明白，使读者通过阅读能够准确地理解并把握，不至于产生歧义，甚至不知所云。普通写作者在一篇文章之中常常什么都想说，写出的东西却什么也没说清楚，含糊不清。清人刘熙载认为：“凡作一篇文，其用意俱可以一言蔽之。”说的就是这个道理。明确，是与集中分不开的。主题集中才能保证其明确。

所谓正确，就是要正确地反映客观事物的本质及其发展规律。主题是写作者对客观事物的主观看法，这种看法只有是符合事物发展规律的认识才是正确的，不能是对事物本质及其规律的错认或歪曲。主题正确，还要求写作者必须站在代表先进生产力的阶级的立场上，以正确的人生观、世界观、价值观看待事物，保持先进的认识和高尚的思想情怀。

所谓深刻，就是指文章的主题要有一定的思想深度，不能仅仅停留在一般意义的正确上，而应该进一步开掘，力争深入地反映事物的本质及其内在规律，让读者从中得到启迪，受到教益，从而深化对事物的了解和认识，给读者留下永难忘记的印象。深刻的主题不是靠作者空洞的说教或人为的拔高实现的，而是通过具体材料揭示出来的，主题的深刻性应该寓于真实、典型的材料之中。鲁迅作品中深刻的反对封建礼教的主题正是这样体现的。

所谓新颖，就是文章的观点见解要有新意，要“见人所未见，发人所未发”，而不是人人皆知的道理。新颖，并不是标新立异，只要善于抓住客观事物的特征、避免一般化，善于发现新问题、提出新问题并能联系实际进行分析，就能写出主题新颖的文章来。新颖的主题，一是可以通过选择新鲜的现实材料来实现。现实生活中新近发生的事件，本身就是“人所未见”的，很容易“发人所未发”。选择现实生活中发生的新鲜感人的材料，不仅可以发掘新颖的主题，还可以加强文章的时代感。二是可以通过变换立意的角度来实现。对于为人熟知的材料，变换一个角度去思考问题、分析问题，会有新的发现，会得到新的启示。

立意，就是确立主题。就议论文的写作而言，文章的主题（中心论点）一般都会在作文题目中有所提示，如《谁说“班门”不能“弄斧”》，这类文章在写作时，立意这一环节一般不需要再多做思考；但并非所有的题目都是如此，如《论文凭与学识》、《学与思》等。关于《论文凭与学识》，一般的应试者在立意时容易简单化，把论点确立为“学识比文凭重要”这一层面，这实际是审题不严的结果；比较好的立意应该是学识与文凭双重：有文凭没有学识不行，在当前有学识没有文凭也不行。这样的立意在写作时，关键是如何论证后者，如能结合当前职场招聘的现实加以具体阐释，文章会达到一定的深度。

一般意义上的文章写作，在立意时应该尽量遵循以下原则：

A符合材料事实。一篇文章的主题是通过具体材料提炼出来的，而不是写作者随意臆想的，它首先要求符合材料本身的事实，应该是具体材料的本质的真实体现。这样确立的主题也才是可信的，文章也才能具有真实感人的力量。

B反映事物本质。符合事实的主题不一定能够反映事物的本质，一个正确的立意，应该既真实又能揭示事件的本质。普通写作者易于对生活中的事实现象的表象所左右，而不能透过现象反映其本质，因而在写作时常常做出客观的描述，然而往往是简单的罗列，流于表象，不能挖掘到事物本质的真实，这样的立意是不好的。

C体现时代精神。文章的内容是随着时代的变化而变化的，文章的立意也应该体现出鲜明的时代特征。时代性是文章主题的一个重要特性。白居易曾说：“文章合为时而着，歌诗合为事而作。”文章的立意就应该紧扣时代脉搏，把握时代的律动，力争写出具有强烈时代气息、反映时代生活本质的优秀之作。《红楼梦》、《祝福》等作的立意无不如此。在公务员考试的应试作文中，更有必要紧密联系实际，着眼于社会现实，加强文章的时代性。

3、选材。

“材”，即材料，是写作主体从生活和学习中积聚到的供写作之用的一系列事实现象、理论依据和主观感受方面的信息。在议论文中，就是指用来证明论点的各种论据。

在文章写作中，一方面，材料是形成观点、提炼主题的基础。任何文章写作都有一定的主题，主题无论大小，都是在具体材料的基础上形成的，是对一定的客观材料进行提炼的结果；另一方面，材料又是说明观点、表现主题的支柱。一定的主题必须通过一定的材料加以表现和支持。有了充足翔实而又典型的材料，才能使文章血肉丰满，表现力强；反之，文章就会空洞无物，缺乏感染力。

材料是文章的血肉，一篇文章的内容充实与否，就是文章写作选材成败的具体显现。因此，在文章写作过程中，选材就显得尤为重要。那么究竟该如何选择材料呢？

其次，选材必须遵循一定的原则与要求。文章写作中，选材的总原则是要围绕主题选材。这也是选材的最基本要求，文章如何写作都必须遵循这一原则。从这种意义上说，议论文写作中的选择材料实际上就是为了证明论点选择论据，只有论据确凿、充分，才能很好地证明论点。而要做到这样，选材还必须符合以下几方面的要求：

（1）真实。所谓真实，即要求所选取的材料（论据）要确实可信，而不能有半分虚假。这是选材的最基本要求。一般文章要求的材料真实，也就是要选取生活中发生、存在的实实在在的事件、现象或确凿可信的理论依据。前者应该和客观事物的本来面貌、实际情况相符，后者应该是科学、合理，经得起推敲和论证的。议论文的写作，更应该注意所选事实论据或理论论据的真实可信程度，只有这样才能以无可辩驳的力量说服人。

(2)典型。所谓典型，即要求所选的材料（论据）具有代表性，而不是单纯的个别事例。典型材料是既有共性又有鲜明个性的事例或理论，能够深刻地揭示事物的本质及其发展规律，有力地表现主题。只有这样的材料，才能以一当十，具有很强的说服力。

(3)新颖。所谓新颖，就是新鲜别致，即要求所选材料应尽量新鲜或角度独特，能够使读者耳目一新，获得全新的体验与感受，而不要人云亦云，拾人牙慧。应试者在写作议论文时，应该尽量从自我的观察与阅读中选择那些人所未云的论据。要发现新鲜的材料，首先必须时时关注现实生活中发生的新生事物，其次是寻找别人没有用过或不常使用的材料，再次还可以变换选择的角度使旧材料出新貌。

【示例一】

① Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these though-provoking drawings. ②On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten that (主题). ③On the other hand, we should be sensible enough to ________(观点/态度). ④Only by ________(段落总结句), and only in this way can we have a brilliant future.

【示例二】

①The effects of which has produced on can be boiled down to two major ones. ②First, ________(影响一). ③More importantly, ________(影响二). ④Hence, I believe that we will see a ________(提出展望)./ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a ________(或反面展望).

纵览全国历年优秀作文，不难发现，语言的出彩和深刻的文化思考就是大多数文章成功的主要原因。如何才能在作文中做到这两点呢?其中一个有效的方法就是巧妙地使用诗词，用诗词打扮自己作文的语言，用诗词为文章增加文化的厚度。

在作文中用好诗词的途径很多，或是利用诗词巧拟标题，或是妙用为题记，或是化用诗词故事、结构构思自己的作文。在这里我们重点来讲讲如何在文章语段中使用诗词增添文采。

一是直接引用诗词。

一般可以围绕话题，发散思维，搜寻相关的诗词，排比成文。比如下面关于“生命”主题的一段文字，就是引用了四位诗人的诗句对“生命”作了解释：

生命就是龚自珍“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”的献身精神;生命就是文天祥“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的浩然正气;生命就是苏东坡“一蓑风雨任平生”的超脱与豁达;生命就是杜甫“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”的无奈与感伤。

直接引用诗词让我们亲切地感受到了这四位诗人的形象，而排比成文更显示了作者对语言的把握能力，使文章的文采“跃然纸上”。再比如作文《望月》中的一个片段：

“惟江上之清风，与山间之明月，耳得之而为声，目遇之而成色，取之不尽，用之不竭，是造物者之无尽藏也，而吾与子之所共适也。”月是我们应该珍惜的人人共享的天赐之福。“花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。举杯邀明月，对影成三人。”月是我们招之即来，尽可倾诉的知己。“床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。”月是游子思乡念亲的一杯苦茶。“人生代代无穷己，江月年年望相似。不知江月待何人，但见长江送流水。”月又是我们参透历史，顿悟人生的一剂良药。

对诗句的引用和评价淋漓尽致地将作者对诗词的分析鉴赏和感悟能力展现在了我们面前，让那轮万古的明月高悬在我们的上空，使我们遥想百年、千年之前古人的梦想，使文章有了深刻的文化思考。

一是化用诗词。

所谓化用，就是截取诗词的某一部分直接变成我们作文语言或者是用自己的语言去演绎诗词的意境。比如下面这些语段：

乐观就是那直上青天里的一行白鹭;乐观就是那沉舟侧畔的万点白帆;乐观就是那鹦鹉洲头随风拂动的萋萋芳草;乐观就是那化作春泥更护花的点点落红。——话题“乐观”片段

在众人皆醉的麻木空气中，你选择了清醒;在众人皆浊的恶浊世道上，你选择了清白。褪去了华服，你选择了荷叶制的衣裳;逐出了京城，你选择了汨罗江的波涛。——《面对选择》片段

出自内心真诚的心灵选择，才能勾画鹦鹉洲上的萋萋芳草，才能点化二十四桥的清风明月，才能渲染香炉峰间的日照紫烟。——《美丽一次》片段

是的，摒除了浮华，去掉了雕饰，我们就像一枝出自清水的芙蓉，透着迷人的清香。——《简单》片段

天空中一丝云儿飘过，淡淡的、自由自在，你觉得真好，这就是语文;初升的朝阳光芒万丈，你觉得生机勃发，这就是语文;如血的残阳映红半边天，让人无限留恋，别忘了这也是语文。语文是那巍巍昆仑，是那草叶上久久不肯滴落的露珠，是古城旧都中国色天香的牡丹;语文是那无声的冷月，是那静谧的荷塘，是秦皇岛外滔天白浪里的打渔船，是那青天里的一行白鹭，是那沉舟侧畔的万点白帆，是那山重水复后的柳暗花明。——《冷香飞上语文》

这些文字没有直接引用杜甫、刘禹锡、龚自珍等的诗句，而是将他们诗句中的意象搬用过来作为自己作文语言中的一个成分或是作者用自己的语言对诗句的意境进行大胆的描写。这样的语段让我们联想起诗句的意境，带领我们进入似曾相似的诗歌意境，但是又能感受到作文创作者的心声。同样它也能增加文章的文采。

当然写作这样的语段，最重要的是作者对诗词的分析、感悟和概括能力。如果不明白诗的意境，随便套用，那便是“画虎不成反类犬”了。

下面是语文迷小编为大家整理提供的英语写作技巧以及关联词，供大家阅读参考。

英语写作技巧之一：用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis, she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning.

原句：When you come to the second traffic light, turn right.

修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

英语写作技巧之二：删除诸如"who is”或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语，例：

句：The novel, which is written in three parts, told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

英语写作技巧之三：剔除你不需要的单词，例：

Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call.

写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词"joint"和"telephone"，注意删去不必要的词。

关联词的积累

1.提出观点不要只用I think，要学会用：

As far as I am concerned

In my opinion

From my point of view

From my perspective

The way I see it

2.转折不要只用but， 要多用：

However,

nevertheless, nonetheless,

Whereas

Some people like fat meat, whereas other people hate it.

转折也可用比喻：as a coin has two sides(就象硬币有两面一样), …(陈述转折内容)

3.表递进的：

In addition, in addition to, additionally,

what is more, moreover, furthermore,

more importantly，

what is worse (更槽糕的是)

4.表示“事实上”：

In fact,

as a matter of fact,

actually

5.表总结：

in conclusion, as a result,

all in all 总而言之

In short,

In a word, 一句话讲

Taking into consideration,

Taking into account all the factors that I have mentioned above, it is safe to draw a conclusion that …

6.表示因此：

Consequently,

Hence,

Therefore,

Thus,

as a result,

resultingly

7.表因为：

because of

due to,

owing to,

thanks to,

as a result of,

8.虽然

Although, even though, even if, though

Proud as these nobles are, …

As flattered as I am, I would say no.

In spite of, despite

I love you in spite of that.

9.比较：

In comparison with,

compared to,

compared with

She’s nothing compared to you.

10.表最后：

Finally,

eventually,

in the end,

at last,

ultimately,

11.表示程度的副词词组亦非常重要，会使文章看起来比较成熟、辨证：

To some extent 在某种程度上讲

To some degree 在某种程度上讲

To a large part 在很大程度上说

In a sense 在某种意义上讲

In general, generally 大体上说

Generally speaking 一般地讲

In some cases 在有些情况下

Basically 基本上

Broadly speaking 宽泛地讲

12.其他(要尽可能多用在文章中。始终牢记内容次要，而语言形式第一位。内容服务于形式)：

Not only, but also

Neither nor, either or

Instead of, instead

For example, for instance (替换使用), take … for example

Be likely to

Be able to

Speaking of, when it comes to …

When it comes to food, he is really picky.

In terms of 根据

First of all, second of all

Above all,

Significantly,

The more, the more

1、开头部分

How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.

2、结尾部分

With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.

小升初英语写作技巧之一：用介词短语替代从句，例：

原句：While they were playing tennis， she started an argument that lasted all morning.

修改后：During tennis she started an argument that lasted all morning. 原句：When you come to the second traffic light， turn right. 修改后：At the second traffic light turn left.

小升初英语写作技巧之二：删除诸如"who is"或"that is"之类的关系代词，变从句为短语，例：

句：The novel， which is written in three parts， told a story that took place in the Middle Ages.

修改后：The three-part novel told a story set in the Middle Ages.

注：把句中的"three parts"改用形容词来表达，节省了四个不必要的单词"which is written in"。我们经常可以将关系代词如"that"去掉，这只会引起最少的变动。

小升初英语写作技巧之三：剔除你不需要的单词，例：

Two joint partners will present their views over a long-distance telephone call. 写完这样的句子后，你自己再读一遍，挑出单词"joint"和"telephone"，注意删去不必要的词。

2016高考语文作文复习已经开始，高考作文占高考语文的半壁江山，一直是同学们关注的重点，语文迷高考网小编收集了一些2016年高考作文写作素材，供同学们参考。

2016年高考作文写作素材整合

序号

高考作文写作素材整合

查看详情

1

2016年高考写作素材积累：讲究生活情趣有多重要

>>点击查看

2

2016年高考写作素材积累：成与败

>>点击查看

3

2016年高考写作素材：张小娴经典语录

>>点击查看

4

2016年高考写作素材积累：斯蒂芬·霍金

>>点击查看

5

2016年高考作文指导：材料作文“过客与做客”

>>点击查看

6

2016年高考写作素材积累：活着的境界

>>点击查看

7

2016年高考写作素材积累：成功是一种心态

>>点击查看

8

2016年高考写作素材：奋斗书写无悔青春

>>点击查看

9

2016年高考写作素材致青春致年华

>>点击查看

10

2016年高考写作素材：若冬去你可归兮

>>点击查看

11

2016年高考写作素材：时间告诉我三个“最”

>>点击查看

12

2016年高考作文素材积累：励志

>>点击查看

13

2016高考写作素材积累：懂得，是一种幸福

>>点击查看

14

2016高考写作素材：感悟孤独

>>点击查看

15

2016高考写作素材积累：承受是一种精神

>>点击查看

16

2016年高考写作素材积累：2016正能量

>>点击查看

17

2016年高考写作素材积累：高中生美文美句

>>点击查看

18

2016年高考写作素材积累：青春美句摘选

>>点击查看

19

2016年高考写作素材积累：励志美文

>>点击查看

20

2016年高考写作素材积累：幸福的声音

>>点击查看

21

2016年高考写作素材积累：哲思断语

>>点击查看

22

2016年高考写作素材积累：人生就像一次旅行

>>点击查看

23

2016高考写作素材积累：古韵美文

>>点击查看

24

2016年高考写作素材积累：时光

>>点击查看

25

2016高考写作素材:希望就在坚持之后

>>点击查看

26

2016年高考写作素材积累：蹉跎岁月

>>点击查看

27

2016年高考作文指导：热点素材

>>点击查看

28

2016高考写作素材积累：沉醉其中，多么美好！

>>点击查看