新年计划英语作文60词初二（实用20篇）

Do your teachers still use traditional techniques to teach you nowadays? A revol- ution in teaching techniques is required now. In the past, we just took it for granted that a teacher s aim was to teach the students all that he knew and solve all the problems for them. Therefore, students could mot judge things on their own under this circumstance. Thus students gradually lost the ability to learn by themselves. In addition, they were only equipped with the knowledge that were taught in class and made the same judgement upon every problem which might crop up. Of course, they would find their knowledge not enough to solve practical problems.

So it is time to change the teaching method. A teacher s goal is to help the students develop not only the ability to learn by themselves but the skills to make judgements on every aspect on their own. It s not necessary for the students to turn to teachers for help while meeting with difficulties. The first thing is to develop the students abilities to make sound judgements upon any problem and overcome difficulties.

All in all, the aim of teaching is to liberate, but mot to fetter the students innate powers of making sound judgements.

你们的老师仍使用传统技术，现在教你?阿revol在教学技巧ution现在需要。在过去，我们只是把它理所当然地认为一老师的目的是要教导学生，他知道，解决他们的所有问题。因此，学生可以摩托罗拉自行判断在此情况下的东西。因此，学生们逐渐失去了学习能力本身。此外，他们只配备了那些在课堂上教授时所作的每一个问题，可能会突然出现相同的判断的知识。当然，他们会发现自己的知识不足以解决实际问题。

因此，现在是改变教学方法。甲老师的目标是帮助学生发展，不仅学习的能力，但自己的技能，就在自己的每一个方面的判断。那不为学生需要寻求帮助教师在会见困难。首先是培养学生的能力作出的任何问题，正确的判断和克服困难。

总之，教学是解放的目标，但摩托罗拉束缚作出正确的判断学生的固有权力。

When the orientation of the bell, the whole world is boiling, people Shouting: "in the New Year New Year arrived." Continuous firecrackers resounded through the whole of the sky, boundless fireworks exploded flower, like a meteor shower began to fall. Dark night suddenly become colorful, is permeated with thick beaming.

Flow, the crowd in the street like a sea of pentium, moving forward. Everyones a sweet smile on her face, the little children with hands tightly grabbed a wide variety of helium balloons, chasing behind their parents. Ubiquitous lanterns, matches the eye red, like a small sun, radiation. The ground filled with flowers and blooming, red red, yellow, yellow, white, white, purple, purple is mind-boggling. The peach blossom, traditional auspicious cuckoo, represents the elegant tulips, symbol of health chrysanthemum. Trying to outshine each other. To faint scent in the wind, is invigorating, eliminate the fatigue problems as well. All kinds of flowers, auspicious name, bright color, pure and fresh fragrance, let us so love. Lily together gently up to, and how small it is lovely, tender and white petals, like the babys face, it feels soft and slippery. The leaf is also very nice lily, green, they picked out with white. It filled up with orange trees, attracted many peoples attention, every little oranges, against the night sky, seemed so bright. Cheerful with carefully selected orange tree home, prosperous, who do not love? !

Look at that, zhongshan road, a chrysanthemum cut into the fish alive, wide mouth looked up at the sky, as if in the day. On both sides of the fin, waving gently in the wind, like is going to move. Looked at the lifelike fish, can not help but think of it: the moral of every year. Its there, really adds a lot of Chinese New Year atmosphere!

On the way home, everywhere is decorated, with the Spring Festival couplets on both sides of the door of every household, always let I cant help but want to read. The door is put on the orange trees and flowers, just stay quietly, but still let a person feel beaming. Reference great poet wang anshis poems "find Tong Tong, always put the new peach in old operator" to represent the scene again.

The end of last year, means the beginning of a new, gently shut down 2015 of the world, is opening 2016 slowly. The New Year, carrying our dream too much, let us fly wings, freedom of flying, I am looking forward to the sunrise that a brand new day!

当迎新的钟声敲响时，整个世界都沸腾了，人们高喊着：“新年到了，新年到了。”连续不断的爆竹声响彻了整个天空，漫天的焰火炸开了花，就像下起了流星雨一样。昏暗的夜晚顿时变得五光十色，洋溢着浓浓的喜气。

街上的人群川流不息，像一片奔腾的大海，涌动着。每个人的脸上都露出了甜蜜的笑容，小孩子们用小手紧紧地拽住各式各样的氢气球，追赶在父母的身后。随处可见的灯笼，红的直逼眼球，就像一个个小太阳，放射着光芒。地上堆满的花朵，尽情的绽放，红的红，黄的黄，白的白，紫的紫，令人眼花缭乱。传统的桃花，寓意吉祥的杜鹃，代表高雅的郁金香，象征健康的菊花。争奇斗艳。随风飘来的淡淡清香，令人心旷神怡，消除了疲劳也带走了烦恼。各种各样的花，吉祥的名字，鲜艳的颜色，清新的香味，让我们如此喜爱。轻轻地凑上去，百合花是多么的小巧可爱，嫩白的花瓣就像小宝宝的脸一样，摸起来嫩嫩的、滑滑的。百合的叶子也特别好看，绿油油的，衬托着那朵朵洁白。那摆满的桔子树，吸引了众多人的眼球，每一个小桔子，在夜空的映衬下，都显得那么明亮。兴高采烈的端着精心挑选的桔子树回家，大吉大利，有谁不爱?!

看那，兴中道上，一条用菊花切成的鱼儿活灵活现，张大的嘴巴仰望着天空，仿佛在对天长啸。两旁的鱼鳍，在风中轻轻舞动，就像快要游动起来了一样。望着那惟妙惟肖的鱼儿，不禁会想到它的寓意：年年有余。它的存在，还真增添了不少过年的气氛啊!

回家的路上，到处是张灯结彩，家家户户的门两侧都贴上了春联，总让我忍不住想要去读出。门口摆放上的桔子树和花，只是静静的待着，但还是让人感觉喜气洋洋的。引用大诗人王安石的一句诗“千门万户曈曈日，总把新桃换旧符”来表现这一场景再合适不过了。

旧年的结束，意味着崭新的开始，轻轻的关闭2015的世界，慢慢地敞开2016的大门。新的一年，承载着我们太多的梦想，让我们放飞翅膀，自由的翱翔，我期待着日出那崭新的一天!

Waking up on New Year, everybody dresses up. First they extend greetings to

their parents. Then each child will get money as a New Year gift, wrapped up in

red paper. People in northern China will eat jiaozi, or dumplings, for

breakfast, as they think "jiaozi" in sound means "bidding farewell to the old

and ushering in the new". Also, the shape of the dumpling is like gold ingot

from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure.

Southern Chinese eat niangao (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour)

on this occasion, because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher, one

year after another." The first five days after the Spring Festival are a good

time for relatives, friends, and classmates as well as colleagues to exchange

greetings, gifts and chat leisurely.

China has 56 ethnic groups. Minorities celebrate their Spring Festival

almost the same day as the Han people, and they have different customs.

I like the new year, people in the Spring Festival, the spring festival couplet, watch the Spring Festival Gala, set off firecrackers, fireworks, eating hot pot … … new year is really lively!

To thirty in the big year, after eating the rich years night meal, it is time to see the Spring Festival evening. The Spring Festival Gala began, and the family gathered in front of the TV punctually, concentrating on their faces, hum and mouth dancing from time to time. The evening shows are colorful, with cross talk, sketches, singing, dancing and magic … … every program wins everyones compliments, cheers and laughter. At the end of the party, the host shouted: “ ten, nine, eight … … two, a ” the new year began.

New years first day, often to go out to play. Our family came to the busiest place in Putian, — — the pedestrian street, the “ the ground Avenue ” Then he went to Putian, one of the famous places of interest “ Lantau Peak Park ” the time tunnel, the ice carving, the enjoyment of the food … … have fun.

The first two often do not go out, so only “ nest ” at home, do homework, watch TV … …

The next few days, in addition to new years day. The remaining few days to go to visit our relatives, relatives, eat dinner together tonight. If you have time to go shopping together, pick up some new clothes, buy some special purchases for the Spring Festival … …

The new year day is very busy, at night, eating while watching tv. My evening meal is more abundant than on the thirty from the 6. At the beginning of 7, you usually have to eat 8. The 9 point is enough. That is, at 8, many people celebrate this special festival with fireworks and firecrackers. The fireworks are simply flying all over the sky, and the sky is decorated with colorful and colorful.

The new year is a lot of fun, a lot of good-looking, and a lot of delicious food.

After two weeks,we have a nlong holiday.It’t about a month.I’ll make a plan for my holiday.

两周后，我们有一个n超长使用节日。它不约一个月。我会为我的假期计划。

Every day,I’ll get up at around eight.At half past eight,I’ll have breakfast.After that,I’ll do my homework.It’s about two hours.At ten o’clock,I’ll watch TV.Because I think I can know more about the word from TV.At half past eleven,I’ll have lunch.At one o’clock,I’ll go to the library.I want to read some books about middle school students.At two o’clock,I’ll play games with my friend.It’ so funny..At five o’clock ,I’ll have supper.Then I’ll do some exercise.For exampel:running,weight lifting and long jump.I want yo get stronger soon.

每一天，我将在八点左右起床。八岁半了，我要吃早餐。之后，我会做我的家庭作业。这是约两个小时。十点，我会看电视。因为我觉得我可以知道更多关于电视的话。十一岁半，我会吃午饭。下午一点，我会去图书馆的。我想看一些关于中学生的书。二点，我将与我的朋友玩游戏。它很有趣。五点，我去吃晚饭。然后我会做一些运动。为例：跑步，举重和长跳。我想很快变得更强壮。

This is my plan for the holiday,what about you?

这是我的假期计划，你呢?

Summer holiday plan

Summer holiday is coming. How excited! I havemade a plan for my summer holiday. First of all, I will go to Hong Kong tovisit my aunt. And then I will stay with her for a while. As Hong Kong is the shoppingparadise, of course, I will ask my aunt to go shopping with me . I will also eatthe delicious food there. And then I will go home. I know that study comesfirst. So I will finish my homework first. After that I will go out play withmy friends. And then I will take a good rest to prepare for my coming back toschool.

暑假计划

暑假即将来临。多么的兴奋啊!我已经为我的暑假制定了计划。首先，我会去香港拜访我的婶婶。之后我会和她呆一段时间。因为香港是购物天堂，当然我会叫我婶婶陪我一起去购物。我还要吃那里美味的食物。然后我就会回家。我知道学习是最重要的。所以回去之后我会先完成我的暑假作业。之后我就会和我的朋友出去玩。再之后我就会好好的休息来为回校做好准备。

As the winter vacation is drawing near,I have a plan about my vacation.I am going to do what I want to do.I am going to study harder in order to get good grades in the following term.After finishing all my homework.I am going to enjoy myself in the sea of konwledge.Reading must be a good idea.I am going to keep fit at the same time.I will get up early in the morning everyday and play sports.I really love speats.Besides that,Eating a balanced diet is also good for my healthy.

schedule:

I will be in the third grade in the next term.Sin ce the highschool entrance examination is coming soon, there is a great need for me to make a precise plan of my studies.

From September to November,I will follow the teachers in the new lessons learning, and after cla, the contemporary exercises are necessary.

Before the end of the first term, I will review all the lessons from beginning again.

From March to April, review all I have learned a second time.

Beginning from April, models tests should be the all.Several days before the exam, I will go over all the mistakes in the pa-pe-rs and have a good rest for the exam.

Today is March 8th, the new term, the last but the most important term of junior high has been on for more than seven days. It means that there are only about three months left for us to study. We suddenly feel that time passes so fast. We still remember the first day we come to this famous middle school, but now, two and a half years has passed. Have you ever looked back and thought, what you did and learnt in the two and a half years? And how much did you learn from teachers, books or in any other ways?To ask yourselves, have you ever wasted time? If you say “never”, that’s very good. But if you say “Yes, often,” it is so regretful. But everything has passed anyhow, we can’t get it back, so the only thing we cann do is, to make better use of the time.

From now on, study hard. It’s not so late that everything can’t be changed yet. Everything is possible only if you try your best to do it. Believe yourselves, “Every man has his price.” Maybe you are good at study, you are good at singing or you do well in drawing……

So I always believe myself no matter where, no matter when. It’s very important, I think. Let’s try our best and put our heart into it. Wish you make good results in the last exam.

[英语学习计划作文

The New Terms Plan

The new term is coming.I am excited..I will be in eight grade next term.

I will be more hard-studying in next term.And I will pay more attention to study math and physics.In order to be more and more healthy and strong.I will do more exercise next term.In the new term,I will know more focus of the world because I will read more newspaper.

I hope the new term will come sooner.

Do you know Nanjing? I went to Nanjing on the holidays. If you dont know it, Ill tell you something about the beautiful city.

Nanjing is very large. There are many tall buildings, and lots of flowers and trees. It takes 30 minutes to get to the center by car. When you go there, you must be very excited.

I went to Fuzimiao. I dont think youll know it, so Ill tell you something unusual about it. Fuzimiao is a good place to go shopping. There are many nice streets in it. On the streets there are lots of shops, like clothes shops, bookshops and shoeshops. You can buy anything you like in the shops and you can find souvenirs in Fuzimiao. I like going there because there are a lot of interesting things in it and they make me happy.

I had a great time in Nanjing. If you can go to Nanjing, you must feel happy.

Dear teacher

Hello! First of all, I wish you a happy Spring Festival and a happy

family!

Time like water, five years of primary school is fleeting. In these five

years, it is you who have given us the blue sky, let us fly freely in the ocean

of knowledge, it is you who have given us sunshine and let us open like

flowers.

I still remember that on the first day of entering the school, our first

Chinese teacher and the first head teacher of my primary school, Ruan, led us to

visit the campus. I was most impressed by her bright laughter and warm eyes. Mr.

Zhu, a lovely math teacher, is very vivid in class. There is also mis Wang, our

English teacher. She is the spirit of our class. At Christmas, she came to our

classmates with a bag of presents on her back. At this moment, your smiling

faces flash in front of my eyes.

After entering the fourth grade, we have to change teachers. Looking at

each others eyes, we are sad. At this time, a small pink figure on the

platform, a baby face, is a pair of bright eyes. Fashion clothing, bright colors

suddenly lit up our small eyes. This is the second head teacher of my primary

school --- Mr. Zhao Ying. Mr. Zhao teaches us how to be a human being ten

minutes before class every day. Tell us that it is not important to win or lose

once, but to never give up and stick to it. Our math teacher is as quick as a

gust of wind, speaking fast, marking homework fast. My slow temperament is often

confused by this speed.

Our English teacher Mr. Wangs decomposition learning method makes me no

longer hate English.

Dear teachers, over the past five years, you have been making great efforts

to educate us. You are like a big tree, and we are thriving in your shade. You

have given us the same care as our mother, which makes me feel extremely happy

and makes me interested in learning,

Yes, sometimes you are very strict with us, and you are often strict with

us. You also often teach us lessons and be responsible for us. Even if we have a

little bit of mistakes, you will find out. But I know that you are for us to

learn better and deeper, so that we can have great achievements in the

future.

Teacher, thank you for your serious and responsible education, thank you

for your concern for us, thank you for teaching us a lot of knowledge, thank you

for your selfless dedication to us, a thousand and ten thousand "thank you" can

not express my gratitude to you!

I wish teachers:

Healthy and beautiful forever!

Your student: Zhou Kexin

The pace of the new year is getting closer and closer, and my hopes and expectations for the new year are growing.

There is one more week to final exams, I want to learn the lessons of last year, not only to Chinese, math and English, while ignoring the importance of science and morality of these two families, out of 500 cases, especially close to the examination, the two section is the key to sprint, there is a temporary array of guns. Fast emitting. I should make full use of the time before examination, attack the recitation carefully, make grains go to the warehouse, face challenges and create brilliance, and spend an unusual new year.

Looking back over the past year, my classroom performance is much better than before, but I am still a little inferior to other students. In the new year, I will pay more attention to the pre class preview, answer the question actively and enthusiastically, and no longer worry about the wrong answer to the joke. I want to pay attention to the classroom performance of truth, a good grasp of the class to listen carefully to this criterion, keep up with the teachers ideas, not to make the teacher teacher, I do my mistake, I want to turn over and reinvent yourself, never do monks muddle along. The new year, I want to strive for progress with determination, take practical action to prove to everyone, make a wish, a person.

It is more happy to mention the new year. The red character, deafening firecrackers, bright smile, I want to enjoy the winter vacation life, watching the series of books by Shen — — "animal commandos", go to grandmas house for a long time, and grandma grandpa chat, walk the dog, watch TV, play computer, to students in string so, I decide my winter vacation.

The Spring Festival is coming soon, I feel so excited, my parents will be home and get together with me. They are busy all the time and have less vacation, they told me that they would have 7 days off and promised to stay with me. I have made some plans for the coming festival and I can’t wait to carry them out.

春节很快就要到来了，我感到很兴奋，我的父母将会在家，和我呆在一起。他们一直都很忙，没有什么假期，他们告诉我们将会有一周的休假，并且承诺和我在一起。我已经为即将带来的春节制定了一些计划，迫不及待要执行。

At the eve of the Spring Festival, my parents decide to go back to my grandparents’ house, we will spend the important day together. It has been three years since we get united last time, I miss the happy atmosphere, we talked so happily. I also miss my grandparents’ food, it is so delicious, my grandma always knows how to satisfy my stomach.

在春节的前一天，我的父母打算回到祖父母的家里，我们会一起度过重要的一天。这离我们上次相聚已经有三年了，我很怀念那愉快的氛围，我们聊得很开心。我也怀念祖父母的食物，那很美味，我的祖母总是知道如何满足我的胃口。

I plan to go to the park with my parents, as they are busy all the time, so they want to play with me in this holiday. I can see the beautiful scenery and have a nice talk to my parents, we can challenge some game together.

我打算和我的父母一起去公园，由于他们总是一直很忙，因此他们想要在假期里和我一起玩耍。我可以看到美丽的风景，和父母愉快地聊聊天，我们也可以一起挑站游戏。

These are my plans, I think I will have a nice vacation with my family.

这就是我的计划，我觉得会和家人度过一个愉快的假期。

新的学期马上就要到来了，你有什么学习计划呢?下面是语文迷网哪位大家带来的新学计划的英语作文，欢迎参考。

【第1篇】新学期计划的英语作文

The new term is coming.I am excited..I will be in eight grade next term.

I will be more hard-studying in next term.And I will pay more attention to study math and physics.In order to be more and more healthy and strong.I will do more exercise next term.In the new term,I will know more focus of the world because I will read more newspaper.

I hope the new term will come sooner.

【第2篇】新学期计划的英语作文

Another new term comes again,so I should have a study plan to promot myself.

新的一学期马上就要开始了，于是我给我自己做了一个新学期做一个学习计划，以此来激励(督促)我。

Firstly,I descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay more attention to the knowledge which I didnt know it clearly. From joozone.Com.

首先，我会比以前更为认真的去完成我的家庭作业。留意自己不清晰的知识点，并弄懂它们。

Secondly,I will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge.and try to combine theory to practice.

其次，我将读大量的书，以便扩展我的知识面。并且结合实际去实践它们。

Finally,I will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

最后，我将调整好心态，让自己变得更自信更加乐于助人。

Thats what I plan to do in a new term.

这就是我新学期的计划及决心。

Last week Chang Feng Park held a flower show.

I went to visit it with my friends.I was very glad to see so many beautiful flowers in the park.I was really amazed to see a sea of colourful flowers.They told me that some rare flowers came from Taiwan.Thousands of people stopped and watched them carefully.

I took many pictures there.Taiwan has always been a part of our country.I am sure sooner or later we can go there to see many more beautiful flowers.What great fun it will be.

Today is a memorable day, because Im going to the bus station when volunteers. Although the sun like a want to sear us, but I Im not afraid.

In the afternoon, I found volunteers set to follow mother, has gathered a lot of people there. A big brother said to me: "kid, you go to the opposite of a pavilion to send tea!" Im glad to go over. Pavilion, there is a table with two buckets, one filled with chrysanthemum, one filled with boiling water. Volunteers sister called Zhang Liyuan and I gave her the cup and convenient passers-by her water to drink. But very few people to take water, mothers will mobilize our to send tea to passers-by. So, I carry water cup, to the passing pedestrians, but gave a lot of people say not to. How to do? I came up with a good way to move, and that is carefully to see the people, once found staring at the pot, immediately gave them water. Sure enough, these people are happy took me into the water.

This is my first time to when volunteers, although busy one afternoon, sweat soaked my clothes, but in the mind very happy.

今天是个难忘的日子，因为我要去汽车东站当志愿者。虽然太阳像要把我们烤焦似的，但我我一点都不害怕。

下午，我跟着妈妈找到了志愿者集合地，那里已经聚集了不少人。一个大哥哥对我说：“小朋友，你去对面的凉亭里送茶吧!”我高兴地走了过去。凉亭里有一张桌子，上面有两个大桶，一个装着菊花，一个装着开水。志愿者姐姐叫我和张力源给她递杯子，方便她倒水给路人喝。可是来拿水的人很少，妈妈们就动员我们去给路人送茶。于是，我端着水杯，递给路过的行人，但是很多人却摆摆手说不要。怎么办呢?我动了动脑筋，想出了好办法，那就是仔细地观察路人的表情，一旦发现目不转睛地盯着茶壶的人，就马上给他们送上水。果然，这些人都开心接过了我送上的水。

这是我第一次当志愿者，虽然忙碌了一个下午，汗水湿透了我的衣服，但心里很开心。

Smile, how warm the word is! it can make anyone happy. and this happiness is from the bottom of heart.

It’s not like enthusiastic laughter, but just warm, makes your heart warm.

Mother’s smile is like a spring wind, so gentle when you are sad, it can make you happy again; when you fail, it can make you stand up and work hard again; when you give up, it can make you try your best again…

Smile, so easy, but also so useful.

So, let’s learn to smile. everyone needs others’ smile. when we give others a smile, we will feel happy, too. and maybe next time, when you need a smile, the person who received your smile will give it to you.

Let’s learn to smile often, i believe it can even make the whole warm. living with a smile, every day will be sunshine.

In modern society, the problem of heavy traffic has aroused a wide concern.

Concerning with this problem, different people hold different opinions. As far

as I am concerned, to solve this problem, we need to begin with the following

steps.

First, limiting the number of private cars is a significant step to solve

the problem of heavy traffic. Private car occupies a larger space and it is

responsible for traffic jam to a large extent. Less private cars will accelerate

the flow of traffic. Second, it is also a good means to open up the special

roads for buses. By doing this, the phenomenon that the buses block the street

when passengers get on or get off the buses will not occur again. At the same

time, it will upgrade the efficiency of buses. Finally, reinforcing punish

toward the over-speed cars and drunk driving so as to reduce the rate of traffic

accident, and then decrease traffic jam.

To put it in a nutshell, only we put the above advice into practice

together can we solve the problem of heavy traffic.

1.多一份欢欣就多一份快乐，多一份快乐就多一份如意。愿大家天天欢欣，月月快乐，年年如意!Yesterdayisaway,forgetit.Tomorrowis notexist, do notworry. Todayishere, useit. 回顾过去，我们用真诚感恩回忆的点点滴滴，珍惜现在，我们用奋斗充实工作的分分秒秒，展望未来，我们用责任创造天琴新的辉煌。

2.我愿倾我所有，全力以赴——以最宽阔的胸怀，接纳你们;以最大的努力培育你们;学生的成功就是我的喜悦。

3.用辛勤的汗水浇灌每一棵“幼苗” ，用真诚的爱心滋润每一朵“鲜花”，用永恒的热情创造一个个奇迹。

4.眼睛能看到的地方，就是你能到达的地方。而同样，你想成为更加优秀的人，你就一定能成功。

5.大家在新的一年有棒棒的body，满满的knowledge，每天心情sunny，更加的happy，无忧无虑像个baby。

6.年岁首，我把祝福和希望悄悄地放在将融的雪被下，让我们随着春天成长，送给你一年的丰硕与芬芳。

7.感恩父母，感恩老师，感恩社会，学会做人，学会学习，学会处事。 走近孩子的世界，聆听孩子的声音，新年的阳光将洒在你们的身上，新年的春风将吹在你们的脸上，请坚信我将和你们同行，因为我对你们的爱是那么的深沉和执着。

8.新的一年，新希望，新历程，新突破，承载我们新的梦想。绿叶饱含着对根的情谊，爱是老师教好学生的前提和基础，孩子的笑容是我们心中最美的词汇，我愿用真心、爱心呵护每一张阳光灿烂的笑脸。用真心品味工作，用勤奋品味学习，用宽容品味缺憾，用感恩品味幸福，用真情品味朋友，用真诚品味回忆，祝大家新年快乐，一年更比一年好!

9.装满一车幸福，让平安开道，抛开一切烦恼，让快乐环绕,存储所有温暖，将寒冷赶跑，释放一生真情，让幸福永远对你们微笑!

10.历经磨难体验生活的艰辛，真诚付出享受成功的喜悦，憧憬未来激出蓬勃的斗志，心存梦想追求美好生活，祝福你奋斗就是爱自己。爱是一首动人的旋律，爱是一幅优美的画卷，让我们用爱的翅膀托起明天的希望! Believeme,believeyourself.

Low carbon life is a kind of environmental protection, saving and fashionable way of life. Electricity saving, water saving, fuel-efficient, throttle can help us to low carbon life into reality.

At present, our earth mother is "fever", warming the earth. Caused by the earth mother catches the "disease" culprit is a huge carbon emissions. However, to "cure disease" is not without its way. Nowadays, low carbon era had pulled, is changing our lives.

In fact, low carbon in the us. Such as: summer, we use air conditioning dont use too long, a few hours to shut the air conditioner, to open electric fan, it can save 50% of the electricity; Keep food in the refrigerator, the amount of food the best accounts for 80% of the volume, with the bag after the water cooling in freezer, such, can not only extend the downtime, can also reduce the boot time, saves the electricity; Created by the DIY craft again, you will find that the original waste is treasure, household environment that healthy and full of creative little joy.

Often start work at ordinary times, diligent brain, also can achieve low carbon life. Adds up the rest of the tea tea at ordinary times, can do a tea pillow; Do with short pencil, a pen cap, set in the above, you can then use; The rest of the small soap with soap, accumulate over a long period, also can into a soap.

In addition, travel, try to walk, ride a bike, ride the bus and subway more, less private cars; To use less disposable things; Open the computer or TV time not too long, about a few hours off.

低碳生活是一种环保、节约又时尚的生活方式。节电、节水、节油、节气可以帮助我们将低碳生活变成现实。

目前，我们的地球母亲正在“发烧”——地球变暖。而导致这次地球母亲染上这“病”的罪魁祸首就是巨大的碳排放量。不过，要治“病”也不是没有办法的。如今，低碳时代已经如约而至，正在改变着我们的生活。

其实，低碳就在我们的身边。比如：夏天，我们用空调不要用太长时间，几个小时后就关上空调，再开电风扇，这样可以省50%的电;在冰箱内放食物时，食物量最好占容积的80%，用袋子装上水制冷后放入冷藏，这样，既能延长停机时间，也能减少开机时间，更省电;经过手工DIY的再创造，你会发现原来废物也是宝，这样的家居环境健康且充满了创意的小欢乐。

平时勤动手，勤动脑，也可以实现低碳生活。平时喝茶剩下的茶叶积攒起来，可以做一个茶叶枕头;用短的铅笔，做一个笔套，套在上面，可以接着用;用肥皂剩下的小肥皂，日积月累，也能成一个肥皂。

另外，平时出行尽量步行，多骑自行车，多乘坐公交车和地铁，少开私家车;少用一次性的东西;开电脑或是电视的时间都不要太长，大约几小时就关掉。

Nowadays, motorcycles are popular around us. They have become an important

means of transport in Chinese cities. Compared with the bike and the car, the

motorcycle has its own advantages. First, it is quite flexible. When there is a

traffic jam, it can go through the cars that are held up in the street. Besides,

it doesnt consume much petrol. Most important of all, it can carry another

person at the back. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also

apparent. To begin with, its very complicated to get qualified fur riding a

motorcycle. Youll have to go through a series of procedures to get a riding

license. Furthermore, the maintenance is expensive. Worst of all, it costs a big

sum of money to pay fur the license plate, especially in big cities.

In conclusion, it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. However, if

the authorities concerned simplify the procedures and reduce the cost of the

license plate, the motorcycle will be accepted by more people.

学习策略指学生为了有效地学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的信念。学习策略对提高学生的学习效果、养成学习习惯以及培养终身学习能力具有重要意义。

1. 关于学习策略的背景

自20世纪70年代以来，外语教学研究有一个重要的转向，即从研究教师如何教转向学生如何学。在过去很长一段时间里，外语教学研究主要是研究教师如何教，产生了各种各样的教学方法。但是经过很多年的实验，认为教学方法固然重要，但是我们更需要了解学生如何学。所以从20世纪70年代开始，很多专家开始关注学生如何学习的研究。

在这个研究领域的一个重要问题，就是关于学习策略的研究。因此，学习策略成为第二语言学习的研究，成为外语教学研究的一个重要领域。经过四十多年的研究和实践，学习策略的研究已经从理论走向实践。我们说从理论走向实践，主要是指在20世纪70年代和80年代，主要研究关于学习策略的一些基本理论，比如说什么是学习策略，哪些因素影响学习策略，学习策略是如何培养的，以及各种不同的语言学习者所采用的学习策略。其中最早的人研究关于优秀语言学习者采取的策略和其他的语言学习者采取的策略有哪些不同。经过一二十年的研究，到了20世纪90年代的时候，学习策略研究逐渐地走向实践。所谓走向实践就是指在课堂教学中如何渗透学习策略，如何培养学生的学习策略。在这个背景下，学习策略已经成为语言教学实践领域的一个不可或缺的领域。所以在过去的三十多年里面，学习策略已经成为外语课程设计、教材编写、课堂教学的一个重要方面。很多国家和地区的外语教学大纲，或者外语课程标准，都把学习策略列为主要的课程目标之一。就我们了解的情况来看，从20世纪90年代到现在，大约二十多年的时间里面，很多国家在做外语课程改革的过程中，在重新制定教学大纲和课程标准的过程中，都把学习策略列为一个重要的领域。当然有的叫学习策略，有的可能还叫学习方法，或者有的地方有其他的名称。就我知道在香港制定的英语教学大纲，副标题就是learning how to learn，这里就是说强调学会如何学习，也就是学生在学校期间，学会如何学习。这在一定意义上可能比学习具体的知识，发展具体的语言技能更加重要。所以各个国家都非常重视学习策略使用能力的培养，或者说更广泛一些，就是自主学习能力和终身学习能力的培养。

2. 学习策略是英语课程的重要目标

我们国家在2001年制定的英语课程标准也把学习策略列为五个主要的课程目标之一。应该说，在十年前我们把学习策略列为课程目标是一个非常正确的举措。在当时也引起了广泛的关注。经过十多年的实践，大家对学习策略的了解更多。广大一线教师在课堂上实践学习策略的实践情况也越来越好。但是还是有一些认识不清楚的地方。

我们为什么要把学习策略列为课程的目标?十年前我们就这么做了，老师们也有一定的认识。但是现在还有一些模糊的认识。在这里我们再简单地研究一下学习策略的意义和价值。第一，大量的研究已经证明，学生使用学习策略能有效地提高英语学习的效果。从20世纪70年代开始，我们就在研究语言学习者的策略。主要的研究领域是使用学习策略比不使用学习策略效果更好。研究已经表明，不管是初级语言学习者，中级学习者，还是高级学习者，他们使用学习策略都对语言能力的提高有极大的促进作用。不仅是在西方国家，在西方以外的国家，也做过这样的实验。我们国家虽然起步晚一些，但是从20世纪80年代以来也有大量的研究，也证明了使用学习策略能够提高学习效果。就我看到的研究成果来看，有小学的，有中学的，也有大学的，有青少年的，也有成年人的，这一条应该是不可怀疑的。第二个原因是培养学习策略有利于实现个性化学习。什么叫个性化学习呢?就是我们每一个学习者都有自己的特点，有自己的学习目标，有自己的学习方式，有自己的学习方法，这就是个性化学习。既然每个学生，或者每个学习者都有自己的特点，那么他们采用的学习策略也应该是不一样的。由于个性学习的需求，我们每个人需要找到适合自己特点的学习方式，学习策略也正是对此能够有所帮助。因为学习策略实际上是每一个人根据自己的需要采取的策略。虽然说每一个人的策略不太一样，但是总体来讲，学习策略还是有规律的。所以我们在课程标准里面，在教材里面渗透学习策略，也能够帮助学习者逐渐地发展个性，具有个性化特点的学习方式、学习方法。第三，发展学习策略有利于学生形成自主学习和终身学习的能力。我们现在的教育非常强调自主学习和终身学习的能力。比如说香港地区，它特别强调在学校期间，学生要学会如何学习。终身学习能力也好，自主学习能力也好，它都建立在一定的学习方式、学习方法、学习策略的基础上。我们掌握了学习策略，就可能实现自主学习。也就是说，学生在没有教师的指导和帮助下，能够独立地学习，有了独立学习能力，或者自主学习能力，那么才有可能培养终身学习能力。所谓终身学习能力，就是说学生离开学校之后，进入社会、走向工作之后，还要继续学习，就是我们通常所说的“活到老，学到老”。这三者之间是密切联系的。学习策略的培养有利于形成自主学习能力，自主学习能力有利于形成终身学习能力。

3. 学习策略的定义

那么，到底什么是学习策略呢?或者具体来讲，就英语学科而言，究竟什么是英语学习策略?这里让我们看一看英语课程标准的定义。义务教育英语课程标准对学习策略的定义是这样的：“学习策略是指学生为了有效地学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的信念。”应该说这个定义是比较全面的。在现有的文献中，关于学习策略的定义很多，有的很简单，有的很复杂，有的具有比较强的学术味道，有的比较通俗。考虑到课程标准这个文件的特殊性，我们既要使这个定义科学全面，同时也易于老师们理解，所以我们给出这样一个定义。在这个定义里面，我们希望老师们把握几个关键词。首先，这个定义中的关键词是“学生”，因为策略是学生在学习和使用英语过程中的策略，而不是教师，也不是其他人，所以我们要注意学生。这与学生的自主学习、终身学习是相关的，与学生的背景是相关的。学习策略研究的来源是从研究教师如何教转向学生如何学。也就是说，学生如何学是我们关注的重点。学习策略也是以学生为主体的，虽然我们强调教师在学习过程中的作用，但是学习策略主要是学生使用的策略。第二个关键词是“有效地学习和使用英语”，这里面其实又关系到三个关键词，“有效”、“学习”和“使用”。“有效”是指我们采取学习策略以后，我们的效率会更高一些。“学习”和“使用”语言，这里除了学习语言，还包括使用语言。老师们要注意，我们一般认为先学完英语，再去使用。其实这有点儿片面，学英语的过程，也是使用英语的过程。英语课程标准特别强调，在学习英语过程中要使用语言，同时强调在使用英语的过程中学习语言。所以我们这里特意强调学习策略。虽然在术语上讲叫学习策略，但是实际上它包括的意思是学习英语和使用英语的策略。第三个关键词是“行动和步骤”。对这两个词怎么理解呢?行动，可以是比较大的行动，也可以是微观的行动，步骤往往是比较微观的具体的做法。比如说我为了完成某一个事情，要采取某一个行动，这个可能是一个短期的，也可能是个长期的行动。步骤，就是我们做某件事情具体的程序，先做什么，再做什么。比如我们在阅读过程中，遇到生单词，我们可能去查词典，那么这就是一个小的行动。查词典本身有可能涉及很多小的步骤。比如关于词典的选择，查词典过程中，是查一个词全面的意思和用法，还是有选择性地了解这个词的用法，这都是一些小的步骤。第四个关键词是“信念”。策略可能是学生采取的行动和步骤，但同时也是信念，所以这个定义的最后一部分是“以及指导这些行为和步骤的信念”。信念就是思想，就是学习者对语言学习的一些看法、认识。我们每个人做任何事情都是有一定的思想前提的。也就是说，我们有什么样的想法，就可能采取什么样的行动。传统意义上的教学方法，一般是不包括行动后边的信念。学习策略则包括这样的信念。比如说，我认为学英语就需要大量的阅读，这就是一种信念，那么在这种信念的指导下，可能采取一些步骤和行动。因此，学习策略既包括学习者采取的具体的行动和步骤，同时也包括这些行动和步骤背后的信念。这是一个基本的定义，希望老师们在研究学习策略的时候，注意把握这个定义中的这几个关键词。

也许有些老师会问，学习策略和学习方法有没有区别。我也注意到，有的文献，包括我们国内出版的有关新课程的文献也经常提到，有的还专门阐述学习策略与学习方法之间的区别。虽然大家觉得这个区别并不重要，但是有的老师还是比较关心。这里我们简单地做一个讨论。通常学习策略是指学习者对学习的认识以及为提高学习效果而采取的步骤和行动。策略的概念比方法的概念更加全面，涵盖的内容更为丰富。传统意义的学习方法，就是做事情的一些具体的方式方法，包括技巧。当然这个方法在我们中国人的心里是一个广义的概念。它可以包括很具体的做法，也可以包括一种大的方法。但是一般情况下我们还认为方法就是做事情的方式、方法，但不包括信念、思想。学习策略是应该包括思想和信念的。所以说学习策略这个术语应该是比学习方法涵盖的内容更多一些。我们的课程标准之所以没有采用“学习方法”这个术语，而采用“学习策略”这个术语，第一是希望这个术语能够涵盖更多的内容，第二个也是与国际现有的学术文献，以及其他各个国家课程改革相关的内容接轨。据我们了解的情况，很多国家和地区都采用了“学习策略”这个术语。第三，应该指出的是，传统意义的学习方法也都属于学习策略，但是有些学习策略则可能不属于方法。比如刚才提到的，学习英语需要大量阅读这就是个信念，是一个策略，那么这个信念恐怕就不能叫方法。

为了使各位老师更加清楚地理解方法和策略的区别，我们再举一些例子请大家来看一看。我给大家呈现的这些陈述，到底是方法呢，还是策略呢?

1.每天早晨朗读课文。

2.应该通过大量阅读来增加词汇量。

3.根据阶段学习情况调整学习计划。

4.注意寻求各种英语实践机会。

5.在英语角主动与人交谈。

6.学单词时想象单词代表的物体的形状。

7.注意收集各种英语资料。

8.把新学的单词抄在笔记本里。

“每天早晨朗读课文”这是一个策略，还是一个方法呢?显然，很多老师会说，我们觉得这个是策略，也是方法。因为按照现在策略的定义，所有的方法都可以叫做策略。“应该通过大量阅读来增加词汇量”，这个是传统意义的方法呢，还是我们现在说的学习策略呢?根据我们刚才的分析，这句话算一个信念或者算一个思想。因为它认为应该通过大量的阅读来提高词汇量，关键是这个陈述里面有一个“应该”这个词，这就是一种思想，那么这种思想是一个学习策略。它本身并不是一个做事情的方式、方法，但是这句话所表达的含义可能影响我们做事情，影响我们做事情的方式方法，所以可以说是一个策略。第三个“根据阶段学习情况调整学习计划”，这个肯定是策略，同时也可以说是方法。传统意义的学习方法也包括做计划、注意寻求各种英语实践机会，它是注意寻求机会，并不是说真正的用英语实践，它是一种思想、一种态度，所以我们认为这个是策略。还有“在英语角主动与人交谈”，这个和第四个非常接近，应该也是学习策略。第六个，“学单词时想象单词所代表的固体的形状”。我们学习苹果apple这个词的时候，同时想一想apple代表的具体的物体，比如说它的形状、颜色、味道等，这毫无疑问是传统意义的学习方法，也是学习策略。第七个，“注意收集各种英语资料”，这个和第四和第五个是一样的，对“注意收集各种资料”有两种理解。一种是自己经常收集学习资料，可以说是具体的行为，同时也可能说是一种态度，比如说我“注意”，文中的注意表示重视，这也是一种思想，也是一种理念，这个应该是学习策略。第八个，“把新学的单词抄在笔记本里”，这是我们大家非常熟悉的一个学习行为，毫无疑问是学习方法，同时也是学习策略，但是这是一个比较微观的学习策略。我们从刚才举的这八个例子可以看到，学习策略与学习方法非常接近，但也有一些细微的差异。总体来讲，策略涵盖的内容可能更多一些。

4. 学习策略的分类

英语学习策略分类是学习策略研究的一个重要领域，也是现在的一个难题。之所以是一个难题，是因为分类的标准是多样的，不同的标准就会导致不同的类别。这里我给大家介绍几个常用的分类标准和常用的分类框架。对事物进行分类能够增进我们对事物的理解。如果很多事物堆在一起不分类，杂乱无章，我们看不出它们的规律，或者规律看得不够清楚。所以我们经常要对事物进行分类。

首先根据策略与认知过程的关系进行分类，那么这个分类标准就是策略与认知过程的关系。什么叫认知过程呢，认知过程就是我们人类认知周围世界的过程。由于我们认知事物的过程是多种多样的，或者是变化的，那么我们采取的策略也是不一样的。根据这个标准，我们把学习策略分为四大类：

第一类是认知策略。什么叫认知策略，就是我们认知事物的过程中采取的策略，也就是说，当我们人类在认知一个事情的时候，采取的角度和方式。比如说，我为了更好地记住某个事物的形状，颜色特征等，用一个具体的方式来加深印象，这就是认知策略。第二类是元认知策略。当然元认知策略这个术语本身学术成分比较高，很多老师不太欣赏，所以我们在课程标准里面有意回避了这个术语。但是这里我们还希望老师们能够理解。所谓的“元”，就是在原来的基础之上，提高了一个层次，那么原认知就是对认知本身的认知。比如说有一个方法，我就让他们做，但是我不去思考这个方法本身的效果，以及方法本身的科学性。假如某一天，我们对这个方法的效果产生怀疑，我们反思这些方法的使用情况以及这一方法的使用效率，这就是元认知。换句话说，对认知本身的认知。又比如说通过阅读来提高词汇量，这既是一个认知过程，也是一个学习过程，那么这个过程本身怎么样，它的价值如何，这可能需要从另外一个层面进行认知。如果我认为通过大量的阅读提高词汇量是很科学的，这就是对这个行为本身的一个评价，这个评价就是一个认知。基于这样的认知，基于这样的语言认知的策略或者思想，就叫元认知策略。

在这里再举两个例子说明认知策略和元认知策略的区别。我们在学单词的时候，为了更好地记住这些词，或者了解、把握这些词的意思和用法，往往采取把单词按词性进行分类的策略，这个分类过程就是认知过程，这个策略就是认知策略。那么什么叫元认知策略呢?我认为把单词按词性进行分类有利于加深记忆，这就是元认知。把单词按词性分类是一个具体的做法，是一个思想，是一个认知策略，我们又对这个认知策略进行“认知”，通过观察、实验，我们认识到这样做有利于加深对单词的记忆，也许另外有人认为它不利于加深单词的记忆，甚至有人认为，这样分类不利于理解单词，这也是一种思想，这也是一种策略。对策略进行认知的策略这就是元认知策略。如果老师们对它们之间的差别理解得很含糊的话，问题也不太大，因为这个定义的区别主要在学术界，与我们一般老师解释关系不是很大。

第三个是情感策略。我们很多老师对这个策略比较陌生。情感策略是什么呢?就是在学习过程中调整、调控、控制自己情绪情感的策略。人有丰富的情绪情感，外语学习者在学习过程中有很多情绪，那么这些情绪有积极的，有消极的，它们直接或间接地影响学习过程。紧张、焦虑是情感，高兴、动机、兴趣等也是情感。这些情感是积极的。我们如何尽量保持积极的情感，尽量控制消极的情感，这就需要采取策略，这就是情感策略。

第四类叫交际策略。交际策略就是在使用语言过程中，为了提高交际的效果，为了克服交际困难而采取的策略。我们在学单词mood的时候，mood这个词本身表示情绪，四个字母，mood。有的学习者为了对这些词理解得更深刻，记忆得更深刻，在写这个词的时候，故意把中间这两个字母o，写成两个人脸的形状，一个是高兴的表情，一个是沮丧的表情，那么这两个表情就能代表这个单词部分的含义，mood情绪的变化。有的学生通过这样做，对这个词本身的含义就加深了理解，这就是一个情感策略。

第二种分类方法是根据策略里语言学习领域的关系进行分类。语言学习领域包括很多子领域，比如说语音学习、语法学习、听力训练、口语训练、阅读训练等，按照这个角度可以把学习策略分为以下这些类别：听力训练策略、口语训练策略、阅读理解策略、写作训练策略、语感学习策略、词汇学习策略等。

第三种分类方法是根据策略使用者进行分类。有初学者，中级学习者和高级学习者，有成功学习者和不太成功的学习者，如果根据学习策略使用对象的背景进行分类，可以分成成功学习者与不太成功者的学习策略。这实际上是学习策略研究最早的一种分类方式。因为当时较多地研究成功学习者学习策略，用于指导不太成功的学习者。还可以分成初级学习者与高级学习者的策略。初级学习者不一定从年龄角度分，可能是从语言学习的水平，或者是阶段来分的。显然初级学习者和高级学习者采用的策略是不一样的。当然学习者本身不存在高级和初级的问题，而是指他们的学习水平。

5. 学习策略使用能力的培养

学习策略使用能力的培训也是课程标准非常强调的。学习策略使用能力是后天发展的，不是天生的，它的发展需要学生自己努力，同时也需要教师的指导，还需要同伴的帮助。学习策略能力发展的过程也比较复杂。根据过去几十年的研究，有的学生可能发展得快一些，有的则很慢，有的发展得比较有效，有的虽然经过努力，仍然不能有效地成为学习策略。所以关于学习策略的培训就成为值得大家思考的问题。这里谈关于学习策略使用能力培养的几个关键问题。

第一，有些策略属于认识或意识，对于这样的策略，主要通过引导和潜移默化的方式进行训练。一个人做某件事情，他肯定是有一些思想的，我们把这个思想叫认识，或者叫意识。认识和意识是人主动形成的，而且不易在短时间内改变。认识和意识往往还是看不见、摸不着的。这类策略有：积极与其他同学合作、注意听教师的指令、表达时不怕犯错误、在交际中注意到中外交际习俗的差异、积极参与课内外英语学习活动、积极培养对英语的好奇心等。这一类策略的特点就是都有认识或者意识在里面，有一些可能是具体性的，但是大多数都是关于一种想法的。这类策略应该如何培训呢?应该是解释、引导、鼓励，所谓解释，就是让学生知识这些策略的价值、策略的内涵;引导就是鼓励学生朝这些方向努力，鼓励学生形成这种认识;鼓励学生去努力去尝试，鼓励学生在这些思想的指导下，采取具体的行动。

第二，有些策略属于学习习惯、学习方式、学习方法和学习技巧。对于这一类策略可以通过介绍、示范等方式，鼓励学生大胆尝试。因为这一类策略比较具体，老师可以示范，学生可以模仿，老师还可以观察。有些策略与语言技能的训练密切相关，那么这类策略最好与具体的语言学习活动结合起来。在某种意义上讲，听力策略、阅读策略是一种听力技能和阅读技能。比如说，在阅读过程中，根据上面的内容猜测词义就是一个策略。它既是一个学习策略，也是一个阅读技巧。这一类的策略最好和具体的语言教学活动结合起来。这类策略有积极尝试、使用所学英语及表达、对所学内容主动复习和练习、制订简单的英语学习计划、对所学内容能主动复习并加以整理和归纳、经常与教师和同学交流学习体会、必要时借助母语知识理解英语。这些都是一些具体的学习习惯和学习方式、学习技巧。对于这类方式技巧，我们采取什么样的策略培训呢?主要是介绍示范。首先要让学生知道有这样的策略，或者让不太成功的学习者知道成功学习者经常采用这些策略，这是解释介绍。同时我们要示范，可以当场示范。比如说制订学习计划时，可以把其他同学的学习计划进行展示介绍，还可以请一部分同学向其他同学介绍他们的学习经验，这也是示范。再比如说“有效地借助母语理解英语知识”，这个是我们很熟悉的策略，不用示范学生也会做。

第三类是与语言技能相关的策略。这类策略有，语言表达时利用手势、表情;想象单词代表的物体的形状、颜色、味道，比如我们学习一个词汇的时候，学习一个表达法的时候，我们在听别人讲话的时候，我们都可能去想一想，他说的这个事情是什么东西，大概是什么形状;还有根据提示猜测单词的意思，利用图片等信息理解阅读我听到的内容。这一类策略主要通过示范和介绍来培训。当然这种学习策略的培训是很一个很复杂的过程，不像我们讲得这样简单。

最后我们强调几点，如果教师在课堂中渗透学习策略的训练的时候，应该注意几个问题。第一，学生的学习策略并不是整齐划一的，也就是说所有的学生，都可能采取不同的学习策略。不要希望，也更不能要求学生采取整齐划一的学习策略。不同学习者使用的策略有差异。学习策略是有差异的，主要是不同学习者他们采用的方式各有不同。第二，在不同阶段形成和使用策略也不同。这一条当然也是容易理解的。小学生、中学生、大学生，他们用的策略肯定不一样。初级学习者和中级学习者，高级学习者用的策略也不一样。所以要注意阶段性。第三，有一些策略是逐渐形成的，从简单到复杂，逐渐提高，也就是说，这些策略可能在初级阶段就有，中级阶段也有，高级阶段还有，但是呢，在不同阶段它们的内涵不一样，使用的频率不一样，使用的环境不一样，使用的目的可能也不一样。这些策略要逐渐形成，学生使用这些策略的能力，也是逐步地提高的。比如说猜测词义，小学生也可能猜测词义，中学生也可能猜测词义，就是大学生，也需要在阅读过程中猜测词义。第四，在实际学习过程中，策略的使用情况受学习目的和学习内容的影响。也就是说，策略本身可能具有普遍性，但是在具体的某个学习阶段，某个学习环节，学生使用的策略取决于学习目的和学习内容。

6. 学习策略使用情况的评估

为什么谈这个问题?因为我们要进行学习策略培训，首先要了解学生使用策略的情况，学生使用学习策略之后，我们也要对学习它使用的效率来进行评估。对学习策略使用情况评估一般包括以下几个方面。

第一，观察学生在学习活动中的行为表现。相当一大部分学习策略首先是学生采取的行动和步骤，其次是学生的认识。行动和步骤是可以观察的。教师可以在课堂上完成，也可以在课后完成，也可以通过学生之间的相互观察，还可以学生自己通过观察来完成。当然学生自己不能看见自己，但是可以通过自己的反思的方法进行后观察。

第二，分析学生的作业。有人说通过作业怎么能看出学生的学习策略呢?首先，通过学生作业我们可以了解学生在哪些方面学得比较好，哪些方面需要改进。这就间接地反映了他的学习策略。当然这里的学生作业是广义的，并不只是学生写的一篇作文，或者做的一道书面练习题，而是学生在课外课内做的各种各样的事情的集合。

第三，以小组形式交流讨论。我们可以通过师生小范围的座谈交流，或通过学生之间的交流，让他们相互介绍最近采取了什么样的策略，效果如何，等等。这都是小组的交流讨论。

第四，问卷调查或者叫自评表。目前的学习策略评估主要是通过问卷调查和自评表。