新年计划英语作文60词初二(合集20篇)

My Best Friend

Hello, everyone! My name is Xing Xiaoqing. You can call me Cherry.

I’m in Class 0506. Li Nan is my best friend. She’s thirteen years old. Her birthday is on 3rd October and she was born in Shen Zhen. She lives with her family in Haimen. She’s 1.60 metres tall. She has black hair and she wears glasses. She is very lovely and pretty.

She likes eating dumplings, chocolates, peanuts and vegetables. She dislikes pork, sweets and green tea.

She loves listening to music. She has lots of CDs. She likes reading and writing. She is the newest member of the Maths Club. She has many hobbies, such as dancing, running and playing computer games. Her favorite hobby is drawing, because she likes all the different colors. It is fun to look at the pictures when she finishes drawing them. The Dragon Boat Festival is her favorite day. She wants to be a doctor when she grows up.

We always have fun. We sit under the trees at lunchtime and have a good chat. Sometimes, we buy snacks from the tuck shop. On Sunday, we usually go to the bookshop. We often study together.

My best friend is really great!

We know it is difficult to learn English. My English is very good. I learn English like this.

I Listen to the teacher carefully and write the important points down on my notebooks. After class I revise the lessons. Before class I prepare new lessons to find out the questions. Then I will listen carefully in class.

I also listen to the tape, and speak English with my classmates in the classroom and on the playground. It’s to improve my listening and speaking.

I keep a diary every day to practise my written English.

Besides this, I often read English newspapers and magazines to enrich my knowlege on English culture.

We will learn English well so long as we learn it hard.

I will be at grade two of middle school this term, I have a new plan. I want to start running after school. I am not very tall, I want to do the exercise to grow tall. I plan to run two rounds of the runway on the playground every day, which will be eight hundred meters. I wish I can be taller this term. Running is good for health too, I like running.

我这个学期就要升初二了，我有一个新计划。我想开始放学后跑步。我不是很高，我想通过锻炼来让自己长高。我计划每天在操场的跑道上跑两天，那就是800米。我希望这学期我能长更高。跑步也有益健康，我喜欢跑步。

Nowadays, motorcycles are popular around us. They have become an important

means of transport in Chinese cities. Compared with the bike and the car, the

motorcycle has its own advantages. First, it is quite flexible. When there is a

traffic jam, it can go through the cars that are held up in the street. Besides,

it doesnt consume much petrol. Most important of all, it can carry another

person at the back. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also

apparent. To begin with, its very complicated to get qualified fur riding a

motorcycle. Youll have to go through a series of procedures to get a riding

license. Furthermore, the maintenance is expensive. Worst of all, it costs a big

sum of money to pay fur the license plate, especially in big cities.

In conclusion, it has both favorable and unfavorable aspects. However, if

the authorities concerned simplify the procedures and reduce the cost of the

license plate, the motorcycle will be accepted by more people.

Dear Tony,

This was you takes the pen pal to accompany me the 3rd year. I am very happy, has your accompanying in these three years. Under yours care, I realized the warm feeling. I to have you such pen pal to feel proud. In these three years, can and you shares mine some happy matters be my being honored. Thanks time which your for three years accompanied me to pass. I hoped that we can forever be the friends.

Yours

Lily

I will eat more fruit and green vegetables.Become fatter because somebody says that Im so thin.I want to lighten my backpack.I cant grow taller with that heavy bag.I want to read more books,but I wont become a bookworm.At last,I hope I can keep my resolutions this year.

时间过得好快呀,转眼间,20xx年一下就过去了,在我们不知不觉中,就迎来了20xx年。

20xx年12月31日的晚上，我和一些朋友一起去解放碑happy!在新年的钟声中迎接20xx年的到来。解放碑真是人山人海，想走进去都很难，迎接新年的人太多太多了。眼看，12点就快到了，我们大家齐心协力，好不容易才挤到了碑中间，等待新年的来临。咚```咚```新年的钟声敲响了，大家都虐诚的祈祷，都希望自己在新年能有好成绩，新年的钟声给我们带来了希望。

天亮后，我们一家人出去逛街，整个城市都充满了新年的气息，大街上仍然是人山人海，大家在元旦里都没有闲着，都出来逛逛街，买买东西。我们也走了许多家商店，商店里那些琳琅满目的商品，看得我眼花缭乱，真不知该买什么好，每样东西都那么漂亮，我真的不知道该怎么去下手好。大街上吃的也有，玩的也有，热闹极了，我们一家人一边吃，一边玩，非常高兴，这个元旦，算是过得非常开心的一年了。也是让我看到家乡巨大变化的一年。

新的一年，我也有新的打算了，我决定把所有的心思放在学习上，努力把书读好，去年就算是玩过去了，可是今年，我又长大了一岁，不会在像以前一样贪玩了，我会勤奋读书的。

这个元旦，吃也吃了，玩也玩了，这一年的计划也有了，就等着准备实现吧!新年新景象，20xx年，我也该有新的成绩，来回报自己和我的父母。

It is a fine day today. There are some clouds in the sky， but the sun is shining. Mr Jones is with his family. They are walking on the bridge. There are some boats on the river. Mr Jones and his wife are looking at them. Sally is looking at a big ship. The ship is going under the bridge. Tim is looking at an aeroplane. The aeroplane is flying over the river.

译文：

今天，天气晴朗，空中有少许云朵，天阳在照耀着。琼斯先生和他的家人在一起。她们在桥上走着，河面上有几艘小船，琼斯先生和他的夫人正看着它们，莎莉正看着一艘大船。它正从桥下经过。蒂姆在看着一架飞机，这架飞机正从河上空飞过。

[A Fine Day初二英语日记

i spent this summer vacation in quite a different way. i used to run about every day in previous  summer vacations， but this summer vacation i simply could not afford to do so. i would soon be in the last year of my high-school education and would after graduation be up against the college entrance examinations. though those examinations were still a year away， i had to start early to make myself well prepared by reviewing all those things i had learned at school and this summer vacation was the ideal time for me to do this. at first i was rather dismayed at the thought of this， but later i thought it was better this way because by working hard this summer i could count on  endless happy summers to e. with this in mind i then set to work like anything and only occasionally went out for a change or did some physical. i was not at all bored by this kind of life， for i was sustained by a hope.

Winter comes again, this is the third since I was in primary school winter vacation. Holiday that day, the teacher the assignment is more on the blackboard. For me, the teacher assigned winter vacation homework to complete or need a lot of time, because it is very difficult, and a lot of. Due to the winter vacation homework more, need reasonable arrange time to complete, so I made a plan for the winter vacation studying life.

My plan is this: every morning in the xinhua bookstore to buy of the "Chinese winter vacation homework" and "mathematics winter vacation homework each finish one page (two sides); For more than 30 minutes every morning time of extracurricular reading; Finished winter vacation homework in the morning and after reading the rest of the time free activities, you can watch TV, play computer games, etc. Noon lunch break after an hour of sleep, we finished the afternoon arrangement: adhere to write every afternoon a piece of calligraphy, learn an hour of computer application knowledge, after the read cooked a good article to read to the parents again. Finally is in before you go to bed after supper every day to write a diary: can write of what happened in your own comments, stories and substance, etc.; Before sleeping to delve into a really, finally under the exciting TV childrens hypnotic sleep - its not a good habit!

The above is my winter holiday life plan? My winter vacation plan is good! I finish my winter vacation homework should not only, also want to help mom and dad to do something, so mom and dad wont be happy, and it had to be meaningful. Finally, is close to the New Year, this is our important traditional festival of the Chinese nation, I am here to wish you all a happy and prosperous New Year.

寒假又来了，这是我上小学以来的第三个寒假。放假那天，老师在黑板上布置的作业比较多。对于我来说，老师布置的寒假作业要全部完成还是需要很多时间的，因为又是很难，又是很多。由于寒假作业比较多，需要合理的安排好时间才能完成，所以我制订了一个寒假学习生活计划。

我的计划是这样的：每天上午把在新华书店买的《语文寒假作业》和《数学寒假作业》各做完一页(两面);每天上午进行30分钟以上时间的课外阅读;上午做完寒假作业和课外阅读后剩下的时间自由活动，可以看看电视，玩玩电脑游戏等。中午午休睡一个小时后，就要完成下午的安排了：每天下午坚持写一张毛笔字，学一个小时的电脑应用知识，读熟一篇好文章后再读给家长听。最后是在每天晚饭后睡觉前写一篇日记：可以写发生的事情，自己的心得体会，心情故事和读后感等;睡觉前再钻研一道奥数题，最后枕着精彩的电视少儿节目催眠入睡——这可不是一个好习惯哦!

以上就是我的寒假生活计划，怎么样?我的寒假计划不错吧!我不仅要完成寒假作业，也要帮爸爸妈妈做一点事情，这样爸爸妈妈才会高兴，而且这样过得才有意义。最后，快要过年了，这是我们中华民族的重要传统节日，我在这里先祝大家心想事成，万事如意!

Everyone has a lot of dreams. Some people want to be rich, others want to be famous. I have a lot of dreams, too. When I was a young boy, I dreamed of becoming a scientist in future. However, I knew clearly that I could not succeed without efforts. So I studied hard in the middle school .In order to attain my goal .

Everyone has his own dream. In my mind, I think that having a dream means that we have a goal, and then we will do our best to come true it.

My dream is to become a successful doctor, helping those sick people and saving their lives. i know it is difficult to be a good doctor , but I will never give up and i will try my best to keep everyone health .When I have money in the future , I will help the poor sick people of our country. I want to let them have an opportunity to treatments for their illnesses without having to pay much or just enjoy them free.

暑假有来了。我很高兴我能忘掉学校至少一段时间。免得我我浪费了这个暑假,我做了一个计划如何度过我的暑假。首先,我认为我应该复习所有我的老师一学期教的那些东西,这样我就可以有更好的理解。然后我想我应该参加一些不同形式的运动,如散步、跑步划船、让我身体强壮。它的原看在这样的一个很好的计划,我应该好好利用我的休假。事实上我也这么做了,因此我没有辜负了我的计划。

How I Spent My Summer Vacation

The summer vacation had come round again. I was happy that I could forget about school at least for a while. Lest I fool around all through this summer vacation, I made a plan as to how to spend it. First, I thought I should go over all those things my teachers taught in the previous term so that I could have a better understanding of them. Then I thought I should take up some forms of exercise, such as walking, running rowing, to keep me physically strong. It stood to reason that with such a good plan I should make the best of my vacation time. I did, because I lived up to what I had planned.

The summer holiday is approaching. Our class have had a heat discussion about what to do during the vocation.

Some agree to staying at home. They think it’s convenient and comfortable. What’s better, they can save some money for some other purposes. But they will lose a chance to get to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for travelingbecause it can increase their knowledge and broaden their views. But it will take them more money and meet some more difficulties while traveling.

In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.

暑假即将来临。我们班有一个讨论热放假期间该做什么。

一些同意待在家里。他们认为这是方便和舒适。更好的是,他们可以节省一些钱用于其他目的。但是他们可能会失去一个机会去了解外面的世界。然而,另一些人喜欢出去旅游,因为它可以增加他们的知识和拓宽自己的视野。但需要更多的钱,旅行时遇到一些困难。

在我看来,这将是更好的呆在家里,因为我可以做我想做的事,如读书、看电视,并帮助我的父母做家务。

Chinese New Year starts with the New Moon on the first day of the new year and ends on the full moon 15 days later. The 15th day of the new year is called the Lantern Festival, which is celebrated at night with lantern displays and children carrying lanterns in a parade.

The Chinese calendar is based on a combination of lunar and solar movements. The lunar cycle is about 29.5 days. In order to "catch up" with the solar calendar the Chinese an extra month once every few years. This is the same as adding an extra day on leap year. This is why, according to the solar calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on a different date each year.

New Years Eve and New Years Day are celebrated as a family affair, a time of reunion and thanksgiving. The celebration was traditionally highlighted with a religious ceremony given in honor of Heaven and Earth, the gods of the household and the family ancestors.

The sacrifice to the ancestors, the most vital of all the rituals, united the living members with those who had passed away. Departed relatives are remembered with great respect because they were responsible for laying the foundations for the fortune and glory of the family.

The presence of the ancestors is acknowledged on New Years Eve with a dinner arranged for them at the family banquet table. The spirits of the ancestors, together with the living, celebrate the onset of the New Year as one great community. The communal feast called "surrounding the stove". It symbolizes family unity and honors the past and present generations

When I see the cartoon, I like to watch the cat machine very much, he has a time machine, he always helps his friend to fine something with time machine. The cartoon makes me think of what would I do if I have a time machine. If I have a time machine, the first thing I want to do is go back to the time when I play with my friend, he now moves to another place, I never say goodbye to him, I want to make it up and say goodbye to him. The second thing is I want to go back to the time when I shout at my mother, I regret about this all the time, I wish I had a chance to say sorry at that time. Now I have to face the truth that I will never have time machine, I should cherish the time and thing I own now, be nice to my mother.

当我看卡通片的时候，我很喜欢看机器猫，他有一台时光机，他总是用时光机来帮助他的朋友找到一些东西。这个卡通片让我想到了如果我也有一台时光机，我会做什么。如果我有一台时光机，第一件事做的就是回到我和朋友玩耍的时光，他现在已经搬到另外一个地方了，我没有和他道别，我想要补偿并道别。第二件事就是我想回到我反驳母亲的时光，我总是为此感到悔恨，我希望我那个时候有机会道别。现在我必须得面对现实，我不会拥有时光机，我应该珍惜现在是时间和所拥有的东西，对母亲友好。

Winter vacation is short holiday in learning life, in order to expand knowledge, improve accomplishment, I can fit about good friends go to the bookstore reading a book. And I think watching TV is a good opportunity to learn. I want to know the recent state affairs, see news. Across China, take a look at our country around the ethical amorous feelings; See the world, look around the world, learning artistic talent...

I also hope and students can safety for winter vacation, according to the safety check list one by one check, be careful when you set off firecrackers and fireworks. And, of course, also should share the housework for the family in the home, help my mother clean the floor, wipe the table, wash the dishes, cleaning... Easily for winter vacation, I will go to visit the museum of cultural relics, with my family go to the amusement park to play, to explore science and technology museum in the future, to the planetarium in the exploration of the universe... Study together with extracurricular knowledge of literature.

The world expo is coming, every one of us should learn knowledge, do contribution for the world expo. I will get some students into the society, common habit, do a civilized, moral good students. Civilization is as a little host should have the quality of the Shanghai expo, whether in any place, I will also remind others, do yourself. In the winter holiday, I will be better to meet the expo, with good manners in the face of domestic and foreign tourists, let they saw from Shanghai side.

I hope you can like me, also do a winter vacation plan, make the winter vacation life rich and colorful, make this year a bullish, have a good and pleasant winter holiday life.

寒假是学习生活中短暂的假期，为了扩展知识，提升修养，我可以抽空约好朋友一起去书城看书。而我也认为看电视是个学习的好机会。我要了解最近发生的国家大事，看新闻;走遍中国，看一看祖国各地的民族风情;增长见识，放眼世界，学习艺术才华……

我也希望和同学们能安全过寒假，根据安全检查表逐一检查，放鞭炮、烟火时要当心。当然，在家里也应该为家人分担家务，帮妈妈扫地、擦桌子、洗碗，整理房间……轻轻松松过寒假，我还会和家人去博物馆参观文物，去游乐园玩耍，去科技馆探索未来，去天文馆探索宇宙……一起学习课外的文学知识。

世博会即将来临，我们每一个人都应该学好知识，为世博会做贡献。我将召集部分同学走进社会，共同找陋习，做一个讲文明，讲道德的好学生。文明是作为上海世博会的小主人应有的品质，无论是在任何地点，我也会提醒他人，做好自己。在寒假，我会更好地迎接世博，以文明的举止面对国内外的游客，让他们看见上海人的一面。

希望大家也能像我一样，做一份寒假计划，使寒假生活丰富多彩，使这年牛气冲天，度过一个美好而又愉悦的寒假生活。

A Day to Remember

It was Sunday. Our teacher Mr Zhu led us to a park nearby.Usually we go to the park to spend our holiday. But today we went there to take part in voluntary labour.

We got there at nine oclock. Mr Zhu divided us into three groups and then we began working.

The students in Group One planted trees and watered flowers. The studentsin Group Two were busy collecting litter left by the tourist. They also cleaned the benches in the park. I was in Group Three. We went to the childrens playground and cleaned all the equipment there. We worked very hard.

At about eleven we finished working. We met at the gate of the park. We all felt tired but very happy.

初二英语作文：Beijing Opera

Now let me say something about Beijing Opera. Beijing Opera is very popular in China. It has a history of more than 200 years. During the reign of the Qianlong emperor in the Qing dynasty, Qianlong had a interest in the local opera. In 1790, to celebrate his eightieth birthday, he summoned opera troupes from different places to perform for him in Beijing. Four famous troupes from Anhui province remained in Beijing after the celebration. In 1828, A Hubei troupe came to Beijing and often performed together with the Anhui troupes. The two types of singing mixed together and gradually a new type came into being known as Beijing Opera. Now is the performance. I hope you will like it.

初二英语作文：Why Do We Study English?

English is one of the most widely used languages in the world. It is spoken by nearly three hundred million people： in England, the United States, Australia, Canada and many other countries. It is one of the working languages at international meetings and is more used than the others. It is said that 60 percent of the worlds radio broadcasts and 70 percent of the worlds mail are in English. Millions of books and magazines are written in English, too. English is really a bridge to knowledge. With the help of English we can learn modern science and technology faster and better form the developed countries. In this way we can serve our country better.

初二英语作文：Spring Festival

The Chinese New Year is called Spring Festival, it usually comes in February. There is a name for each year. It may be called the year of the dog or the year of the monkey. And this year is the year of the cock.

Before the Now Years Day, the Chinese people usually give their houses a general cleaning. On the last day of the old year, there is a big family dinner. All members of the family try to be present at the meal. On the first day of the new year, people go to visit their relatives and friends. As a rule, children are given some money to buy things they like.

People often have a good time during the Festival.

初二英语作文：How Cities Began

Do you know how cities began?

Long ago, the world had only a few thousand people. These people moved from place to place, hunting animals for food. No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives changed. They began to live near one another. And so the first villages grew. Many people came to work in the villages. The villages grew very big. From there the cities began. joozone.com

When machines came along, life in the villages changed again. Factories were built. More and more people lived near the factories. The cities grew very big.

初二英语作文：Early Rising

Early rising benefits us in many ways.

First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health.

Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly.

Third, it can enable us to plan our work for the day. We cannot work well without a proper plan. Early rising can also give us enough time to get ready for our work..

So we say that those who always get up late should make great effort to get up early.

学习策略指学生为了有效地学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的信念。学习策略对提高学生的学习效果、养成学习习惯以及培养终身学习能力具有重要意义。

1. 关于学习策略的背景

自20世纪70年代以来，外语教学研究有一个重要的转向，即从研究教师如何教转向学生如何学。在过去很长一段时间里，外语教学研究主要是研究教师如何教，产生了各种各样的教学方法。但是经过很多年的实验，认为教学方法固然重要，但是我们更需要了解学生如何学。所以从20世纪70年代开始，很多专家开始关注学生如何学习的研究。

在这个研究领域的一个重要问题，就是关于学习策略的研究。因此，学习策略成为第二语言学习的研究，成为外语教学研究的一个重要领域。经过四十多年的研究和实践，学习策略的研究已经从理论走向实践。我们说从理论走向实践，主要是指在20世纪70年代和80年代，主要研究关于学习策略的一些基本理论，比如说什么是学习策略，哪些因素影响学习策略，学习策略是如何培养的，以及各种不同的语言学习者所采用的学习策略。其中最早的人研究关于优秀语言学习者采取的策略和其他的语言学习者采取的策略有哪些不同。经过一二十年的研究，到了20世纪90年代的时候，学习策略研究逐渐地走向实践。所谓走向实践就是指在课堂教学中如何渗透学习策略，如何培养学生的学习策略。在这个背景下，学习策略已经成为语言教学实践领域的一个不可或缺的领域。所以在过去的三十多年里面，学习策略已经成为外语课程设计、教材编写、课堂教学的一个重要方面。很多国家和地区的外语教学大纲，或者外语课程标准，都把学习策略列为主要的课程目标之一。就我们了解的情况来看，从20世纪90年代到现在，大约二十多年的时间里面，很多国家在做外语课程改革的过程中，在重新制定教学大纲和课程标准的过程中，都把学习策略列为一个重要的领域。当然有的叫学习策略，有的可能还叫学习方法，或者有的地方有其他的名称。就我知道在香港制定的英语教学大纲，副标题就是learning how to learn，这里就是说强调学会如何学习，也就是学生在学校期间，学会如何学习。这在一定意义上可能比学习具体的知识，发展具体的语言技能更加重要。所以各个国家都非常重视学习策略使用能力的培养，或者说更广泛一些，就是自主学习能力和终身学习能力的培养。

2. 学习策略是英语课程的重要目标

我们国家在2001年制定的英语课程标准也把学习策略列为五个主要的课程目标之一。应该说，在十年前我们把学习策略列为课程目标是一个非常正确的举措。在当时也引起了广泛的关注。经过十多年的实践，大家对学习策略的了解更多。广大一线教师在课堂上实践学习策略的实践情况也越来越好。但是还是有一些认识不清楚的地方。

我们为什么要把学习策略列为课程的目标?十年前我们就这么做了，老师们也有一定的认识。但是现在还有一些模糊的认识。在这里我们再简单地研究一下学习策略的意义和价值。第一，大量的研究已经证明，学生使用学习策略能有效地提高英语学习的效果。从20世纪70年代开始，我们就在研究语言学习者的策略。主要的研究领域是使用学习策略比不使用学习策略效果更好。研究已经表明，不管是初级语言学习者，中级学习者，还是高级学习者，他们使用学习策略都对语言能力的提高有极大的促进作用。不仅是在西方国家，在西方以外的国家，也做过这样的实验。我们国家虽然起步晚一些，但是从20世纪80年代以来也有大量的研究，也证明了使用学习策略能够提高学习效果。就我看到的研究成果来看，有小学的，有中学的，也有大学的，有青少年的，也有成年人的，这一条应该是不可怀疑的。第二个原因是培养学习策略有利于实现个性化学习。什么叫个性化学习呢?就是我们每一个学习者都有自己的特点，有自己的学习目标，有自己的学习方式，有自己的学习方法，这就是个性化学习。既然每个学生，或者每个学习者都有自己的特点，那么他们采用的学习策略也应该是不一样的。由于个性学习的需求，我们每个人需要找到适合自己特点的学习方式，学习策略也正是对此能够有所帮助。因为学习策略实际上是每一个人根据自己的需要采取的策略。虽然说每一个人的策略不太一样，但是总体来讲，学习策略还是有规律的。所以我们在课程标准里面，在教材里面渗透学习策略，也能够帮助学习者逐渐地发展个性，具有个性化特点的学习方式、学习方法。第三，发展学习策略有利于学生形成自主学习和终身学习的能力。我们现在的教育非常强调自主学习和终身学习的能力。比如说香港地区，它特别强调在学校期间，学生要学会如何学习。终身学习能力也好，自主学习能力也好，它都建立在一定的学习方式、学习方法、学习策略的基础上。我们掌握了学习策略，就可能实现自主学习。也就是说，学生在没有教师的指导和帮助下，能够独立地学习，有了独立学习能力，或者自主学习能力，那么才有可能培养终身学习能力。所谓终身学习能力，就是说学生离开学校之后，进入社会、走向工作之后，还要继续学习，就是我们通常所说的“活到老，学到老”。这三者之间是密切联系的。学习策略的培养有利于形成自主学习能力，自主学习能力有利于形成终身学习能力。

3. 学习策略的定义

那么，到底什么是学习策略呢?或者具体来讲，就英语学科而言，究竟什么是英语学习策略?这里让我们看一看英语课程标准的定义。义务教育英语课程标准对学习策略的定义是这样的：“学习策略是指学生为了有效地学习和使用英语而采取的各种行动和步骤以及指导这些行动和步骤的信念。”应该说这个定义是比较全面的。在现有的文献中，关于学习策略的定义很多，有的很简单，有的很复杂，有的具有比较强的学术味道，有的比较通俗。考虑到课程标准这个文件的特殊性，我们既要使这个定义科学全面，同时也易于老师们理解，所以我们给出这样一个定义。在这个定义里面，我们希望老师们把握几个关键词。首先，这个定义中的关键词是“学生”，因为策略是学生在学习和使用英语过程中的策略，而不是教师，也不是其他人，所以我们要注意学生。这与学生的自主学习、终身学习是相关的，与学生的背景是相关的。学习策略研究的来源是从研究教师如何教转向学生如何学。也就是说，学生如何学是我们关注的重点。学习策略也是以学生为主体的，虽然我们强调教师在学习过程中的作用，但是学习策略主要是学生使用的策略。第二个关键词是“有效地学习和使用英语”，这里面其实又关系到三个关键词，“有效”、“学习”和“使用”。“有效”是指我们采取学习策略以后，我们的效率会更高一些。“学习”和“使用”语言，这里除了学习语言，还包括使用语言。老师们要注意，我们一般认为先学完英语，再去使用。其实这有点儿片面，学英语的过程，也是使用英语的过程。英语课程标准特别强调，在学习英语过程中要使用语言，同时强调在使用英语的过程中学习语言。所以我们这里特意强调学习策略。虽然在术语上讲叫学习策略，但是实际上它包括的意思是学习英语和使用英语的策略。第三个关键词是“行动和步骤”。对这两个词怎么理解呢?行动，可以是比较大的行动，也可以是微观的行动，步骤往往是比较微观的具体的做法。比如说我为了完成某一个事情，要采取某一个行动，这个可能是一个短期的，也可能是个长期的行动。步骤，就是我们做某件事情具体的程序，先做什么，再做什么。比如我们在阅读过程中，遇到生单词，我们可能去查词典，那么这就是一个小的行动。查词典本身有可能涉及很多小的步骤。比如关于词典的选择，查词典过程中，是查一个词全面的意思和用法，还是有选择性地了解这个词的用法，这都是一些小的步骤。第四个关键词是“信念”。策略可能是学生采取的行动和步骤，但同时也是信念，所以这个定义的最后一部分是“以及指导这些行为和步骤的信念”。信念就是思想，就是学习者对语言学习的一些看法、认识。我们每个人做任何事情都是有一定的思想前提的。也就是说，我们有什么样的想法，就可能采取什么样的行动。传统意义上的教学方法，一般是不包括行动后边的信念。学习策略则包括这样的信念。比如说，我认为学英语就需要大量的阅读，这就是一种信念，那么在这种信念的指导下，可能采取一些步骤和行动。因此，学习策略既包括学习者采取的具体的行动和步骤，同时也包括这些行动和步骤背后的信念。这是一个基本的定义，希望老师们在研究学习策略的时候，注意把握这个定义中的这几个关键词。

也许有些老师会问，学习策略和学习方法有没有区别。我也注意到，有的文献，包括我们国内出版的有关新课程的文献也经常提到，有的还专门阐述学习策略与学习方法之间的区别。虽然大家觉得这个区别并不重要，但是有的老师还是比较关心。这里我们简单地做一个讨论。通常学习策略是指学习者对学习的认识以及为提高学习效果而采取的步骤和行动。策略的概念比方法的概念更加全面，涵盖的内容更为丰富。传统意义的学习方法，就是做事情的一些具体的方式方法，包括技巧。当然这个方法在我们中国人的心里是一个广义的概念。它可以包括很具体的做法，也可以包括一种大的方法。但是一般情况下我们还认为方法就是做事情的方式、方法，但不包括信念、思想。学习策略是应该包括思想和信念的。所以说学习策略这个术语应该是比学习方法涵盖的内容更多一些。我们的课程标准之所以没有采用“学习方法”这个术语，而采用“学习策略”这个术语，第一是希望这个术语能够涵盖更多的内容，第二个也是与国际现有的学术文献，以及其他各个国家课程改革相关的内容接轨。据我们了解的情况，很多国家和地区都采用了“学习策略”这个术语。第三，应该指出的是，传统意义的学习方法也都属于学习策略，但是有些学习策略则可能不属于方法。比如刚才提到的，学习英语需要大量阅读这就是个信念，是一个策略，那么这个信念恐怕就不能叫方法。

为了使各位老师更加清楚地理解方法和策略的区别，我们再举一些例子请大家来看一看。我给大家呈现的这些陈述，到底是方法呢，还是策略呢?

1.每天早晨朗读课文。

2.应该通过大量阅读来增加词汇量。

3.根据阶段学习情况调整学习计划。

4.注意寻求各种英语实践机会。

5.在英语角主动与人交谈。

6.学单词时想象单词代表的物体的形状。

7.注意收集各种英语资料。

8.把新学的单词抄在笔记本里。

“每天早晨朗读课文”这是一个策略，还是一个方法呢?显然，很多老师会说，我们觉得这个是策略，也是方法。因为按照现在策略的定义，所有的方法都可以叫做策略。“应该通过大量阅读来增加词汇量”，这个是传统意义的方法呢，还是我们现在说的学习策略呢?根据我们刚才的分析，这句话算一个信念或者算一个思想。因为它认为应该通过大量的阅读来提高词汇量，关键是这个陈述里面有一个“应该”这个词，这就是一种思想，那么这种思想是一个学习策略。它本身并不是一个做事情的方式、方法，但是这句话所表达的含义可能影响我们做事情，影响我们做事情的方式方法，所以可以说是一个策略。第三个“根据阶段学习情况调整学习计划”，这个肯定是策略，同时也可以说是方法。传统意义的学习方法也包括做计划、注意寻求各种英语实践机会，它是注意寻求机会，并不是说真正的用英语实践，它是一种思想、一种态度，所以我们认为这个是策略。还有“在英语角主动与人交谈”，这个和第四个非常接近，应该也是学习策略。第六个，“学单词时想象单词所代表的固体的形状”。我们学习苹果apple这个词的时候，同时想一想apple代表的具体的物体，比如说它的形状、颜色、味道等，这毫无疑问是传统意义的学习方法，也是学习策略。第七个，“注意收集各种英语资料”，这个和第四和第五个是一样的，对“注意收集各种资料”有两种理解。一种是自己经常收集学习资料，可以说是具体的行为，同时也可能说是一种态度，比如说我“注意”，文中的注意表示重视，这也是一种思想，也是一种理念，这个应该是学习策略。第八个，“把新学的单词抄在笔记本里”，这是我们大家非常熟悉的一个学习行为，毫无疑问是学习方法，同时也是学习策略，但是这是一个比较微观的学习策略。我们从刚才举的这八个例子可以看到，学习策略与学习方法非常接近，但也有一些细微的差异。总体来讲，策略涵盖的内容可能更多一些。

4. 学习策略的分类

英语学习策略分类是学习策略研究的一个重要领域，也是现在的一个难题。之所以是一个难题，是因为分类的标准是多样的，不同的标准就会导致不同的类别。这里我给大家介绍几个常用的分类标准和常用的分类框架。对事物进行分类能够增进我们对事物的理解。如果很多事物堆在一起不分类，杂乱无章，我们看不出它们的规律，或者规律看得不够清楚。所以我们经常要对事物进行分类。

首先根据策略与认知过程的关系进行分类，那么这个分类标准就是策略与认知过程的关系。什么叫认知过程呢，认知过程就是我们人类认知周围世界的过程。由于我们认知事物的过程是多种多样的，或者是变化的，那么我们采取的策略也是不一样的。根据这个标准，我们把学习策略分为四大类：

第一类是认知策略。什么叫认知策略，就是我们认知事物的过程中采取的策略，也就是说，当我们人类在认知一个事情的时候，采取的角度和方式。比如说，我为了更好地记住某个事物的形状，颜色特征等，用一个具体的方式来加深印象，这就是认知策略。第二类是元认知策略。当然元认知策略这个术语本身学术成分比较高，很多老师不太欣赏，所以我们在课程标准里面有意回避了这个术语。但是这里我们还希望老师们能够理解。所谓的“元”，就是在原来的基础之上，提高了一个层次，那么原认知就是对认知本身的认知。比如说有一个方法，我就让他们做，但是我不去思考这个方法本身的效果，以及方法本身的科学性。假如某一天，我们对这个方法的效果产生怀疑，我们反思这些方法的使用情况以及这一方法的使用效率，这就是元认知。换句话说，对认知本身的认知。又比如说通过阅读来提高词汇量，这既是一个认知过程，也是一个学习过程，那么这个过程本身怎么样，它的价值如何，这可能需要从另外一个层面进行认知。如果我认为通过大量的阅读提高词汇量是很科学的，这就是对这个行为本身的一个评价，这个评价就是一个认知。基于这样的认知，基于这样的语言认知的策略或者思想，就叫元认知策略。

在这里再举两个例子说明认知策略和元认知策略的区别。我们在学单词的时候，为了更好地记住这些词，或者了解、把握这些词的意思和用法，往往采取把单词按词性进行分类的策略，这个分类过程就是认知过程，这个策略就是认知策略。那么什么叫元认知策略呢?我认为把单词按词性进行分类有利于加深记忆，这就是元认知。把单词按词性分类是一个具体的做法，是一个思想，是一个认知策略，我们又对这个认知策略进行“认知”，通过观察、实验，我们认识到这样做有利于加深对单词的记忆，也许另外有人认为它不利于加深单词的记忆，甚至有人认为，这样分类不利于理解单词，这也是一种思想，这也是一种策略。对策略进行认知的策略这就是元认知策略。如果老师们对它们之间的差别理解得很含糊的话，问题也不太大，因为这个定义的区别主要在学术界，与我们一般老师解释关系不是很大。

第三个是情感策略。我们很多老师对这个策略比较陌生。情感策略是什么呢?就是在学习过程中调整、调控、控制自己情绪情感的策略。人有丰富的情绪情感，外语学习者在学习过程中有很多情绪，那么这些情绪有积极的，有消极的，它们直接或间接地影响学习过程。紧张、焦虑是情感，高兴、动机、兴趣等也是情感。这些情感是积极的。我们如何尽量保持积极的情感，尽量控制消极的情感，这就需要采取策略，这就是情感策略。

第四类叫交际策略。交际策略就是在使用语言过程中，为了提高交际的效果，为了克服交际困难而采取的策略。我们在学单词mood的时候，mood这个词本身表示情绪，四个字母，mood。有的学习者为了对这些词理解得更深刻，记忆得更深刻，在写这个词的时候，故意把中间这两个字母o，写成两个人脸的形状，一个是高兴的表情，一个是沮丧的表情，那么这两个表情就能代表这个单词部分的含义，mood情绪的变化。有的学生通过这样做，对这个词本身的含义就加深了理解，这就是一个情感策略。

第二种分类方法是根据策略里语言学习领域的关系进行分类。语言学习领域包括很多子领域，比如说语音学习、语法学习、听力训练、口语训练、阅读训练等，按照这个角度可以把学习策略分为以下这些类别：听力训练策略、口语训练策略、阅读理解策略、写作训练策略、语感学习策略、词汇学习策略等。

第三种分类方法是根据策略使用者进行分类。有初学者，中级学习者和高级学习者，有成功学习者和不太成功的学习者，如果根据学习策略使用对象的背景进行分类，可以分成成功学习者与不太成功者的学习策略。这实际上是学习策略研究最早的一种分类方式。因为当时较多地研究成功学习者学习策略，用于指导不太成功的学习者。还可以分成初级学习者与高级学习者的策略。初级学习者不一定从年龄角度分，可能是从语言学习的水平，或者是阶段来分的。显然初级学习者和高级学习者采用的策略是不一样的。当然学习者本身不存在高级和初级的问题，而是指他们的学习水平。

5. 学习策略使用能力的培养

学习策略使用能力的培训也是课程标准非常强调的。学习策略使用能力是后天发展的，不是天生的，它的发展需要学生自己努力，同时也需要教师的指导，还需要同伴的帮助。学习策略能力发展的过程也比较复杂。根据过去几十年的研究，有的学生可能发展得快一些，有的则很慢，有的发展得比较有效，有的虽然经过努力，仍然不能有效地成为学习策略。所以关于学习策略的培训就成为值得大家思考的问题。这里谈关于学习策略使用能力培养的几个关键问题。

第一，有些策略属于认识或意识，对于这样的策略，主要通过引导和潜移默化的方式进行训练。一个人做某件事情，他肯定是有一些思想的，我们把这个思想叫认识，或者叫意识。认识和意识是人主动形成的，而且不易在短时间内改变。认识和意识往往还是看不见、摸不着的。这类策略有：积极与其他同学合作、注意听教师的指令、表达时不怕犯错误、在交际中注意到中外交际习俗的差异、积极参与课内外英语学习活动、积极培养对英语的好奇心等。这一类策略的特点就是都有认识或者意识在里面，有一些可能是具体性的，但是大多数都是关于一种想法的。这类策略应该如何培训呢?应该是解释、引导、鼓励，所谓解释，就是让学生知识这些策略的价值、策略的内涵;引导就是鼓励学生朝这些方向努力，鼓励学生形成这种认识;鼓励学生去努力去尝试，鼓励学生在这些思想的指导下，采取具体的行动。

第二，有些策略属于学习习惯、学习方式、学习方法和学习技巧。对于这一类策略可以通过介绍、示范等方式，鼓励学生大胆尝试。因为这一类策略比较具体，老师可以示范，学生可以模仿，老师还可以观察。有些策略与语言技能的训练密切相关，那么这类策略最好与具体的语言学习活动结合起来。在某种意义上讲，听力策略、阅读策略是一种听力技能和阅读技能。比如说，在阅读过程中，根据上面的内容猜测词义就是一个策略。它既是一个学习策略，也是一个阅读技巧。这一类的策略最好和具体的语言教学活动结合起来。这类策略有积极尝试、使用所学英语及表达、对所学内容主动复习和练习、制订简单的英语学习计划、对所学内容能主动复习并加以整理和归纳、经常与教师和同学交流学习体会、必要时借助母语知识理解英语。这些都是一些具体的学习习惯和学习方式、学习技巧。对于这类方式技巧，我们采取什么样的策略培训呢?主要是介绍示范。首先要让学生知道有这样的策略，或者让不太成功的学习者知道成功学习者经常采用这些策略，这是解释介绍。同时我们要示范，可以当场示范。比如说制订学习计划时，可以把其他同学的学习计划进行展示介绍，还可以请一部分同学向其他同学介绍他们的学习经验，这也是示范。再比如说“有效地借助母语理解英语知识”，这个是我们很熟悉的策略，不用示范学生也会做。

第三类是与语言技能相关的策略。这类策略有，语言表达时利用手势、表情;想象单词代表的物体的形状、颜色、味道，比如我们学习一个词汇的时候，学习一个表达法的时候，我们在听别人讲话的时候，我们都可能去想一想，他说的这个事情是什么东西，大概是什么形状;还有根据提示猜测单词的意思，利用图片等信息理解阅读我听到的内容。这一类策略主要通过示范和介绍来培训。当然这种学习策略的培训是很一个很复杂的过程，不像我们讲得这样简单。

最后我们强调几点，如果教师在课堂中渗透学习策略的训练的时候，应该注意几个问题。第一，学生的学习策略并不是整齐划一的，也就是说所有的学生，都可能采取不同的学习策略。不要希望，也更不能要求学生采取整齐划一的学习策略。不同学习者使用的策略有差异。学习策略是有差异的，主要是不同学习者他们采用的方式各有不同。第二，在不同阶段形成和使用策略也不同。这一条当然也是容易理解的。小学生、中学生、大学生，他们用的策略肯定不一样。初级学习者和中级学习者，高级学习者用的策略也不一样。所以要注意阶段性。第三，有一些策略是逐渐形成的，从简单到复杂，逐渐提高，也就是说，这些策略可能在初级阶段就有，中级阶段也有，高级阶段还有，但是呢，在不同阶段它们的内涵不一样，使用的频率不一样，使用的环境不一样，使用的目的可能也不一样。这些策略要逐渐形成，学生使用这些策略的能力，也是逐步地提高的。比如说猜测词义，小学生也可能猜测词义，中学生也可能猜测词义，就是大学生，也需要在阅读过程中猜测词义。第四，在实际学习过程中，策略的使用情况受学习目的和学习内容的影响。也就是说，策略本身可能具有普遍性，但是在具体的某个学习阶段，某个学习环节，学生使用的策略取决于学习目的和学习内容。

6. 学习策略使用情况的评估

为什么谈这个问题?因为我们要进行学习策略培训，首先要了解学生使用策略的情况，学生使用学习策略之后，我们也要对学习它使用的效率来进行评估。对学习策略使用情况评估一般包括以下几个方面。

第一，观察学生在学习活动中的行为表现。相当一大部分学习策略首先是学生采取的行动和步骤，其次是学生的认识。行动和步骤是可以观察的。教师可以在课堂上完成，也可以在课后完成，也可以通过学生之间的相互观察，还可以学生自己通过观察来完成。当然学生自己不能看见自己，但是可以通过自己的反思的方法进行后观察。

第二，分析学生的作业。有人说通过作业怎么能看出学生的学习策略呢?首先，通过学生作业我们可以了解学生在哪些方面学得比较好，哪些方面需要改进。这就间接地反映了他的学习策略。当然这里的学生作业是广义的，并不只是学生写的一篇作文，或者做的一道书面练习题，而是学生在课外课内做的各种各样的事情的集合。

第三，以小组形式交流讨论。我们可以通过师生小范围的座谈交流，或通过学生之间的交流，让他们相互介绍最近采取了什么样的策略，效果如何，等等。这都是小组的交流讨论。

第四，问卷调查或者叫自评表。目前的学习策略评估主要是通过问卷调查和自评表。

Next year, Im going to get lots of exercise. Because I think Im not very healthy now. Im going to run more to keep fit. And Im going to eat more vegetables, too. Im going to try to eat less junk food and eat more healthy food, like fruit. Im going to study harder in school next year. Im going to listen to teachers carefully in class and finish my homework better and more quickly every day. And Im going to make more friends. At home, Im going to help my mom do the dishes and take out the trash. Im going to sweep the floor and make my bed. I heard that Shanghai is a very interesting place, so I m going to have a trip to Shanghai. These are my New Years Resolutions.

致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。下面是小编给大家整理的鸡年春节拜年祝福语的内容，欢迎大家查看。

May the joy and happiness around you today and always.

愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。

Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.

请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。

Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.

恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。

Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.

恭贺新禧，万事如意。

With very best wishes for your happiness in the New Year.

致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。

Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.

请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。

I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year.

谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。

With the compliments of the season.

祝贺佳节。

May the seasons joy fill you all the year round.

愿节日的愉快伴你一生。

Seasons greetings and best wishes for the New Year.

祝福您，新年快乐。

Please accept my seasons greetings.

请接受我节日的祝贺。

To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you.

恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。

Good health, good luck and much happiness throughout the year.

恭祝健康、幸运，新年快乐。

May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.

愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。

Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.

请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。

Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.

恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。

Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.

恭贺新禧，万事如意。

With very best wishes for your happiness in the New Year.

致以最良好的祝福，原你新年快乐幸福。

Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.

请接受我们对你及你全家的美好祝福，祝你们新年快乐。

May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace.

愿新年为你带来快乐，友爱和宁静。

Wishing you happiness during the holidays and throughout the New Year.

祝节日快乐，新年幸福。

A happy New Year to you.

恭贺新年。

Good luck, good health, hood cheer. I wish you a happy New Year.

祝好运、健康、佳肴伴你度过一个快乐新年。

With best wishes for a happy New Year!

祝新年快乐，并致以良好的祝福。

I hope you have a most happy and prosperous New Year.

谨祝新年快乐幸福，大吉大利。

With the compliments of the season.

祝贺佳节。

May the season"s joy fill you all the year round.

愿节日的愉快伴你一生。

Season"s greetings and best wishes for the New Year.

祝福您，新年快乐。

To wish you joy at this holy season. Wishing every happiness will always be with you.

恭祝新年吉祥，幸福和欢乐与你同在。

May the joy and happiness around you today and always.

愿快乐幸福永伴你左右。

Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year. I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.

请接受我诚挚的新年祝福，顺祝身体健康。

Seasons greetings and sincere wishes for a bright and happy New Year!

献上节日的问候与祝福,愿你拥有一个充满生机和欢乐的新年。

I give you endless brand-new good wishes. Please accept them as a new remembrance of our lasting friendship.

给你我无尽的新的祝福，让它们成为我们永恒友谊的新的纪念。

Good luck and great success in the coming New Year.

祝来年好运，并取得更大的成就。

On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your career greater success and your family happiness.

在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。

Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.

恭贺新禧，祝身体健康、事业发达。

旅行计划英语作文50词一：Traveling to Dalian

Summer holidday is coming.I have a good plan for it.My best friend Tony who is from Britain will spend the holiday with mw.Tom is 17 years old ,he like China very much.One week ago,I wrote him a letter,inviting him to come to Dalian for the holidays.Tony has accepted my invitation and will fly to Dalian next week.I will go to the airport to pick him up.Then well show him around the city.Well go to the beach to watch the sea first.Then well visit some insteresing places.Tony will live in my house during the holiday.I hope well have a good time.

旅行计划英语作文50词二：My travel plans

Hello,everyone!My name is Sun Yumeng.I am ten years old.I have a-month holiday every summer.It starts in August. During this summer holidy,I went to Shan Xi by car with my parents.Shan Xi is a

beautiful place!There are many mountains ,trees and flowers.I like Shan Xi very much!

We had a good time in Shan Xi.

旅行计划英语作文50词三：My traveling plan

I hope to go on a trip to Beijing,but my mother always tells me "you cant".She thinks I am too young to go to Beijing,and I am too busy at school.This term is over,To my surprise,my mother will take me to Beijing.I am very excited!Then I have a traveing plan for this trip:firstly I will go to the tiananmen square,I will take many pictures,then I am going to the palace museum,I can see many old builds there.secondly,I am goingto the wangfujing street,we will buy many things,for example,foods,clothes and some books.then I will go home. I think I will have a great trip to Beijing.

旅行计划英语作文50词四：My travel plans

My travel plans are many, I tell you my favorite travel plan, is go to huang shan to play. First I by cable car to light top, on their way to see the beautiful scenery.

When I top down from the light is not choose by cable car, but choose to walk down the mountain. Because in the way I can enjoy the beautiful scenery, and streams than who run fast. Though very tired, but I can enjoy the beautiful scenery.