初中英语说明文写作模板【经典20篇】

6月是毕业季，以下是小编整理的关于初中毕业典礼英语作文，欢迎阅读。

Good morning,my dear teachers and schoolmates,

It’s a great honor for me to make a speech on behalf of the graduating classes.

How time flies! Our junior high school lives will come to an end.

In the past three years, we’ve had a beautiful school and it provides us with a good study place. Teachers are our friends. They’ve given us interesting lessons and we all love them.

We’ve learned a lot from them, not only knowledge but also the way to solve problems in life. Thanks for our teachers’ training, parents’ support and the help from classmates. Without them, we couldn’t have so much wonderful time.

At last, we hope our school will become better, our teachers will be healthy for ever and all our dreams will come true.

Thank you .

【译文】

早上好，我亲爱的老师和同学们，

能代表毕业班作演讲，我感到非常荣幸。

时间过得真快!我们的初中生活就要结束了。

在过去的三年中，我们有一所美丽的学校，它为我们提供了一个学习的好地方。老师是我们的朋友。他们给我们上了有趣的课，我们都很喜欢。

我们从中学到了很多东西，不仅是知识，而且是解决生活中问题的方法。感谢老师的培训、家长的支持和同学们的帮助。没有他们，我们就不会有那么多美好的时光。

最后，我们希望我们的学校会变得更好，我们的老师将永远健康，我们所有的梦想都会成真。

谢谢。

My favorite cartoon film is "Kung Fu Panda".Because its very funny and

interesting.The story was great and the background was beautiful, it really felt

like an ancient Chinese city.So many people like it.In this cartoon movie the

character who I most like is the panda Arab League valuable.Because it not only

unusual lovable and annoys the human to like, moreover is this cartoon movies

lead .But I did not deny that other roles also very much annoy the affection,

for example tigress (Angelina Jolie), viper (Lucy Liu), praying mantis (Seth

Rogen), hoist crane (David cross) and monkey (Jackie Chan).I from this cartoon

movie middle school: Each people have the merit and the shortcoming, perhaps you

only know your shortcoming, so long as but you look diligently, also will

discover that oneself will have the merit.

星期天(Sunday)

Today is Sunday, I and father and mother, the grandfather grandmother, grandfather paternal grandmother arrives the park to play together.

In the park person may really many!

We bid good-bye among the park.I go to the ice skating, the daddy and mother ride the skiff to swim the park, the grandfather grandmother and grandfather paternal grandmother go to the square to sing the Guangdong tune, to play the primal chaos separately, dance and take a walk.

Today, is most joyful one day! I love Sunday!

星期天

今天是星期天，我和爸爸妈妈、外公外婆、爷爷奶奶一起到公园去玩。

公园里的人可真多啊！

我们到了公园就各找自己的爱好了。我去溜冰，爸爸和妈妈去乘坐小艇游遍公园，外公外婆和爷爷奶奶分别去广场唱粤曲、耍太极、跳舞和散步。

今天，是最快乐的一天！我爱星期天！

[初中英语作文：星期天

Since I started my major in the tea culture of ChinaI have been deeply

impressed by its sophistication and beauty.I would like to share some

fascinating aspects of the tea culture of China.

In a country with the history of five thousand yearsthe Chinese tea

drinking habit dated back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907AD).It became a national

tradition and led to development of a delicate tea drinking ritual.Over the

centuriespoets and artists in China wrote many marvelous masterpiecesin

appreciation of tea and Chinese people’s constant love of tea drinking .One of

the best-known writers is Lu Yuwho was regarded as the “Tea Sage ” for he

composed the first book on tea.In his classic bookhe detailed his studies of

teasuch as the origin of teatea toolstea pickingtea cookingtea ceremony and

well-known areas where tea was grown.And the valuable knowledge he recorded has

laid foundation for modern tea culture development.

based on ways in which tea leaves are processedthere are five distinct

types of tea.They are as follow:the green teathe black teathe Wulong teathe

compressed tea and the scented tea.Among themmay foreigners are familiar with

the green tea.The Longjing teaof the green typehas a reputation.

In the old China, people were seduced by opium and many people had ruined

their lives. Today, China becomes stronger and opium has become the history, but

the new type drug catches peoples attention all the time. When we walk around

the street, we can find that most people are lowering their heads and playing

smart phone. Smart phone has been the new drug for people, especially for young

generation. They play it for such a long time that their body health is under

threat. The news has reported many incidents of people feel uncomfortable after

playing mobile phones for a long time. We need to use mobile phone in the proper

way, or we will get into trouble.

The tomb-sweeping day as a holiday, are different from pure solar terms.

Solar term is a sign of phenology change, seasonal order in China, and it is

more a festival of custom activities and some memorable.

Tomb-sweeping day is Chinas traditional festival, is also the most

important memory of ancestors and the grave. This grave to commemorate the dead

mans a kind of activity. The han nationality and some minority are mostly in

the tombs. Grave, people to carry goods such as especially fruit, paper money to

the grave, will be food for offering in the family tomb, to use paper money on

fire new soil up to the grave, fold a few branches pale green branches ed in the

grave, and then kowtow worship salute, finally eat especially home. The tang

dynasty poet tu mus poem "qingming" : "rains fall heavily as qingming comes,

and passers-by with lowered spirits go. Restaurant where? Boy pointed apricot

blossom village." Write the ching Ming festival special atmosphere.

Ching Ming festival, also called TaQingJie, according to the solar calendar

for, it is in every year on April 4 to 6, between, it is beautiful spring

scenery spring-out of season, also is a good time to people spring outing, so

the ancients had qingming outing, and carry out a series of customs sports

activities.

Until today, tomb-sweeping day ancestor worship, mourning the late

relatives customs still prevail.

My dream is to study abroad in the future. I am always that kind of life can come true soon. But, before I realize my dream, I have to do some preparation. I think the most important thing I need to do first is to adapt the life there.

It is said that there is a big difference between the eastern and western culture.

If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture conflict. It will put me into an embarrass place. For example, dragon is the leader for all animals and it has holy good meaning in china. But it means violence in the western country.

I need to learn as much the cultural conflicts as possible to make my oversea life become easier.

我的梦想是以后可以去留学。我总是希望那样的生活能早日成真。但是，在实现梦想之前，我得做一些准备工作。我想我首先需要做的是适应那里的生活。据说东西方文化是有差异的。如果我什么都不知道，很容易发生文化冲突。这会置我于一个尴尬的地方。例如，龙是在中国是万兽之王，有着无比神圣的意义。但是在西方国家则是暴力的象征。我要尽量了解的文化冲突，这样我的留学生活才会变得更简单。

[初中英语作文：东西方文化差异

Frame, again to the winter vacation, our winter vacation life rich and colorful, I went to my grandmas favorite winter holiday, my grandmas yard is very big, there are evergreen camphor tree, there are beautiful chrysanthemum, there is a very quiet this season is the big turtle hibernation, the most to the earth, that which kinds of vegetable s, if point of snow is better to play again, but this holiday not snow, but Im not lost, there is so much mud, I can play together and sister mud, do play "ceramic".

Although it is winter, but it doesnt feel cold, we are happy to prepare, small shovel, wood, water. We first caught a big put dirt, prepared the wood, and together with a small amount of water, we were mixed with two small pieces of wood, but it is not only trouble but also slow, so we cut out mixed up with the hand, make both of our hands red with cold, also dirty, but is permeated with a smile of joy on his face. I accidentally put mud on the face, the elder sister smile I was a big cat.

对于考研英语的应用文写作来说，考生平时复习时不仅要注意应用文写作特点、格式要求，还要有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。考研辅导专家建议广大考生不要简单认为应用文的复习就是复习相应的格式，格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求，除了应用文特定的格式外，还要背诵一些经典的套话，在平时的写作训练中培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。下面，我们就针对应用文写作中的私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告几种形式介绍一下写作技巧。

一、私人和公务信函

信函是很重要的一种应用文。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情，是四级考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常见的一种信函，研究生英语考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常考的是公共信函。所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。

信函一般都是由写信时间、信内地址、称呼、信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写，姓名写在地址上面，地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼，信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如：sincerelyyours,faithfullyyours或者yourssincerely,yoursfaithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。

正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人，因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则，不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。

二、备忘录

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语，和署名，备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的？写给谁？什么事？并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

三、摘要

接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种，一种是文章摘要，一种是论文摘要。

文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要，文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括，内容上要涵盖全文，语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文，弄懂文章大意；摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致；摘要应该简明扼要，字数在规定的字数范围内；摘要最好不要照搬原文，应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点；并且注意千万不要照抄，也千万不要评论，只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。

第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文，硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程，多采用一般过去时；说明某课题现已取得的成果，宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型，比如表示研究目的，可以用Inorderto……Thispaperdescribes……Thepurposeofthisstudyis……，表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用Theauthors[suggest/conclude/consider]that……。

四、报告

最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括，与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同，读书报告也要注意时态，比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试(专业课历年考研试卷)的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间？谁写的？写给谁？什么事？

当然，应用文写作能力的提高必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在复习阶段，首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文，要整段整段的背，不仅是背会而且要脱口而出，并且转换成自己的语言，写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章，多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查，看有无语法错误，有无用词不当，能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思，可以让同学帮忙检查，让同学提一些宝贵的意见和建议。总的来说，虽然大家对应用文的写作还比较陌生，但是只要认真对待，只要花时间背范文了，花时间写文章了，就一定能取得理想成绩。

“Score is not equal to knowledge,” my head teacher always keeps telling me this, because he wants us to master all the knowledge we need to understand. I do not put his word in mind, because in my heart, score comes the first.

One day, chemistry teacher taught us some knowledge and then asked us to finish a paper test.

Whoever passed the text can do the experiment. I got a high mark by guessing.

I was very happy, but tragedy happened. I made a small explosion by not mastering the knowledge. I was scared and finally understood the sentence,” Score is not Equal to Knowledge.”

“分数并不等于知识，”班主任对我说，因为他希望我们能够掌握所有需要了解的知识。我并没有把他的话放心上，因为我觉得分数是最重要的。有一天，老师教了我们一些知识，然后就让我们考试。只要通过了考试才能去做实验。我瞎猜猜得了很高分。我很高兴，但是悲剧也就发生了。因为知识不牢固而导致了一个小爆炸。我被吓到了，也终于明白了那句话，“分数并不等于知识。”

[初中英语作文：分数并不等于知识

Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind

others. As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him.

Firstly, I think its very important for him to learn lessons well. He

should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly,

I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health,

especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him

after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer

games. And then Ill ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will

try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun

ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, Ill ask both his

parents and our teachers to help him, too.

If I try these, Im sure he will make great progress soon.

This is my first impression of Mr.Lu Xun.He was "Head-bowed as a willing

ox" day and night to change the destiny of the nation rather busy.Frail,he was

literary giant.Mr.Lu Xun humor,and no lack of cordial.He hated the dark as the

devil,but a lot of the benefit of others,to play down their own.In my opinion,he

is ordinary and great people!There is a sub-heat,made a spectrophotometry."Mr.Lu

Xun,Lu Xun article will always be the history of Chinas most dazzling bright

light.

Where possible, reduce the use of "which," "who" "that" "whom" "whether... or not" etc.

少用关系代词

学会运用关系代词是你学习英文过程中的一个重要的阶段。学会少用它们则表明你取得了更大的进步。在校对你的作品时，仔细检查一下所有的which’s, who’s that’s和whom’s是否必要。删除不必要的关系代词会使你的文章更精彩。

Example:

Unnecessary: It is a truth that is universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

(用两个 that’s，读起来很别扭)

Better: It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

-- Jane Austin

注：被动语态修饰的名词通常不须用关系代词。

Unnecessary: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, which was built with American assistance.

Improved: In 1970 India dedicated a nuclear power plant near Bombay, built with American assistance.

Unnecessary: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation which was undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Improved: During this period, Churchill spoke for a nation undivided and curiously happy, as it has never been in my lifetime, before or since.

Unnecessary: Justice theories have a long tradition, which goes back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Improved: Justice theories have a long tradition, going back to Plato and Aristotle in the 5th century B.C.

Unnecessary: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million that she made by tap dancing which made her famous in the movies.

Improved: Shirley Temple’s father blew nearly the entire $3 million she made tap dancing her way to fame in the movies.

Unnecessary: We told them they were the victims who deserved sympathy the most.

Improved: We told them they were the victims, most deserving of sympathy.

Unnecessary: Only a person who is oblivious* to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Better: Only a person oblivious to the facts of modern life would doubt the need of vocational education today.

Unnecessary: Not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea, whether it contains caffeine or not.

Better: With or without caffeine, not everyone in North America likes the taste of green tea.

Unnecessary: Usually the Washington family married people who were socially better off than themselves, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Better: Usually the Washingtons married their social betters, but the second marriage of George’s father was an exception.

Unnecessary: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach the person to whom the letter is addressed.

Better: In some instances, a letter can take ten days by air and six to eight weeks by ship to reach its intended receiver.

I have studied in my middle school for three years.My life in middle school

is rich and I have learned a lot. I get knowledge from text books as well as

from extra curricular activities. I studied hard in the past three years so that

I got perfect scores. But, I also attach importance to other aspects, such as

making friends, hobbies, health and sports. I build good relationships with my

classmates. They become an important part of my life.I like to chat with them

after class that makes me relax and comfortable. My hobby is swimming. Every

Sunday morning, I go to swim with my friends or my father. When I have fun, I

build a healthy body. Its so great to me. In one word, my life in middle is

colorful and unforgettable.

说明文是运用说明的方法，把某种事物介绍给读者，使读者对被说明的事物的形态、性质、构造、成因、关系、功用等获得清晰了解的一种文体。在语文教学中，说明文的讲读和写作应占有一定的地位。有的教师不愿教说明文，以为说明文无足轻重，这些认识是片面的。随着我国社会主义现代化事业的发展，尤其是科学技术现代化的飞速发展，说明文的应用和写作比过去有了较大的发展，越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值，它是学生继续升学和从事各种职业应用最广的一种文体。因此，在语文教学中应加强说明文教学，要教会学生写说明文。那么，怎样才能写好说明文呢？我认为要写好说明文，应着重抓好三个方面的训练：抓住事物的特征，合理安排说明的顺序，恰当地运用说明的方法。

一、了解说明对象，抓住事物特征

二、根据事物本质特征，合理安排说明顺序

说明事物，务求解说清楚，才能使人对说明对象有一个清晰、完整的印象。而要做到解说清楚，必须根据事物的本质特征合理安排说明顺序。说明文的顺序，根据说明的目的和对象或用时间顺序，或用空间顺序，或用逻辑顺序，或以一种顺序为主，兼用其他顺序。

1.说明建筑物，一般采用空间顺序和总分顺序相结合的写法。例如，《故宫博物院》是按照空间关系，由总到分，由外到内，由前到后，又由内到外来安排说明顺序。先简介故宫的总体布局，赞美建筑艺术，然后分述，最后对具体分述作综合概括。

2.介绍事物的发展，用时间顺序较为合适，因为按时间顺序写，能够显示出事物发展的阶段性。如《从甲骨文到缩微图书》按照时间顺序，从书的雏形甲骨文到简书、帛书，再到手抄书、雕版书、活字印刷书，进而发展到当今会说话的书、视盘、带香味的书、立体的会活动的书和缩微图书，条分缕析地介绍了书的演变过程。

导语：写作方法就是写作中进行表现时运用的方法，是作者为表情达意而采取的有效艺术手段。

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

[关于英语作文的写作方法指导

☆定语和状语（时间、地点等）都属于附加成分，在基本句型中一般都不列出。

☆时态包含于句子中，任何句子都有时态。

1主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

“地球开始向人类发威了！人类开始注意保护环境，人人不乱扔垃圾，而是将垃圾回收起来，运到垃圾焚烧厂无害焚烧。街道小巷处处干净，人类很高兴。而生活在地洞里的老鼠们却成群得饿死了。——原来是垃圾无处可寻！”

读了上面的材料，你会问：为什么人们会知道保护环境呢？

近年来由于人类不断地破坏环境，使得世界的将来不容乐观：气温上升导致冰川融化、生物不断灭绝，人类不断砍伐树木、臭氧层出现空洞……这些情况都来自“厄尔尼诺现象”。这些现象不断地暗示我们：拯救地球吧！保护环境已迫在眉睫！

那么，怎样采取行动呢？首先，我们必须要少砍伐树木。树木能制造氧气，同时吸收二氧化碳。其次，要保护湿地。把湿地保护好了，就相当于保护好了40％~50％的生物种类。

气温升高，主要是由于大气中所含的二氧化碳逐渐增多，所以，我们应把空气中二氧化碳的含量降低，将未来冰川融化的“噩梦”扼杀在萌芽状态，让地球彻底的降温。要减少空气中的二氧化碳，最好的方法就是多种树。

另外，气温升高也与垃圾有关。垃圾可以堆肥，但垃圾堆肥时却不可避免的产生甲烷。甲烷也是导致温室效应的“罪魁祸首”之一。

所以，人类一定要减少垃圾的产生。垃圾少了，老鼠也少了，就有了开头故事的场景。最后，我要提醒大家：保护环境，人人有责！

Today was Sunday.

My parents were free, too.

I got up at 7oclock, because my families planed to go to the zoo.

After the breakfast, I took the camera and went to the station together with my parents.

It was already 9oclock when we arrived at the zoo.

There were so many monkeys, tigers, lions, wolves and other animals in the zoo. We took many photos in the zoo with the animals. I will show these photos in my class after they were printed. The time passed so fast, we left the zoo at 1oclock PM. I was so happy today. Now I feel very tired and I will go to bed early tonight.

[初中英语作文：去动物园

摘要：初中生语文综合能力以写作能力为最高，写作能力又以说明文写作为最难。现根据多年来初中语文教学经验，针对初中生说明文写作的教学技巧作简要论述。

语文学习的外延与生活相等，写作能力是语文学习的重要内容。如果说记叙文是以情感人，议论文又以理服人，那说明文则是以知明人。以情感人往往有情节，以理服人往往有事实，这都是可以在生活中寻找到的素材。而以知明人则相对较难，因此，最好不采用集中教授的方式，而采用感受、实践、归纳的方式。

认知心理学认为，写作内容知识就是言语信息，它的本性属于陈述性知识的范畴，是指有关人所知道的事物状况以及事物之间的关系、能够被人陈述和描述的知识，或者说是关于“是什么”的知识。写作内容知识主要有主题知识和读者知识构成，而写作主题知识是最为重要的因素，它直接决定作者是否“有米下锅”、“有物可言”。作者知道的东西越多，写出来的东西越好。写作内容当然来自生活。巧妇难为无米之炊，欲“炊”必先有“米”，然后才能表现出“巧妇”之“巧”。这几句俗语道出了内容与技巧的关系。可以设想，教师要求学生写说明文而学生对说明对象一无所知或一知半解，就没办法写。

同其他文体的文章一样，说明文写作也需要先解决写作内容的问题，至于写作技巧，当有了内容后才能考虑。这就要求教师在命题上充分考虑如何引导学生获得说明文的写作内容。

首先，写作内容可以从“制造事件”入手，使说明文的写作具有“情节性”，以使学生获得真实感受。只是说明文写作内容的获得，要比其他文体更艰难。基于这样的认识，在说明文写作指导上应尝试“先动手做，后动手写”的技巧。

动手做，是获得说明文写作内容的有效途径。可以分为以下几类：

第一类，亲手制作某种模型（如桥梁、车、房屋等），然后将设计原理、所用材料、制作过程写出来。还可以结合数学、物理、生物等学科有关知识，制作教具或动植物标本，然后将制作过程写出来；还可以写物理、化学、生物等学科的实验，这样不仅可以提高写作水平，还可以加深对其他学科知识系统的认识。第二类，结合劳动技术可制作手工艺品，如制作布贴画、烹饪菜肴、使用缝纫机、维修家电等，将有关步骤如实地记录下来，作为写作的素材，然后加工润色。第三类，结合社会实践活动，如参观印刷厂，了解一本书或一张报纸的印刷过程；如对某种建筑物或自然景物进行观察，按顺序记录下建筑物的结构形态特点或自然景物的主要特征。

严格地说，动手做不属于语文课的任务。但是，当教师指导学生描写景物的时候，不是也要求学生对景物进行观察吗？写调查报告不是也要求学生深入社会生活先调查研究后形成文字吗？先动手制作，然后再写制作的过程，恰恰是激发学生说明文写作兴趣的有效手段。这也是“语文综合活动”的一种形式。写作要调动多种器官综合工作，“纸上得来终觉浅”，动手制作是亲身实践活动，是获得“真知”的前提。这一点布鲁纳的发现也可以给我们启迪，“发现不限于那种寻求人类尚未知晓之事物的行为，正确地说，发现包括着用自己的头脑亲自获得知识的一切形式”，教师指导学生自行发现与自行组织知识的方法，有助于学习后的长时记忆，学生主动学习的思维活动，有助于智力的发展和提升，学生养成自动自发的学习习惯并获得解决问题的技能之后，有助于将来独立的求知与研究，所以，强调教师引导学生去发现，而不是急于告诉他们学习的结果，这也是“动手做”的道理所在。

其次，成文的演练需要先说话后作文。说话是口语交际的一种形式，学生在课堂上向全体学生介绍自己制作的“作品”就是一种“有声语言”的文本；它与教师的询问、评价语言形式对话；其他学生即使没有参与对话，但思维在“对话”。先说话后作文，就是强调把口语表达和文字表达结合起来。把一件事说明白了，才可能写明白；人对事物的感知总是从简单到复杂，说话比较简单，写成文章就比较复杂；说总比写快，先动口说，说的内容有偏差，“改口”比改文章容易；说得好现场就能获得好评，感受成就感的周期短，反馈及时；先说就能把作文思路先演练一通，写的时候心里就有底。作文则是书面语言的文本、有声语言文本在先，书面语言文本在后，有利于“我手写我口”，形成语言生活化、朴实、自然的风格。这也是一种“语文综合活动”。

再次，从“动手做”获得写作内容，从“动口说”获得写作演练，接下来自然要涉及到写作技巧。如果教师在学生没有获得写作内容之前就一股脑地把写作技巧告诉学生，学生很快就能得到这些知识，但是，因为没有亲身实践，没有发现，没有尝试主动解决问题，只能被动接受这些知识，那么这些知识就很难转化为能力。

在此基础上，可以把这种先个别后一般的程序认知能力进行迁移。当说明对象不需要亲手制作，而是一个具体事物，则通过观察调查等实践活动，把从前的自我设计与选材、制作转换为别人的设计、选材、制作。虽然不是自己的操作，可是自己操作过，明白其中缘故，自然说的清楚明白。甚至可以把这种能力迁移到不是具体事物，而是抽象事理的说明对象上来。有了对说明对象特征的认识，又要进一步让别人明白，就必须按照一定的顺序，使用一定的手段进行说明。这些就是写作技巧的策略性知识。从逻辑上讲，这是归纳推理，是由一般到个别的推理；许多程序性的知识不能直接转化为能力，换句话说，就是写作只是不能直接转化为写作能力。许多教师通过先讲解写作知识，再根据这些知识进行写作训练，导致学生无法写出好文章。其实，如此教学，教师自己也不能根据自己的讲解的写作只是写出令自己满意的文章，又何必强求学生。但是，写作技巧知识如果是在亲身实践中悟出的，这种知识就会内化为自己的积淀，存储在自己的大脑中，自动支配自己的相关写作活动。

这是从感性认识上升到理性认识的关键一步，是由形象具体的个性化操作上升到抽象知识的关键一步，这样获得的程序性知识是加上了个体亲身感受的、一旦拥有便终身不忘的知识，是在实践的基础上形成了技能后概括出来的“真知”。

总之，说明文的写作，我的经验就是引导学生首先获得关于说明对象的知识，再进行口语演练，最后形成文字；在作文讲评的时候引导学生针对自己成文的过程进行反思归纳，形成关于技巧的程序性知识，从而使学生具有亲身感受、亲自发现的特点，使学生思维水平得以提升，并形成主动发现问题、解决问题的习惯。

Pollution around us

In recent years our life is becoming better and better. But our environment is becoming worse and worse. Its very bad for our life. Now many people have air-conditioners and cars, they produce (give off ) waste gas. More and more trees are being cut down. There are so much sand on the earth (leaving only sand ) . We often see factories pour waste into rivers or lakes. Water in the river is quite dirty. We havent enough clean water to drink in cities. Now we are in danger. Its very necessary and important to protect the environment well. I think if everyone tries his best to protect the environment, the world will become much more beautiful , and our life will be better and better .

我们周围的污染

近年来我们的生活越来越好。但是，我们的环境越来越糟。它对我们的生活很糟糕。现在很多人都有空调和汽车，他们生产的（出）废气。越来越多的树被砍伐。有那么多的沙子在地球（只留下沙）。我们经常看到工厂把废水倒入河流或湖泊。河里的水很脏。我们没有足够的干净的水的城市。现在我们有危险。这是非常必要和重要的保护好环境。我想，如果每个人都尽自己最大的努力去保护环境，世界将变得更加美丽，我们的生活会越来越好。