初中英语说明文写作模板实用20篇

We take a holiday of 7 days because of the National Day.As we all

know，October 1 is the National Day of China in Gregorian calendar.

In the holiday I went to visit the Yellow River Forest Park togeter with

three of my classmates.It was very boring when staying in the bus for a long

time，which made me doze off all the time，and at some time，I nearly struck my

head on the chair in the front of me.After two hours journery by bus，we finally

got to the park.But to my disappoint，there was nothing interesting here，except

some quiet normal things. Compared with the my school I stayed in，here was very

noisy and messy.

Though the park is beside the Yellow River，the air is still a little smelly

because there are a lot of animals such as horses，cocks and so on here，which

make lots of wastes every day while few people clean them. In a word，the park is

not so good as I had expected，and I felt unsatisfied about it.

Scarlett ， a very personality figures ，the two mans she love ，neither does she know about.To her， I was pelled to admire， admire duhougan. her strong and brave， admire her to lay down in the environment， farm workers previously suffered education， admire her to disregard the munity to create their own expression of the cause .She is in the whole story， all a person full of fighting will full of vitality . I appreciated most ， it is this " Tomorrow is another day of hers. " . Promising forever， full of fighting will ， will never give up， never desperate. I think Im moved by her.So， whenever I meet difficulty， the mood is not good， I will tell oneself : " Tomorrow is another day. " Gone with the Wind is absolutely a good book that is worth sampling repeatedly， the characters are graceful ， the plot rises and falls， exciting boldly and unconstrainedly， though the subjective factor because of the author among them ， the appraisal on U.S.A.s Civil War is not objective and overall， but as to angle of literature， this one fine piece of writing generation definitely absolutely， worth visiting.建宁二年

高一英语作文说明文：Mrs Brown

Mrs Brown is an excellent teacher. She is a good-looking woman, with gentle manners and a kind smile. Mrs Brown likes her work very much. She works hard and tries her best to make every class perfect. Listening to her talk is an artistic

treat indeed. She treats her students as her own children, not only strictly but also kindly. She always shows deep concern for them and makes great efforts to train them into persons of ability. All the students respect her very much.

高一英语作文说明文：Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889 in London. He came from a family of artists. His mother was an actress and his father was an actor. He started dancing and singing for money in 1894. In 1904, he went to America and he became a film director in 1914. He made many funny films from 1914 to 1966. He died in 1977. Many people were very sad at the news. People all over the world will remember him forever.

高一英语作文说明文：My Pen Pal-Tom

Tom Brown, my pen pal, is an American boy. He is 17 years old. He lives at 69 Park Road, New York with his parents. Tom is a student of No.4 High School. On weekdays, he studies very hard. Art, music and computer are his favorite subjects. In his spare time, he likes doing sports. He usually goes walking or swimming on weekends. He also likes traveling. He goes to many countries during the summer holiday every year.

高一英语作文说明文：My Best Friend

My best friend is Li Hua. He is 13 years old and he is a student of Guangming middle school. He is very tall and strong. He works hard at school and would like to help others. when I came to this school in the beginning, I was bad at math and English. I failed in a test and was worried about my study. At this time, Li Hua gave me a hand and helped to improve my math and English. Thanks to his help, my math and English improved a lot and I got good results in the following exams. Gradually we became very good friends. In my opinion, Li Hua is not only an excellent student but also a helpful and kind person. Everyone would like to be his friend.

于我们而言，正确地认识我们本身的优势和不足是非常重要的，其原因在于它有助于我们提高自身，我们应该自省并且学会认识我们自己是谁

It is important to know our good and bad points because this knowledge will help us to improve ourself. We should examine ourselves and learn who we are.

在自我认识当中，最重要的就是认识自己的优势和不足。举例而言，我是一个身体健康的人，由于这个原因，我可以非常努力地去工作。同时我乐观、谦和并且有礼貌。这些是我的优势。同时，我也存在一些不足。首先就是我脾气有点倔，而且缺乏耐心。在一些时候我也会犯懒，也许有时整天在看电视和吃垃圾食品。可是有这些缺点，我却并不觉得怎样羞愧，因为我了解到了他们，促进我提高了自身

Above all, we should recognize our strengths and weaknesses. For example, I am healthy and fit, so I can work hard. Im also optimistic, humble and polite. These are my strengths. However, I also have weaknesses. For one thing, Im stubborn and a little impatient. Im sometimes lazy as well and can spent a whole day just watching TV and eating junk food. Im not ashamed to admit these bad pints. Knowing what they are lets me focus on improving myself.

编辑点评：这篇文章用词准确、精彩，并且能有自己的观点，是一篇非常优秀的校园作文。我们在平时的学习中，不但要常写常练，还要经常阅读一些好文好句，来提高自己的写作水平。

I had a dog called a gray, because it was a long gray hair, and it was long with a pair of round eyes, and its eyes looked around and seemed to find something. It is always short ears always bowed, I looked like incredibly.

Its temper can be weird, and if it is happy to put the tail up in the barking applause, as if "master owner, today I am very happy, can take me out to play?" This can rely on its mood, if it is Unhappy, no matter how good it is, it is not heard. Remember that once out to play, where the dog will be fast ran over, as if there is very familiar with it, playing a long time, it ran back to me, I took him home.

The dog is very fond of eating meat, it is often the first to eat meat and then eat. He was very cute, once I test it, put the meat under the meal, but it smelled out, in the bark called "master you good or bad ah." I have a dog so that a friend is particularly happy.

英语作文：

Tomorrow is fathers day, I want to send two gifts for dad.

I take everyone to take a nap at noon, I took out fifty yuan pocket money to buy a gift, to the flower shop, I dont know which one to buy, this I see that look, finally found the right flowers, gave the money to the boss. I went and bought several packets of paper folding wishing star, came home, I put the flowers in the vase, add some water inside, then hid the flowers where nobody pay attention to. Ok so, I started to fold the wishing star, every star, I wrote a blessing, a star, the two stars were folded · · · · · · one hundred and seventy-nine, dont look at these small stars, but each star in with my blessing to my father. Wishing star after the discount, I put it in a nice little gift box, can look forward to come tomorrow.

Early the next morning at six o clock, I quietly walked into the room, I put the flowers and wishing star on the table, I was out of the room. Slowly fragrance filled the room, dad was smoked aroma woke up and found it still reads: dad happy fathers day. Dad smiled on his face.

中文翻译：

明天就是父亲节，我想给爸爸送两份礼物。

中午，我趁大家睡午觉的时候，我拿出五十元的零花钱去买礼物，一到了花店，我却不知道要买哪一种，我这看看那看看，终于找到了合适的花，把钱给了老板。我又去买了几包折许愿星的纸，回到了家，我把花插进了花瓶，在里面加点水，便把花藏到没人注意的地方。花弄好以后，我就开始折许愿星，每一颗星星里我都写了一个祝福，一颗星，两颗星······共折了一百七十九颗，别看这些小小的星星，但每颗星星里都包含着我对爸爸的祝福。许愿星折完后，我把它放在一个精美的小礼盒里，期待着明天能快点到来。

第二天清晨六点钟，我悄悄地走进房间，我把花和许愿星放在了桌上，我便走出了房间。慢慢的香味便弥漫了整个房间，爸爸被香味给熏醒了，发现上面还写着：爸爸父亲节快乐。爸爸脸上露出了笑脸。

this year‘s summer vacation was most enjoyable. i spent fifteen days helping my grandparents doing farm work in the countryside， where i saw mountains fields covered with green plants. sometimes i went swimming in the river to the west of the village， the water in which was quite clear.

i kept a diary every day. besides doing farm work， i help the children in the neighborhood with their lessons. all of them showed interest in english. they could read write wellthey could hardly understand simple english. so every day in the morning i spent about two hours helping them improve their listening spoken english. they all made great progress. their parents all thought highly of me. i now realize that knowledge is very needed in the countryside.

[暑假日记初中英语作文

Teacher is a great job in most students’ eyes. When they are asked what

they want to be in the future, most will say they want to be a teacher and make

a contribution to the society. Indeed, we have access to the teachers all the

time and they have great influence on us. So being a teacher is a ideal job for

most students, but for me, I want to be a librarian. I like reading books so

much and once I have time, I will be immersed in these novels. Books broaden my

vision, though I can’t travel to the places, I can still know about these famous

sites from these books. Being a librarian can make me have a lot of time to

read.

1. 自然交代，平引下文：新学期一开始，我就注意到一个问题：我们班三十三名男生，二十七名女生，男生两人一桌恰好多一名，女生亦如此，必将出现一个男生和一个女生同坐一桌的危机。可万万没想到这个危机会降临到我的头上。--

2. 歌词开头，响彻云际："明天你是否会想起/昨天你写的日记/明天你是否会惦起/曾经最爱哭的你……"一曲悠扬的《同桌的你》从路边音像书店传了出来，那带着绵绵情思的乐曲，把我的思绪带回了三年前的时光……--

3. 排比反复，创造旋律：朋友，就是我可以为他献出真挚情感的人;朋友，就是我可以对他付出全部信任的人;朋友，欢乐时与我分享，危难时与我同行。人生中没有朋友，就像生活中没有阳光。我就有着这样的一个好朋友。--

4. 设问开篇，无沿无边：往事如烟，随着时光的流逝，大都渐渐淡忘，而那双眼睛，怎能使我忘怀?--

1、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

2、分类别：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征有条理性。

3、作比较：运用了··的说明方法。把---和---加以比较，突出强调了---事物的特征-

4、作诠释：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征/事理加以具使说明更通俗易懂。

5、打比方：运用了··的说明方法。将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

6、摹状貌：运用了··的说明方法。对事物的特征加以形象化的描摹，写出了说明对象---的特点。使说明更具体形象。

7、下定义：运用了··的说明方法。将---定义为---。用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

8、列数字：运用了··的说明方法。用---等数据。据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

9、列图表：运用了··的说明方法。用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

10、引用说明：运用了··的说明方法。引用说明有以下几种形式—— 引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。 （引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

Let me tell you about it. First I have a great eating habit. I eat

vegetables and fruit every day and I drink yogurt twice a week .Although I like

junk food very much I try to eat it once a week because it is bad for my health.

And I also eat less meat. Then I hold on to playing sports every day. I jog 2

kilometers and jump 2 hours. Next I go to bed early and get up early. I keep

sleeping for about 8 hours. Having a great eating habits and doing exercise can

help me get good grades.

As you can see having a healthy life is important for everyone. Let’s have

a healthy life style and lead a happy life.

An annual one National Day long vacation finally arrived， I go out with my father and mother， visit places of interest， enjoy the great culture of the motherland。 Stores the door hung balloons and colorful flags， red， yellow， green。。。 Is permeated with a festive atmosphere。 Inside is buzzing， carried out a series of promotional activities。 The street people mountain people sea， riding car also want to be a long queue for tickets。 Scenic visitors like a long dragon， countless。 Www.ZixueKaoShi.neT.Men， women， and children should enjoy， people took advantage of the holiday come out to play。 The parking lot， hotel， shopping mall must be very considerable。

National Day is a happy day， peoples living standards improve really fast。 In our motherland mothers arms。 Happiness， happy growth， I wish the motherland mother always beautiful， always prosperous and wish the motherland prosperity every year， the rich!

题目：李小虎沉迷于电脑游戏中，影响了学习。作为他的好朋友，你打算怎么帮他呢?

请用下面所给的提示词写一篇短文。

提示词： give up concentrate on be (become)interested in

Li Xiaohu spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind others. As a good/close friend of his, I must do something to help him.

First, I think it’s very important for him to learn lessons well. He should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly, I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health, especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer games. And then Ill ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, Ill ask both his parents and our teachers to help him, too. If I try these, Im sure he will make great progress soon.

[电脑游戏初中生英语作文

The tomb-sweeping day as a holiday, are different from pure solar terms.

Solar term is a sign of phenology change, seasonal order in China, and it is

more a festival of custom activities and some memorable.

Tomb-sweeping day is Chinas traditional festival, is also the most

important memory of ancestors and the grave. This grave to commemorate the dead

mans a kind of activity. The han nationality and some minority are mostly in

the tombs. Grave, people to carry goods such as especially fruit, paper money to

the grave, will be food for offering in the family tomb, to use paper money on

fire new soil up to the grave, fold a few branches pale green branches ed in the

grave, and then kowtow worship salute, finally eat especially home. The tang

dynasty poet tu mus poem "qingming" : "rains fall heavily as qingming comes,

and passers-by with lowered spirits go. Restaurant where? Boy pointed apricot

blossom village." Write the ching Ming festival special atmosphere.

Ching Ming festival, also called TaQingJie, according to the solar calendar

for, it is in every year on April 4 to 6, between, it is beautiful spring

scenery spring-out of season, also is a good time to people spring outing, so

the ancients had qingming outing, and carry out a series of customs sports

activities.

Until today, tomb-sweeping day ancestor worship, mourning the late

relatives customs still prevail.

Love is everything. Love is the most brilliant thing in the world. Because

of love, our world turns out to be a sunny place.

We couldnt go without love. For instance, love can help us communicate

with each other very well, love can help us overcome all the difficulties, love

can help us get rid of our unhappiness, love can turn our enemies into our

friends, and our destinies can also be changed by love.

Whats more, love is a bowl of rice for a hungry beggar, love is an

overcoat for a tramp in winter days, love is an umbrella for us in raining days,

love is a stick for the old, love is the best medicine for the sick, love is the

sunlight for the blind, and love is the gospel for the deaf. Without love, our

world is meaningless.

However, love isnt a bunch of flowers or a nice present. Love is a thread

in our coat. Love is inside, making our life warm and comfortable.

以下是短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考可根据自己的情况选择其中的个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。

1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this

2）The reasons for this are as follows

3）The reason for this is obvious

4）The reason for this is not far to seek

5）The reason for this is that

6）We have good reason to believe that

例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life

．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

注：

如考生写第一个句子没有把握，

可将其改写成两个句子。

如：

Great changes have taken place in our life．

There are three reasons for this．这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

2．表示好处

1）It has the following advantages

2）It does us a lot of good

3）It benefits us quite a lot

4）It is beneficial to us

5）It is of great benefit to us

例如：

Books are like friends．

They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds

and widen our horizons．Therefore reading extensively is of great benefit to us

3．表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages

2）It does us much harm

3）It is harmful to us

例如：

However，everything divides into two．

Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient, possible）for sb．to do sth．

2）We think it necessary to do sth．

3）It plays an important role in our life．

例如：

Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．

Soon, computers will be found in every home，too．

We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施

1)We should take some effective measures．

2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

3）We should do our utmost in doing sth．

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例如：

The housing problem that we are confronted with Is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．

6 ．表示变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例如：

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to

meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．

7．表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．

2）No one can deny the fact that．．．

3）There is no denying the fact that．．．

4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．

5）However，that’s not the case．

例如：

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，

we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．

The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．

8．表示比较

1）Compared with A，B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．

3）There is a striking contrast between them．

例如：

Compared with cars ,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．

9．表示数量

1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．．

2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000．

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January．

例如：

With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s in some spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．

再如：From the graph listed above,it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．

10．表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth．

2）People have different opinions on this problem．

3）People take different views of（on）the question．

4）Some people believe that．．．

Others argue that．．．

例如：

People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．

Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However ,others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．

再如：

Do“lucky numbers really bring good luck？

Different people have different views on it（注：

一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。）

11．表示结论

1）In short，it can be said that ．．．

2）It may be briefly summed up as follows．

3）From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that ．．

例如：

From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved．

12．套语

1）It’s well known to us that ．．．

2）As is known to us．．．

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about．

4）From the graph

（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．

5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．

例如：

As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．

The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly，and

the campus is no longer an“ivory tower.As college students，

we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．

Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after

we graduate.

材料作文，是根据所给材料和要求来完成写作的一种作文形式。与其他类型的作文题相比，材料作文在审题、构思、立意等方面均有一定难度，加强材料作文的审题、立意训练，对同学们应对中考作文，无疑是有帮助的。 根据材料呈现中心内容的深浅，我们将其分为明确、隐晦、多元三种类别。下面我们结合2008年部分地区中考材料作文题，对明确、隐晦、多元三类作文材料审题立意方法分别进行讲解。

1.因果推断法。材料作文，从呈现形式上看，一般由材料（故事、情景设置或图画等）和写作要求两个部分组成。有的材料作文题，材料的主旨和要求是很明确的。请看2008年浙江绍兴中考作文题： 仔细阅读下面文字，完成作文。 情景：小文远离父母在外地读中学，汶川特大地震发生后，他想把由父母替他储蓄的500元压岁钱捐给灾区。小文知道自己的家境并不富裕，但他觉得必须说服父母取出这笔钱，献出他的爱心。 尝试：请你以小文的身份，给父母写一封信，表达这种心愿。 这道作文题的材料是预设的生活场景：小文欲将父母替自己储蓄的500元压岁钱捐给灾区。文题要求以小文的身份写信给他的父母，说服家境并不富裕的父母将此钱捐出。虽然上面这道作文题题意和要求很明确，但是如何准确立意，还是值得思考的。在这里，我们可采用“因果推断法”，即由材料的结果找出原因，最终得出材料的中心。写信的结果是要说服父母将钱捐出，用什么理由（原因）说服父母，让他们心动呢？这很关键。因为涉及到文章的立意问题。有同学从灾难的严重，到灾民的无助；从抗震的艰辛，到救灾的感人等；结合自己家境的实际情况，从现状分析入手，陈述自己作出此举的理由，其立意显然胜人一筹。

2.提炼话题法。材料作文的材料，有的主旨是很鲜明的，有的则比较隐晦，这类隐晦的材料作文审题立意比较费力。下面我们来看2008年安徽芜湖中考作文题： 阅读下面的诗句，按照要求作文。 我不去想是否能够成功/既然选择了远方/便只顾风雨兼程/我不去想未来是平坦还是泥泞/只要热爱生命/一切，都在意料之中 要求：请你结合诗句的内容，选取自己感受最深的一点，自拟题目，写一篇不少于500字的文章。你可以抒发感情，可以发表看法，也可以讲述故事；文中不要出现真实的地名、校名、人名。 这个题目中的材料选自现代著名诗人汪国真的《热爱生命》，给同学们以美的享受，但诗的主旨比较隐晦，为审题设置了一定的障碍。写作的前提是你要读懂材料，然后根据要求，选择其中感受最深的一点立意构思。通过阅读，我们可概括出这首诗的内涵：人生要有目标，虽然路上注定有坎坷和荆棘，但只要坚持，只要努力奋斗，风雨过后必能见到彩虹。对此，我们可提炼出“目标”“理想”“坚持”等话题，写自己在学习、生活中遭遇困难以及自己如何定下目标，坚定不移地走下去，最终取得成功的故事；也可结合生活中典型人物的事例，发表“不经风雨，怎见彩虹”的感想；等等。

3.择一而作法。有的材料作文的材料内涵很丰富，其作文立意可以是多元的，我们可从中多角度提炼观点。请看2008年湖北黄冈中考作文题之一的作文材料： 薛谭跟秦青学唱歌，还没有把秦青的技艺学完，就自以为都学到手了，便向老师告辞回家。秦青也没有阻拦他，在城外的大道旁给他饯行。这时候秦青抚摩着拍板，慷慨激昂地高唱起来，声音振动了林间的树木，反激出的回声挡住了天上的行云。 薛谭便急忙向老师道歉，要求回去继续学习，从此以后，他一辈子再也不敢说回家的话。 材料是在讲述“薛谭学讴”的故事，其内涵丰富，角度多元。我们在阅读的过程中，要对材料认真分析，找准材料揭示寓义的角度，审出材料的写作指向，从而确定写作主题。我们可采用“择一而作”法，从材料的不同角度切入，选择最适合自己的一个角度来构思立意。如可从薛谭的角度构思，提炼出“持之以恒”“知错能改”等主题；可从秦青的角度构思，提炼出“言传不如身教”“因材施教”等主题。 总之，写材料作文，应注意以下几个方面：首先要读懂材料。因为材料作文的“材料”是命题的载体，读懂材料，才能为写作打好基础。其次，要明确要求。材料作文的写作要求是写作的限制性条件，这些要求包括文体要求、篇幅要求、拟题要求等。只有明确了这些要求，写作时才不会开“无轨电车”。第三，要写出新意，也就是要在“新”字上入手，可在角度的选择、文章的立意、表现方法的运用、篇章的布局上下工夫。

I am Alice. I am a student of No.1 Middle School. I study in Class Two

Grade Seven.

There is a map of our school on the wall. The playground is in the middle

of the school. On the left of the playground, there is a library. I like reading

very much, so I often read books in the library. There is a teaching building

behind the library. We study in that building. My classroom is on the second

floor in that building. The teachers offices are in that building, too. Where

is the sport hall? Oh, its on the right of the teaching building. I have P.E

class in the sport hall. The canteen is in front of the sport hall. We have

lunch and dinner in the canteen. In the school, I feel very happy!

This is my school. Its a big and nice place. I like my school very much.

What about your school?

从近年来全国各地的语文中考试题看，说明文在整个试卷中所占的比例也逐年增大。其难度也在逐年提高。下面是小编帮大家整理的初中语文说明文阅读基本知识及答题技巧，希望大家喜欢。

一、说明文基本知识

1、概念：说明文是以“说明”为主要表达方式，用来介绍或解释事物的状态、性质、构造、功用、制作方法、发展过程以及内在事理的一种实用文体。

2、与其它文体的区别：议论文以理服人，哲理性是它的主要特点；记叙文以情感人，形象性是它的主要特点；说明文以知授人，知识性是它的主要特点。

3、说明文的分类

事物说明文：如《苏州园林》，说明“务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画”的特征。

事理说明文：如《死海不死》，科学的说明了死海不死的原因在于“海水的咸度很高”。

二. 阅读技巧

(一)阅读说明文要注意从以下几个方面入手：

第一招：善于找准说明对象。

第二招：善于概括说明对象的特点。

第三招：善于分析说明顺序。

第四招：善于分析说明方法及其作用。弄清楚了说明方法的特点，分析它们在文章中的具体作用。

第五招：善于分析说明文的语言。

第六招：善于分析引用古籍或名言的目的。先要理解所引古籍或名言的含义，现联系说明的内容，看看这两者间有何内在联系，就能领悟其引用的目的了。在说明的开头文段或中间叙述有关的故事，究竟起何作用：在文章开头叙述故事，其目的往往是为了引起读者阅读的兴趣，或者是为了引出说明对象。在文章或段落中间叙述故事，往往是为了增强说明文的可读性，同时也为了说明事物的来源或作用。

第七招：善于完成开放性问题。中考说明文阅读，根据“新课标”中要求“注意领会作品中所体现的科学精神和科学思想方法”的要求，说明文阅读考查的题目势必要引导学生关注人类、关注自然、关注生态环境、关注科技进程、关注未来发展，有利于培养学生的科学态度、科学思想、科学品质、科学精神和科学方法。

（二）说明文阅读一般涉及11种题型：

1、考查说明对象：

答题技法：其一，要看懂题目，不少说明文题目本身就表示说明对象，如《中国石拱桥》、《苏州园林》等。其二，抓住首括句和中心句。说明文往往需要运用首括句和中心句来提示说明重点，包括说明事物的特征。反之，如果需要为说明文的语段加一个标题，也可以用说明对象作为标题。

回答时形成一个短语：本文介绍了……的……(对象加特征)。

例：《看云识天气》介绍云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

2、被说明事物的特征：

答题技法：尽量从原文中找原词原句，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。

例：《中国石拱桥》三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

3、说明方法：1、常见的说明方法有：举例子、分类别、下定义、摹状貌、作诠释、打比方、列数字、列图表、引用说明。

2、常见说明方法的作用：

①、举例子：通过举具体的实例对事物的特征/事理加以说明，从而使说明更具体，更有说服力。

②、分类别：对事物的特征/事理分门别类加以说明，使说明更有条理性。

③、作比较：把__________和__________加以比较，突出强调了事物的特征/事理。

④、作诠释：对事物的特征/事理加以具体的解释说明，使说明更通俗易懂。

⑤、打比方：将__________比作__________，从而形象生动地说明了事物的特征/事理。

⑥、摹状貌：对事物的特征/事理加以形象化的描摹，使说明更具体形象。

⑦、下定义：用简明科学的语言对说明的对象/科学事理加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征/事理。

⑧、列数字：用具体的数据对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更准确更有说服力。

⑨、列图表：用列图表的方式对事物的特征/事理加以说明，使说明更简明更直观。

⑩、引用说明：引用说明有以下几种形式——

A、引用具体的事例；（作用同举例子）

B、引用具体的数据；（作用同列数字）

C、引用名言、格言、谚语；作用是使说明更有说服力。

D、引用神话传说、新闻报道、谜语、轶事趣闻等。作用是增强说明的趣味性。

（引用说明在文章开头，还起到引出说明对象的作用。）

4、说明顺序：有条有理地把事物的特征或事理介绍清楚。

时间顺序：即以事物发生、发展的时间先后来安排说明顺序，从而写出事物的发展变化情况。这种顺序一般用于人物的生平介绍、科学观察记录，说明事物或事理发生、发展或制作过程一类的说明文。

空间顺序：即按照事物的空间存在形式，或从外到内，或从上到下，或从前到后，或由远及近依次进行说明。这种说明顺序，一般用于说明事物的形状、构造特征。

逻辑顺序；即按照事物或事理的内部联系成人们认识事物的过程来安排说明顺序。由总到分（或由分而总）、由主而次、由现象到本质、由原因到结果、由个别到一般（或由一般到个别）、由抽象到具体、由整体到局部（或由局部到具体）等。

说明建筑物、景点等通常按照空间顺序说明。介绍事物各阶段的特点或制作过程时，往往采用时间顺序。介绍抽象事理时，则往往需要采用逻辑顺序。

近几年说明文选段多为科技类说明文，此类说明文一般是事理说明文居多，故多用逻辑顺序。

5、段意概括：

句式：说明了……介绍了……

方法：找中心句；结合本段说明特征概括，摘要联合，结合标点，尤其注意分号，认真提炼。

6、“这样”的指代义：指代上文距其最近的一句或几句内容。

7、段落语句顺序：

为什么不能调换段落顺序？

不能调换：原文采用由……到……的顺序介绍事物，调换后不合逻辑。

《向沙漠进军》5、6段照应上文游击战、阵地战顺序。

总分关系中分说部分与前文总说部分顺序相照应。《看云识天气》

8、语言准确性：类型1、加点字词有何作用？抓住说明文语文准确这一特点答题。

对策：答：准确/生动形象/地说明了事物“……”的特征/事理。 类型2、能否替换为另一个词语？并说明理由。

对策：答：（1）不可以。（2）原词的意思或内容。（3）所换词语的意思或内容。（4）换了后意思有何改变，与不符合实际。

类型3、限制性词语能否删去？

对策：答：（1）表态（删还是不删）。（2）定性。如：“比较”“几乎”“相当”等词表程度修辞；“大约”“可能”“左 右” 等表估计，“多”“有余”等表数量。（3）若删去，原来什么样的意思就变成了什么样的意思了，不符合实际，太绝对了。（4）xx词体现了语言的准确 性、周密性、科学性。

类型4、从文章中找出一个能体现说明文语言“准确”特点的词句，并体会。

类型5：指代——“这些条件”、“这种现象”“同样道理”等在文中具体指代什么。对策：一般指的就是代词前面的那句话，找最近的一句话。有时要注意可能不是整句话，而是其中的一部分。

9、说明文的结构。

说明文的结构常见的形式有：“总——分”式、“总——分——总”式、“分——总”式、并列式、递进式等。

10、考查能否从阅读材料中捕捉重要信息，对段落的内容进行归纳；对全文要点进行概括。

技法：认真仔细阅读原文，一般都能从原文中找到答案。

（例：“死海之变”中“死海已发生了哪些巨大的地质变化？

答：（1）海水水体的分层结构消失（2）海水中的硫化氢消失（3）盐的沉积增多。

11、发散创新：近几年，开放性试题以它答案的多元性和不唯一性成为培养学生创新精神和实践能力的一种重要形式，在考试中所占的比例也越来越大。综合各地开放型试题我们可以看出。这类试题大概从以下方面考查：

（1）对说明内容进行创新性的表述。

（2）对某种现象发表自己独特的看法和见解。

（3）结合实际对某个问题谈自己的认识。

（4）根据文章内容进行合理性的推断和大胆想象。

（5）由文章内容延伸到现实生活，对现实生活中相关现象进行解释。

（6）对人类关注的环境问题等提出解决的方法，拟写警示性标语、建议、广告等。这种题考查的是学生的综合能力。考查的是学生对生活的关注情况。做好这类题首先要让学生对所给材料有准确地把握，然后充分调动已有的知识和经验。再迁移到文段中来。开放性试题，虽然没有规定唯一的答案，可以各抒己见。但在答题时要从三个角度作答：

（1）是就材料回答问题。不一定按标准答案作答，意思答对就给满分；

（2）是阅读材料后受到的启示、感想。这样的答案也是具有个性化的；

（3）是从材料出发，或提出自己不同的看法。或扩散联想到其它方面。

总之。这类试题在训练理解能力的同时。训练表达能力，对答案的表述不能只靠一个符号或一个词语来完成，要写成一句或一段完整的话。在答题的同时有助于增加学生主体参与意识，扩大学生独立发表见解的余地，鼓励学生的创新意识和探究精神。

（三）对说明对象的把握。

看题目、首括句、尾结句或提问式语句。如果是事物说明文，被说明的事物既是说明对象。如果是事理说明文，说明对象则是对象加特征，答案形成一个短语：介绍了……的……。如：《看云识天气》，介绍了云和天气的关系及怎样看云识天气。

考察对说明事物特征的把握。

答题技巧：尽量从原文中找原句作答，若没有，则注意段意、中心句。如《中国石拱桥》中关于它的三大特点：历史悠久、形式优美、结构坚固。

（四）说明文写法分析

1、结合说明方法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这篇文章主要运用了……的说明方法，说明了……（内容：事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用：参考前面说明方法，明确其作用）

2、结合修辞手法谈

规范性的答题模式如下：

这是一篇生动地说明文，大量地使用了各种修辞手法，说明了……（内容），使文章的说明形象生动。

3、结合表达方式谈

记叙、描写使说明更具体形象；抒情、议论使说明更有感情。那么，从这个角度分析说明文的写法，答题的规范性格式如下：

这篇文章综合运用多种表达方式，除了说明外，还有……（从“记叙、描写、说明、议论”根据内容选择），如……（具体举例），就是……（表达方式）的运用，使说明更具体形象/充满感情。

（五）说明语段的作用

（1）、结构、内容作用：引出下文、承上启下、总结全文/前文。

有时在文章在开头，还起着引出说明对象/说明事理的作用。

（2）、结合说明方法谈。

通过……的说明方法，说明了……（事物特征或事理），使说明……（作用）。

In the winter vacation life I have seen such a story to share with you:

Boone smile day, boone to visit a client, but unfortunately, they didnt

reach an agreement. Boone very upset, come back later told the story to the

manager. Tell the manager listened patiently boone, silent for a moment and

said, "you might as well go again, but should adjust their own state, always

remember to smile, use your smile to impress each other, so that he can see your

sincerity."

Boone to try to do it, he behaved himself very optimistic, very sincere,

has been permeated with a smile on his face. Results each other have also been

infected by boone, they happily signed agreement.

Boone have been married for 18 years, every morning to go to work. Busy

life let he forgot his beloved wife, he seldom smile to his wife. Boone decided

to give it a try and see what difference smile will bring their marriage.

The next morning, boone comb my hair looked in the mirror is smiling at

frail, the scowl on his face. When he sat down to eat breakfast, he greeted Mrs.

With a smile. She amazed, very excited. In this two weeks, boone felt more

happiness than in the past two years.

Boone often sincerely compliment, now stop talking about their needs and

annoyance. He tried to see things from other peoples opinions. All this really

changed his life, he gained more joy and friendship.

This story gave me the message, do anything to adjust their own state of

mind, always remember to use the smile, set each other, play with your smile so

that he can see your sincerity. A smile can bring warmth, friendship, can bring

happiness. So in the work, life will smile to face, in a good state of mind to

treat people and things around.

Last sunday. I and my father, mother, grandparents, brother went to changbaishan by bus. In the morning we came down the mountain. I saw wooded mountains, wild flowers bloom. We climb up the hill along the mountain path. Come halfway up the mountain, I feel a little tired，it began to rain,My West Lake silk umbrella missed,. Dad said to me,“zhaixiaowei， don’t do anything halfway.”at last，So I insisted reached the top, the top of the scenery so beautiful.We were flying kites, I was thirsty, my mother bought me a bottle of water, .finally we went home.finally，Since then, Ive kept the umbrella。i was very happy。