初中英语说明文写作模板（最新20篇）

1995 I went into taizhou junior middle school.Totally we had 7 classes,I

was in class 4.The head-teacher of the class was a middle age woman.she was so

strict with us.for example, i was catched when i ate a big rabbit sugar during

class time,she asked me to buy that bland sugar one peice for everyone.in my

opinion ,she hated everyting except study,everyweekend ,she asked us to study in

school,sunday afternoon was just the free time for us.when she saw we played

football,she must get the ball back to her office.someone who was to be in love

was found by her,he would be punished just like a shit.luckyly,i was not found

by her.i liked the girl who was my Elementary school schoolmate during my junior

middle school.i didnt know she konwed or not.it ended when we graduated.but i

liked to talk with others during class time,everytime i was found by her,she

asked me to write 3000 words to explain why and how to do in future. nowadyas

every time i remeber what happened in my junior middle school,i deeply appreciat

her kindness.she is real a good teacher.

My junior middle school time has pasted ,but it will influece till the end

of my life.

一天，我做完作业，爸爸妈妈带我去森林公园游玩。下了车没走多久就来到了那里。爸爸买了三张门票，我们开开心心的进了公园。

呀！公园里有那么多好玩的游戏啊！什么“激流勇进”、“勇敢者道路”、“摩天轮”、“过山车”……真是应有尽有！我兴奋地拉着爸爸玩过山车，爸爸买了票子，排好队，等着上过山车。

终于轮到我们了。我和爸爸迫不及待地上了车，随着“叮铃铃”一阵响声，车子开动了。啊！过山车开得越来越快，路也越来越陡了，好紧张啊！我向下瞧了一下，嘿！妈妈正在给我打气哩！我朝妈妈笑了笑，继续看着前方。呀！前面有一个小山坡！我闭着眼，倒吸了一口冷气，“唰！”地一下，过山车越过了小山坡，开得更加快了。我只觉得风从我耳朵边呼呼的刮过。终于，盼来了再一次的铃声。“叮铃铃”，过山车渐渐地停了下来。

我和爸爸跳下车，爸爸惊叹道：“真是太刺激了，我还是第一次玩呢！”我也叫道：“是啊，是啊，太刺激了，可惜妈妈不敢上去。”妈妈微笑着看着我们说：“看着你们玩得那么高兴我也很开心啊。”我们三人一起到了另一个游戏的地方……

经过一个上午的游玩，我们方觉肚子饿了。妈妈提议说：“我们去吃KFC，怎么样？”“好耶！好耶！”我欢呼道。于是，我们一起到了KFC餐馆，要了一份全家桶。我们啃着鸡翅，一边吃，一边说着今天玩得开心的事……

时间过得真快，很快到了回家的时候。坐在车上，我有些困了，便躺在妈妈的腿上休息。过了一会儿，我听到爸爸和妈妈的对话，爸爸说：“记得我们小的时候，那时候我们哪有这些东西玩，小姑娘跳跳绳，男孩子打打弹珠是印象最深刻的了。”“嗯，现在条件真是不错，孩子们吃的玩的都是我们以前没有的，不能比啊！”妈妈说。“你看现在的交通一点也不拥挤，老年人还可以免费乘车……再看现在的住房宽敞明亮…………”听着爸爸妈妈们由这次的游玩讲到他们小时候的生活，我非常感动，默默地点头，连声说：“是啊，是啊，幸亏没有生在那个年代……突然间，我觉得自己是世界上最幸福的孩子！

I used to be a humble girl, the thing is that I am too humble, I always think that my ability is not good enough, but in fact, I am just not confident. One day, when I went back home after school, my mother asked me to help her, she had some problems with the computer.

I helped her to solve her problems, she said I was so great, I knew so much things.

Until then did I realize that I should be confident, I have ability to do some things. When people give me compliment, I will accept and say thank you, I am confident now. I believe in myself, I won’t be defeated by the difficulty.

曾经我是一个谦虚的女孩子，问题在于我太谦虚了，我总是觉得我的能力不够好，但是事实上，我只是不自信。有一天，在我放学回家的时候，我的妈妈叫我给她帮下忙，她对电脑方面有些问题。我帮助她解决了她的问题，她说我很棒，知道那么多的事情。直到那时我才意识到我应该变得自信，我有能力做很多事情。当人们给予我赞美的时候，我会接受，并且表示感谢，如今我变得自信。我相信自己，不会被困难****。

[初中英语作文：我找到了自信

一、指导思想：

围绕课改完善和深化学科教学常规，严格执行教研室、学校的各项教育、教学制度和要求，加强英语学科与信息技术的整合，聚焦常态课堂，关注教师成长，强调团队合作精神，全面提高英语教学质量,切实抓好校本科研、校本培训，从而促进全体英语教师的业务水平。

二、基本思路：

1、教学目标：培养兴趣，加强学法指导，抓常态课堂、高效课堂，稳固提高英语教学质量。

2、教研目标：组织进行校内外的教学研究活动，认真撰写论文，组织老师上研究课、示范课，通过研讨、评课等形式，做好课后反思，使本组教师理论与实践水平共同提高。

三、具体工作：

1、加强理论学习，更新教学理念，全面推进素质教育。全体英语教师都要抽出时间学习新理论，以先进的教育理念指导自己的教育教学实践。改进评价内容和评价方法，即努力做到关注学生学业成就的同时，还要关注学生情感态度、行为方式的发展，注重培养学生综合实践的能力，全面提高学生的素质。

2、强化教学常规的落实，提高课堂教学效率，组织教师认真学习学校教学常规，指导检查教师的教学工作，特别抓好“备课”、“上课”、“课后辅导”、“培优辅导”等主要环节，鼓励教师充分发挥教学特长，有效提高教学效率。

3、加强集体备课仍是本学期教研组工作的重点，因此要做到有计划、有目标、有实效，不走形式，各备课组每周至少活动一次，时间固定，要紧紧围绕教研组活动的主题，并有活动记录。以集体力量、集体智慧来提高英语组全体教师的业务水平。

4、打造“常态课堂、高效课堂”。教研组各教师认真学习常态课堂的基本要求，并每人按计划上一次公开课，要求集体备课，及时评课，找出不足，共同学习，共同促进，以学生的主体作用为重点，以合作学习的时效性为重点，从而来实现高效课堂。

5、加快信息技术学习进程，从而推动学科教学与信息技术的整合。组织所有教师运用现代教学理念设计多媒体教学辅助课件，组织多媒体教学观摩活动等，达到能将多媒体高效运用于英语教学中。

6、加强初三毕业班工作的研究，提高毕业班教学效率，组织全组成员认真学习《大纲》、《中考说明》，加强对中考动向的信息收集和试题研究。抓好听、说、读、写综合技能的培养，特别注重学生阅读能力的训练，另外所有英语教师要协助九年级教师搞好中考复习和模拟考试，力争中考第一仗顺利。

7、组织本教研组教师撰写论文。英语组要确定教研专题，全体英语教师通过理论学习和校本培训，不断反思、探索，并联系实际积极撰写英语教育教学论文。

总之，在校领导的带领下我们英语组全体组员会开拓进取，不断完善自己，将教学质量放首位，为学校的教育事业贡献力量。

Childhood is often regarded as a memorable and beautiful period of one’s life and I passed it happily as a grade-school student. My grade school days were really carefree ones. I got along well with my classmates and On holidays we strolled along the street visited the park and shared one another s candies The teacher of our class was a patient woman who took pains to teach us how to behave and often accompanied us to play games after class-games which were enlivened by songs prattle and laughters. My grade school days were surely the happiest time in my life. Though in retrospect what I did long ago is some-what childish it is nevertheless unforgettable.

I had a joyful summer vacation。 During the holidays， I traveled with my families。 We went to Beijing and stayed there for four days。 We lived in the hotel。 It is very beautiful。 We visited to the Tiananmen Square， the Imperial Palace， the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace。 We also went to the Great Wall。 The weather was very hot， but we were exciting。 I like Beijing very much。 I hope I can go there again。

Nowadays, more and more students fall in love in middle schools that

worries teachers and parents. As for me, I don’t agree to puppy love. No matter

admit it or not, puppy love will certainly have negative influence on study,

because it takes much time and energy. But the most important is that middle

school students are not mature enough to operate a relationship. The favorable

impression to others may be the momentary impulse that will not last very long

time. The middle school students are so young and unthoughtful to take the

responsibilities of love. What should they do is put their study in priority and

wait with patience, because true love is worth of waiting.

英文日记和汉语日记一样，是用来记叙一天中所发生的有意义的事情或对将来的打算等。以下是小编整理的英语日记写作的格式，欢迎阅读！

日记可分为记事、议论、描写及抒情等。记事型是用英语记述当天自己生活学习中发生的事情。议论型是对生活中的某一事情或情况现象谈自己的看法，发表议论。描写型或抒情型，则是对某人物事物的特征做细致的描述，或针对某事物抒发自己的感情。

1、格式：

一般是在左上角记上当天日期，星期，时间的排列法与书信一致，星期写在日期之后；右上角写上当天的天气情况，表示天气情况的词一般是形容词，如：fine（晴朗的），cold（寒冷的），snowy（下雪），sunny（阳光充足的），rainy（下雨的），cloudy（阴天的）等。日记的小标题写在下一行，也可省略不写。

2、时态：

写日记的时间一般是在下午、晚上，有时也可以在第二天补写，因此，日记中所记述的事情通常发生在过去，常用一般过去时；但当记述天气、描写景色或展望未来时，可以用一般现在时或一般将来时。

写法大致和写汉语日记相同，都是在正文之前有日期、星期几及当天的天气情况。注意内容表达要清楚连贯、准确。

扩展阅读：

日期格式用月日年（美式）或日月年（英式）都可以

1. 年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开，例如：december 18, xx或者dec. 18, xx。

2. 如果要写星期，星期要紧挨日期，它既可以放在日期前面，也可以放在日期后面，星期也可以省略不写。星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写，例如：thursday dec. 18, xx或dec.18，xx thursday

3. 天气情况必不可少，天气一般用一个形容词如:sunny, fine, rainy, snowy等表示。天气通常位于日记的右上角。

I was born on March 15, 2002. So March 15 is my birthday. I began to give a

birthday party in . Later on I have my birthday party every year.Last Saturday I

had my birthday party at home. A few of my friends came to my party. Everyone

bought me a birthday present, and they all said, "Happy birthday to you." Then I

said "Thank you very much for giving me the birthday presents."On my birthday,

my mother made my birthday cake and cooked some delicious food. My friends

helped me to put the candles on the big cake. Then we began the party.I had a

good time that day. We sang and played games, and ate delicious food. How happy

I was!

The definition of happiness always causes the public’s attention. Some

people believe that making a lot of money and earning great reputation are the

standard to define success, while some people think that spending more time with

their families deserves all the things and it is their bliss. In my opinion, the

meaning of happiness varies according to different people, but there is one

thing in common, which is their positive attitude to life. I am so lucky to born

in a happy family, and my parents give me all their love. Though we are

ordinary, I am so satisfy with my life now. I cherish the thing I have.

January 1st is New Year‘s Day. It‘s a great day for all the people throughout the world. As the saying goes, A good beginning is half the battle. So, many people go all out to celebrate the important day. On that day, I went to the Book City with my classmates. We bought a lot of useful reference books and interesting story books. I believe Knowledge is power. I hope I can learn a lot from these books and improve my study. In the evening, my family had a big dinner party. All the members in my family wished me a good luck in the new year.

我最喜欢的动物1

My favorite animals are swans.they are white.They can swim very well.I think they look like a beautiful girl in a white dress.They have a pair of wings and they can also fly well.I believe they are angles from the sky.They bring us love and make us happy.They are always friendly to us.We cant hurt them,because they are our friend.I love them!I like dogs,too.They are not beautiful,but they are the best friends.They keep the thieves away.Dogs have the best listening and eyes.They can hear in the noisy ,see in the dark.If we are in danger,they will help us at once.And they dont mind their lives.So,I love them.

我最喜欢的动物是天鹅。它们很洁白。它们很擅长游泳。我觉得它们看起来像一个穿着白色连衣裙的美丽女孩。它们替一对翅膀,并且可以飞。我相信它们是从天上来的。它们给了我们关爱,并且让我们快乐。它们对我们总是很友好，我们不能伤害他们，因为它们是我们的朋友。我爱它们!我也喜欢小狗，它们并不美丽，但他们是最好的朋友。它们可以防小偷。小狗有最好的听力和眼力。它们能在吵闹的环境中辩听出来,在黑暗中辩认出来.如果我们处于危险之中,他们将帮助我们脱离危险.它们从不吝啬它们的爱。所以，我爱它们。

我最喜欢的动物2

l like small animals, like the small animals to count my little black dog.

My little black dog she is cute! In black, shiny hairs, eyes with two white spots, like two white beads. On the head and on his thighs hair is very long, like a horse head to the ground. Straight ear, as if time in listening to what passed around. Thick and long broom tail swing, from time to time as a cleaner for free! More funny is that it always speaks with a wet nose toward me, like a sick child, seems to be very poor, in fact, I know it really want to play with me. In the invitation to me!

The little black dog temperament is very docile, very human nature. I get along with it for a long time, in love, it seems very understand me. Whenever I am angry, it squatted beside me quietly motionless and seems to want to accompany me through the sad time. I am happy, it will run up to and around me, "an auf" cried, very agreeable.

The puppy experience dangerous also have several times. Is the first time fell into the river, fortunately, was found to pull up, feed it to take medicine, good soon. And on several occasions by poison poison dog several times, but also by early treatment, will have to escape. From then on, it can sniff out those toxic food, what food non-toxic. Later, our dog never in poison. It very sharp!

I love my dog. I hope it will stay with me, to accompany me joyful growth!

我喜欢的小动物，最喜欢的小动物要数我家的那条小黑狗了。

我家的小黑狗可逗人喜欢啦!一身黑亮亮的绒毛，眼睛上面有两个白点，颇像两颗白色珠子。头上和大腿上的毛很长，像马鬓一样拖到地面。直楞楞的耳朵，好象时刻在倾听着周围有什么动静。又粗又长的扫帚尾巴不时摇摆着，像一个免费清洁工呢!更逗人的是它总翘着潮湿的鼻子向着我，像一个生病的孩子，看起来似乎很可怜，其实，我知道它很想和我玩。在向我发出邀请呢!

小黑狗的性情很温顺，很通人性。我和它相处久了，产生了感情，它好像很理解我。每当我生气的时候，它就静静地蹲在我身边一动也不动，似乎想陪我度过那难过的时间;我高兴的时候，它就会围着我跑来跑去，“汪汪汪”地叫着，很讨人喜欢。

小狗的经历危险也有几次。第一次是掉进了河里，幸好被人发现拉了上来，喂给它吃药，不久就好了。还有几次是被毒狗的人毒了几次，幸好也被及早治疗，才得脱险了。从那以后，它就能嗅出那些食物有毒，哪些食物无毒。后来，我家的狗再也没中过毒。它够机灵吧!

我喜欢我家的小狗。我希望它永远伴随我左右，陪我快乐成长!

我最喜欢的动物3

My home have a clever dog flow li, it has a beautiful name - the ball ball.

Ball ball body white as snow, two big eyes, nose and smooth detour, tail short, chopped far look like a small ball.

It particularly fond of sleep. One time, I take a shower, its in the sitting room east and west, then walk to a bedside table, really boring lives had a good stretch, belly up, carefree lying on the ground. Surface tilted his head to left, two small claw tightly embrace together, very intoxicated with close my eyes and fell asleep. When I take a shower, when he was looking for it to play, see it was fast asleep.

It is not only love to sleep, also very greedy. Remember once, we eat the delicious ribs, the ball ball saw this, he swallowed the mouth water, see it, I really dont have the heart to, had to throw a bone to the ground, the dog jumped up, quickly, he grabbed the bones, climbed to the bed, the Wolf to eat it, eat with relish.

This is my familys good sleep and greedy ball ball, do you like it?

我家有一只聪明怜俐的小狗，它有一个好听的名字—球球。

球球全身毛白如雪，铜铃大眼，鼻子滑漉漉的，尾巴短短的，远看就像一个小茸球。

它特别喜欢睡觉。有一次，我去洗澡，它在客厅东走走，西逛逛，实在无聊了便走到床头柜下，抻了个懒腰，肚皮朝上，悠然自得的躺在地上。小脑袋向左面歪着，两只小爪紧紧的抱在一起，很陶醉的闭上眼睛睡着了。等我洗完澡，正想找它玩的时候，看到它已经呼呼大睡了。

它不但爱睡觉，还很贪吃。记得有一次，我们吃着香喷喷的排骨，球球看见了，馋得直流口水，看到它的样子，我真的不忍心，只好向地上抛了一块骨头，小狗跳了起来，迅速地叼住了骨头，爬到了床底下，狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，吃得津津有味。

这就是我们家贪吃好睡的球球，你们喜欢它吗?

【导语】英语写作是中考中检测学生语言应用能力的最重要部分。提高中考写作水平，需要有效的训练。下面关于英语作文的写作方法，一起来阅读下文吧!

学生写作时，如果语句平平，只选用一些普通的、直截了当的词，那么，这样写出来的文章根本没有可阅读行，就像是一碗没有油盐酱醋面条一样，让人提不起一点精神和看下去的欲望，呆板、单调，没有可读性。如果一篇文章要让读者有可读性、有深度，同学们更应该掌握一些高级点词和语句来装饰你的文章，突出这篇文章的彩头，使文章增添文采，给读者以不一样的感受。具体方法可以参照下面的语句：

1. 画龙点睛，一篇文章的开头很重要。

在通常情况下，英语句子的排列方式为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即主语一般都会在谓语前面。但若根据情况适当改变句子的开头方式，比如在文章的开始的时候写一些倒状语句或以状语为起始语句的开头，这样子的文章更具表现力和感染力。如：

(1) There stands an old temple at the top of the hill.

→ At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

在小山顶上有一座古庙。

(2) You can do it well only in this way.

→ Only in this way can you do it well.

只有这样你才能把它做好。

(3) A young woman sat by the window.

→ By the window sat a young woman.

窗户边坐着一个年轻妇女。

2. 避免重复使用同一词语

为了使表达更生动，更富表现力，同学们在写作时应尽量避免重复使用同一词语来表示同一意思，尤其是一些老生常谈的词语。如有的同学一看到“喜欢”二字，就会立刻想起like，事实上，英语中表示类似意思的词和短语很多，如 love, enjoy, prefer, appreciate, be fond of, care for等。如：

I like reading while my brother likes watching television.

→ I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.

我喜欢看书，而我的兄弟却喜欢看电视。

3. 合理使用省略句

合理恰当地使用省略句，不仅可以使文章精练、简洁，而且会使文章更具文采和可读性。如：

(1) He may be busy. If he’s busy, I’ll call later. If he is not busy, can I see him now?

→ He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now?

他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

(2) If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If it is not fine, we’ll not go.

→ If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not.

如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去了。

(3) She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t do so.

→ She could have applied for that job, but she didn’t.

她本可申请这份工作的，但她没有。

4. 适当运用非谓语结构

非谓语结构通常被认为是一种高级结构，适当运用非谓语结构，会给人一种熟练驾驭语言的印象。如：

(1) When he heard the news, they all jumped for joy.

→ Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.

听了这消息他们都高兴得跳了起来。

(2) As I didn’t know her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

→ Not knowing her address, I wasn’t able to get in touch with her.

由于不知道她的地址，我没法和她联系。

(3) As he was born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

→ Born into a peasant family, he had only two years of schooling.

他出生农民家庭，只上过两年学。

5. 结合使用长句与短句

在英语写作中，过多地使用长句或过多地使用短句都不好。正确的做法是，根据实际情况在文章中交替使用长句与短语，使文章显得错落有致，这样不仅使文章在形式上增加美感，而且使文章读起来铿锵有力。如：

At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. Then we had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess.

→ At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.

中午我们晒着太阳吃野餐。休息一会儿后，我们唱的唱歌，跳的跳舞，还有的讲笑话、下棋，大家玩得很开心。

6. 适当使用短语代替单词

(1) He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up.

→ He has made up his mind to be a teacher when he grows up.

他已决定长大了当老师。

(2) He doesnt like music.

→ He doesnt care much for music.

他不大喜欢音乐。

(3) He told me that the question was now under discussion.

→ He told me that the question was now being discussed.

他告诉我问题现正正在讨论中。

7. 恰当套用某些固定表达

(1) He was very tired. He couldn’t walk any farther.

→ He was too tired to walk any farther.

他太累了，不能再往前走了。

(2) The film was very interesting. Both the teachers and the students liked it.

→ The film was so interesting that both the teachers and the students liked it.

这电影很有趣，学生和老师都很喜欢。

(3) Your son is old. He can look after himself now.

→ Your son is old enough to look after himself now.

你的儿子已经长大，可以自己照顾自己了。

8. 尽量使句子带点“洋味”

(1) Dont worry. Be bold and try it, and youll learn it soon.

→Dont worry. Just go for it, and youll get it soon.

别担心，大胆试一试，你很快就会学会的。

(2) Thank you for playing with us.

→Thank you for sharing the time with us.

谢谢你陪我玩。

9. 综合使用各类所谓的“高级”结构

(1) Now everyone knows the news. I think Jim must have let it out.

→ Now everyone knows the news. I think it must have been Jim who has let it out.

现在人人都知道这消息了，我想一定是吉姆把它泄露出去的。

(2) We had to stand there to catch the offender.

→ What we had to do was (to) stand there, trying to catch the offender.

我们所能做的只是站在那儿，设法抓住违章者。

(3) If her pronunciation is not better than her teacher’s, it is at least as good as her teacher’s.

→ Her pronunciation is as good as, if not better than, her teacher’s.

如果她的语音不比她的老师好的话，至少也不会比她老师的差。

10. 适当使用名言警句点缀

在写作时根据实际情况恰当地用上一两句名言警句来点缀文章，不仅使文章显得有深度、有智慧，而且会让文章在评分中上一个“得分档次”。如：

(1) As the proverb says, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Though you fail this time, you needn’t lose heart. As long as you work hard and stick to your dream, you will succeed one day.

(2) There is a proverb goes like this “Life isn’t a bed of roses.” It is ture that it is likely for everyone to meet problems and difficulties in life.

(3) In the modern world, more and more people live alone, which is not so good for our life. It is better for us to make more friends and enjoy friendship. Just as a proverb says, “A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman.”

一、要抓住事物的特征

一篇说明文写得好不好，主要看它有没有抓住事物的特征，写出来是不是使读者得到具体而明确的认识。比如，你参观了动物园，要向小读者介绍长颈鹿。什么是长颈鹿的主要特征呢?跑得快，斑纹美丽，这些都不是长颈鹿独具的特点。长颈鹿最主要的特征是脖子长，它是世界上最高的动物，母鹿身高四米多，公鹿五米左右，最高的记录是五米七八。它有四条又细又长的腿，还长着一个特别长的脖子。令人惊奇的是，它的颈椎骨只有七块，数目和人的颈椎骨一样。长颈鹿的七块颈椎骨排起来，就是它的长脖子，每块颈椎骨的长度就可想而知了。只有把这些写清楚，才算抓住了长颈鹿的主要特征，称得上是一篇较好的说明文。否则，你就说不明白。

那么，怎样去抓特征呢?

首先，要细致观察。文章是客观事物的反映，只有深入细致观察，才能对事物了解得清楚。河南郑州市七中刘伟同学写了一篇介绍《粉蝶》的说明文，文中对粉蝶的种类、形态、生活习性，粉蝶为什么不能在清晨飞舞，以及它对农作物有哪些危害等等，都写得清清楚楚，有根有据。这篇说明文曾被一些学校选为教材。刘伟同学为什么能写出这样好的文章呢?这是因为他平时时生物就有浓厚的兴趣，并且能亲自实践，仔细观察。两年里，他制作了四百多个标本，光粉蝶标本就制了三百多个，共有五、六个种类。他在谈体会时写道：

“昆虫的个体很小，特别是头部构造很难观察。我就向老师借了一个放大镜，我观察的东西就广泛了，昆虫中有粉蝶、蜜蜂、蝗虫、蜻蜓、蚊子、苍蝇等等;植物叶子中有柳叶、梧桐叶、榆叶、槐叶等等，还有草叶和花木……我常把放大镜、笔、记录本带在身边，上下学路上，去公园游玩时抽空作些观察，并记下主要观察内容。”

其次，要查阅资料。我们不能事事亲身经历，而说明文又要求特征准确，材料翔实，这就需要查阅有关的资料，靠前人总结出来的经验来印证。比如，有个在长沙读书的中学生，到北京旅游，参观了故宫，很想向同学们进行介绍。于是，他不但记下了参观的印象，还买了一张《故宫旅游图》和一本《北京十大名胜》，从中了解故宫的历史、地理位置和建筑特点。这样，他就知道：“故宫又名紫禁城，是我国明朝和清朝两代的皇宫，有五百多年的历史。整个宫城呈长方形，占地七十二万平方米，有大小宫殿七十多座、房屋九千多间。周围环绕着十多米高的城墙，墙外是五十多米宽的护城河。城墙的四角上，各有一个玲珑奇巧的角楼。故宫建筑群规模宏大，布局统一。我国明朝初年，为了修建这座宫城，曾经‘役使十万工匠和百万夫役。’故宫是我国古代劳动人民血汗和智慧的结晶。”上面说的这些具体数字、建筑特点，不查阅必要的资料，自然很难掌握。

最后，还要学会比较。世界上的事物千差万别，不同的事物有不同的特点，即使是一类事物，也各具特征。世界上没有绝对相同的两片树叶。孪生兄弟，长得再相似，也能区别出来。抓住事物的特征，就是抓住这个事物区别于其他事物的不同特点，从共性中发现个性，从一般中找到特殊。事物的特征往往在同别的事物相比较中显示出来。比如，要说明中国是一个大国，这个“大”字就很有学问。你可以直接说，中国的面积有九百六十万平方公里，也可以用比较的方法来说明。中国的面积，与法国比，有十七个法国大;与日本比，有二十五个日本大;与英国比，有三十九个英国大;我们祖国的面积，相当于整个欧洲。这样一比较，既具体，又生动，很有说服力。

总之，要抓住说明对象的特征，一方面靠亲身实践，细致观察，另一方面又要善于向书本和有经验的人学习，同时还要周密思考。学会比较，努力去熟悉所要说明的事物。

二、说明要有条理

要想写好一篇说明文，除了要抓住事物的特征外，还要掌握事物本身的条理。依据事物本身的条理来说明，就是要从复杂情况中理出头绪，把事物的特征，事物各部分的关系说清楚，所谓说明有条理，就是行文线索要清楚，层次要分明，不能想到哪里，写到哪里。如果颠来倒去地写，文章的头绪紊乱，同样也会说不明，道不白。叶圣陶先生写过一篇《景泰蓝的制作》的说明文，十分注意文章的条理性。作者抓住“做胎”“掐丝”、“涂色”、“烧制”、“打磨”五道关键的工序，对每道工序的制作和原理都做了详细的说明。结构严紧，条理清楚。

说明文有两种，一种是说明具体事物，如介绍一种新品种;一种是说明抽象事物，如“什么是世界?”。但是无论是具体事物还是抽象事物，都有其特征，都有它的构造和结构，只要我们遵循事物的规律，按照一定顺序加以说明，条理也就清楚了。

说明具体事物的文章，可以由上到下，由前到后，由外到内，由主到次地写，使读者容易了解各部分的相互关系。例如，你们学过的《第比利斯地下印刷所》一文，作者茅盾是这样介绍这个普通小院的结构的：

“这个院子跟附近的许多院子没有什么差别，周围是半人高的木栅栏;左边是一间独立的小屋，屋里有一口井;右边是两间正屋，每间大约一丈见方，前面有走廊;正屋的下面是个地下室，半截露在地面，是做厨房用的，从一边小梯子走下去。

——这样一个院子，在当年是第比利斯小市民住宅的标准样式。

读了这段文章，我们对这个地下印刷所的方位、构造和样式一目了然，就是因为作者按照这样的顺序来说明——由外到内，由左到右，由上到下。

有的同学在介绍具体事物的时候，没有事先根据这些事物的相互关系理清脉络，归纳分类，结果往往容易出现关系凌乱、层次不清的毛病。例如，有一篇介绍商品的文章是这样写的：

“青年食品商店出售各种罐头、干果、香烟和名酒。有菠萝罐头、桔子罐头!荔枝干，有中华牌香烟、牡丹牌香烟、前门牌香烟;有桂元干、葡萄干，有汾酒、竹叶青，还有清蒸元鱼罐头以及闻名世界的茅台酒等等，花色多样，品种齐全。”

这段话中所列举的商品，既有种概念，又有属概念，既有并列的关系，又有从属的关系。作者没有按照这些商品之间的内在关系归纳说明，而是想到哪里写到哪里，层次不清，条理不明。这段话应该改为：

“青年食品商店出售各种罐头、干果、香烟和名酒。罐头有菠萝罐头、桔子罐头、清蒸元鱼罐头等;干果有桂元干、葡萄干、荔枝干等、香烟有中华牌、牡丹牌、前门牌等;名酒有茅台酒、汾酒、竹叶青等。花色多样，品种齐全。”

说明抽象事物的文章，不但要说明事物是“这样的”，而且要进一步说明“为什么会这样的。”这就要按照人们认识事物的规律，步步深入地加以说明，或由浅入深，或由表及里，或由具体到抽象，或由原因到结果，或由现象到本质，或由数量到质量，或由特殊到一般等等。例如，鸟为什么会飞?人为什么会做梦?都属于这一类。如果是说明事物的变化发展过程，可以按照时间的顺序。如果属于介绍生产技术，可以按照生产的程序。只有按照事物本身的条理，来确定说明的顺序，文章才能写得眉目清楚。

当你读完这篇文章以后，请你不妨做做这样的练习：

假如你有一位在北京上学的朋友，暑假里，他想到韶山参观毛主席的故居(你住在韶山附近)，希望你陪他一起参观。但是，他不知道怎么走最方便，怎样才能顺利地找到你家。那么，请你写封信告诉他：你家的地址，从北京到长沙应该坐几次车，到了长沙，又怎样才能找到你的家，你家的四周有些什么可供辨认的特点和标志。要求使你的朋友看了你的信以后，在路上不必多打听就能顺利地找到你家。

三、说明文的语言要确切、简洁、通俗

确切：说明文内容的科学性和专业性都比较强，它要求语言要确切，不能夸大和缩小。比如，有个同学知道他们学校种了很多树，绿化搞得不错，他在《我们的校园》一文中写道：“我们学校的绿化面积在全市中学居首位。”这样写就有不够准确的地方。如果有人问：“贵校的绿化面积到底有多少?你怎么知道别的学校都不如贵校呢?”这位同学恐怕就不好回答，因为他只知道本校绿化搞得好，还来不及进行一番仔细的调查研究。所以，这句话可以改为：“目前，我校的绿化是全市绿化搞得好的学校之一。”加上“目前”二字，不包括“过去”和“未来”;加上“之一”，就不是“唯一”。这样就比较确切了。

语言确切，首先是用词准确。说明文最忌含糊其词，什么“大概”、“差不多”、“可能”……模棱两可，该肯定不肯定，该否定不否定，用来说明事物就不容易做到恰如其分。《中国石拱桥》一文中有这样一段话：“赵州桥横跨在洨河上……修建于公元六○五年左右，到现在已经一千三百多年了，还保持着原来的雄姿……赵州桥非常雄伟，全长五十点八二米，两端宽约九点六米，中部略窄，宽约九米。”

这段话中的数字，有的是约数，有的是确数。因为赵州桥在哪年建成，史书上已经找不到确凿的记载，所以只能说个约数;而赵州桥的长度，却精确到小数点后两位，这不但要说明实有其桥，而且从这些具体精确的数字，可以看出我国古代劳动人民的智慧。写说明文，一定要下功夫选取“最恰当的”、“最精确的”语言来表达。

简洁：语言简洁，就是精炼，干净利落，用尽可能少的话，把事物说清楚，不要罗嗦重复、拖泥带水。比如“大雪把铁路淹没无踪”，“下水游泳应注意些什么”，这两句话中的“无踪”和“下水”都是重复多余的话，应该删去。

为了做到说明文的语言简洁，还要防止不必要的“引伸”和“寓义”。有些同学习惯于写记叙文，喜欢形容和描写，初学写说明文，有时也要来一番“引伸”和“寓义”。比如，有一篇介绍《松树和柳树》的说明文，结尾是这样写的：

“我们既要学习松树坚强不屈的品格，又要学习柳树栽在哪里，就在哪里生根的精神。”

记事抒情的文章，自然可以这样写，说明文就没有必要了，写了反而“画蛇添足”，不简洁了。

通俗：语言通俗，就是运用群众中明白通顺的话，把本来是抽象的概念说得具体生动，把本来深奥的道理说得浅显易懂。下面，让我们看看这段说明：

几千年来，劳动人民注意了草木荣枯，候鸟去来等自然现象同气候的关系，据以安排农事。杏花开了，就好象大自然在传语要赶快耕地;桃花开了，又好象在暗示要赶快种谷子，布谷鸟开始唱歌，劳动人民懂得它在唱什么：“阿公阿婆，割麦插木。”这样看来，花香鸟语，草长莺飞，都是大自然的语言。

这些自然现象，我们古代劳动人民称它为物候。

以上一例，是关于什么是物候的说明。作者使用的语言通俗，说明具体而生动。它把气候变化和动物活动、植物生长、农业生产的关系都说清楚了。

说明文的语言要通俗，并不是不要生动、有趣。叶圣陶先生在《文章例话》中说：“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话，说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。”有些说明文运用拟人、比喻、引用等修辞手法，写得很有趣昧。例如：

(1)庄稼有了化学朋友，就不怕生物界敌人的进攻了。

(2)蜻蜓被誉为昆虫里的“飞行之王”。在闷热的夏季，暴雨将至或骤雨初歇，蜻蜓常常三五成群在空中飞舞。它好似一架飞机，而飞行技巧却远远高超于飞机之上。

(3)“白露早，寒露迟，秋分种麦正当时。”这是华北中部地区流行的一句农谚。这句农谚说明种庄稼要看节气。

例①运用拟人写法，读来颇有情趣。例②把蜻蜓和飞机相比，贴切生动，使被说明的事物变得浅显易懂。例③引用农谚，通俗地讲解了节气与种庄稼的关系。

Before I entered the middle school, I felt so worried about the life in middle school, because my cousin told me that I would have to compete with so many excellent students.

Now I get used to the life, I learn many subjects from Monday to Friday.

Though I always meet the difficulties in learning the new knowledge, I get help from my teachers and classmates.

I am not afraid of the middle school life again, I am so excited to learn new things every day.

In the future days, I will meet many challenges, I believe I can get over them. Life in middle school has happiness and sorrow, they fulfill my life.

在我进入初中以前，我很担忧初中的生活，因为我的表姐告诉我我将要和很多优秀的学生进行竞争。如今我适应了初中生活，我从周一到周五学习很多科目。虽然我总是在学习新知识时遇到困难，但是我得到了老师和同学的帮助。我不再害怕初中生活了，我对于每天学到新知识感到兴奋。在将来的日子里，我将会遇到很多困难，我相信我能克服他们。初中的生活有快乐也有忧伤，它们充实了我的生活。

[初中英语作文：初中生活

The Spring Festival is our Chinese nation an important festival to couplets, firecrackers, etc. staying-up late on new years Eve, pay New Years call. Different nationalities have different customs.

In the year thirty, our family changed new clothes and attached new Spring Festival couplets to welcome the arrival of the new year. In the evening, our family eats dumplings. The dumplings have a moral meaning: the money is rolling. Because dumplings are like a treasure, in ancient times Yuan Bao was money. Not certain staying-up late on new years Eve "spring", not "spring", there is no meaning staying-up late on new years eve. We were sitting on the sofa, laughing and laughing, watching the Spring Festival evening, and it was happy.

On the first day of the year, my father and I were sitting in their own car, walking on the new road. Although the cold wind was sharp, it was still very happy. When I arrived at Grandmas house, I got a big red bag with my grandmother for a year and thought: "Im rich this year!" And then the neighbours of grandmas neighborhood had a year of worship. Then came to the great uncles house, came to the great uncles house, and went to the paradise of the book, with the story, the science, the art... After dinner at the great uncles house, I received a red bag and some books, and I had to digest the books a little bit. Its a pleasure to come to the great uncles house.

Im really happy this year. Its a happy Spring Festival!

我开始学电脑的时候才九岁。妈妈是我的启蒙老师。我学会了如何打字，如何拷贝文件，如何上网登录网站。一天，妈妈不在家。我打开电脑，开始学着上网聊天。汤姆是我在网上遇到的第一个朋友。他礼貌地跟我打招呼。当他得知我才九岁优秀作文 ，而且对网上聊天一无所知时，他开始教我如何使用聊天工具，如何下载，以及如何发电子邮件。我从他那里学到了很多东西。

I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer. My mother is my first teacher. I know how to type, how to copy a file, and how to visit a web site on the Internet. One day, mom was not at home. I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net. The first one I met there was a boy called Tom. He greeted me politely. When he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl, and almost knew nothing about chatting on net,he started showing me how to use the chatting tools, how to download, and how to send e-mails. I learnt a lot from him.

Since the first day of my winter vacation, I’ve decided to make it a

valuable and enjoyable one. I made a plan to finish my homework within the first

week, and after days of hard working, I actually got all my assignments done a

day earlier. I am pretty proud of myself for not —as usual —hang out with my

friends until the last few days of my vacation and rush through my homework.

In the rest of my winter vacation, I made up my mind to improve my reading

skills. I’ve had tons of books that I simply bought and put them on my shelf,

wishing some day they would be finished themselves. But this time, I realized I

was not trying my best last term and decided to make some change. I finished a

couple of novels and watched some classic movies, I also went to a library to

borrow some new books for next term. The more I read the more enthusiastic I

became, and now I’ve developed my reading skills a lot.

Another event in my winter vacation is that I went to hiking with my

parents. It was a warm, sunny day, which is pretty precious during winter time.

I can still remember the scene when we drove

Li Hua spent too much time playing computer games and he fell behind

others. As a good friend of his, I must do something to help him.

Firstly, I think its very important for him to learn lessons well. He

should spend most of his time on his study instead of computer games. Secondly,

I must tell him that playing computer games too much is bad for his health,

especially for his eyes. So he must give it up. I can play more sports with him

after school. Maybe he will become more interested in sports than computer

games. And then Ill ask him to concentrate more on his study. Of course, I will

try my best to help him with all his subjects. I think I can do it in many fun

ways and let him find much fun in studying. At the same time, Ill ask both his

parents and our teachers to help him, too.

If I try these, Im sure he will make great progress soon.

As is known to all, China is popular for its emperor of bicycles. This is

because our country is still a developing country and few people can afford

private cars. The demand for a means of transport is met by making millions of

bicycles available. Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car.

First, it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. In contrast, sitting in the

car, one tends to gain weight. Besides, it is nmch more economical to ride a

bike than drive a car. On the one hand,the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is

the annual tax. However, the annual fees for a car are costly. On the other

hand, a bike neednt be equipped with a parking lot, but a car must. Most

important of all, it is beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because

the bike doesnt consume petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast,

the exhaust released by the car is harmful to the environment. Since China is a

developing country with a large population, bicycles will still be the most

popular means of transport in China for quite a long time. Most people will

still ride bicycles to go to work or to school. The emperor country of bicycles

will remain for at least dozens of years.

Last summer holiday, I visited to Xiamen with my parentsby plane. My

English teacher once told us that Xiamen is a beautiful city that worth of

visiting. We stayed there for four days. We lived in a small fishing village. On

the first day, we visited to Xiamen University and Nanputuo Temple. Xiamen

University is consideredas the most beautiful and romantic campus in China.

Indeed, its fantastic and its buildings are distinctive. On the second days, we

enjoyed the scenery of Jimei District. On the third day, We visited to Gulangyu.

Its amazing and I like it very much. There are many small specific stores.

However, the huge tourist visitors make the small island crowed. Anyway, it was

a pleasant trip.