初中英语说明文写作模板（精品20篇）

犯了错误不要紧，最重要是勇于承认错误和改正，下面是小编为您带来的是初中英语错误作文范例相关内容，希望对您有所帮助。

When I was 8, I lied to my parents in order to get my favorite toy, and then got hit by it. The mistake made me wiser.

When I was 10, my friends made an appointment with me in the morning, but I forgot the appointment and kept them waiting for a long time. Then I was criticized for a meal. The mistake made me know how to get along with others need good faith.

At the age of 12, it was our turn to be on duty, but I ran away to play basketball and was later fined. The mistake made me understand that everyone in our class is responsible.

Now, more mistakes come from exams, though they are careless little mistakes, but they make me grow knowledge and try to overcome careless mistakes.

However, mistakes have always been regarded as eyesore, and people are often very afraid of it, even call it "the devil"". Mistakes are people hate, maybe the error will lead to naught, perhaps mistakes will make people regret, perhaps the wrong people will eat get disheartened. However, it is because of the mistake, let a person assiduously, firm and indomitable, strong, and success. The world is like this, many things are often antagonistic, but they are also unified, as if there is no mistake, where success is like this. "Failure is the mother of success", this platitude and the ancient and modern, is just to confirm this point.

Edison, the inventor of the invention, did not know how many mistakes he had made. After many detours, he invented the electric lamp. Nobel didnt know how many experiments he had made and how many mistakes he made, and finally developed explosives...... Every earth shattering invention fills many errors into the ground and finally reaches the top.

Mistakes are not a "devil", it is sometimes more "angel", it is not a stumbling block to success, but the key to success, for the wrong, we should not be bored, but to appreciate the essence of mining.

Lets take good care of our mistakes!

8岁时，为了得到心爱的玩具，我竟向父母撒了谎，后来被挨了一顿揍。这次犯错误，使我更加懂事。

10岁时，朋友们约我早上去玩，我却忘记了约定，让他们等了许久，后来被指责了一餐。这次犯错误，使我懂得与人相处需要诚信。

12岁时，轮到我们值日，我却为了打篮球而逃跑，后来被罚扫。这次犯错误，使我明白班中事务我们每一个人都有责任。

现在，更多的错误来自于考试，尽管多是马虎的小错误，但是，却使我长了知识，努力克服粗心的毛病。

但是，错误却一直以来被人视为眼中钉，人们往往会非常惧怕它，甚至还称之为“魔鬼”。错误都是人们所厌恶的，也许是错误会导致前功尽弃，也许是错误会让人留下遗憾，也许错误会吃人灰心丧气。可是，正是因为错误，让人刻苦钻研，坚忍不拔，勇猛精进，以至走向成功。世界正是这样，许多东西往往是对立的，但是，它们也是统一的，就如没有错误，哪来成功这般。“失败乃成功之母”这句老生常谈的话以及古今中外的就刚好印证这一点。

“发明大王”爱迪生不知犯了多少错误，走了不少弯路，才发明了电灯；诺贝尔又不知经过了多少实验，犯了多少错误，最终才研制了炸药……每一项惊天动地的发明，正是填了许许多多的错误作地基，最终才到达了顶端。

错误并不是“魔鬼”，它有时更是“天使”，它不是通向成功的绊脚石，而是开启成功的钥匙，对于错误，我们不应厌烦，而是欣赏式地挖掘其中的精华。

让我们善待错误！

[初中英语错误作文范例

Every year, the thing I expect the most is the Spring Festival. My parents

work far from home and they come back one or two times a year. The Spring

Festival is the time they come home. Every time they come back, they bring mangy

things to me. When I was little, they bought me toys, new clothes and shoes.

Now, they often buy me books. They say more reading is good for me. They hope I

can learn more. The time spend with them is always happy but short. They only

have half a month at home. I hope they can stay at home longer.

March 12th is Tree Planting Day. This year our school bought enough trees

before that day . On that day , we didnt had classes . The teachers and our

classmates planted trees around our school.

We began to planted trees as soon as we got to school . some students dug

the holes . Some students put the trees into the holes.

Some students put the earth back to the holes. Then we pushed the earth

hard with our feet . At last we watered the trees as much as possible.

From then on we looked after the trees carefully and the trees grew very

well. It made our shcool more beautiful .And How happy we are!

在学习英语写作之前先来看下练习写作对你的英文有什么样的帮助：

好处1、辅助提升口语语言组织力

好处2、提升语法

好处3、帮助背单词和句型。

了解到联系英语写作带来的好处后让我们来看看学习英语写作有哪些方法：

零基础英语写作入门方法一：背单词

单词是英语写作的基本构成之一，拥有大量的词汇才能写出你想要的文章，背单词有很多方法用mp3在零碎的时间边听边背边写，还有单词前后缀记忆法等众多方法，只要掌握其中一种适合你的方法，就开始大量的充实你的词汇吧。

零基础英语写作入门方法二：语法

语法是将单词串联在一起变成文章的那根线，学习好语法是整个英语阅读的重中之重。推荐熟读语法俱乐部，同时搭配大量的阅读自己感兴趣的文章，在大量的语境中去领受感悟本书的妙处。

零基础英语写作入门方法三：长时间的练习

写日记，这是最简单最长久的写作练习你不需要有任何的准备，这是你会接触到最基础的写作练习，你可以写任何你感兴趣的事情，你要做的就是拿起笔和本子把自已生活上的点点滴滴用英文记录下来。下面就是我的第一篇英文日记！

"today i rest,i stayed at home.sister call me go to the mother.i want not go there,because i must go to the company .去领 clothes.刚刚上完课come back.at home i find my 皮 shoes.now 要穿皮shoes了,write 日记好搞笑，还可以写点english了,i believe 以后 i sure i会更好。”

大家可能会看不懂这篇文章。你可能会觉得很好，说老实话当我现回过头去看我以前的日记我看了也觉得很好笑。但这就是我的第一篇英文日记，我的英文写作就是从这里开始的。你会发现写得非常直白，简直就是中文翻译毫无语法可言。但没有关系每个人开始都是这样的。

在写日记的开始阶段，你可能会像我这样不知道怎么去写或跟本无法组织语言，你可以像我这样按自已大脑里中文的想法去写，把会的单词都写上去不会的就用中文代替。在这个阶段你更多的是在使用你所学的词汇，有时候你会觉得这样很好玩。每天坚持写一篇，慢慢的你会发现你用的中文越来越少了有时候整篇文章都可以用英文写出来，随着你英语学习的进度不断推进，你在写句子的时候你不会直译了，你开始吧语法考虑到你的语言组织里面去。

当你要表边一个句子又找不到这个单词的时候，这种映像会深深的印在你的脑海里，当你在收集单词时候你就会注意收集那些非常实用的单词了。你会背更多的单词因为你想终有一天我的整篇文章是用英文写的。对于初期的写作，我认为就是这样写吧，请注意兴趣的培养。

1)做模版：拿几片范文，找几句比较拽的结构型句子，拼凑出一个你自己顺手的框架即可。不用到处找，也不用找很多，一个框架即可，当然，准备一些可以替换的词：比如recommendation替换conclusion.漂亮句子很多，但若水三千，我只掬一瓢饮。

2)找出主要的错误类型，每种写出一道两句经典的表述即可。

3)考时30分钟分三个阶段：一)12-15分钟，写出完整的第一段，三个征文段的topic sentence，和完整的末段。写第一段的同时就构思topicsentence,末段无非是重复结论和三句topic。这样的好处是结构已经完整了，你不用慌了。。二)13-10分钟，完成三段正文。我以前觉得这个很困难，后来想通了。无非是把这层意思说清楚就行。3句话就够了。也够长了。三)5分钟check.还一个作用时，是在前面没有完成，还有一个buffer,也不至于弹尽粮绝。

4)非常措施：考试万一时间不够，首段就抄原句;如果时间还不够，末段就cut-paste首段和topic 的文本，稍加修改即可。但是，结构是完整的。

5)ok作文法的精髓和适用范围：精髓：看上去很美。适用范围：不想得6分的人(因为想的6分的人追求的是实际上也很美。如果运气好，可以的5分，运气不好，可以的4分。

One of my favorite celebrities are great nightingale.Florence Nightingale was born in Britain in 1820,a wealthy family.Her parents hope she study of literature and art.Regardless of her parents objection,resolutely choose a nurse.By the 1950s,the Crimean war,Britains battlefield warriors mortality at 42%.Florence Nightingale initiative for field nurses.She tried to eliminate all kinds of difficulties,the solution for injuries to food and supplies for them,the nursing.Every night,her hand,the lamp patrol tele-education affectionately known her for ms lantern.After the war,the nightingale was returned to England,people for a national hero.In 1910,nightingale died.For the expression of her admiration,people put her birthday - May 12th as "international nurses day".After the nightingale died,follow her wills,not a state funeral.Later she is "etc the angel" and "lantern."

听、说、读、写既是学习英语的四种基本手段也是英语学习者的四项基本技能，其中写作是最为关键的输出部分，并且在高中英语教学中越来越受到重视。你喜欢狗狗吗?你有养宠物狗的爱好吗?下面是小编为你整理的my dog初中英语作文，希望对你有帮助! my dog初中英语作文篇1

The puppy home grow very cute, round head set with a pair of amber big eyes. It has a powder doodle tongue, summer is always stretch out a large margin. Its limbs strong and ZhaoJian is white. Really cute. One day, a small black dog chew bones, puppy immediately flee to rebound. A little black dog a glimmer, let puppies flapping empty air. Then, the puppy fiercely stand up, its body extension forward, sloping, tail, a pretty, "shout" to swoop in little black dog. Black dog a strange call and puppy takes. They are "bow-wow" monkey ShangCuan next leap up. The puppy seize opportunity, ruthlessly put a little black dog legs bite, little black dog bellow out a cry and limped its tail between its legs down bone passed. The puppy licked his body lie on the ground, and with relish eating "trophies". my dog初中英语作文篇2

I have a little dog. Its name is Googlo. He is three years old. He has two big eyes. Theyre black. He has one blue ear and one black ear. He is clever.

I like my Googlo. He likes playing with me. He can bark, jump and run. He can play football, basketball and volleyball. He likes playing football very much. He likes some fruit, such as apples, bananas, oranges, pears and watermelons. He enjoys his snacks.

I love my dog--Googlo. He is very interesting. my dog初中英语作文篇3

I have a lovely lttle dog named Dion. He looks pretty with short legs, big ears and short tail. He is my good friend and he is also easy to take care of. I walk him at least twice a day, feed him and spend time with him. He also gives his love to me in return. He is always there to lick me and lie on me. I like playing with him. I think he can tell when I am happy, sad, angry or toubled. Sometimes he can be noisy and run around the room. In a word, he is not only my dog, but also my friend.

[my dog初中英语作文

Recently we have held a class meeting to discuss what is considered to be

honorable behavior and what is shameful. It is really a pity to see all this in

our school.Some students dont respect their teachers or parents.Some dont take

their studies seriously and cheat in exams.Some throw wastes everywhere and

pollute the environment .It is honorable to obey the law and rules , care much

about our class and study hard.It is shameful to break school rules, to be

selfish or to make little effort to achieve success.We should respect others and

think more of them than of ourselves.We should work hard and make much more

progress to repay the society. We should try our best to keep the environment

clean。

导语：军训开始了，烈日下的坚持，寒风冷雨中的站立，让我看到本身坚持的一面;绷直的双腿，挺直的后背，也让我看到本身自律的一面。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语日记，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

It was six o’clock, I woke up on time. Today was a newday. After tidying up the room and brushing teeth, we were ready to go to havetraining. We let the class on the line, and made them walked one after another.The weather was so hot and let us feel bad, but we could do this. If you dosomething by heart, we will succeed. The trainer was satisfied with us andsuddenly we had a rest.

At noon, we had lunch. Then, we turned back to ouraccomadation. My feet were seriously hurt but I had no complaint. Then I mademy bed and had sleep.In the afternoon, we learned some kinds ofsteps,’One,two,three!’ Our sounds came loudly. We had stayed together in for 3days. Our teacher was happy to see our progress too. At night, we had moretraining and many unforgetful things. The moon was shining, not only on thesky, but also in our heart.

【参考译文】

六点了，我按时醒来了。今天是新的一天。整理房间和刷牙后，我们准备去训练。我们让班上的学生排队，让他们一个接一个地走着。天气太热，让我们感觉不好，但我们可以做到这一点。如果你做的心，我们会成功的。教练很满意我们突然我们休息。

中午，我们吃了午饭。然后，我们又回到我们的住宿。我的脚受了重伤，但我没有怨言。然后我便为我的床上，睡了。在下午，我们学到了一些种类的步骤，一，二，三!我们的声音传来。我们曾一起在天。我们的老师也很高兴看到我们的进步。在晚上，我们有许多难忘的事情和培训。月亮的光辉，不仅在天空，也在我们的心里。

Everyone always has a good Sunday. On Sundays， everybody does some things what he like.

Last Sunday， Jack had a relaxing Sunday. He got up 6 o’clock. After breakfast， Jack played basketball with his friends. They were very happy. Then he played the guitar in the room. And he sang songs very loudly. Though it’s very relaxing for him， it also make very noisy for neighbors. Maybe he should turn down the music. At noon， jack fed his pet cat henry. He is Jack’s favorite. Jack always play with him on the weekends. At night， he watched TV on the sofa. At the some time， he ate many delicious snacks. So he really had a great time.

At the of day， jack thought if I always have a relaxing Sunday like today. I will become the happiest boy all over the world.

good environment can make people feel happy and fit . to improve the environment means to improve our life.

we should plant more trees and flowers around us . we shouldn’t cut them down . we should stop factories from pouring waste water into the river and waste gas into the air.

whenever we see litter on the ground , we should pick it up and throw it into dusbins. never spit in public. don’t draw on public walls. it’s our duty to protect the environment.

Christmas as a grand festival of the west, in addition to the Christmas

tree, also cannot little taste delicious food. Before Christmas Turkey dinner is

a case card main course, people might do in a microwave oven, the holidays a lot

of people now is in outside restaurant to have dinner, merchants can also use

the opportunity to make money out of customers, of course, there are many

Christmas food, ginger bread, candy, and so on.

In addition, people also give gifts to each other, this is the childrens

favorite, often can get lots of presents.

铭仁园高三话题类作文常用短语与句型荟萃(一)----旅游&交通

本话题主要包括：1.旅游；2.描述一次旅程；

针对本话题，高考命题人员可能会从以下角度来命题。

1.描述个人旅游经历 2. 谈旅行中的不文明现象 3 .太空旅游、生态旅游 4.度假方式的变化及其原因5.旅游计划的拟订、准备及注意事项 一、话题常用单词

1. travel/journey/trip/tour n.旅游，旅行 16. a group/organized tour n. 团体游

2. travel agency n. 旅行社 17. a self-driving tripn. 自驾游

3. guiden. 向导，导游 18. destinationn. 目的地

4. flight ticketn. 机票 19. sceneryn. 风景，景色

5. passport n. 护照 20. disadvantage n. 不利条件

6. visan.签证 21. insurancen. 保险

7. identity card(ID) 身份证 22. interesting/ funny/ exciting adj 有趣的

8. tent n. 帐篷 23. enjoyable令人愉快的

9. camp n&vi. 露营 24. memorable 令人难忘的

10. hoteln. 旅馆 25. attractive/fascinatingadj 迷人的

11. necessity n. 必需品 26. boring/dull/tiringadj.无聊的

12. schedule n. 计划表，日程表 27. well-organized adj 组织有序的

13. tourist attractions/places of interest 28. convenient adj 方便的，便利的 /scenic spots/sights旅游景点 29. crowded adj 拥挤的

14. DIY tour n. 自助游 30. severe/seriousadj 严重的 15. space tourism n. 太空旅游

二、话题常用短语

1. go on a wildlife tour/a hiking trip

参加野生动物之旅/去远足

2. be on holiday/a trip to sp 去某地度假/旅行

3. see sb off 送行

4. pay a visit to sp/sb 参观某地/拜访某人

5. show sb around 带领某人参观

6. set out/off 出发，启程

7. check in 登记住宿

8. check out 结账退房

9. have a good time/enjoy oneself/have fun 玩的开心

10. broaden one’s horizon/mind 开拓视野

11. eich one’s knowledge丰富知识

11. experience foreign culture 体验国外的文化

12. join a tour group参加旅游团 三、话题常用句型

1. He who travels far knows much. 远行者见闻多。

2. Travelling can eich our knowledge.旅游可以丰富我们的知识。

3. Travelling enables us to learn a lot that we cannot get from books 旅游可以使我们学到很多在书本上学不到的东西。

4. It’s my pleasure to tell you how to get to the Great Wall. 我很乐意告诉你如何到达长城。

5. Welcome to Sichuan. I feel it an honor to be your guide. 欢迎来到四川。我很荣幸能够担任你的导游。

6. I will keep you company to visit numerous places of interest.我将陪你去参加许多的名胜古迹

7. A visit to Sichuan will be an unforgettable experience. 到四川旅行将会令人难忘。

8. There are many places of interest in Sichuan, such as…四川有很多名胜古迹，比如…

9. Sichuan is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world-famous places of interest.

四川有很多景点，并且享有很有世界著名的名胜古迹。

10. However, travelling may cause some problems. 然而，旅行可能会造成一些问题。

11. Great changes have taken place in the ways that people spend their holidays in the past decades. 在近几十年内，人们的度假方式已经发生了巨大的变化。

四、佳作欣赏

nick,将于八月来四川旅游，特来询问，有关旅游景点的情况，请根据，提供的要求写封回信，表示盼望他的到来

要点：1.旅游资源：许多世界著名的风景名胜，如九寨沟（海子：清澈见底，色彩斑斓）；都

江堰水利工程（2000年的历史，仍发挥作用） 2.相关信息： 气侯适宜，交通方便。

Dear Nick,

Im glad to hear that youre coming to Sichuan in August. Youve made the wise choice to travel here. Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world-famous places of interest, such as Jiuzhaigou and Dujiangyan Irrigation Projcet.

Jiuzhaigou is well known for its beautiful lakes, of which the water is clear and looks colorful. It can excite visitors imagination. Another attraction is Dujiangyan Irrigation Project. It was built over 2,000 years ago and is still playing an important part in irrigation today. Besides, the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoyable. Im sure youll have a good time. Im looking forward to your coming.

假设你是李华，父母答应你今年高三毕业后去美国进行为期10天的观光旅游。请你给美国网友Lucy 写一封电子邮件，咨询以下事情：1. 不随团旅游的食宿、交通等问题。2. 必看景点与时间安排 3. 邀请她到中国观光。

Dear Lucy

How are you doingMy parents have just promised me to make a 10-day tour of America after my graduation from senior high school this summer, which will be a good chance for me to experience American culture and practice my oral English.

As I don’t like to join a tour group, could you please offer me some advice on where to stay, what to eat and how to travel in such a short timeI would appreciate it if you could tell the must-see attractions and the time arrangement. Your advice will surely make my visit enjoyable and worthwhile.

Welcome to China at your convenience. Looking forward to your early reply.

范文二：文明旅游

有些旅游景点的文物景观遭到了严重的破坏，致使最近文明旅游的倡议越来越受重视，因此就“游客可付费在仿造长城上涂写留言”发表看法。

内容包括：(1)谈谈对某些人喜欢在旅游景点随便涂鸦留言的看法;

(2)对专门修一段仿造城墙让游客付高价留言的做法你是赞成还是反对，并简要陈述你的理由。

It is reported that tourists to China’s Great Wall can now leave their mark on a fake(伪造的) wall recently built near the real wall in Badaling if they pay 999 yuan.

In China, many visitors have the hobby of carving graffiti on places of interest, especially on some famous cultural relics. Last year I went to the Great Wall and found many people had left names and ugly words on the Wall, which destroys many historic bricks. In my opinion, such people should feel ashamed of leaving their marks on the great relics which were created by our ancestors.

So personally, I quite agree with this brilliant project though it has caused criticism from some people. The Great Wall would be ruined one day if we didn’t take any steps to protect it. The fake wall is a really good idea because it will protect our relics as well as making profits from the project

写作技巧就是表现时运用的方法，是作者为表情达意而采取有效艺术手段。语文说明文的写作技巧，我们一起来了解一下。

一、 说明文的定义

说明文是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人知识的文章体裁。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词、科学小品等。

二、 说明文的特点

说明文的特点是说，而且具有一定的知识性。这种知识，或者来自有关科学研究资料，或者是亲身实践、调查、考察的所得，都具有严格的科学性。为了要把事物说明白，就必须把握事物的特征，进而揭示出事物的本质属性，即不仅要说明是什么，还要说明为什么是这样。应用性说明文一般只要求说明事物的特征，阐述性说明文则必须揭示出问题的本源和实质。 说明文是客观地说明事物的一种文体，目的在于给人以知识：或说明事物的状态、性质、功能，或阐明事理。《中国石拱桥》属于前者，它以赵州桥和卢沟桥为例说明中国石拱桥不但形式优美，而且结构坚固的特征。《大自然的语言》属于后者，文章科学地说明了物候学知识。说明事物特点和阐明事理是说明文的两种类型。

三、 说明文的常用说明方法及作用

1、说明的方法有：下定义,作诠释,举例子,列数字,打比方,作比较,分类别,引资料,摹状貌,做图表 2、明白各种方法的作用。

举例子：这里使用了举例子的说明方法，具体说明了 这种说明方法的作用是使说明的对象具体形象，便于读者理解。

作比较：这里拿和作比较，突出(具体)说明了 作比较用于突出强调被说明对象的特点(地位、影响等)。

列数字：这里使用了列数字的说明方法，准确说明了 (列举了的数字，准确说明了)其作用是使说明准确无误，令读者信服。

分类别：分类别的作用是使说明条理清楚。

打比方：它的主要作用是使说明对象生动形象，增强文章的趣味性。

作诠解：用于解释被说明内容的成因及内在联系。

下定义：其作用是科学准确地解释说明对象的内涵，使说明更严密。

画图表：可使说明内容直观形象。

摹状貌：使说明生动形象，使文章更具可读性。

3、有时说明文借用其他修辞手法来帮助说明，这些手法的作用分析应当紧紧围绕说明对象，依照说明文的要求。

四、 如何写好说明文

如何使说明文物理并重、形神兼备的呢?首要的一点是观察。说明文写作的前提是对要说明的事物非常熟悉。要做到这一点，就要养成认真观察、深入了解的习惯：

观察要有针对性。要带着问题观察，而不是走马观花、浮光掠影。最好能在观察前列出观察提纲，观察时要记笔记、画图标。要善于提出问题。

观察时要分清主次。这就要求我们注意观察的顺序。观察有概括性观察和特写性观察之分。前一种方法有助于抓住事物的概貌，后者则利于把握观察对象的细节和特征。由概括到特写、由全局到局部，是观察的一般原理。

观察重在事物的形。要想传神，写出事物的内涵、原理等，则需要有很好的查阅资料、作调查的能力。比如我们要写一篇文章来说明洛阳牡丹。在写好它的形状、颜色、品种之外，如果能够考察一下洛阳牡丹的来历、其中的牡丹名品在培育中的科学原理，这篇文章就会有说服力，使读者更深刻地认识到洛阳牡丹的文化特色。这就要求我们具备相当的知识积累、广阔的知识面和优秀的调查能力。作为小学生，应当从小注重积累知识和调查能力的训练。比如通过剪报、记笔记、上图书馆和阅览室等途径来有意识地训练自己。

写作说明文还要注意说明的顺序。有合理的顺序，文章才能条理清晰，让人看得明白。说明顺序一般有三种，即空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序。间顺序一般有从上到下、从左到右、从前到后、从远到近等。时间顺序一般有从古到今、从过去到现在等。逻辑顺序有从现象到本质、从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从整体到部分、从概括到具体等。什么是合理的顺序呢?这要根据人们认识事物的过程以及说明对象本身的特征、规律而定。说明事物的形状、构造等，往往以空间为顺序;说明事物的成因、方法，往往以时间为顺序;说明事物的事理，往往以逻辑关系为顺序。

当然，大多数说明文会综合使用多种说明顺序。因此，在写作时，我们要合理地安排好说明顺序，理清说明文的结构层次。常用的结构层次有并列式、层进式和总分式三种。比如我们以水为题目进行写作，可以先写水的外形特征，再写水的分类，然后写水的用途，这是并列式的写作层次。我们也可以先写水的外形，再写水的成因，最后写水给人类带来的利与害，这是层进式的结构层次。先概括水的用途和特征，再一一细述，就是总分式。结构层次能力需发同学们在长期的写作过程中培养。

①1782年4月，法国巴黎的一位采石工人劈开了一块巨大的石头，眼前的一幕让他惊呆了：石头里面藏着4只蟾蜍，它们竟然都还活着。石头被劈开后，这4只蟾蜍蹦了出来，看起来还很有活力。

②科学家对这里的石灰岩层进行了科学测定，证实它们形成于100多万年之前，也就是说这4只蟾蜍在石层中已经冬眠100多万年了。

③这件事让人们大为惊诧，这4只蟾蜍竟然能活100多万年！它们是怎么在这100多万年里保持着生命的活力的呢？

④我们谁都渴望长寿，可是人类和其他动物的寿命都是有限的。一只狗可以活15年到20年，一匹马可以活30年到40年。无论是人类还是动物，生命都是有限的。一般来说，人的生命极限为200至250年，而普通的蟾蜍的生命极限也只是10年。

⑤可是这4只小小的蟾蜍竟然能够挑战生命的极限，存活了100万年，这令人唏嘘不已。

⑥面对这样的生命奇迹，人们不禁要问：“在如此漫长的时间内，这些蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下，是怎么维持生命的呢？这些能生存百万年的老寿星们，它们是怎么修炼出长寿秘诀的呢？”

⑦有科学家分析说，可能是这些动物在冬眠的时候地壳发生了变动，它们所在的淤泥变成了岩石，这些岩石虽然看起来很坚固，其实存在着不少微小缝隙，所以水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，它们便可以生存了。但是，动物要维系生命，还需要一定的热量，尽管蟾蜍或青蛙在冬眠时热量消耗非常低，但它们自身的热量，无论如何也无法维持数千年甚至数万年之久啊！

⑧有科学家解释说，蟾蜍能经过上百万年仍有生命体征，得益于它们生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下。封存它们的岩层或矿层就是这样一个恒温的环境。在这样的环境下，它们不会受到任何外界的刺激，天气阴晴冷暖、四季交替对它们都没有什么影响。蟾蜍实际上等于把生命贮藏了起来，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。

⑨还有科学家认为，蟾蜍长寿是因为它们体内有一种甘油在起作用。美国的一位科学家就曾做过这样的实验：他先把几只快要冬眠的青蛙放到零下6度的环境中，一周之后，他给青蛙慢慢地提高温度解冻，并检查青蛙的肌肉成分，结果发现它们的肌肉中多了一种甘油。所以他认为，蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

⑩另有一些科学家认为，上述解释都还不够充分。迄今为止，对于蟾蜍和青蛙如何长久维持生命的问题，科学家们还没有形成一致的结论。但随着生物科学的迅速发展，相信这个谜团最终会被解开，这可能还会对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用呢。

(选自2014年2期《学生天地 》初中版)

1.对于蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下得以长寿的原因，科学家有哪几种解释？请作简要概括。

2.选文第③段中加着重号的“这件事”指代什么？

3.选文第④段加线句运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？

4.简析第⑩段加着重号的词语“可能”的作用。

参考答案：

1.①包裹蟾蜍的岩石存在着不少微小缝隙，水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，蟾蜍便可以生存了。②蟾蜍生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。③蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

2.4只蟾蜍在一块巨大的石头里活了100多万年。

3.用列数字的说明方法，真实具体地说明了一般动物的寿命是有限的。

4.“可能”表推测，说明蟾蜍长寿谜团被解开，也许对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用，“可能”体现出说明文语言的准确性、科学性特点。

一、四级作文概述

四级作文是提纲作文，一般按提纲写出相应段落即可。在文章内容上无需追求高深新颖，切题合理便可落笔；在思路逻辑上则要求句意通顺，文字流畅；在文字表现上要求无语法错误，个别小错可忽略(如动介搭配，单词拼写等不涉及语法类小错)。另外，值得一提的是，在篇章结构上建议写三段，所以即便题目只给出两个提纲，最好在完成两个提纲后，再多补充一段，所补内容不限，但须跟话题相关。

二、四级作文例题分析

(1) The Shortage of Fresh Water

1. 目前淡水资源非常紧缺

2. 为什么会出现这种情况

3. 该如何解决

96年6月份曾考过此题，今天来看，似乎更有现实意义。这是一道负面社会现象题，那么挖掘其背后根源，并找出解决方案，就成为探讨的主要方面，而提纲也正是如此。三个提纲各属其类，界限清晰，直接按提纲写三段即可。段1为提出现象，确立研究对象。提纲1翻译后仅一句话，作为一段话则显内容单薄，字数匮乏，所以需进一步发挥。不妨从例证角度扩充，举例时即可基于国内现状，也可纵观全球，显然前者更易行。可从我国西南地区的生活缺水，水价上升，以及河流干涸等细节方面铺陈。段2是原因分析，建议分析主观原因和客观原因两方面。所谓主观原因即是基于人的思想意念，心理意识，行为动机以及行为举措，比如人们节约意识的淡漠或者人们误认为淡水取之不尽等不当想法。而客观原因则是从非人角度出发，如社会发展，人口激增，甚至污染的加剧等方面出发，这些因素均使得淡水消耗的增加。当然，考场上由于时间紧迫，无法细想，可能会写出的两个全是主观类或客观类的原因，其实也无妨，只要二者不同即可，谨防虽言明两原因，但实则彼此混淆，出现逻辑不清的窘况。段3是措施分析，措施可从官方措施和民众措施两方面写起，也可加入作为现代年轻人，我该如何约束自己，从生活中小事做起节约水资源等内容。总之，在内容上考生尽可发挥想象力，纵马驰骋，原则依旧：切题者皆可。

(2)Part-time Jobs for College Students

1.目前大学校园里很多学生业余时间做兼职

2.对于大学生是否该做兼职工作，人们看法不一

3.我的看法

这是一道校园话题，在内容上即涉及现象，又涉及观点，能很好地考察到学生的综合分析能力。提纲1依旧是现象提出，看到提纲1，大家脑海里会浮现很多熟悉的场景，如校园布告栏里张贴着的兼职广告，校园论坛上也经常发布的一些兼职信息等等，这些都可反映在段1中。所以当我们第一眼看到话题或提纲时，脑海中常常会浮现出相关场景，把这些画面定格，进行详细描绘即可，即自然又切题。当然，段1也可从学生的兼职渠道以及兼职类型等方面加以发挥。总之，提纲是总领，而符合总领的任何附属内容都可写。段2是人们对此学生兼职的不同看法，一正一反。切记在表达上述两类观点时，提出其相关论据。段3是提出作者本人看法。本人看法既可选择上述任一方(只要不极端)，也可提出与上述均异的第三类观点，对于极度偏激的正反方观点则需做一番调和与勾兑(这个一般很少见)。需要提醒的是，继提出己方观点后，还应补充其他内容，如论据；也可写我的下一步做法，甚至可写我所认为的大家对此问题所应采取的对策云云。

(3)Private Cars of Today

1.目前私家车越来多了

2.私家车为人们带来的益处和问题

这道题只有两个提纲，所以建议在完成提纲要求内容之后再补充一段相关内容，可以在提纲2之后续补段3(如举措类：如何合理地限制私家车的出行以减少废气排放等等)，也可在1，2之间插入一段(如原因分析，即为何私家车越来越多)。先来看提纲1，依然是事实陈述，看到提纲1，会很容易联想到马路上川流不息的过往车辆，以及高峰期令人沮丧的堵车，那么即可将这些内容付诸笔端。再看提纲2，是私家车给人们生活带来的影响，该事实是一中性事实，则需辩证地分析其影响的两面性，一方面它带来好处，如让人们的出行变得更自由更方便，另一方面它带来坏处，如排放废气，污染环境，或造成交通堵塞等等。

I am always shy and afraid of standing in front of a lot of people, so I

dont have many friends. In my heart, I desire to make a lot of friends and hang

out with them. I know my problem. I am not confident and if I show my humor,

surely other students will notice me. So I decide to join activities. I take

part in a drama group. It can not only enhance my confidence, but also helps me

to make friends. Soon I become confident and more students know me. Whats more,

many students ask me to join their group. I conquer my fear and grow up.

How to protect the environment

Good environment can make people feel happy and fit . To improve the environment means to improve our life.

We should plant more trees and flowers around us . We shouldn’t cut them down . We should stop factories from pouring waste water into the river and waste gas into the air.

Whenever we see litter on the ground , we should pick it up and throw it into dusbins. Never spit in public. Don’t draw on public walls. It’s our duty to protect the environment.

I am Alice. I am a student of No.1 Middle School. I study in Class Two

Grade Seven.

There is a map of our school on the wall. The playground is in the middle

of the school. On the left of the playground, there is a library. I like reading

very much, so I often read books in the library. There is a teaching building

behind the library. We study in that building. My classroom is on the second

floor in that building. The teachers offices are in that building, too. Where

is the sport hall? Oh, its on the right of the teaching building. I have P.E

class in the sport hall. The canteen is in front of the sport hall. We have

lunch and dinner in the canteen. In the school, I feel very happy!

This is my school. Its a big and nice place. I like my school very much.

What about your school?

自我介绍初中英语作文篇1

My Chinese name is Peng Wanjun and English name is Alice. Im a girl in my 12 years old. I like singing and acting. Besides, I like doing sports. Table tennis is my favorite sport. I have a brother and a sister. They are middle school students. I study in Xing Gong Primary School. Im in Class Two Grade Four. I have three best friends. They are Huang Yue, Xia Yu and Wang Tongtong. We have many things in common. Do you like me?

我的中文名字叫彭万军，英文名字是爱丽丝。我是一个12岁的女孩。我喜欢唱歌和表演。另外，我喜欢运动。乒乓球是我最喜欢的运动。我有弟弟和姊姊。他们是中学生。我在兴工小学学习。我在四年级二班。我有三个最好的朋友。他们是黄阅，夏雨和王彤彤。我们有很多共同之处。你喜欢我吗?

自我介绍初中英语作文篇2

Hello,everyone. Now please allow me to do an introduction. My name is Li Lei. I’m 14 year old. My birthday is on October 11th. My favourite book is twilight. I really love to read the books about vampires. My hobby is singing. Some people say I’m a good singer.My favourite singer is Justin Biber.I think he is a great singer. I love to sing his songs. Besides singing, I love shopping very much. If I have time, I will go shopping with my friends.I’m really good at English, if you have any questions, you can ask me, I will do my best to help you. We can be the best friends forever. Thank you.

大家好,现在请允许我做自我介绍。我的名字叫李蕾。我今年14岁了。我的生日在10月11日。我最喜欢的小说是暮光之城。我非常喜欢那些关于吸血鬼的书籍。我的爱好是唱歌。有人说我唱得很好听。我最喜欢的歌手是贾斯汀比伯。我认为他是个很棒的歌手。我很喜欢唱他的歌

除了唱歌,我还喜欢逛街初中自我介绍英语作文(5篇)自我介绍。如果我有时间,我就会和朋友去逛街。我的英语很好,如果你有什么问题,你可以问我。我会尽我最大的努力帮助你。我们可以成为一生的好朋友。

自我介绍初中英语作文篇3

Good morning, everyone! It’s a great honor for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and I’m fifteen years old. I come from Dalian city which is a beautiful and attracting place. Wish you can visit there and I believe that you will be impressed. English and movie are my favorites which can help me learn and relax. I like making friends, especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk. I hope to make progress with my friends. Thank you.

大家早上好。我很荣幸向大家介绍我自己。我叫Serena，今年十五岁。我来自美丽的海滨城市大连。希望你们可以去那旅游，我相信你们一定会对它留下深刻印象的。英语和电影是我的爱好，它们能够帮助我的学习，使我放松初中自我介绍英语作文(5篇)。我喜欢交朋友，特别是和我有共同兴趣的人。我觉得我们有很多可以分享可以聊的东西。我希望和我的朋友共同进步。

Today, people count on the high-tech products so much, we can see no matter

where we are, we could find people low down their hands, playing their

cellphones. About two years ago, it is very popular that people shopping online,

now as the function of cellphone has been highly developed, people can use their

cellphone to shop online. As shopping online is so convenient, more and more

people like to buy things online, especially the men, because they don’t like to

go out, now the Internet can help them shop in a quick way. The things online

are various, people can search what they want and compare with the price, they

can buy the products they want. Shopping online is the new way for people to

purchase, in the future, it will be more and more popular. The Internet provides

people’s life.