初中英语说明文写作模板精彩20篇

the mid-autumn or moon festival is one rich in poetic(诗意的) significance. ancient legends(古代的传说) that became interwoven with this festival‘s celebration further contribute to the warm regard in which it has always been held by the chinese people. according to the lunar calendar(农历)， the seventh， eighth， and ninth months constitute the autumn season. mid-autumn festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month， precisely in the middle of this season， when the heat of the summer has given way to cool autumn weather， marked by blue skies and gentle breezes. on this day the moon is at its greatest distance from the earth; at no other time is it so luminous. then， as the chinese say， “the moon is perfectly round.” in the villages the heavy work involved in the summer harvest has already been completed but the autumn harvest has not yet arrived.

the actual origins of the mid-autumn festival are still very unclear. the earliest records are from the time of the great han dynasty emperor wu di (156-87 b.c.)， who initiated celebrations lasting three days， including banquets and “viewing the moon” evenings on the toad terrace. we know that people during the jin dynasty (265-420 a.d.) continued the custom of mid-autumn festival celebrations， and similar accounts have come down to us from the time of the tang dynasty. during the ming dynasty (1368-1644) houses and gardens were decorated with numerous lanterns and the sound of gongs and drums filled the air.(qiewo.com)

moon cakes came on sale shortly before festival time. in the past， one could get some cakes shaped like pagodas， others like a horse and rider， fish or animals. still others were decorated with the images of rabbits， flowers， or goddesses. there were a myriad of different fillings available： sugar， melon seeds， almonds， orange peel， sweetened cassia blossom， or bits of ham and preserved beef. the cakes are of the northern and southern styles， but the latter (also called guangdong-style) are the most popular and are available throughout the country.

the round shape of cakes just symbolizes not only the moon but also the unity of the family. therefore the mid-autumn festival is actually a day for family reunion.

[初中生中秋节英语作文

Dear teacher and classmates:

I am very glad to make a speech here in this class again! This time, Id like to talk something about English.

I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me great pleasure.

When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children . Then I discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the English world.

Everyday, I read English following the tapes. Sometimes, I watch English cartoons.

On the weekend, I often go to the English corner. By talking with different people there, I have made more and more friends as well as improved my oral English.

I hope I can travel around the world someday. I want to go to America to visit Washington Monument, because the president Washington is my idol. Of course, I want to go to London too, because England is where English language developed. If I can ride my bike in Cambridge university, I will be very happy.

I hope I can speak English with everyone in the world. Ill introduce China to them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and Anshan.

I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.

If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.

[初中英语作文：我爱学习英语

Wonderful life in winter holiday

From the sixteenth of January to the seventh of February is our Winter Holiday. I think everybody did a lot of things in the Winter Holiday. But I didn’t. Let you to listen to my story of Winter Holiday.

I spend a lot of time on the homework.. Every day in my Winter Holiday, I always got up late. then I listened to the tape, it was nine o’clock. then I ate breakfast and then I did my homework during the daytime! I’m not very slow but the homework was too heavy!

I’m unlucky on the playing too. I played firecracker but I hurt my finger with the fire. I ‘m careless to kindle the firecracker, so I’m very unlucky.

I still unlucky on my friend’s party. In the morning, I wanted to get up early but I woke up at 10:50. After ten minutes, the party would start! So I only eat a piece of bread then I go to my friend’s home! And I stay at his home for a long time when I came home. My mother and father were very angry and they scolded me!

I’m worried and feel unlucky on my weigh. Last term, I was 48 kilogram but now I am 51 kilogram! I must to do banting!

But most important, I have gone to Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, I want to go there very much because I want to see the horse, the monkey……in the sea. Now I’ve done it . It is a bright dot in my Winter Holiday.

[初中英语作文：winter holiday（寒假）

【—之雪】冬天的时候，我们最期盼有雪的降临，因为雪世界变得格外的纯净。

季节作文：以雪为题写一篇英语短文

SNOW

At dusk，the weather became colder while the sky was gray，and the cold wind was blowing strongly.It seemed that it was going to snow soon. A moment later，the snowflakes began to fall quietly.Soon the land before my eyes was all white，like a beautiful blanket.Then it snowed more and more heavily.The trees were all covered with white quilts.The whole city became a silver world. The next morning，it stopped snowing and cleared up.I went into the yard.Looking far away，I saw a beautiful silver white world.A group of children were playing happily.Some were throwing snowballs to each other，others were making a snowman.Snow seemed to bring us warm and wishes.Cold as it was，nobaby felt cold in the white world. I love snow，because it is pure white.It brings us hope and vigour.

虽然雪景很美，但是同学们在外面玩雪的时候，要注意保暖哦！

初中英语语法对地点状语从句的总结

【—语法对地点状语从句的总结】下文为同学们带来的是对地点状语从句的讲述及where, wherever 引导词的介绍。

地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 初中物理 引导。

Where I live there are plenty of trees.

我住的地方树很多。

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.

不管我在哪里我都会想到你。

对上述例句的介绍，希望同学们对地点状语从句能够有所了解。

初中英语语法对if, whether引导的名词从句的用法总结

【—语法对if, whether引导的名词从句的用法总结】同学们对if, whether引导的名词从句是否有一定的了解？如果没有的话，看老师为大家带来的具体分析。

if, whether引导的名词从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句

从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：

主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article 初中学习方法 before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。

形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

I dont care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。

看完之后，同学们是否理解了呢？如果还有什么疑问的话可以参考！

英语学习的十句经典名言

1. What is language for? Some people seem to think its for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--- the longer the words the better. Thats wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication。

语言到底是用来干什么的呢?一些人认为它是用来操练语法规则和学习一大堆单词--而且单词越长越好。这个想法是错误的。语言是用来交换思想，进行交流沟通的!

2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible。

学习一门语言的方法就是要尽量多地练习说。

3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become。

一位伟人曾说，反复操练是非常必要的，你越多的将所学到的东西运用到实际生活中，他们就变的越自然。

4. Learning any language takes a lot of effort. But dont give up。

学习任何语言都是需要花费很多努力，但不要放弃。

5. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages should be fun。

放松点!要有耐性，并让自己快乐!学习外语应该是乐趣无穷的。

6. Rome wasnt built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hard- work will be rewarded by god one day. God is equal to everyone!

冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的学习，更加勤奋的操练，你所付出的一切将会得到上帝的报答，上帝是公平的。推荐爱思英语论坛每日英语系列。

7. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word-- use it, in your mind, in a sentence。

经常使用字典和语法指南。随身携带一本小英文字典，当你看到一个新字时就去查阅它，想想这个字---然后去用它，在你的心中，在一个句子里。

8. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence。

一有机会就努力去用英文来思考。看到某事时，想想它的英文单词;然后把它用到一个句子中去。

9. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms。

尽可能多的操练时态。学习一个动词的时候，要学习它的各种形态。

10. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language。

我想学习和了解更多关于语言背后的文化知识，当你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地运用语言。

初中英语学习关于above与over的技巧

两者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方，而 above 则不一定表示正上方。简单地说，就是表示正上方，两者都可用；不表示正上方，则通常用above：

They built a new room above [over] the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。

He stayed at the hotel above the lake. 他住在可以俯瞰湖泊的旅馆里。

【注】若含有动态或覆盖的意味，通常用 over，而不用 above：

You must climb over the hill. 你必须爬过这座山。

He put his hands over his eyes. 他用双手蒙住眼睛。

上述是对于above 与over的区别介绍，希望同学们能够好好的掌握。不懂的可以参考。

初中英语学习方法之巧记lie和lay

【—之巧记lie和lay】以下的内容是对英语学习方法巧记lie和lay的讲解。

巧记lie和lay

躺 lie,lay,lain,lie in bed again;

撒谎 lie,lied,lied,dont be a liar;

产蛋 lay,laid,laid,a hen laid an egg;

放置 A loy picked it up,and laid it in the bag.

通过上面对巧记lie和lay英语学习的方法讲解，相信同学们对此学习方法可以很好的掌握了，希望同学们在考试中取得很好的收获。

初中英语作文大全之不要乱扔垃圾

【—之不要乱扔垃圾】我们只有一个地球，所以要保护好我们的地球，不要乱扔垃圾。

As we all see, the environment is polluted by a lot of waste things.Some people throw the daily refuse into rivers or on the street at random. 字串9

This is one reason for the environmental pollution. So in daily life I will consciously put the rubbish into the rubbish bin to reduce the contamination.

“不要乱扔垃圾”译文：

正如我们所看到的，环境受到很多废弃物的污染。一些人把生活垃圾随便扔到河里、大街上。这是环境污染的一个原因。所以在日常生活中，我很自觉地把废弃物扔到垃圾桶里来减少污染

如果想要生活在一个美好的环境中，那么就好好的爱护这唯一的地球吧！

Todayis my father’s birthday, but he doesn’t celebrate it. It’s because he must worktoday. I say happy birthday to him in the morning. And I prepare a birthdaycard for him, which I draw it by myself.

I wrote “Happy birthday to you, mydear daddy. Best wishes from your dear daughter. I love you.” When I gave it tohim, he was so happy and smiled to me. At night, we have a delicious dinnerwhich is my father’s favorite dishes cooked by my mother.

She says it’s herbirthday gift to my father. I think it’s enough because we all enjoy thedinner.

My father says that my mother and I give him a happy and belovedbirthday.

今天是我爸爸的生日，但是他没有特别地庆祝，因为他今天还要工作。早上，我对他说生日快乐，并把自己准备的生日贺卡给他。我在贺卡上写：“祝亲爱的爸爸生日快乐，您亲爱的女儿给您送上最美的祝福，我爱您。”我把贺卡送给他时，他开心地对我笑了。晚上，我们吃了一顿美味的晚餐，都是爸爸喜欢的菜色。妈妈说这是她为爸爸准备的生日礼物。我认为这足够了，因为我们都吃得很尽兴。爸爸说我和妈妈给了他一个快乐、情意浓浓的生日。

[初中英语作文：爸爸的生日

It was early in the morning. The sun was just creeping(爬) out of the eastern horizon(地平线)and golden red was penetrating (穿透) through the white clouds and across the sky. The lakes,the trees and the bamboos looked as if they were all gilded. The ground was covered withtender grass, on whose blades some dew drops were glistening(晶莹剔透) under the sunshine.

Birds flew around the woods singing cheerfully and restlessly. Some boys were quietly joggingalong the path, while a couple of girls were reading aloud under the trees lining the bank of thelake.

A gentle breeze came up, wrinkling(使…起皱) the surface of the lake. It was really a beautiful andlively morning.

对于考研英语的应用文写作来说，考生平时复习时不仅要注意应用文写作特点、格式要求，还要有意识的掌握各类应用文的写作方法。考研辅导专家建议广大考生不要简单认为应用文的复习就是复习相应的格式，格式只是应用文写作的最起码要求，除了应用文特定的格式外，还要背诵一些经典的套话，在平时的写作训练中培养迅速构思成篇的能力，注意词句的多样性和准确性训练。下面，我们就针对应用文写作中的私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告几种形式介绍一下写作技巧。

一、私人和公务信函

信函是很重要的一种应用文。私人和公务信函是用以交涉事宜、传达信息、交流思想、联络感情、增进了解的重要工具，与同学们的生活、学习比较密切，也是以后工作中用的最多的一种沟通方式。所谓私人信函就是给家人、朋友或者同学等写信，谈事情的同时又交流感情，是四级考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常见的一种信函，研究生英语考试(专业课历年考研试卷)中常考的是公共信函。所谓公务信函就是给亲朋好友之外的人写信，主要是为了办事，比方说给老板或是客户写信都属于公共信函。

信函一般都是由写信时间、信内地址、称呼、信的主要内容和信尾几个主要部分组成。收信人地址要写在左上角，寄信人地址要写在右上角，寄信人地址也可以不写，姓名写在地址上面，地址排列顺序依次为门牌号、街区名、城市和国名。在信的开头人名前一定要加Mr.,Mrs.,Dear等比较尊敬的称呼，信的结尾注意使用常用的客套话如：sincerelyyours,faithfullyyours或者yourssincerely,yoursfaithfully。英文书信写作要遵循五个原则，即正确、清晰、简洁、礼貌和体贴。

正确是指信中所谈的事情要准确、具体，不用含糊抽象的词如：本月、明天等。清晰要求的是主题要明确，层次要清楚，让读者看后了然于心。简洁是现代英语发展的一大趋势。书信写作要做到行文简洁流畅，避免迂回冗长的长句，使书信尽可能写得明白清晰。书信交往，同样需要以礼待人，因而在写信过程中，要避免伤害对方感情，措辞上多多使用would,could,may,please等词，要自然得体，彬彬有礼。体谅对方也是写书信时要注意的一个原则，不能以自己为中心，要尊重对方的习俗爱好，即便是拒绝，也要委婉而不失去友谊。书信的写作也要注意格式，避免语法、拼写、标点错误，信中所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。

二、备忘录

备忘录是一种录以备忘的公文，主要用来提醒、督促对方，或就某个问题提出自己的意见或看法。包括书端、收文人的姓名、头衔、地址，称呼，事因，正文，结束语，和署名，备忘录上一定要说明什么时间，谁写的？写给谁？什么事？并且正文、结束语和署名等项与一般信件的格式相同。

三、摘要

接着谈谈摘要。摘要分成两种，一种是文章摘要，一种是论文摘要。

文章摘要就是给一篇文章让写一个摘要，文章摘要是对文章主要内容的简练概括，内容上要涵盖全文，语言上要尽量简练。写摘要前一定要仔细阅读全文，弄懂文章大意；摘要涵盖原文的主要观点并与原文的观点保持一致；摘要应该简明扼要，字数在规定的字数范围内；摘要最好不要照搬原文，应该用自己的话概括原文的主要观点；并且注意千万不要照抄，也千万不要评论，只需要写出中心思想或者段落大意即可。

第二种摘要是论文摘要。比方说是大家写一篇学术论文，硕士博士论文需要写一个英文的摘要。相对来讲我们认为考论文摘要的可能性稍微大一点。写这种摘要时要注意时态和语态。叙述研究过程，多采用一般过去时；说明某课题现已取得的成果，宜采用现在完成时。摘要中多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下，特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时，又常用主动语态。英文摘要有一些常用句型，比如表示研究目的，可以用Inorderto……Thispaperdescribes……Thepurposeofthisstudyis……，表示表示结论、观点或建议可以用Theauthors[suggest/conclude/consider]that……。

四、报告

最后一种是报告。报告其实也分为两种，第一种是读书报告。比如读一本书或者看一本小说写一个读书报告。读书报告中首先要交代背景知识，比如作者生平，时代简介等，接下来对书的内容做一个简单的概括，与摘要不同的是读书报告最后一段可以发表评论。与摘要相同，读书报告也要注意时态，比如像科普类的知识应该用现在式。另一种报告就是书面报告，书面报告考试(专业课历年考研试卷)的可行性和可能性更大一些。书面报告与备忘录的写法很类似，所不同的就是书面报告一般是下级写给上级，它也需要交代清楚四件事：什么时间？谁写的？写给谁？什么事？

当然，应用文写作能力的提高必须经过长期的实践锻炼。在复习阶段，首先要熟悉不同类型的应用文写作格式，注意事项，写作特点等。其次要背诵大量的优秀范文，要整段整段的背，不仅是背会而且要脱口而出，并且转换成自己的语言，写作时可以随心所欲支配。再次，是要多动手写作，要写出属于自己的文章，多动手写作才能快速写出好文章来。写好的文章要注意检查，看有无语法错误，有无用词不当，能否用其他的句式表达相同的意思，可以让同学帮忙检查，让同学提一些宝贵的意见和建议。总的来说，虽然大家对应用文的写作还比较陌生，但是只要认真对待，只要花时间背范文了，花时间写文章了，就一定能取得理想成绩。

With the development of e-commerce, shopping online becomes a new way of

shopping which is getting more and more popular. Many citizens are likely to

shop through internet nowadays.

Generally speaking, shopping online offers lots of advantages with its

convenience the most prominent. There are many commodities on the internet where

you can search whatever you want. Besides, you just click the mouse can you get

all information you want, so that you don’t have to go to the shop personally.

In addtition, the commodities on the Internet is usually cheaper than the stores

which can save much money.

However, everything has two sides. You can not see the products or check

their qualities and some of the sellers on the Internet is not so honest. And,

for those who enjoys shopping around different stores, shopping online perhaps

will make them bored.

In my opinion, shopping online has more advantages than disadvantages, and

with the improvement of e-commerce, there will be more people to shop on the

Internet.

My family has a naughty puppy.

The dog with a golden hair, a pair of round yo eyes, a pair of ears vigilant listening to all the suspicious sound around. The puppy is also long with a pair of sharp claws, the tail erected tall, it is very arrogant. Puppies are also very ferocious, as long as a little to hear what or see what will be issued a "warning", do "fight" ready.

My dog is not only naughty, but also very rich sense of music.

One day, I am free to do nothing, they put the music. Who knows, the dog heard, the bones are not eating, and immediately came to the tape recorder. I guess, maybe the puppy found that the music came from the tape recorder! The dog in the recorder next to the squat, while listening to music, while the rhythm of the music with the tail to shake over the past, really like a small music Home in command of the band ...

The puppy is particularly fond of biscuits. I take this opportunity to catch the puppy as a fish. I first took out a slender bamboo, and then with a line in the other end of the bamboo, and then a piece of milk pull flowers biscuits tied to the other end of the rope, made a "fishing rod." I walked past the biscuits, and made the puppy dazzled, I suddenly stopped shaking, the biscuits hanging in front of the dog, the dog immediately soared to the biscuits, I went to the dog behind the biscuits, Let it rush empty. So it lasted for several minutes. Puppy pretend to "retreat", I immediately relaxed vigilance, who knows the dog quickly turned to bite biscuits, thanks to my reaction fast, puppy biting line. I would like to pull back the line, then hard pull, but I am more energetic, the dog pulled the more tight, I thought: it seems not storm, can only take. I stopped the "attack", the dog thought I surrendered, they are kindly ready to enjoy the biscuits, I take advantage of this opportunity, forced a pull, the biscuits back to my hands ... ...

This is my home naughty puppy, do you like it?

I am a shy girl, when my teachers ask me the questions, I will always low down my head and answer them with small voice. Because of my character, I miss the chances to make myself stand out and I also don’t have many friends. I really want to change my situation, I don’t want to be a stand by anymore, I want to be part of the group. So I force myself to join the class activities, I find I enjoy them and I talk to my classmate a lot. I become active and start to try more things, I take part in the debate competition and show my ability, I find my stage.

我是一个害羞的女孩,当我的老师问我问题,我总是低下我的头低, 小声音回答。因为我的性格,我错过了让自己脱颖而出的机会,我也没有很多朋友。我真的想改变我的处境,我不想成为旁观者了,我想成为班里的一部分。所以我强迫自己参加班级活动,我发现我爱上这些活动,跟同学有个很多交流。我变得活跃,开始尝试更多的东西,我参加了辩论比赛,展现我的能力,我找到舞台。

[我的舞台优秀初中英语作文

【提要】高考英语作文 : 2017年高考英语作文写作模板：图画类写作模板

图画类写作模板

1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...

2.衔接句

As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.

3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...

It was Mother’s Day. Sun Zheng thought he should do something for his

mother. He decided to help his mother do some housework. After school he went to

a shop to buy some food on his way home.

When he got home, he did his best to cook some nice food,though he couldn’t

do the cooking well. Thenhe cleaned the room. He felt very tired, but he was

very happy.

When his father and his mother came back and saw the clean rooms and dishes

which weren’t so nice, they were very happy.They had their supper together. His

mother said, "Thank you,my child!"

Yesterday s weather is really gratifying.

Early morning, I just got up, I heard "rumbling ... ..." thunder, I look out the window, the sky is as low as the hand can touch to touch.

Soon, a rain dripping up, like silk, like cattle hair. This is a timely rain, because a few days ago just experienced a dust storm, this rain enough to clean all the dust. thats nice!

Autumn is like a shy girl is the same as the earth father and son pouring thoughts.

This is like a rain of rain under a rain, a burst of pouring rain pouring down, and soon, the playground has become a vast ocean. Rainwater on the campus merged into a stream, they like an appointment like the same direction to catch, gradually in the playground low sink into a lake, the middle of the big puddle has become the central island of the lake. More interesting! Rain or keep the next, the rain dripping on the water cheerful dance.

The rain finally stopped, the rain was fine, the sun and the public can not wait to face from the gloomy dark clouds behind the girl jumped out. Suddenly, the sky is a bright and clean, like washed the same, the air is fresh and fresh, the distance of the scene also see more clearly. Especially the flowers, become particularly bright, and they winked to the people waving; that lovely little grass, green Yingying, who hung with emerald, swaying in the breeze, posing a fresh breath; In front of the tree that cover the old pine trees, just after the bath has become particularly spiritual, stretching the arm to welcome the sun father ... ...

Autumn rain, I love you, you will always be wiped out in my mind impetuous and arrogant.

教案(Teaching Plan)是教师施教的课时计划或方案,是帮助教师有效地进行素质教育教学的依据.教案可以帮助教师有计划、有步骤地进行素质教育教学,充分利用课堂教学时间,高质量地完成教学任务.教案写得如何将直接影响教学效果的好坏.因此,在日常教学中,广大教师都非常注重写教案.那么写教案时应写什么呢?

一、写课题(Topic)和课型(Lesson Type)

课题相当于文章的标题,讲课时要首先告诉学生,并写在黑板上.因此要写得准确.课型是指该节课的讲授类型.初中英语的主要课型有:新授课(New lesson)、巩固课(Reinforcement Lesson)、复习课(Revision Lesson)、语音课(Phonetic Lesson)、听力课(Listening Lesson)、听说课(Aural-Oral Lesson)、阅读课(Reading Lesson)、语法课(Grammar Lesson)等.不同的课型应用不同的授课方式或方法,只有确定了课型,才能选择有效的素质教育教学方法.

二、写素质教育教学目标(Teaching Objective)

素质教育教学目标是教案的核心内容,是教师施教的准绳.教学目标要符合大纲对教材的要求.由于教学目标要在课堂上展示给学生,让学生明确,所以写素质教育目标时,要力求简明扼要,浅显易懂,便于操作和检测,一般3~4个目标为宜.

三、写素质教育教学的重点(Main Points)、难点(Difficult Points)和关键点(Key Points) 素质教育重点是课堂教学的主要任务;教学难点是师生顺利完成教学任务的障碍;素质教学关键是攻克教学难点的突破口.在教案中写清一节课的教学重点、难点和关键点,能提醒教师在讲课时注意突出重点、突破难点、抓住关键.

四、写教具(Teaching Tools)

课堂上需要什么教具要写清楚,如录音机、教材录音带、教学挂图、卡片、实物(或模型)、小黑板、刻印好的练习题、彩色粉笔、幻灯片等.

五、写素质教育教学过程(Teaching Procedure)

素质教育教学过程是教案的主要部分.写教学过程主要写以下几方面的内容:

1. 写教学环节.教学环节即教学任务是什么要写清楚,做到心中有数.目前有些教师采用"三阶段六环节"教学模式,即:准备阶段(自由交流、复习检查)、讲练阶段(导入课程、分层操练)和发展阶段(巩固发展、布置作业).

2. 写知识点和所用时间.写好知识点,教师使用教案时能一目了然,有的放矢.写好所用时间,能使教师从容掌握教学速度,合理安排每个教学环节所需的时间,充分利用课堂时间.

3. 写教师活动.不仅要写教师"教什么",还要写出教师"怎样教",即写清楚教师要教的内容,写出讲授这些内容的方法.写出课堂用语和各环节的过渡语.课堂用语要求简练、口语化,用学生已经学过的熟悉的、听得懂的英语来解释或表达新的教学内容.各环节之间的过渡语要自然流畅.写出使用教具的时机和方法,写板书内容等.

4. 写学生活动.写出学生学习的内容和学习方法,特别是怎样学应写清楚.不能简单地把学生活动写成听、读、思考、操练、做题等.

六、写课堂训练题(Exercises)

备课时精心设计的有针对性的随堂练习题和达标题要写在教案中.写清出示这些题的办法,如用小黑板、看刻印材料或学生已有材料等.写出这些题的答案和解题方法.

七、写课堂小结(Summing-up on Teaching)

课堂小结是教师帮助学生回顾和总结本节课的学习内容的重要环节.小结的方式和方法要在教案中写清楚,不论是教师引导学生总结,还是由教师归纳总结,都要注意把本节课的内容纳入知识系统之中,使学生在整体上把握知识.

八、写板书设计(Blackboard Designs)

板书是有声有色的教学语言,它具有直观性、形象性和启发性.因此,教师在课堂上要有计划

地使用黑板,板书什么内容、写在什么位置、用什么颜色的粉笔等要在备课时设计好,并写在教案中.避免课堂上东写一个句子、西写一个短语、一会儿写、一会儿擦、一会儿擦了又写的板书混乱现象.好的板书能使讲课的内容系统化、结构化,有利于学生复习本节课的知识. 写教案时要考虑的问题

1、如何开始备课

在教师着手备课之前，必须吃透课程标准（大纲）及教材，在此基础上，考虑学生的认知规律和实际的语言能力，以确定课题和教学目的，明确教学目标。从教学目标出发，确定重点和难点，考虑用哪些教学法来组织课堂。然后精心挑选、设计练习，确定要做、改、删、增的练习，列授课计划提纲，再逐步仔细预测各种教学技巧和教学手段的应用，特别是涉及可能修改计划、增删内容的教学步骤。

2. 思考几个问题

（1）教学技巧上，是否有足够的变化可以使课堂教学生动有趣？成功的外语课上总有不同的活动，使学生思维活跃，情绪高涨。

（2）不同教学技巧的应用和教学的组织有没有得到有序的、合乎逻辑的安排？理想化的课堂教学须朝着教学目标由易及难、循序渐进。建立在新知识之上的教学活动必须精心安排。

（3）整堂课的节奏设计得好吗？节奏的含义，可以有以下三个方面：第一，活动不能太短，也不能太长。如果课堂活动多而短，那么学生刚刚找到某活动的“感觉”，又得“跳到”下一个活动去了。这样不好。第二，教师应考虑如何把各种教学技巧、教学手段和教学组织形式揉合在一起。例如，一堂课上连续搞全班俩俩全班小组俩俩全班……的活动，每个活动五分钟，那么，这些活动是难以发挥其应有作用的。第三，控制好节奏也有利于各个教学活动之间的衔接。例如：

（4）整节课的时间有没有安排好？这是备课最难控制的因素之一。新教师往往容易提早授完所备内容，而后又易矫枉过正，不能完成课时计划。这里有两点值得提醒。预先准备一些“备用”的复习活动。如果提早授完已准备的内容，则进行复习巩固练习。

3. 学生的个体差异

随着教学过程的重心由教师向学生转变，学生的主体作用日益突出。课堂教学必须充分考虑学生的个体差异。我们主张，备课一般应以中等程度的学生为准，但也应适当照顾两头的学生。可以考虑以下五个方面：（1）教学内容适当包含一些较难或较易的项目，（2）针对不同水平的学生问不同难度的问题，（3）设计的教学活动尽可能让全体同学都参与。

4. 学生谈话与教师谈话

备课时要充分考虑教师与学生的谈话时间。一般的英语课上，总是教师说得多， 学生说得少。要注意让学生有较多的机会进行交际。

Welcome to my room ,it is not very big but it is very nice and clean ,there

are many things in my room ,near the wall is my bed ,under the bed is my

soccer,my desk is beside the window ,there are many books and a tablelight on

the desk ,the chair is under the desk ,there are many pictures on the wall ,they

are all my favorite actors and movie stars,I like their movies ,there is a book

shelf in my room ,on the shelf are my favorite books ,i like them best ,I

usually read books when I am free,I like my room very much .

Chinese New Year starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year

and ends on the the full days later. In china,people regard Spring Festival as

the most important thing.People studied and worked throughout the year.No matter

how far and how busy, they must do their best to go back home.Thats a tradition

and now becoming a habit. During this time,transport is extremely busy.Although

the way is difficult,it cant reduce the urgent feeling of going home.I cant

describe this feeling,only the people that experienced it can

understand.Actually,on one hand,people miss their family,and they need to get

comfort in the family.On the other hand,getting together is a symbol of

blessedness and auspiciousness.People in other country dont have this

consciousness that going home is necessary.For example,American could celebrate

the Christmas in everywhere they like or with anybody.This diversity is

occasioned by different culture between two countries.

On Spring festivals eve,the whole family prepare the dinner.Of

course,dumplings is essential.In the

evening,family members always sit at the television and watch Spring

Festival Gala.At 0:00,people set off firecrackers and fireworks,at the same

time,children pay New Year,s call to old people.The old people give money to the

children as a lunar new year gift.Usually,people stay up late or all night.

On lunar New Years Day, the Chinese family eat vegetarian dumplings which

imply they will plain and neat in this year. People change their new

clothes,this stands for a new beginning.Next,people visit relatives with some

gifts.The second day is son-in-laws festival,the husband and married women

visit their side of the family.In a word,Chinese attach great importance to

Spring Festival.

写作词汇提升是把“阅读词汇”转化为“写作词汇”的过程。举个例子，当我在课堂上问及大家“害怕”这个词英文表达的时候，很多同学不加思维的就告诉我是“afraid”，我再问大家这个词是什么时候学的时候，很多人恍然大悟，原来词汇早在初中甚至是小学的时候就学过了。那么，考研阅卷的老师如何以“afraid”这个词判断你到底是一个合格的大学毕业生还是一个仅仅上过初中的同学呢，现在我们就不难理解为什么考研写作的平均分只有满分的一半了。

当我们翻开大学的英语课本我们会发现，在大学的四年中(甚至只是大一大二的两年中)我们就学过很多表示“害怕”但却比“afraid”要高级的多的词汇，比如：horror，scared，astonished 等等。这当中的任何一个词都会比afraid得的分数要高，这就是所谓的高级词汇取代低级词汇的过程。

现在，我们就要树立一个思想，写作的最小组成单位是词汇，词汇有低级的(baby words)也有高级的(advanced words)，想要得到考研写作高分的第一步就是要有意识的在写作中用高级词汇去取代相对低级的词汇，从而反映出自己的词汇表现能力(lexical resource)。

英语写作技巧二、句型 —— 学会自创简单句

考研写作最基本的句式称之为“自创句”。“自创句”是根据所要表达的含义完全自主创作的英文句子，其基础是语法知识。阅读时不理解某些语法现象仍然能理解文章，而写作要求精确，是和语法联系最为紧密的语言功能。其中，简单句是一切句子的基础，简单句的创作可三步走：

1. 根据句义确定唯一的谓语动词。

2. 根据动词种类(无宾、单宾、双宾、宾补或系动词)补全句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语和表语等。

3. 注意谓语动词和主语在人称和数上的一致。

英语写作技巧三、构思 —— 学习英文独特的思想表达方式

当我们有了高级的词汇和复杂的句型之后，是不是就一定能写出高分的作文了呢?不一定。写作是一个人思维的理性表达，因此，对于写作来说，思维方式的优劣更是一篇文章好与坏的根本性的指向标。

英文有自己独特的思想表达模式，要学会用英文的表达模式写作。所以建议大家在夯实词汇、句型之后多读多背多写，练习地道的英文写作思维方式。阅读和背诵是积累语言素材的关键，《新概念》序言中甚至提到“只写读过的语言”。在此基础之上，“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”，阅读背诵素材之后，写作提高需要大量的实战演习

提起电脑，相信大家都熟悉。电脑又叫电子计算机。如今，随着科技的发展，电脑已走进千家万户。

电脑一般分为两大类；一类是个人电脑，个人电脑有台式的，笔记本的，最新式的是平板的。另一类是超级电脑，每秒的运算速度在亿次以上，主要用在银行、科研、军事等方面。

电脑由硬件系统和软件系统组成。电脑的硬件系统主要由主机、显示器、键盘、鼠标、音箱、摄像头等组成。主机就是电脑的主管，就像我们的头脑，控制着电脑每天的工作。显示器就像我们的眼睛，把所有工作的成果展示给我们看。键盘上有26个英文字母键，方向键，数字键和几个重要按键，是电脑主要的输入设备。鼠标就像一只老鼠似的扒在桌子上，可是作用非常大，可以灵活地指挥各种应用程序。音箱可以带领我们进入美妙的音乐世界。摄像头可以让我们足不出户，与世界各地的人们交流。电脑的软件系统分为两类；一类是操作系统软件，主要有windows操作系统和Linux操作系统等，最原始的是dos操作系统。它们是计算机底层的系统软件，负责管理、调度、指挥计算机的软硬件资源使其协调工作，没有它，任何计算机都无法正常运行。它在资源使用者和资源之间充当中间人的角色，举个例子，一个用户（也可以是程序）将一个文件存盘，操作系统就会开始工作：管理磁盘空间的分配，将要保存的信息由内存写到磁盘等。当用户要运行一个程序时，操作系统必须先将程序载入内存，当程序执行时，操作系统会让程序使用CPU。另一类是应用软件，可以用来办公，也可以游戏，还能保证安全等等。

电脑的用途很多：可以上网，例如聊天、发邮件、听音乐，玩游戏、登Q、查资料等；可以管理资料，比如学校的图书室里的电脑是用来登记图书借出去情况的；可以记帐，比如超市里的计算机，就是拿来记帐的；还可以控制生产，比如水泥厂里的电脑能自动控制生产。瞧，电脑真是各方面的能人！

电脑与人们的生活息息相关，让人们的生活变得更美好。

Recently, I have been reading a book named Communication Arts. In this

book, the author Doctor Li introduces many methods to communicate with others

successfully and tells readers why everyone should be a polite person. My

favorite sentence in this book is “Everyone has potential, and everyone can

determine your own future by developing positive psychological, mastering

communication arts and showing your personality charm. In that way, you can have

a wonderful life!”

During whole sections, this book tells us human should live in a large

group, since people can’t solve all problems by their own. For that matter,

human beings should learn a series of manners to deal with any situation which

might happen wherever and whenever. After that, Doctor Li makes a point that

people need to realize how to resolve disagreements between friends, families or

colleagues. There always appears this kind of situation in social life, so it’s

important to understand how to settle it. Finally he teaches us that

communication techniques not only reflect in normal talk but also within body

languages.

In each part of the book, the author takes a large number of examples in

daily life to confirm his points. These examples in daily life are easy to

understand and accept.

After reading the book, I find many shortages of my communication skills. I

used to lack of patience when I talk to others, even got mad at them. This was

impolite and might destroy relationships between my friends and me. Therefore I

would try my best to improve myself and be welcome.

As the drawing presents, there is a man walking across the street

absorbedly focusing on his cell phone without noticing the surroundings. This

sort of phenomenon is not uncommon and rare in some metropolis, especially among

the youngsters.

What the picture illustrates is the prevailing situation that has long

existed in todays China. That is the mobile phone obsession. With the advent of

information age, people are becoming

increasingly fascinated on the electronic products, especially the cell

phones. Not surprisingly, you could easily notice that most of us are obsessed

in sending messages, playing online games with their mobile phones. It cannot be

denied that this phenomenon may negatively impact the relationship among people,

and therefore they will become estranged and isolated.

Personally, in view of the overuse of mobile phones, I hold that we

individuals should raise the necessary awareness that good relationships are

reinforced by sincere and face-to-face communication.

一篇优秀的中考作文之所以能从数百万份试卷中脱颖而出，其中必有他值得称赞之处。按照评分标准而言，一般会从选材，立意，语言和结构这样几个方面去衡量，这四个标准里，其中最为阅卷老师欣赏也最让学生头痛的是作文的立意，一边羡慕于别人标新立异的思路，一边又苦于自己落入俗套的构思，这成为很多学生作文档次上升的一个障碍。其实，创新立意并不是天马行空，而是有所根据的，它的根据就来源于卷面已经给出的题目，从审题入手去分析出题人的意图，从审题入手去挖掘更深邃的含义，如何审题审出新意，这是我们接下来几篇连载要集中解决的问题。

第一讲主要解决的是审题方法的问题，创新的前提是审准题，在准确的基础上才能有所新，如果题目审偏了，立意再好也是妄谈，所以首先要解决的问题是如何正确审题。

(一)短题要补充

很多题目我们看起来很简洁，不过三五字，但其实题目越短，审题难度越大，因为它能够给与我们的信息是极为有限的，很多时候让人感觉难以下手，这时我们可以用补充题目的方式让题目变得具体充实有可写性起来。

如写《雪》这样一篇文章

1、在前补充：冬雪，看雪，洁白的雪

2、前后补充：瑞雪兆丰年，冬雪也暖人，风雪中的身影

3、在后补充：雪后，雪的温度，雪的诉说

再如以《朋友》为题写一篇文章

1、在前补充：真诚的朋友，执着的朋友，诚信的朋友，我最敬佩的朋友

2、前后补充：我的朋友叫自信，这个朋友值得尊敬

3、在后补充：朋友的心愿，朋友的真谛，朋友的故事

需要注意的是，补充题目这件事是在我们脑海中完成的，也就是说如果题目中没有要求我们去补充完整题目，那么我们就不要随便改动题目，只是在心中把你要写的内容通过给题目补充，进一步缩小即可，如果补充题目的过程中发现脑海中想出的好几个题目都还不错，怎样取舍呢?这时，可以选择你最熟悉的那个话题，或者你认为最有话可说感触最深的那个去写。

(二)长题抓关键

题目长了有时也会干扰我们审题，原因很简单，各个独立出来的词你不知道到底哪一个是题目的核心，这时就需要抓住题目的关键词去分析，而关键词就是我们平时所说的题眼，我们一般会选择动词，形容词和副词作为题眼，因为这些一般是起修饰和强调作用的，当然题目的主要对象一般是名词，这个是不容忽视的，但是关键是要看修饰它的那个词是什么，你要围绕那个词写什么。

如《这件事教育了我》中的“教育”，《其实并不是这样的》中的“并不是”，《**也美丽》中的“也”，《水仙花开》中的“开”。

(三)标志定体裁

有些题目常带有明显的体裁标志，可帮助我们迅速确定文章的体裁，内容和重点。

1、记叙文的标志：题目中凡带有“记”“忆”“人”“事”“见闻”等字眼，一般都是记叙文。如《回忆我的母亲》《记我的同桌》《值得赞美的人》《假期见闻》《我的初中生活》等。

2、抒情散文的标志：题目中凡有“赞”“颂”“赋”等字眼，一般都是托物言志，借景抒情的散文。如《白杨礼赞》《绿叶颂》《茶花赋》等。

3、说明文的标志：题目中凡带有“制作”“介绍”“说明”“自述”“为什么”“原理”“话”，或直接写某事物的名称，一般应写成说明文，如《文具盒的自述》《森林为什么能防风》《手表的使用和原理》《秋天话菊花》等。

4、议论文的标志：题目中凡是带有“说”“议”“谈”“论”“评”“辩”“驳”“从……谈起”“从……说开去”“读……有感”等字眼，一般都是说明文，如《谈骨气》《由‘滴水石穿’想到的》《读有感》等。

(四)联想化深意

联想就是由甲想到乙，而甲一般是由实际意义的，乙是有象征意义的。

如《圆月》《白杨》《长城颂》《我心中的阳光》就需要用联想法来审题，把这些大家在生活中熟悉的事物与一些具有象征意义的事物联系起来，从而给这个题目赋予更深层的含义。比如：“圆月”联想到中华同胞，“白杨”联想到扎根边疆的志愿者，“长城”联想到战无不胜的人民解放军，“阳光”需要联想温暖，亲情，关爱，希望甚至信仰，这样通过审题文章的寓意就大大深化了。

完成正确审题后，接下去几讲我们会结合具体题目来给同学们分析，如何通过审题来创新立意，请同学们继续关注。

[初中/高中作文如何在审题中创新立意的写作指导