初中英语说明文写作模板（经典20篇）

She is such an ideal singer!

She is a girl with a lot of talent. She is a girl but she has individuality like a boy. On the stage, she sings and dances so well. She is so happy and she makes us excited… Can you guess who she is? Yes, she is Li Yuchun, the winner of "Super Girl 2005."She is a student of Sichuan Music College in Grade 3. She is twenty-one this year. She is 1.74 metres tall. Now she is very popular in China and even in the world. I know she worked hard in the past, and has succeeded today. Ill learn from her and try my best to achieve my dream.I like her because she is so cool and lovely. I love her because she makes me feel happy. I enjoy her because she is independent and she has the individuality of herself.

Li Yuchun, Ill cheer for you forever!

[歌手初中英语作文

Nowadays, more and more students fall in love in middle schools that

worries teachers and parents. As for me, I don’t agree to puppy love. No matter

admit it or not, puppy love will certainly have negative influence on study,

because it takes much time and energy. But the most important is that middle

school students are not mature enough to operate a relationship. The favorable

impression to others may be the momentary impulse that will not last very long

time. The middle school students are so young and unthoughtful to take the

responsibilities of love. What should they do is put their study in priority and

wait with patience, because true love is worth of waiting.

We are always told that time is precious so that we shall cherish it. Even

though most of us know the necessity of making use of time, when we start our

plans, we find that time is limited. Where has the time gone, we always feel

confused about it. Actually, it is the lack of efficiency that makes people feel

time is not enough. It is in need of improving efficiency. Most students cant

focus their mind on study because they think of all kinds of temptations, such

as delicious food and computer games. If they can finish task quickly, then they

can do other things. It is the motivation to improve efficiency.

比你成绩差的人未必处处比你差，他们之中也有你学习的地方，你必须分清什么样的是造成他们不如你的原因，就不要学。而提炼出来他们身上的精华。你可以找一本笔记本，把自己所有的写作练习都写在上面，你可以时不时翻看前面的写作练习，看看自己比之前有了哪些进步，也可以反省一下自己是否在同一个失误上跌倒多次。当然，如果你更喜欢用电脑打字的话，你可以把写作练习传到博客或者，尤其是后者，可以帮助你利用网站日历跟踪写作进度。上海初二学生找好的作文补习班|好的初中作文家教推荐思：指有的时候要想，做到低头看书，抬头思考，手在写题，脑在思考。做：在看的过程中，需要动手做的准备工作以及对课本后的练习题要进行尝试性的做一做。问答题答一答。

以上是关于学习方法的一般性的建议，它们对于各门功课都是适用的。但是，具体到不同的人、不同的课程，还应该结合实际情况摸索适宜的学习方法。比如，应该根据同的学科选择合适的学习方法。文科、理科的学习方法会不一样；同是文科，英语和历史、地理的学习方法也应该有所差异。上海初二学生找好的作文补习班|好的初中作文家教推荐亲自推导公式数学课程中有大量的公式，有的课本上有推导过程；有的课本上没有推导过程，只是把公式的-初形式写出来，然后说一句，“经推导可得”，就把结果式子写出来了。搞好了务学与求道的关系，是使自己永远更新知识，丰富自己的头脑的必要条件，也是不断保持-新、-适用于自己的学习方法的要点。坚持思考与学习同步发展代表着先进的学习方法的发展要求，代表着先进学习理论的前进方向，代表了掌握-广大知识的能力水平。务学与求道必须协调发展，二者要同步实施，同步发展。我建议高中同学们买一本牛津字典或朗文字典。一是查阅不懂的词，不光是看音标、注释，还要看例子；二是看英文注释，用英语解释英语，要比用汉语解释得更明确。如果你拿不准over和above的区别，看一下英文注释就很明白了，不信去试一下。有些学生虽能预习，但看起书来似走马观花，不动脑、不分析。这种预习一点也达不到效果。 发现自己知识上的薄弱环节，在上课前补上这部分的知识，不使它成为听课时的“拌脚石”。

一. 肯定不如否定好

修辞的使用在书面表达中算作很大的亮点，在高中阶段很少有学生会注重修辞的应用。

双重否定也是种修辞，而且对于考生来说，只要稍加注意，可以在文章中设计双重否定的句子。

例如想表达“邮递员天天准时到”，如果写成The postman comes on time every day，就不如变成双重否定，The postman never fails to come on time，就变成了亮点句，起到强调作用。

“几乎每个人对生活的态度都不同程度受到地震的影响”，写成双重否定There was hardly a man or a woman whose attitude towards life had not been affected by the earthquake.

应用类似的修辞会在中为同学们加分。

二. 陈述不如倒装妙

在书面表达中阅卷老师喜欢看到的高级语法共有五种：倒装，强调，从句，独立主格和分词结构，以及虚拟语气。

倒装是一种最简单易行的使句子呈现亮点的方法。在高中阶段只需掌握倒装的四种形式，就足以应对书面表达。

Military Training

In our country, when we go to middle school, we must attend to the military training. Most students are afraid of it, because the training often happens in hot summer. In summer days, the weather is too hot to stand. But students have to stay outside all the day. In addition, the training is very hard. Students have to learn to be a solder. They have to obey many rules that they don’t have to in daily life. And the trainer is very strict to students. They do like our teachers who care us patiently. However, military training is a good way to train students’ strong will power. It’s useful to the life of students. Therefore, it’s necessary to student.

作文翻译：

军训

在我国，当我们去上初中的时候，我们必须参加军训。到部分的学生都害怕军训，因为训练通常是在炎热的夏天进行。夏天，天气炎热难熬。但是，学生必须一整天都呆在外面。另外，训练还很辛苦。学生们必须像士兵一样。他们必须遵守很多在日常生活中无需遵守的规则。而且，教官对学生很严厉。他们像老师一样耐心照顾我们。但是，军训也是一种锻炼学生意志的好方法。它对学生的生活很有帮助。因此，军训对学生是很必要的。

Main Characters: The little prince, the pilot, the rose, the fox, the snake, etc.

Despite I’ve not in my childhood yet, I still prefer reading fairy-tale stories. The tales, which accompany with me in my old days, often make me think of some precious experience and sensation which only belong to children. This summer I’ve review this kind of tale, which was published in 1940. It’s the world-famous fairy-tale by the French author, Antoine de St-Exupery, The Little Prince.

As many other fairy-tales, the outline of The Little Prince is not very complex. ―I‖, the narrator of the story, is a pilot whose plane has something wrong and lands in the Sahara. In this occasion, the pilot makes the acquaintance of the little prince, a little boy from another planet, the Asteroid B612. The little prince has escaped from his tiny planet, because he has some quarrel with a rose, which grows on his planet. In that case he left his own planet and took an exploration at some neighbor asteroids.

On his all-alone journey, the little prince meets different kinds of people, which includes a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. From these people he gets a conclusion that the grown-ups are very odd. Following the instruction of the geographer, he descends in the Sahara, on the earth.

Traveling on the earth, the little prince, who sees a garden of five-thousand roses, is overcome with astonishment and sadness, as he considers his rose is unique in the universe before. At that time a fox appears. The fox, who tell the little prince about the meaning of the word ―tame‖, becomes his new friend. At the time to say farewell, the fox makes him know that his rose is unique because she is his rose and tamed by him. From that the little prince begins to treasure friendship and be responsible to his rose.

At the anniversary day of his descent of the earth, rejecting the pilot’s advice, he goes back to his own planet by bite of a snake. ―It’s too far. I can not carry this body with me. It’s too heavy.‖ he said. He tells his friend, the pilot, he must be responsible for his rose, so he has to go back. At the end the author doesn’t tell us the ending directly. Maybe it’s more significant for us to imagine, and for more, think over.

[小王子初中英语读后感

We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of internet shopping these

days. Some students think its very convenient for us to go shopping on the

internet. The shops on Internet, for example taobao.com, 360buy.com are open for

almost 24 hours a day, so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.

Whats more, we neednt to wait in a queue.

However, some students disagreed with them. We cant see the things while

we are shopping. So we are not sure whether they are good or not Besides, we

cant enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends.

My plan for may day

On May 1sh, Im going to my grandmothers home.I think that must be very significative.Because she is too old to visit me and my parents, and she must be very have in mind our.

I will go for a walk with my grandmother and buy she some summer wears.they must fit her like best. Of course , I dont think that is a easy work! So it must takes me many time.

After shopping, we will have a good rest and have lunch in my grandmothers home.

And then, I will clean the home with my grandmother.

At last, I go home.

Of course, I must finish my homewolk.

[初中英语作文之我的五一计划

Nowadays,the whales is in danger.Because many countries kill them for different use,they are dying out.To protect our earth and ocean,especially the diversity of creatures.we must realize that we should take effective measures to protect them.If the whales died out,it would have an important influence on other animals in the sea.Also,the environment will be changed.I sincerely hope that we can make our effort to save them!

如今,鲸鱼是处于危险之中。因为许多国家杀死他们不同的使用,它们灭绝。为了保护我们的地球和海洋,特别是生物的多样性。我们必须意识到我们应该采取有效措施去保护他们。如果鲸鱼灭绝了,它会对其他动物产生重要的影响。此外,环境将被改变。我真诚地希望我们可以使我们的努力拯救他们!

曾几何时，我们已全然忘记语文是什么东西。只是机械地把一些文学性的知识刻进脑子里。假如给我一点想象的空间，我想我可以把它形容成这几种东西：醋、糖、苦瓜、辣椒。 你是否有过这种感觉？盛夏的星空下，回忆刚刚读过的一则故事，那些字里行间流露的情感在脑中萦绕，幻化成一幅幅生动的画面。

又恰好，那是一则感人的故事，开始你可能会义愤填膺地咒骂其中的坏人，同情并感动于其中的善良与美好。慢慢地，你会发觉在那些掏心掏肺的呐喊过后，胸腔里满是微酸的感觉，就像有人在你的胃里倒入了一杯醋，然后不断地发酵，而内心里的文字开始清晰地呈现。语文这东西带给你酸酸的幸福。

也许从你牙牙学语的时候，或者稍稍可以说一些不连贯的话语时，你更喜欢做的是捧着一本小人书而不是对着一堆小棒数一二三四五语文容易让人产生兴趣，就像小孩子喜欢各式各样的糖果。你开始爱上“海日生残夜”的奇幻，你开始爱上“月下飞天镜”的奇美，你开始爱上“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的奇雅。语文这东西让你爱上糖果在心中融化的甜美。 语文不是时时服从于我们的奴隶，它也会发怒。

当我们觉得语文实在太容易的时候，它就会毫不留情地给我们一些教训，它会摘下一棵苦瓜让你尝尝。当你因为考试失利而痛苦的时候，是不是就会感觉一股苦味从心底蔓延？这就是忠实的朋友给我们的一个小小的警告。它让我们更清楚地认识到自己的过失。语文这东西，像苦瓜一样难以人口却又回味无穷。 语文这东西，你与它真心相待，它就会回报你一颗火热的心。我们常常因为有了它的陪伴，生命变得绚丽多彩。

语文是抽象的东西，但语文又是感性的、形象的。它在我们生命的轨迹上留下了坚实的脚印。我们终将老去，然而语文却会永远年轻。语文这东西，让我们眼中含泪，却嘴角上扬。 语文这东西，爱你没商量！

一、代入法

这是进行英语写作时最常用的方法。同学们在掌握一定的词汇和短语之后，结合一定的语法知识，按照句子的结构特点，直接用英语代人相应的句式即可。如：

1. 他从不承认自己的失败。

He never admits his failure.

2. 那项比赛吸引了大批观众。

The match attracted a large crowd.

3. 他把蛋糕分成4块。

He divided the cake into four pieces.

二、还原法

即把疑问句、强调句、倒装句等还原成基本结构。这是避免写错句子的一种有效的办法。如：

1. 这是开往格拉斯哥的火车吗?

Is this the train for Glasgow?

还原为陈述句：This is the train for Glasgow.

2. 他是因为爱我的钱才同我结了婚。

It was because he loved my money that he married me.

还原为非强调句：Because he loved my money, he married me.

3. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.

还原为正常语序：Light travels so fast that we can hardly imagine its speed.

三、分解法

把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。这样既能把意思表达得更明了，又能减少写错句子的几率。如：

1. 我们要干就要干好。

If we do a thing, we should do it well.

2. 从各地来的学生中有许多是北方人。

There are students here from all over the country. Many of them are from the North.

四、合并法

就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法最能体现学生的英语表达能力，同时也最能提高文章的可读性。如：

1. 我们迷路了，这使我们的旅行变成了一次冒险。

Our trip turned into an adventure when we got lost.

2. 天气转晴了，这是我们没有想到的。

The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.

3. 狼是高度群体化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。

Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon their cooperation.

五、删减法

就是在写英语句子时，把相应汉语句子里的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。如：

1. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。

This typewriter is very cheap and fine indeed.

注：汉语表达中的“价”和“物”在英语中均无需译出。

2. 个子不高不是人生中的严重缺陷。

Not being tall is not a serious disadvantage in life.

注：汉语说“个子不高”，其实就是“不高”。也就是说，其中的“个子”在英语中无需译出。

六、移位法

由于英语和汉语在表达习惯上存在差异，根据表达的需要，某些成分需要前置或后移。如：

1. 他发现赚点外快很容易。

He found it easy to earn extra money.

注：it在此为形式宾语，真正的宾语是句末的不定式to earn extra money。

2. 告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。

The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.

注：who told me this为修饰the man的定语从句，应置于其后。

3. 直到我遇到你以后，我才真正体会到幸福。

It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness.

注：not...until...为英语中的固定句式，其意为“直到……才……”。

七、分析法

指根据要表示的汉语意思，通过进行语法分析和句式判断，然后写出准确地道的英语句子。如：

1. 从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般料想的那样严重。

Seen in this light, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.

注：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，由于the matter与see之间为被动关系，故see要用过去分词seen。

2. 我没有见过他，所以说不出他的模样。

Not having met him, I cannot tell you what he is like.

注：如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，且与逻辑主语是主动关系，则用现在分词的完成式。

八、意译法

有的同学在写句子时，一遇见生词或不熟悉的表达，就以为是“山穷水尽”了。其实，此时我们可以设法绕开难点，在保持原意的基础上，用不同的表达方式写出来。如：

1. 汤姆一直在扰乱别的孩子，我就把他撵了出去。

Tom was upsetting the other children, so I showed him the door.

2. 有志者事竟成。

Where there is a will, there is a way.

3. 你可以同我们一起去或是呆在家中，悉听尊便。

You can go with us or stay at home, whichever you choose.

Mid-autumn festival is one of the most important festivals for Chinese

people. At that time, people will come back home and spend time with their

families. The meaning of this festival is to provide people a chance to get

reunion. Chinese people pay special attention to the family reunion. It is a

good tradition, which is inherited for thousands of years. Mooncake is the

classic food, which can represent this festival. The most exciting moment for me

is to appreciate the moon at the balcony and chat with my families. We eat some

snacks and talk so happily. Mid-autumn Festival is part of Chinese culture and

should be reserved forever.

As time goes by, I have been in junior middle school for three years, and I have too many feelings in the last time to say goodbye to junior high school life.

Three years of drip, it is condensed into a few thin memories.

Rongrong, light wind, how many times we read books under the tree, bird watching, watching the sun; how many times on the roadside flower and tree, see a fountain; how many times to read, read "practice" Dripping water wears through a stone. "innovation", "read the May June is approaching for drifting away. Yuekao Balefire rises from all directions., senior high school entrance examination imminent. Who will The Legendary Swordsman, in late June. Dont take me, God helps those who help themselves "

Every familiar corner of the campus has left us with laughter, and every inch of the campus has spilled our sweat.

The playground played the song of our youth, which aroused our silent beacon fire.

There are our most true and most beautiful memories of the party; the classroom has our most joyous and most pure laughter; the aisle has our deepest and most intimate feelings.

The leaves are green and yellow, yellow and yellow, falling and green, green and yellow... More than one thousand sunrise months behind us today, we have graduated.

After graduation, I can not forget the green tree, yellow leaves, gorgeous flowers, green grass, big stone, blue water, spirit of fish, sweet taste, and beauty, the wonderful sound of birds and cicadas of butterflies, accompanied by breeze, and the memory image of the sun is very beautiful, very beautiful, very true, very true.

After graduation, I can not forget the spiritual wealth of every good teacher and beneficial friend. The initiative and persistence of the Chinese language; the attitude and details of mathematics; the pursuit and efforts of English; the ideas and methods of physics; the seriousness and meticulousness of chemistry; the struggle and striving for political history; the interest and enterprising of the living place; the tenacious and struggling of sports. The praise of success; the comfort of the failure; the jokes of the happy time; the accident in grief... The fragments of memory are fine, fine, wonderful and wonderful.

Junior high school, there is an incredible feeling of heart. Three years of drip, it is condensed into a few thin memories.

After graduating from junior high school, we will go to their respective places for high school. I cant bear these lovely junior high school classmates. However, I know they cant be avoided, but those will be my good memories.

以下是《九年级英语作文:我和哥哥的历险记》翻译。

It was sunny that day. Our parents were out, so there were only my brother and me at home. We were bored. So we decided to go boating. We played happily. But when we went to the middle of the river, the weather changed. It rained suddenly. We didn t bring umbrella and our boat was bamboo raft. As the rain was more and heavier, we were afraid to sink in the river. We tried our best to make our boat in shore. But our bamboo raft had more water on it. I was afraid to die. My brother was also very anxious. At that time, my mother came and she pulled us back to the ground. It was thrilling.

那是一个晴天。我们的父母都出去了，所以只有我和哥哥在家。我们很无聊。所以我们决定去划船。我们玩的很开心。但当我们走到河中央时，天气变了。突然下起雨来。我们没带伞，而且我们的船还竹排。由于雨越来越大，我们担心会沉到河里去。我们尽力使我们的船靠岸。但是竹筏上的水越来越多。我害怕死了。我哥哥也很着急。那时，我妈妈来了来了，她把我们拉回到地面。真的惊心动魄啊。

My Best Friend

我最要好的朋友

Everybody has a best friend that they can share everything with. I also have a best friend. We met in school, and were in the same grade.

每个人都有可以与之分享所有事的最要好的朋友。我也有个最要好的朋友。我们是在学校里相遇的，还是一个年级的。

My best friend is a good student because he is very hardworking. I learn a lot from him. He helps me with math; I help him with English. We always help each other. Besides that, hes honest and reliable. I trust him completely and we share secrets all the time.

我的好朋友是一个好学生，因为他非常努力（学习）。我从他身上学到很多（东西）。他帮我复习数学，我帮他复习英语。我们总是互相帮助。除此之外，他是个老实并可信赖（的人）。我完全相信他，我们一直分享着秘密。

My best friend is a loyal and brave boy. When a bully teased me, he came to my rescue right away. He always remembers my birthday and he is fun to be with. He tells funny jokes and stories. He always makes me laugh. Finally, he is a very good listener and he knows how to cheer me up when Im down. I hope well stay friends forever.

我最要好的朋友也是一个忠诚并勇敢的男孩。当恶霸欺负我的时候，他立马来解救我。他总是记得我的生日，而且与他相处很愉快。他告诉我有趣的笑话和故事。他总是使我发笑。最后，他是一个很棒的倾听者，当我心情低落的时候，他知道如何让我振作起来。我希望我们能成为永远的朋友。

[我最好的朋友初中优秀英语作文

一、单项选择题

(1)先易后难：一些考题的答案比较容易选定，可以先从这些考题入手。平时练习时，应以基础为主，主要精力不应放在偏题、怪题上。

(2)分析考查意图、运用相关知识：应学会分析出题者考查的意图，明确相关题的测试点是什么，然后运用所学知识，进行分析、判断，再进行选择。

(3)利用暗示进行选择：注意考题涉及的语境范围。平时应注重对习惯用语表达、惯用法和中英文化差别等方面知识的积累。

(4)运用排除法：可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。先排除较容易、较明显的错误选项，缩小范围，而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析，最后确定答案。

二、完形填空题

1、搭配判断法。

根据对以往试题的分析，搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。

2、结构判断法。

结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：

(1)转折、让步关系：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。

常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but，still，yet，however，though，although，no matter，in spite of，anyway，even if等。

(2)因果关系：

表示原因的连词或词组有：because (of )，due to，owing to，thanks to，since，for，as等。

表示结果的词或词组有：so，therefore，then，as a result，in consequence，consequently，thus等。

(3)递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。

常用的词、词组有：moreover，likewise，besides，in addition，also，too，not only…but also，apart from，what‘s more 等。

(4)对比、比较关系：对比观点或事物间的差异性，比较观点或事物间的同一性。

表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，conversely，unlike，oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有：like，in comparison，compare…with，as，just as等。

3、词义判断法。

词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项，遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断、选择答案。

三、阅读理解

在做阅读理解题时，除了掌握前面介绍的基本题型、基本法则外，还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面几个方面入手：词汇、方法、侧重点。

1、词汇：猜词的技巧。

在阅读过程中，不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词，考试中又不允许查词典，有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大，可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下，必需猜测词的含义，这就需要利用猜词的技巧了。

最基本的猜词技巧有两种：一是根据构词法的规则猜，构词法的规则在前面的章节中已有介绍，这里就不重复了;另一种猜词的技巧是根据上下文的描述、解释、列举、比较等，运用已有的知识，分析、推断该词的含义。常用的猜词技巧可归纳为以下几种：

(1)利用词根、词缀构词法推测词义。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一。

(2)分析文中对该词的直接定义推测词义。

作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词，为使读者理解，作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用冒号、破折号、括号给出，或用语篇标志词引出，这类语篇标志词有：that is (to say); e.g.;oor，in other words;to put it in another way等。如：

She is bilingual.In other words，she speaks English and French equally well.(bilingual：会说两种语言的)。

(3)分析文中对该词的近义复述推测词义。

同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用，可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。如：

It is difficult t

o list all of my fathe‘s attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.(attribute：特质;才能)

(4)分析文中对该词的对比和并列表述推测词义。

利用上下文中的对比或并列表述猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词(尤其是偏词、难词)的同义词或反义词，运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以推测。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系，特别是一些语篇标志词，如：however;on the other hand;nevertheless等，我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如：

If you agree，write “yes”;if you dissent，write “no”。(dissent：不同意）

①1782年4月，法国巴黎的一位采石工人劈开了一块巨大的石头，眼前的一幕让他惊呆了：石头里面藏着4只蟾蜍，它们竟然都还活着。石头被劈开后，这4只蟾蜍蹦了出来，看起来还很有活力。

②科学家对这里的石灰岩层进行了科学测定，证实它们形成于100多万年之前，也就是说这4只蟾蜍在石层中已经冬眠100多万年了。

③这件事让人们大为惊诧，这4只蟾蜍竟然能活100多万年！它们是怎么在这100多万年里保持着生命的活力的呢？

④我们谁都渴望长寿，可是人类和其他动物的寿命都是有限的。一只狗可以活15年到20年，一匹马可以活30年到40年。无论是人类还是动物，生命都是有限的。一般来说，人的生命极限为200至250年，而普通的蟾蜍的生命极限也只是10年。

⑤可是这4只小小的蟾蜍竟然能够挑战生命的极限，存活了100万年，这令人唏嘘不已。

⑥面对这样的生命奇迹，人们不禁要问：“在如此漫长的时间内，这些蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下，是怎么维持生命的呢？这些能生存百万年的老寿星们，它们是怎么修炼出长寿秘诀的呢？”

⑦有科学家分析说，可能是这些动物在冬眠的时候地壳发生了变动，它们所在的淤泥变成了岩石，这些岩石虽然看起来很坚固，其实存在着不少微小缝隙，所以水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，它们便可以生存了。但是，动物要维系生命，还需要一定的热量，尽管蟾蜍或青蛙在冬眠时热量消耗非常低，但它们自身的热量，无论如何也无法维持数千年甚至数万年之久啊！

⑧有科学家解释说，蟾蜍能经过上百万年仍有生命体征，得益于它们生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下。封存它们的岩层或矿层就是这样一个恒温的环境。在这样的环境下，它们不会受到任何外界的刺激，天气阴晴冷暖、四季交替对它们都没有什么影响。蟾蜍实际上等于把生命贮藏了起来，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。

⑨还有科学家认为，蟾蜍长寿是因为它们体内有一种甘油在起作用。美国的一位科学家就曾做过这样的实验：他先把几只快要冬眠的青蛙放到零下6度的环境中，一周之后，他给青蛙慢慢地提高温度解冻，并检查青蛙的肌肉成分，结果发现它们的肌肉中多了一种甘油。所以他认为，蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

⑩另有一些科学家认为，上述解释都还不够充分。迄今为止，对于蟾蜍和青蛙如何长久维持生命的问题，科学家们还没有形成一致的结论。但随着生物科学的迅速发展，相信这个谜团最终会被解开，这可能还会对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用呢。

(选自2014年2期《学生天地 》初中版)

1.对于蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下得以长寿的原因，科学家有哪几种解释？请作简要概括。

2.选文第③段中加着重号的“这件事”指代什么？

3.选文第④段加线句运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？

4.简析第⑩段加着重号的词语“可能”的作用。

参考答案：

1.①包裹蟾蜍的岩石存在着不少微小缝隙，水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，蟾蜍便可以生存了。②蟾蜍生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。③蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

2.4只蟾蜍在一块巨大的石头里活了100多万年。

3.用列数字的说明方法，真实具体地说明了一般动物的寿命是有限的。

4.“可能”表推测，说明蟾蜍长寿谜团被解开，也许对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用，“可能”体现出说明文语言的准确性、科学性特点。

Friendship is, a knife, the rocks break in my heart;

Friendship is a lamp, illuminate the darkness in my heart;

Friendship, is a huge box, harvest happiness, also share the happiness.

The boundless huge crowd, find a friend? Difficult! Find a bosom friend? Even harder! But all this encounter, as if is god arrangement, let you accidentally get a precious friendship, are you willing to cherish...

Maybe, this is friendship, unexpectedly, of course, I was no exception.

Time reversal, back to the first true friendship that day.

"The bell bell bell..." As the bell rang, the students like the cage fly bird, "fly" to the outside of the classroom activities. Soon after, the laughter, the wind gone with the wind in my ears. Curious I walked out of the classroom, sat down next to the tree, watching a game of only two or three people, how I want to jump with them, dancing together, but timid I didnt do it after a week. When I plucked up the courage to join their games, they also dont hesitate to accept me. Immediately and how the wave in the game, is my best friend, also is I got my first friendship, and friendship is gradually in the interesting game...

Of course, there is more than a friendship. In fourth grade, seat in the class, a boy called wang kun tune in next to me. At that time did not think of his name will enter my "good friends" list. Because of the seat, our feelings increase day by day, helicopters to my bosom friends.

In this way, day after day, year after year, the four of us is not cut points of bosom friends, and also let me get happiness from a friend - especially in the rainy day.

Which is a rainy day, rainy day let people by surprise.

The rain, continuous underground, at any time change, sometimes big, sometimes small. Susin and I, in the face of the sudden rain, helpless. It was getting dark side, the rain has not stopped, even as wang kun and I decided to rush home, an umbrella to cover my head, I was surprised to look back a look, turned out to be He Mingbin. He seemed to know what I was thinking, but before I opened my mouth, took asked: "you also go to the east. Then go!" I happy smile, warm like a fire, suddenly occupied my cold heart. I do not know when, He Mingbin appear between the I and wang kun, open the umbrella said: "go, I just send He Mingbin to markets."

In this way, the four of us talking and laughing all the way to break the campus at the moment of silence.

At that moment, have far keep in my heart, because at that moment, let me understand what is the true friendship - lend a helping hand when friends, when you need help, friends will make you refreshed, but anyway, at the last moment, dont abandon a friend, abandon the friendship.

Say goodbye to primary school life with the passage of time. Level with friends together of the time only just months after graduation, may god keep our fate, but maybe not. Now, I think, cherish now, cherish the friendship, between the friend leave deep memories, can let friendship get true friendship!

Friendship, is to make me happy angel;

Friendship, is better than a cherry sweet happiness;

The raft of friendship, is to make life infinitely more important parts!

Friendship is not worth to cherish, isnt?

[初中英语作文友谊

The teacher set up the summer homework. Good guy, that damned language

teacher actually call us to the 4th grade the old poem famous quote to copy 8

times! By this time, the roof of the classroom was "overturned". The students

were Shouting at each other. I myself comfort myself: nothing, dont copy 8

times, the big deal I make quick, still do not change plan.

Another day after that, my classmate xiao sheng called me to study

taekwondo with her. After the family discussed, I decided to let me go to

school. Then the cousin called again and said, "hello, yueyue, stay for a few

days during the summer vacation! I will teach you to draw pictures, by the way!"

"Really? Thats great! I must come!" By this time, I had forgotten to plan and

threw it out of the clouds.

When I look at the schedule, I have found that I am completely filled with

the schedule and time is not enough. How to do? Only a little bit of time... But

in comparison, none of them are free. That how to do? Can only be changed. What

better? Well, I only had a three-hour nap to learn taekwondo... That way, my

summer vacation will be "ample". What a bad summer!

This summer, I move to a new city with my parents, and I transfer to a new

school. I used to live in the countryside, so my new life is so different from

before. The school is a little far from my home, so I go to school by bus. After

school, I have many activities in school. Classmates are friendly to me. I learn

English now. Its so interesting that I like it very much. Besides, life in city

is different. There are many interesting places to go. At weekends, my parents

take me outside. We go to the park, the zoo or go shopping. But we are not so

familiar with our neighbors. I think we should build good relationship with

them.