初中英语说明文写作模板（通用20篇）

改写，就是把原有的一篇文章改变形式、长短的一种写作类型。下面是英语写作基础改写病句的技巧，欢迎参考阅读！

改写，包括改写、缩写、扩写、写摘要等多种形式：或改头换面，或削足适履，或海阔天空，或归纳总括，让你有足够的内容、机会和样式适应要求，施展才华。

改写是用不同形式表达同一内容的方法，使之成为与原文意思相同而表现方式、文体不同的作品。改写可以变换文章的人称、顺序，可以改变原文的体裁、结构，可以灵活运用自己的语言，尽可能用多种方法来表达、替换原文语句的内容。比如，我们可以把对话改写成散文，可以把记叙文变成通讯报导、新闻特写，反之亦然。

缩写是根据词数、字数的要求对原文加以压缩、概括，从而达到缩短篇幅、简化内容、突出中心等目的的写作形式。简言之，缩写是原文的“高度浓缩”。缩写时要忠实于原文，保留原文体裁、题材、主要内容、主要思想、结构顺序、语言风格、人称视角和表现方法等；既要使篇幅缩短，结构紧凑，又要使内容简明扼要，重点突出；不能对原文加入个人的认识、体会或对原文进行评论，也不能加入原文中没有的内容。

扩写则与缩写相反，是把篇幅短小的内容扩展成为篇幅较长的文章。扩写时，可以施展个人的想像力，在不离原文核心内容的前提下海阔天空，任意发挥，从而使细节更加充实、生动，使情节更加具有感染力，使解释、说明、论证更加充分有力。

摘要是一篇文章或一本书的梗概，多指论文或报告内容的提要。一些期刊、杂志上论文的“提要”、“摘要”，某些报纸、杂志在一篇文章前面写的“编者按”，一本书的前言等均属此列。写摘要就是简明扼要地向读者介绍一篇文章，一本书，一篇论文或一个报告的主要内容，使读者用较少的时间阅读后，能了解文章或书的来龙去脉。摘要可以改变体裁。写摘要时，笔者可以用原文的人称、语气、也可以用第三人称，即笔者的语气，但是不能改变原文的事实和观点，也不能丢掉原文的要点，应写成连贯的文章而不能写成提纲。

总之，改写、缩写、扩写、摘要都是对原有的文章进行适合某种需要的裁剪或放大，选取原文的精要而和盘托出，对其要点和实质容不得偷换和贪污。这些写作形式对学习写作的学生来说，是一种练习综合分析、归纳概括能力的好方法；对成人来说，是工作中的很好的帮手。

一个作家可以把一本小说改写成剧本，把一则简短的消息扩展为一部短篇或长篇小说；一名记者可以把一段会谈改写成一篇通讯报导或特写；一个编辑可以把收到的稿件根据版面大小或缩或扩写成适当的文章；我们在听领导人、某方面的专家做报告时要作点笔记，然后写出摘要文章；我们写成一篇论文后，可以给它写一段简短的摘要，等等。这些都是人们在生活、工作中必不可少的书面表达形式。所以，学会这些写作技巧，能使我们适应各方面的需要。

说明文是运用说明的方法，把某种事物介绍给读者，使读者对被说明的事物的形态、性质、构造、成因、关系、功用等获得清晰了解的一种文体。在语文教学中，说明文的讲读和写作应占有一定的地位。有的教师不愿教说明文，以为说明文无足轻重，这些认识是片面的。随着我国社会主义现代化事业的发展，尤其是科学技术现代化的飞速发展，说明文的应用和写作比过去有了较大的发展，越来越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值，它是学生继续升学和从事各种职业应用最广的一种文体。因此，在语文教学中应加强说明文教学，要教会学生写说明文。那么，怎样才能写好说明文呢？我认为要写好说明文，应着重抓好三个方面的训练：抓住事物的特征，合理安排说明的顺序，恰当地运用说明的方法。

一、了解说明对象，抓住事物特征

二、根据事物本质特征，合理安排说明顺序

说明事物，务求解说清楚，才能使人对说明对象有一个清晰、完整的印象。而要做到解说清楚，必须根据事物的本质特征合理安排说明顺序。说明文的顺序，根据说明的目的和对象或用时间顺序，或用空间顺序，或用逻辑顺序，或以一种顺序为主，兼用其他顺序。

1.说明建筑物，一般采用空间顺序和总分顺序相结合的写法。例如，《故宫博物院》是按照空间关系，由总到分，由外到内，由前到后，又由内到外来安排说明顺序。先简介故宫的总体布局，赞美建筑艺术，然后分述，最后对具体分述作综合概括。

2.介绍事物的发展，用时间顺序较为合适，因为按时间顺序写，能够显示出事物发展的阶段性。如《从甲骨文到缩微图书》按照时间顺序，从书的雏形甲骨文到简书、帛书，再到手抄书、雕版书、活字印刷书，进而发展到当今会说话的书、视盘、带香味的书、立体的会活动的书和缩微图书，条分缕析地介绍了书的演变过程。

Main Characters: The little prince, the pilot, the rose, the fox, the snake, etc.

Despite I’ve not in my childhood yet, I still prefer reading fairy-tale stories. The tales, which accompany with me in my old days, often make me think of some precious experience and sensation which only belong to children. This summer I’ve review this kind of tale, which was published in 1940. It’s the world-famous fairy-tale by the French author, Antoine de St-Exupery, The Little Prince.

As many other fairy-tales, the outline of The Little Prince is not very complex. ―I‖, the narrator of the story, is a pilot whose plane has something wrong and lands in the Sahara. In this occasion, the pilot makes the acquaintance of the little prince, a little boy from another planet, the Asteroid B612. The little prince has escaped from his tiny planet, because he has some quarrel with a rose, which grows on his planet. In that case he left his own planet and took an exploration at some neighbor asteroids.

On his all-alone journey, the little prince meets different kinds of people, which includes a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. From these people he gets a conclusion that the grown-ups are very odd. Following the instruction of the geographer, he descends in the Sahara, on the earth.

Traveling on the earth, the little prince, who sees a garden of five-thousand roses, is overcome with astonishment and sadness, as he considers his rose is unique in the universe before. At that time a fox appears. The fox, who tell the little prince about the meaning of the word ―tame‖, becomes his new friend. At the time to say farewell, the fox makes him know that his rose is unique because she is his rose and tamed by him. From that the little prince begins to treasure friendship and be responsible to his rose.

At the anniversary day of his descent of the earth, rejecting the pilot’s advice, he goes back to his own planet by bite of a snake. ―It’s too far. I can not carry this body with me. It’s too heavy.‖ he said. He tells his friend, the pilot, he must be responsible for his rose, so he has to go back. At the end the author doesn’t tell us the ending directly. Maybe it’s more significant for us to imagine, and for more, think over.

[小王子初中英语读后感

Every year, the thing I expect the most is the Spring Festival. My parents

work far from home and they come back one or two times a year. The Spring

Festival is the time they come home. Every time they come back, they bring mangy

things to me. When I was little, they bought me toys, new clothes and shoes.

Now, they often buy me books. They say more reading is good for me. They hope I

can learn more. The time spend with them is always happy but short. They only

have half a month at home. I hope they can stay at home longer.

人们一提到虎，就会想到它那健壮的身体，锋利的爪牙和威风的样子。的确，虎被 称为百兽之王，它是胜利和力量的象征。

在现实生活中，虎的数量很少，中学生作文《初中说明文作文》。在九种虎中，有四种已经灭绝了。仅剩下的五种虎中，也有 几种的数量仅剩两位数了。但美洲虎，东北虎的踪迹，还是可以在森林中找到，还是一样的 威风。

东北虎的毛色非常美丽，额前有一个“王”字形的斑纹，一身淡黄色的长毛上夹杂着黑色条 纹，显得十分漂亮；它那强健、粗壮的四肢和一对炯炯有神的眼睛，又使它显得威风凛凛。 东北虎是肉食性动物，它身上最厉害的武器就是锋利的爪和犬齿。它的爪长达十多厘米，伸 缩自如，比钢刀还利，就是牛皮也禁不住它一抓；犬齿长6厘米，是撕碎猎物不可缺少的“ 餐刀”；虎的舌头上有很多尖锐的刺，适于嘶咬。趾垫和掌心的肉垫，像海绵似的柔软，使 东北虎走起路来像猫一样，无声无息，敏捷而富有弹性。

所有种类的老虎几乎都有这些特点，这是它们身体条件上的优势，而它们的捕食本领也比狮 子高明，常采取静伏、潜行，好搞突然袭击。它的一声长啸，会吓得许多动物伏地不动，然 后 使用扑、掀和剪等方法来捕捉。虎的一扑很厉害，能远扑七米之外，跃高2米，一掌可以击 倒一只鹿。它的尾巴就像一条铁棍，“一剪”可以打断动物的腰和腿。它还有尖牙利爪，遇 上牛这样的大家伙，就从后面跃上牛背，抓住头颈，前顶后扯；如果从正面袭击，就会抓住 咽喉，连咬带撕，再壮的牛也只能任它宰割了。

虎在热带和寒温带森林中都有栖息，它耐寒超过耐热，喜欢洗澡，常常出没在离水较近的草 丛之间。在饱餐之后，它们一般都比较喜欢在安静的地方休息。虎与狮不同，一般都在晨昏 时才出来觅食，但是行动却十分隐蔽。

除母虎带仔外，绝大多数的虎都是单独栖居，并有明显的巢域。母虎一般两三年一胎，一胎 一般二仔。由于森林日趋减少，素有“森林的保护者”美誉的老虎不但保护不了被人类不断 吞噬的森林，连自身的生存也受到环境问题的严重严胁。目前，我国虎类总共只有3000多只 。

由于虎的价值大，数量又少，这“森林之王”的雄姿已很难见到。目前东北虎和华南虎均已 被列为我们国家的一类保护动物，相信经过社会各界人士不懈的努力，一定会使子孙后代们 永远可以见到这百兽之王— —虎的雄姿。

I like midsummer the most in the wholeyear. In the day time, it is very hot. It seems that we all live in the hotpan. It is not comfortable. But in the evening, the sky is clear and bright.

I cansee the stars clearly and sometimes I can see bright and round moon.

Besides,compared to the day time, midsummer night is very cool.

When the wind blowthrough me, I feel wonderful. My all day trouble is gone with the wind. I likelooking at the sky in the roof of my house in midsummer night. It is beautiful.

一年当中我最喜欢的是仲夏。白天的时候，天气很热。我们就好像生活在热锅上一样。很不舒服。但是，在晚上，天空很清澈明朗。我可以清清楚楚地看到天上的星星，有时我还能看到又亮又圆的月亮。而且，跟白天相比，仲夏夜很凉爽。当风吹过我的时候，那感觉是很棒的。一整天的烦恼都随风而逝了。我喜欢在仲夏夜我家屋顶上看天空。很漂亮。

[初中英语作文：仲夏夜

An annual one National Day long vacation finally arrived， I go out with my father and mother， visit places of interest， enjoy the great culture of the motherland。 Stores the door hung balloons and colorful flags， red， yellow， green。。。 Is permeated with a festive atmosphere。 Inside is buzzing， carried out a series of promotional activities。 The street people mountain people sea， riding car also want to be a long queue for tickets。 Scenic visitors like a long dragon， countless。 Www.ZixueKaoShi.neT.Men， women， and children should enjoy， people took advantage of the holiday come out to play。 The parking lot， hotel， shopping mall must be very considerable。

National Day is a happy day， peoples living standards improve really fast。 In our motherland mothers arms。 Happiness， happy growth， I wish the motherland mother always beautiful， always prosperous and wish the motherland prosperity every year， the rich!

I have a good friend, when I was five years old, I met her, she is my neighbor, we became friends and play together all the time. Last week, my friend took part in the female basketball match, she is good at basketball, so I encouraged her to join our school team. The team played so well that they came to the final yesterday, the match was so excellent, at last, my friend’s team won the first place, I feel so happy, I plan to buy her a present and congratulate her. I feel so proud of her, she inspires me, too. We give each other encourage to move on. We will be good friends forever.

我有一个好朋友，在我五岁的时候，我就遇到了她，她是我的邻居，我们成为了好朋友，一直在一起玩耍。上周，我的朋友参加了女子篮球比赛，她很擅长篮球，所以我鼓励她加入校队。她的队伍打得很好，昨天打入了决赛，比赛很精彩，最后，我的朋友的队伍赢得了第一名，我感到很开心。我打算给她买一个礼物，祝贺她。我为她感到自豪，她也鼓励了我。我们给予彼此勇气前进。我们永远都是好朋友。

[祝贺朋友初中英语作文

Dear teacher and classmates:

I am very glad to make a speech here in this class again! This time, Id like to talk something about English.

I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me great pleasure.

When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children . Then I discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the English world.

Everyday, I read English following the tapes. Sometimes, I watch English cartoons.

On the weekend, I often go to the English corner. By talking with different people there, I have made more and more friends as well as improved my oral English.

I hope I can travel around the world someday. I want to go to America to visit Washington Monument, because the president Washington is my idol. Of course, I want to go to London too, because England is where English language developed. If I can ride my bike in Cambridge university, I will be very happy.

I hope I can speak English with everyone in the world. Ill introduce China to them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and Anshan.

I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.

If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.

[初中英语作文：我爱学习英语

我的新老师—初中英语作文大全

【—我的新老师—】下文是老师为同学们带来的关于对老师的印象及自己的看法，同学们对自己的老师是否也有着不一样看法呢？

My New Teacher

The new semester has begun. Every thing seems the same as before, except one thing. That is our class has a new English teacher. His name is Yang yang, but we always call his English name, Robert. He is a young and sunshine. He just graduated from university. His pronunciation is very good and I like his spoken English. Robert is humorous and his class is interesting and lively. Except for the textbook, he finds many other articles for class teaching, such as songs, movies and cartoons. He says that we can learn more from what we are interested in. I like this new teacher.

新学期已经开始了。除了一件事以外，每一件事看起来都和原来一样。那就是我们班来了个新的英语老师。他的名字叫杨阳，但是我们经常叫他的英文名Robert。他年轻阳光，刚刚从大学毕业。他的发音很标准 初中英语，我很喜欢他的口语。Robert很幽默，他的课堂生动有趣。除开课本，他还找了很多文章进行课堂教学，比如歌曲，电影和卡通。他说我们可以从我们感兴趣的东西学到更多。我喜欢这位新老师。

上面的是关于对老师的英文介绍，同学们对单词和短语都了解呢？如果不懂，记得要查英语字典哦！

初三英语单词表大全

A a(an) art

a(an) art ability n

ability n able a

able a about prep & ad

about prep & ad above prep

above prep abroad a & ad

abroad a & ad absent a

absent a accent n

accent n accept v

accept v accident n

accident n ache n

ache n achieve v

achieve v across prep

across prep act n & v

act n & v action n

action n active a

active a activity n

activity n add v

add v address n

address n advantage n

advantage n advertisement n

advertisement n advice n

advice n advise v

advise v afford v

afford v afraid a

afraid a after ad , prep & con

after ad , prep & con afternoon n

afternoon n again ad

again ad against prep

against prep age n

age n ago ad

ago ad agree v

agree v agreement n

agreement n air n

air n airline

airline airplane n

airplane n airport n

airport n alive a

alive a all a & pron

all a & pron allow v

allow v almost ad

almost ad alone a

alone a along ad & prep

along ad & prep aloud ad

aloud ad already ad

already ad also ad

also ad although conj

although conj always ad

always ad America n

America n American a & n

American a & n among prep

among prep ancient a

ancient a and conj

and conj angry a

angry a animal n

animal n another a & pron

another a & pron answer n & v

answer n & v ant n

ant n any pron & a

any pron & a anybody pron

anybody pron anyone pron

anyone pron anything pron

anything pron anyway ad

anyway ad anywhere ad

anywhere ad appear v

appear v apple n

apple n April n

April n area

area arm n

arm n army n

army n around prep & ad

around prep & ad arrive v

arrive v art n

art n article n

article n as ad, conj & prep

as ad, conj & prep Asia n

Asia n Asian a & n

Asian a & n ask v

ask v asleep a

asleep a at prep

at prep Atlantic n & a

Atlantic n & a attention n

attention n August n

August n aunt n

aunt n Australia n

Australia n Australian a & n

Australian a & n autumn n

autumn n available a

available a avoid n

avoid n awake v

awake v away ad

away ad baby n

Pollution around us

In recent years our life is becoming better and better. But our environment is becoming worse and worse. Its very bad for our life. Now many people have air-conditioners and cars, they produce (give off ) waste gas. More and more trees are being cut down. There are so much sand on the earth (leaving only sand ) . We often see factories pour waste into rivers or lakes. Water in the river is quite dirty. We havent enough clean water to drink in cities. Now we are in danger. Its very necessary and important to protect the environment well. I think if everyone tries his best to protect the environment, the world will become much more beautiful , and our life will be better and better .

我们周围的污染

近年来我们的生活越来越好。但是，我们的环境越来越糟。它对我们的生活很糟糕。现在很多人都有空调和汽车，他们生产的（出）废气。越来越多的树被砍伐。有那么多的沙子在地球（只留下沙）。我们经常看到工厂把废水倒入河流或湖泊。河里的水很脏。我们没有足够的干净的水的城市。现在我们有危险。这是非常必要和重要的保护好环境。我想，如果每个人都尽自己最大的努力去保护环境，世界将变得更加美丽，我们的生活会越来越好。

写作说明文的目的一般是让人们了解事物的特征、明白事理，从而获得一定的知识和技能。在表达方式中，说明是一种最基本的表达方式，下面是小编整理的说明文典型的写作技巧，欢迎来参考！

一、说明文的含义和分类

所谓说明文，就是以说明为主要表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理而给人以知识的文章，它通过对实体事物的解说，或对抽象整理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类，成因、功能，关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识，从而获得有关的知识。以说明为主是说明文与其他文体从表达方式上相区别的标志。

在各种文章样式中，说明文体是一种相对独立的类别。在人们的社会生活中，说明文越来超越显示出它的重要作用和实用价值。现实生活充分表明，说明文不是一种无足轻重的文章形式，而是运用范围极为广泛的常用文体，它与人们的生产、工作和生活的关系相当密切，而且由于社会生活的需要，说明文写作正在大量涌现。

关于说明文的分类，现在人们从不同的角度，根据各自的标准，对说明文有不同的分法。我们根据说明文的表现手法，大体上把它分为三类：一、阐释性说明文；二、述说性说明文；三、文艺性说明文。

从几个不同侧面来解说事物、阐释事理的说明文叫阐释性说明文。有关历史、地理、物理、化学、动物、植物、科学卫生、语言文艺等方面的知识性文字或教材、科学实验报告、器物使用说明等都属于这一类。

通过简述概况或情节来介绍事物的说明文叫述说性说明文。电影、电视剧各戏曲的剧情简介，小说和其它文学作品心的内容提要、连环画或某些摄影照片的解说词等都属于这一类。

运用形象化的手法来介绍事物、阐述事理的说明文叫文艺性说明文。这类说明文具有较多的文学色彩。知识小品（或叫科学小品）、名胜古迹、文物的说明简介等都属于这一类。

一般说来，前两类的写法比较平实，重在对事物或事理的条分缕析的解说。后一类的写法活动活泼，富有情趣，多采用文艺笔调。

二、 说明文的特点

说明文有如下特点：

1、 说明性

2、 知识性

一般说来，记叙文、议论文都或多或少地含有各种知识，能给人以教益，但是在传授知识方面，都比不上说明文那样直接、集中和强烈。这是因为说明文写作，其直接目的就给人以知识或技能。说明文的内容以知识为核心，不管是哪一篇说明文，它的内容不外乎是自然科学知识，社会科学知识，人们日常生活、工作、学习所需要的知识，从宏观世界到微观世界，从基础学科到尖端科学，从奇妙的微生物到人类社会，从石器到电脑，从沙漠到海洋，从地层变化到天体运行，……漠漠宇宙，大千世界，无一不是说明文内容所涉足的领域，知识性是说明文写作的出发点，也是它的落脚点。

说明文既然要给人传授知识，就必须具有高度的科学性（包括阐释事理的合理性）。不管是对实体事物的说明，还是对非实体事物的说明，都必须如实地反映客观事物，做到内容真实可靠，反映准确恰当，解说清楚明白。如果说明文违反知识的科学性，则是一个致使的伤。说明文主要对客观事物或事理予以冷静地解说阐释，一般不需要带上强烈的感情色彩或表示作者的倾向，具有客观性的特点。

《辞海》是这样介绍银杏的：

银杏亦称“白果树”、“公孙树”。银杏科。落叶乔木。叶扇形。雌雄异株。种子椭圆形或倒卵形。系孑遗植物，我国普遍栽培；日本亦产生长较慢，寿命较长，可达千余年。种仁供食用，多食中毒，外种皮可提栲胶。木材浅黄色，细致，轻软，供建筑、家具，雕刻及其他工艺品用。又为庭园树、行道树。中医学上以种子入药，性平、味苦涩、有小毒。功能敛肺定喘，主治痰哮喘咳、遗精、带下、小便频数等症。种子含有氢氰酸、组氨酸、蛋白质等。

这段关于银杏的说明文只是对银杏的名称、特点、产地，用途等作客观的如实的介绍，全是解说式的语言，把它与郭沫若的散文《银杏》对比，其客观性就显而易见了。

3、 实用性

从说明文的社会功用看，它具有广泛的实用价值。诸如法律条文的撰写、典章制度的编纂，天文历法的修著，生产知识的记录，工作经验的介绍等等，从卷帙浩繁的百科条目到一种产品的使用说明，说明文的触角，探伸到社会生活、生产的各个领域，起着巨大的作用，成为人们交换思想、交流经验的工具，沟通文理学科的桥梁。

三、 说明文的写作

写说明文和写其它文章一样，必须明确写作意图，确立文章中心;充分占有材料，力求做到言之有物、言之有序。除了这些一般性的要求之外，说明文的写作还有如下要求：

（一） 抓住事物特征，把握说明中心

任何事物都具有自身的质的规定性，一个事物的特征是区别于其它事物的标志。写说明文只有抓住事物的特征，才能把被说明的事物准确清晰地介绍给读者，让人们对事物有确切的了解。事物往往有方面的特征，介绍事物时，不可能在一篇说明文里面面俱到;只能根据需要，一次谈一两个特征。因此，要写好说明文，还必须把握说明文的中心。如：《漫活圆周率》是一篇介绍数学基础的说明文。文章题为“漫话”，并没有漫无边际地随意堆砌关于圆周率的材料，而是围绕求出圆周率的更精确的数值这个中心，向人们介绍了古今中外数学家对圆周率的数值所做的贡献。

抓住事物特点，把握说明中心，这是写说明文的一个重要要求，要做到这一点，写作者必须在写作前对被 说明的事物作深入细致的研究。必须懂得只有熟悉被说明的事物，认识并掌握被说明事物本身的规律性，才能做到这一点。

（二） 针对具体情况，选好写作角度

写说明文选取什么角度要依实际情况而定。比如，介绍牛的知识，如果是为饲养者写的，要侧重介绍牛的生活习惯和特性;如果是为使用者写的，要侧重介绍牛的功能和力气;如果是为兽医写的，则主要介绍它的身体构造;如果是为食用者写的，可以主要介绍它的营养价值。当然，作为科普知识介绍，不妨全面一点为好。

（三） 务求解说清楚、做到条理分明

写说明文的目的就是让人获得知识的技能，只有解说清楚，才能达到这个目的。说明说明，一说即明，如何解说清楚，要讲究说明的方法，注意结构的安排，着力语言的运用。关于说明的方法，这里就不详细介绍了。这里着重讲讲结构安排的条理性问题。

文章的条理性是客观事物、事理本身的特点、规律在文章结构上的反映。说明文解说事物、阐释事理要按其本身的条理来安排说明的次序，使之层次清楚，主次分明，安排说明文的结构首先要注意条理性。如何具体安排结构，不同类型的说明文有不同要求，介绍产品制作过程的说明文，往往按照产品生产工序来安排结构，如叶圣陶的《景泰蓝的制作》是一篇介绍手工工艺品景泰蓝的说明文。它按照制作工艺的程序，抓住“做胎”、“掐丝”、“涂色”、“烧制”、“打磨”五道关键工序依次作了详细具体的说明，全篇言之有序，给人的印象十分鲜明。这一类安排，以时间变化为序，着重写事物的过程。

（四）语言准确简明，文字通俗浅显

选用准确的语言，精当地解说事物的事理，是说明文语言的基本要求。说明文是以介绍知识性内容为主的，只有如实反映被说明内容的客观情况，才能保证知识的科学性。相反，语言不准确就会失去知识的科学性。

明代学者徐光启笔译古数学家欧几里得的《几何原理》，其中的一节：

凡论度必始于一体。自点引之而为线，自线广之而为面，自面积之而为体，各自三大纲。是心有长而无阔者谓之线，有长与阔而无厚者谓之面，长与阔厚俱全者谓之体。唯点无长阔厚薄，其间不能容，不可以数度，然线之两端即点，而线面体皆由此生。点虽不入于数，实为从数之本。

这节解说数学基本概念的说明文，把什么是点、线、面、体，点与数度的联系和区别作了确切的阐释，语言也很精当。

此外，在说明文中往往有些内容是带有专门化的科学知识，涉及一些专门名词和专业术语，在说明中特别要求把它们运用得准确无误，使读者便于领会。如：“航空”与“航天”是两个不同的概念，有篇文章作了这样的解说：“飞机在大气层内飞行，称为航空;卫星、飞船在大气层外飞行，称为航天。它们是采用不同的飞行器在不同的空间来完成飞行任务的”。这种解说是十分准确的，使人对什么叫“航空”、什么叫“航天”得到了科学的了解。

说明文的语言必须简要精当。看下面的这段文字：

“蝉的幼虫脱皮是从背上开始的。先出来的一层旧皮从背上裂开，露出淡绿色的蝉来。先出来的是头，接着是吸管和前腿，最后是后腿和折叠着翅膀，只留下尾边尖儿还在那层旧皮里。这时候，它腾起身子，往后翻下来，头部倒挂着，原来折叠着的翅膀打开了，竭力伸直。接着，用一种几乎看不清的动作尽力把身体翻上去，用前脚的爪子钩住那层旧皮。这个动作使它的尾巴尖儿从那层旧皮里完全脱出不了。那层旧皮就只剩下空壳，成了蝉蜕，。从开始到完全脱出来，大约要半个钟头。

这段文字不到二百个字，具体说明了蝉的幼虫脱皮的整个过程。用简明的语言把幼虫脱皮的复杂动作细致而真切地写出来了。文字不枝不蔓，语言富有表现力，给人很清晰的印象。、

在说明文的写作中，应该注意克服几种常见的毛病。这就是：

第一，防止知识性的差错。如有篇写“牛”的习作这样写道：“牛有水牛、黄牛两种，牛是反刍动物，只吃青草，不必喂料。牛都两只角，体强力大，是世界各国普遍使用的耕作工具。”由于写作者对有关牛的知识了解不够，有些只是一知半解。所以写起来造成知识性的错误。世界上牛的品种不只水牛、黄牛两种，杂交品种的牛并不长角;除了青草外，还必须给牛喂其它饲料;世界上也不是普遍使用牛作为耕作工具，牛还有专供食用、奶用或运输用，甚至作为神物崇拜的。

第二避免文体性的错误。如有篇说明文题为《蚯蚓》，其中写道：“……别看这小动物不惹眼，它可天天在松土、干活，它不讲究吃穿，不讲究休息，不讲住的，不讲报酬，整天埋头苦干，为人们劳作耕地，让作物生长茂盛。我不禁想起我们的老师，他们也有蚯蚓精神。

我愿作一条辛勤劳动的蚯蚓。”

显而易见，这篇习作把一篇说明文写成了一篇借物咏志的抒情散文了。

第三，克服片面性的论述。如，有篇题为《青蛙》的知识小品，介绍青蛙时写道：“青蛙是两栖、变温的动物，营养价值很高，……”这样定是片面的，青蛙能捕捉害虫，有益于庄稼的生长，只写它营养价值高，不宣传要保护它，饲养它，必然会造成不良社会影响。片面性是不利普及科学知识的。

Great, thats great! At last I was looking forward to the holiday of national day. I can always relax and relax. My parents and I had an early appointment to travel by train during the national day. On this day, I got up early, and when everything was ready, my family set out. When we arrived at the square in front of the train station, it was already a sea of people, and we were crowding the railway station with the endless stream of people.

Into the waiting hall, here is a racket, crowded, we managed to find a space to sit down, I drink slobber, rest for a while, restless eyes began to look around. Not far away, a pair of silver - haired old couple helped each other, slowly sitting on their seats and talking in a small voice. On the other side, a few middle school students were laughing loudly. A tour guide, holding a small flag, is talking to the tourists of the tour group... "Why?" Suddenly, a sound of childish sound attracted me, I looked back, a chubby little girl sat on her mothers lap, "why together and we cant go out and play dad?" The little girl innocent eyes full of doubts, long eyelashes glitter, mother lovingly stroked the girls head, said softly: "your father is a traffic policeman, in order to ensure the safe travel, to the holidays will be more busy, can not go out to play with us." The little girl Sidongfeidong nodded, nestled in her mothers arms. I listened quietly, eyes unconsciously fall in the busy distance from time to time flashed, cleaners are carefully clean the ground, wiping tables and chairs, the policeman is patrols, warily watching the situation around the station staff smiling, patiently answer questions of passengers. It is their hard work that makes our trip safer and more convenient.

This picture, I have been deeply remember in the heart, when we celebrate the holiday with my family, we have to wonder whether this happy, how many people need to work to pay, and the family when we have a joyous gathering, to wonder whether and how many people still insist on work, not and your family reunion? These honorable men, let me say, "thank you!"

太好了，太好了！我终于盼来了国庆节长假，总算可以放松放松了，我和爸爸妈妈早就约好了国庆节期间坐火车去外地旅游。到了这一天，我早早地起了床，一切准备就绪后，我们全家出发了。到达火车站前广场时，那里早已是人山人海，我们随着川流不息的人群挤进了火车站。

走进候车大厅，这里更是人声鼎沸，热闹非凡，我们好不容易才找到空位坐了下来，我喝了口水，休息了一会儿，眼睛开始不安分地四处打量起来。不远处，一对满头银发的老夫妻互相搀扶着，慢慢地坐到座位上，小声地交谈着。另一边，几名中学生在大声地说笑着。一位导游举着小旗子，正在向旅行团的游客们说着什么……。“为什么？”突然，一声稚嫩的童音吸引了我，我回头一看，一个胖乎乎的小女孩儿坐在妈妈腿上，“为什么爸爸不能和我们一起出去玩而呢？”小女孩儿天真无邪的大眼睛充满了疑惑，长长的睫毛忽闪着，妈妈爱怜地抚摸着小女孩儿的头，轻声说道：“你爸爸是一名交通警察，为了保证大家的出行安全，到了节假日会更加忙碌，就不能陪咱们出去玩儿了。”小女孩儿似懂非懂地点点头，依偎在妈妈的怀里。我静静地听着，目光不觉落在了远处不时闪现的忙碌的身影上，清洁工人正在仔细认真地打扫地面，擦拭桌椅，警察叔叔正在四处巡逻，警惕地注视着四周的情况，车站服务人员面带微笑，耐心地解答着旅客的疑问。正是他们的辛勤工作，使我们的出行更加安全、便捷。

这一幅幅画面，都被我深深地牢记在心中，当我们和家人一起欢度国庆假期时，是否想过，我们拥有的这份快乐，需要多少人为之工作，为之付出，当我们和家人欢聚一堂时，是否想过，又有多少人还要坚持工作，不能和家人团圆呢？这些可敬的人啊，让我真诚地说一声：“谢谢您们！”

As is known to all, China is popular for its emperor of bicycles. This is

because our country is still a developing country and few people can afford

private cars. The demand for a means of transport is met by making millions of

bicycles available. Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving a car.

First, it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle. In contrast, sitting in the

car, one tends to gain weight. Besides, it is nmch more economical to ride a

bike than drive a car. On the one hand,the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is

the annual tax. However, the annual fees for a car are costly. On the other

hand, a bike neednt be equipped with a parking lot, but a car must. Most

important of all, it is beneficial to the environment to ride a bicycle because

the bike doesnt consume petrol; it is a pollution-free transport. In contrast,

the exhaust released by the car is harmful to the environment. Since China is a

developing country with a large population, bicycles will still be the most

popular means of transport in China for quite a long time. Most people will

still ride bicycles to go to work or to school. The emperor country of bicycles

will remain for at least dozens of years.

I am already 18 years old,but the memory of my childhood is still like an unforgettable sweet dream.

One day,all my family went to climb a mountain.There father told my elder sister and me that the first one to get to the top of the mountain would be given a toy.Hearing this,we began to run up.At first I kept ahead,but a few minutes later my sister was ahead of me.However,I didnt give up.That toy attracted me to run forward,In the end I reached the top first.

On the top we enjoyed the beautiful scenery and had a picnic.At dusk,we went down the mountain happily.I was the happiest one,because I not only got a toy train but also knew that one shouldnt give up readily.

俗话说“千里之行始于足下”。英语书面表达能力的形成不是一日之功，必须从平时的课堂学习一点一滴抓起，持之以恒。

一篇优秀的英语作文在内容和语言两方面应是一个统一体，任何一方面的欠缺都会直接影响到作文的质量。然而，很多考生在写作中或者由于粗心大意，或者由于基本功不扎实而经常出现名词不变复数、第三人称单数不加s，前后不一致，以及时态语态、句子完整性等方面的错误。

1. 审题不清

如2004年中考作文要求写一项最喜欢的课外活动，有些考生将作文的主题定位为“我最喜欢的活动”，偏离了“一项、课外活动”这一主题。依据作文的评分原则，若文章内容不切题，则不管语言如何规范、用词如何准确，都会被判为零分。

2.拼写错误

拼写是考生应该具备的最起码的基本功，但在考生的作文中却经常能发现很多拼写错误。有拼写错误的作文肯定会被酌情扣分，而且有大量拼写错误存在的作文不仅体现出语言基本功差，同时也直接影响内容的表达，通常会降低作文的档次。

3.名词单复数问题

误 my father and my mother is all teacher。

正 my father and my mother are both teachers。

[中考英语作文写作常见的三个错误

I am primary school now, this is my second year, in order to focus more on my study, I live in school now, I will go home on the weekend. Our school is under construction lately, the workers are doing their work in the daytime, the machines make out large noise, I can’t focus my mind on the study.

That’s not the worse situation, when I take a nap in the afternoon, the machines are still working, I can’t sleep. So when I wake up, my head is not well working, I want to sleep all the day.

The school should limit the time for the workers, they should stop working during the snap time for school. It will be reasonable for students.

我现在在上初中，这是我在学校的第二年，为了地集中精力学习，我现在住在学校，我会在周末回家。我们学校最近正在修建，工人在白天开工，机器发出很大的噪音，我不能集中精力学习。这不是最坏的情况，当我在中午休息的时候，机器仍然在运转，我无法入睡。所以当我起来的时候，我的头脑无法好好的思考，我整天想要睡觉。学校应该限制工人的时间，他们应该在午休时候停止工作。这对学生来说才是合理的。

[初中英语作文：嘈杂的声音

I began school at seven in accordance with the law in a remote village. Short of funds, the school had only a few classrooms, all poorly constructed.  to say, our teachers were few, too. As a pupil I preferred the playground to the classroom and often liked to play tricks on girls, as by hiding insects in their desk drawers. On one occasion, I even grimaced behind the back of our teacher, caing the whole class to break into laughter; however, instead of becoming angry, he merely asked why we were laughing and wondered whether there was anything wrong with him. On ather occasion, I punctured the tires of a  parked inside the school by ing something sharppointed, leaving the principal frightened and bewildered after he had ticed that. Such were the happy moments in my life at that school. The happiest moment, to me and to all of my schoolmates, however, was the one when the school was letting out at the last bell of the day and we were rhing home as if we would never be back. Once, on our way home, a bunch of naughty students found a crickets hole and exerted themselves to inject water into it with loud cheers. The girls were  less frantic than the boys when they were having a good time at such games as jump-rope, hopscotch and battledore and shuttlecock.

我校九年级学生，有80%完全不会写作文，即除了“My name is XXX.”“I will. do，” 一个正确的句子都写不出来，剩下的5%也在以下方面存在一些常见的错误：

1、没有理解英语的基本句子成分是“主语”+“谓语”

学生经常出现主语跟谓语不一致，包括句子的谓语用得不恰当，谓语用词跟主语不搭配，一个句子没有主语，或多个句子杂在一起。

比如：学生想说“我母亲总是不让我看电视”，写出来的是“my mother always not be allowed I watch TV.”根本就是直接从汉语逐字翻译成英文的。

出现这样的问题，显然是由于句子的基本结构没有弄清楚。看来在今后教学中还要继续强调，并配合造例句练习。

2、动词短语搭配不准确

比如：“I’m not allowed watch TV.”正确的短语“被允许做某事”应该是“be allowed to do…”。

3、丛句语序和连接词问题

很不理解，为什么强调了那么多次，学生在写作文时，丛句语序还会写错？后者连接词和引导词也老师出错。对于连接词，我在讲的时候也感觉到学生没有理解。我讲解的方法就是把课文里面的丛句拿出来分析其语序和联系词，然后再讲相关语法点，最后举例子让学生造句。语序问题，我还会在将来碰到一次强调一次，相信会有效果。但是联系词我就不知道该怎么让孩子听懂了。

比如：“I don’t know that what should I do”“Could you please tell me should I do?”正确的句子应该是“I don’t know what I should do.”“ Could you please tell me what I should do?”.

以上这些问题让我对如何增强学生作文表达能力有了一个不全面的思考。我觉得，提高学生作文能力必须从七年级入手（小学重点在听说，只需知道what 和 how,不需求甚解；到中学阶段就必须知道why了）。

4、句子使用的句型单一

例如；在一次模拟考试当中英语的考试题目就是如果我当选了班长我会怎么做，做哪些事情，九年级五班的英语课代表张雅就一直用一个句型来写“I will do”，虽然全文当中没有一个错误，但因为句型单一所以值得8分，因此在老师教课的过程中还要不断的给学生讲 作文序加以变换句型且需对语句加以润色。

针对以上问题我以后在讲课文和精读篇阅读理解试题时，要注意以下两点：

1、利用课文逐句帮助学生分析理解英文句子的基本结构，即“主语+谓语”；

2、要求学生把有用的动词短语、名词短语以及插入语记牢记清楚。

3、每单元的语言目标，一定要理解并记忆。

4、是学生学会句子的变换使用，有必要时做些句型转换练习。

When summer holiday comes, I always go back to my hometown and spend the

time with my grandparents. I like the life there, it is so simple and happy.

Living in the countryside, I feel the peace in my heart. It seems the days

become longer. In the morning, I hear the cock make out the sound, as if it is

singing, then I wake up. Sometimes I will go to the mountain and I can hear some

birds singing. I enjoy listening to these birds’ sound. I am so close to the

nature. I love everything that the nature brings. The green tree, the colorful

flower, the clean water even the fresh air. I find its beauty.

Chinese New Year starts with the new moon on the first day of the new year

and ends on the the full days later. In china,people regard Spring Festival as

the most important thing.People studied and worked throughout the year.No matter

how far and how busy, they must do their best to go back home.Thats a tradition

and now becoming a habit. During this time,transport is extremely busy.Although

the way is difficult,it cant reduce the urgent feeling of going home.I cant

describe this feeling,only the people that experienced it can

understand.Actually,on one hand,people miss their family,and they need to get

comfort in the family.On the other hand,getting together is a symbol of

blessedness and auspiciousness.People in other country dont have this

consciousness that going home is necessary.For example,American could celebrate

the Christmas in everywhere they like or with anybody.This diversity is

occasioned by different culture between two countries.

On Spring festivals eve,the whole family prepare the dinner.Of

course,dumplings is essential.In the

evening,family members always sit at the television and watch Spring

Festival Gala.At 0:00,people set off firecrackers and fireworks,at the same

time,children pay New Year,s call to old people.The old people give money to the

children as a lunar new year gift.Usually,people stay up late or all night.

On lunar New Years Day, the Chinese family eat vegetarian dumplings which

imply they will plain and neat in this year. People change their new

clothes,this stands for a new beginning.Next,people visit relatives with some

gifts.The second day is son-in-laws festival,the husband and married women

visit their side of the family.In a word,Chinese attach great importance to

Spring Festival.