初中英语说明文写作模板通用20篇

I am one year older than my cousin. Both of us are the only child in the family, so my cousin and I are very closed, we are just like the sisters. I like to share my secret with my cousin, because I don’t want to tell my parents.

My cousin is a good listener, when I feel not happy, I will tell her about my annoyance, then she will comfort me and make me feel better. When Friday comes, I will ask my cousin to sleep with me, we will talk about a lot of things.

I am so lucky that I have a cousin as my good friends.

我比我的表妹长大了一岁。我们都是家里的独生子女,所以我和我的表妹很亲近,我们就像姐妹一样。我喜欢和我的表妹分享我的秘密,因为我不想告诉父母。我的表妹是一个好的倾听者,当我感到不高兴时,我会告诉她我的烦恼,然后她会安慰我,让我感觉良好。周五时,我会叫我的表妹和我睡觉,我们会谈论很多事情。我很幸运,有一个表妹作为我的好朋友。

[初中英语作文：我的表妹

my father bought a computer as a birthday present for me last year. it becomes my best friend in my room. id like to play on the computer as soon as i get home. at weekends, i often play games on line with my friends.

ive made a lot of friends on the intenet. but my eyesight becomes poorer and poorer, and i am not able to finish my homework on time. its terrible that my father will remove the computer. from now on, i should pay more attention to my study.

The sun shines on us. It gives us light and heat. It makes everything grow. It gives the earth life.

The earth turns round itself. As it turns, we have day and night. It’s bright by day and dark by night.(英语作文)

The earth also travels round the sun in an orbit. As it travels, we have four seasons. It is hot in summer and cold in winter. the days are long in summer and short in winter. In spring it is warm and the days are getting longer. In autumn it is cool and the days are getting shorter.(中国)

I am a girl of ten, and I live in a small mountain village far from

Taiyuan. The only person that lives with me is my mother, because my father is

away for eight years, working in a city.

During the Spring Festival, my father came back home. He looked thin and

tired. He gave my mother two thousand yuan, and told her that he would work even

harder, earn more money, and then he could take us to the city He stayed at home

for only ten days.We are living a poor life now. But what I want most is not

money, but my father. I miss him very much!

请以 My Best Friend 为题，写一篇不少于60个单词的作文。 My Best Friend 我最好的朋友My best friend is one of my classmates. Her name is Mary. Every day, we go to school together and go back home toget

请以“My Best Friend为题，写一篇不少于60个单词的作文。

My Best Friend

我最好的朋友

My best friend is one of my classmates. Her name is Mary. Every day, we go to school together and go back home together. We often help each other and learn from each other in study.

我最好的朋友是我的一个同班同学，她的名字叫玛丽。我们每天一起上学，一起回家。我们经常互相帮助，并向对方学习。

We have the same hobby-collecting stamps. She has many nice stamps. She is very proud of them. Sometimes she gives some of them to me. I think she is a very good girl. We will be good friends forever.

我们有着相同的爱好——集邮。她有很多漂亮的邮票，并为此十分自豪。有时，她会把其中的一些邮票给我。我认为她是个非常好的女孩。我们会成为永远的朋友。

点评：这是一篇记人的叙述文。先交代了My Best Friend是谁，接着通过事例交代了为什么“我们是最好的朋友”。最后阐述了主题。

在国家教育部制定的《语文课程标准》中，写说明文是对中学生的要求。

说明文是用说明的表达方式来解说事物、阐明事理、给人以知识的文章。简单地说，说明文就是把你要写的对象介绍给读者，其标准就是介绍的是否清楚、明白、易懂。

在我们的日常生活中，说明与人的关系十分密切，你经常要向人们介绍事物或者某种道理。所以，说明并不是神秘的事情，在日常生活中人人都会。

对于写说明文来说，其题材领域十分宽广，大到宇宙小到一根铅笔都可以说明，都能写成说明文。比如，做饭、做菜、穿衣睡觉、治病防病、吃饭喝水，这些日常行为都可以写成说明文，再比如，春夏秋冬、风雨雷电、水、空气这些自然现象也可以写成说明文，钢笔、课桌、书籍、本子这些学习用品还可写说明文，城市、村庄、学校等等地点场所也可以写成说明文。与此同时，怎样写作文、怎样听课、怎样考虑这些做事情的道理也可以写成说明文，称为事理说明文。应该说，我正在写的这篇《说明文的特点及写作要求》就是一篇事理说明文。

说明文的特点在于说明、介绍。与记叙文不同，记叙文是记人叙事，所以说明文不以人物活动和故事情节为主，它是对事物的静态介绍。与议论文也不同，议论文是海阔天空地摆事实讲道理，有论点、论据、论证，而说明文中的事理说明文就是就此事的道理做静态介绍。

知识性、通俗性和条理性是说明文的三大特点。

知识性是说明文的本质特征。对一个事物缺乏知识，我们可以写成记叙文，但绝对写不成说明文。说明文正是要介绍该事物的知识，没有知识怎样说明呢。

通俗性也很重要，事物本身的结构、形态、历史及其科学知识是很复杂的。我们写说明文的目的就是要把这些复杂变简单，把深奥变通俗，所以写出来的文章，要使有点文化的人都能看懂，不要把明白人给绕糊涂了。

条理性是指说明文的行文结构。既包括整篇文章的结构，也包括一个段落的结构，还包括两句话之间的结构，都要有条理。要按部就班地去说明，有条有理地、清清楚楚地说出来。在结构上，说明文没有记叙文和议论文那么自由。

所以，在说明文的写作中，要普遍注意以下方面：一是要有该事物的知识，二是要抓住事物的特点进行说明，三是要科学地安排说明顺序，四是采用恰当的说明方法。

我爱运动的英语作文篇一

I love sports. I love all kind of sports.

I can’t stay inside the house for a long time.

When I have spare time, I will go out to play sports.

If it is convenient, anyone asks me to go out to play sports, I will say yes.

I often go hiking, running, swimming, play basketball, football, volleyball, table tennis and so on.

All of them are my favorite. And because of them, I have a good body.

我爱运动的英语作文篇二

I love sports and athletics. Sports and athletics are not just building our bodies but also refueling our spirits.

They give us energy to continue our work and studies as well as incentive and momentum to create.

They help us maintain a positive attitude towards life and stay competitive whenever facing any challenges.

Without sports and athletics, we should definitely be in a tedious world living a tedious life.

我爱运动的英语作文篇三

Taking exercise is good for our health. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

By taking exercise, we can relax our body and mind.

At the same time, we can harden our muscle and have a good figure.

If we dont take exercise for a long time, we may easily fall sick.

I enjoy several outdoor sports.

Swimming in the sea is my favorite.

Because there are too many people in a swimming pool and the water is always dirty, I prefer to swim in the sea.

Playing badminton is also fun.

I can always find a place in the park for playing badminton.

Besides, I enjoy jogging in the morning.

Sometimes, I jog with my parents in the park.

（二） 针对具体情况，选好写作角度

写说明文也是要求有的放矢的。写什么、怎样写，要从读者的实际情况考虑，使文章具有针对性，切合读者的知识水平、职业特点和年龄大小。往往读者对象不同，写的角度也不同。如阐述吸烟有害的说明文很多，有的是针对老年人的，有的是对妇女而言的，的有是对青少年而言的，角度不同，说明的内容则各有侧重。《青少年吸烟害处大》这篇文章从青少年是国家的未来和希望的高度介绍吸烟对青少年的危害，突出分析青少年的生理特征，说明青少年接触毒性物质比成年人吸收快、排除慢、毒害大的情况，指出“吸烟对青少年是绝对有害而无一利的”。这样说明目的清楚，针对性强。

写说明文选取什么角度要依实际情况而定。比如，介绍牛的知识，如果是为饲养者写的，要侧重介绍牛的生活习惯和特性;如果是为使用者写的，要侧重介绍牛的功能和力气;如果是为兽医写的，则主要介绍它的身体构造;如果是为食用者写的，可以主要介绍它的营养价值。当然，作为科普知识介绍，不妨全面一点为好。

Time spent at a university is a most worthwhile period in a young persons

life. This is a time when a student begins to form his or her ideas about life

in general. Attending classes and studying in the library keep a student busy

and provide him or her with access to valuable information， adding to his or her

knowledge base.

Campus life can also be rich and colorful. Most universities offer a

variety of extracurricular activities such as sports events， contests， and other

social gatherings， enabling the students to experience relief from study and

homework. Students often form lifelong friendships through the varied

experiences of university life.

During the time a student spends at university， he not only develops his

intellectual abilites，he also develops social skills as well as knowledge and

wisdom necessary for choosing a future career. By learning how to balance

intense study and recreation， a student will be well prepared for the challenges

of future responsibilities.

初中二年级英语作文：我最喜欢的节日（春节）

My Favourite Festival

There are many traditional festivals in China. My favourite festival is the Spring Festival. It is a very important festival for Chinese. Before the festival, people will go to visit their relatives and friends. They usually have a big dinner together and give best wishes to each other. Most children in China love this festival because they can play fireworks and lucky money from their parents and relatives.

Today I was sad because I was blamed. The day before yesterday, my father gave me a tast. He told me to finish math exercises and he would check today. I have to days to finish them. But I did not, because there was a football game yesterday. I was so tired, so I forgot them. Today, my father wanted to check my exercises. He found I did not finish, so he scolded me. He was angry and he do not let me play football anymore. I am afraid I cant play football anymore.

凝聚亲情，才会有幸福的家庭；

凝聚友谊，才会有温馨的集体；

凝聚爱心，才会有和谐的社会；

凝聚力量，才会有惊人的成就。

由此可见，凝聚力实在是太重要了，往大了说能就造一个和谐的社会，往小了说能造就一个幸福的家庭。

歌德曾经说过：“只要有了凝聚力，没有什么是人类所做不到的。”我认为的确如此。如果一个乐团的每一个人都没有凝聚力怎能创造出优美的乐章？怎能让观众们啧啧称赞？

就拿晨曦文学社的成员们来说，他们具有极强的凝聚力，一心只为了想让社团变得越来越棒。他们心往一处想，劲往一处使，怎能不成功？甚至他们的一个眼神，一个动作就足以让其他成员了解，这不正是凝聚的力量吗？

刚刚过去的军训会演，给我们上了非常重要的一课——团结。《团结就是力量》里面写道：“这力量是铁，这力量是钢，比铁还硬，比钢还强。”军训会演里每一套成功、整齐的动作都凝聚着每一个人的辛酸与坚强。我们不泄气、不放弃，48双眼睛仿佛凝聚着整个世界。

想当年因为刘邦重用人才，有了大臣们凝聚的智慧与力量而得以成功，相反的项羽逼退了所有的人才，于是凝聚力没有了，最后只好落荒而逃。从古至今，无数的例子告诉我们——凝聚才是最重要的。这就像在战场上奋勇的杀敌，带兵打败了是因为没有凝聚力，如果士兵们一心想着保家护国而不是想着个人的得失，那么我相信这支队伍一定是战无不胜的，这正如一个乐队，为何一个乐队把乐曲演奏得如此动听？那是因为他们的心凝聚到了一起。

同样是解一道数学题，一个人有可能不会，但多个人的智慧凝聚到一起，或许这道题就解决了。我国航天事业的蓬勃发展，不是光靠一个人的力量，这里面凝聚着多少人的汗水！是千千万万的科学家共同努力的成果，凝聚着科学家们智慧与力量的结晶。

在每一个成功事迹的背后，都凝聚着智慧。毛泽东说过：“一个好汉三个帮。”那我希望在我的血液里流动着一种力量，这种力量叫凝聚力。愿十三亿中国人的力量凝聚起来，为保卫国土而战。加油！

春华秋实，颗粒满仓。下面语文迷收集了秋天的英文句子，欢迎阅读。

1. 我认为秋天是一年中最美的季节。

I think autumn is the most beautiful season in a year.

2. 秋天时叶子变黄。

The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

3. 在秋天的晚上，我感到一丝凉意。

I feel a little cool in the autumnal night.

4. 秋天里树木都是光秃秃的。

The trees were naked during autumn.

5. 今天的天气已露出了一丝秋天的气息。

There is a breath of autumn in the air today.

6. 九月的天气确实像秋天了。

The weather in September was positively autumnal.

7. 我喜欢收集秋天赤褐色的叶子。

I like to collect russet autumn leaves.

8. 我们欣赏着秋天里新英格兰树林的瑰丽色彩。

We are enjoying the resplendent colors of the New England woods in the autumn.

9.夜半酒醒人不觉，满池荷叶动秋风

Wake up to drink ,people feel the middle of the night, moving wind over a lotus leaf pond

10.生命如此简单，如秋，如落叶。

Life is so si-mp-le, such as the autumn, such as fallen leaves.

11.秋中，有些感情便如落叶般凋零了，有些影子却挥之不去，只在网络虚缈中才有熟悉的名字。凋零就凋零吧，倦缩也好，成灰亦好，管它感情如一树红叶般怎样盛开，怎样凋零。我站在川流不息的时间里，谈笑风生，任凭满天的叶子飞舞，最终覆盖苍凉的生命。

In autumn, some emotions, such as fallen leaves as they decline, some have lingering shadow, only in the virtual network is indistinct in the familiar names. It withered on the decline,ashes are also good, regardleof the feelings of like how the leaves like a tree in full bloom and how to decline. I was standing on the flow of time, laughing, even if the sky flying leaves, eventually covering the lives of desolation.

12.那是一幅描绘秋天景色的油画。

That is an oil painting of a landscape in spring.

1

主语＋谓语(不及物动词)：S+V

It will rain tomorrow.

He often runs in the morning.

They cried.

Tom exercises every day.

2

主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语：S+V+O

I miss my mother very much.

She wants to go home now.

The English club is going to hold an English party.

They all love her.

3

主语＋系动词＋表语：S+V+P

The music sounds wonderful.

The leaves have turned red.

She is a student.

We keep silent about that.

4

主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语（人）＋直接宾语（物）：S+V+IO+DO

The teacher gave a book to him.=The teacher gave him a book.

They told me an interesting story.

The waitress offered me a bottle of wine.

My father will buy me a bike.=My father will buy a bike for me.

Miss Smith teaches us English.

5

主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语：                                      S+V+O+C

They call me Xiao Wang.

I saw him swimming in the river.

We elected him monitor of the class.

Today was Sunday and I was very happy!In the morning,I stayed at home to do my homework and watch TV.In the afternoon,I went to a park with my best friends.There were many flowers, and some birds were singing songs.We played games and talked about our dreams.At last,we went home for dinner.Today, I had a great time!

一、纵观近年各地中考英语写作题，题材一般是写人、写事、写物、写景、日记、书信、通知、便条等文体。一般来说，不同的写作题材，它的人物，时间，写作的重点也是不尽相同的。下面结合一些常见的题型介绍一下写作的注意事项以及写作技巧。

1、以图表提供情景的作文要以“读”为主，首先要读懂图表中的数据、时间、编码、序号以及相互间的变化关系，对所给的信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括、去粗取精；在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性，尤其是图表中的数据、时间等不得有误。

2、以图画提供情景的作文应以“看”为主，通过细心观察图中的人物、景物、文字、环境、数字等，弄清写作的意图，通过分析思考把握逻辑联系，找出主题并借助所给的文字，把图中的信息转化成文章，但要注意，文章不能停留在图画的浅表，而要表达出提供情景的意图和内涵。

3、以提纲提供情景的作文。这种形式本身的要点已经很明确，重点也很突出，只要把各个提纲加以发挥，注意遣词造句的灵活性和语法规则的正确性，就不会造成审题不清而偏离主题，但要注意，文章必须覆盖所提供的各个提纲的要点。

4、以书信格式提供情景的作文。首先要了解书信的格式，英文书信格式与中文有所不同，(1)、一般在信纸的右上角写上写信人的地址和日期，地址应按从小到大的顺序排列；(2)、左边顶格写上收信人的姓名；(3)、正文部分；(4)、祝愿的话；(5)、写信人签名。信的内容一定要按所给的要求写，不要漏写。

二、各地的评分标准略有差异，但是都包括以下几个方面：整体印象、语言表达、词数规定等几方面内容。我们在写作中要尽量避免扣分，争取有加分点。当然用英文写作不同于用母语那样得心应手，常常会受到生词、语法、惯用法的限制，只要同学们平时注意两种语言的异同性，抓住写作要点，也可妙笔生花。

1、为了保证文章层次分明、条理清楚，要把时间固定下来，如：记叙一件事要用过去时；写经常发生的事或对人物的描写，要用一般现在时。整个文章中的人称要一致，首尾呼应，不要随意改动，以免造成误解。

2、不要为了追求“一鸣惊人”而去找一些生冷的词汇，对这些一知半解的词你不会用，不知道如何搭配，结果可能适得其反，使文章显的生硬、不协调，甚至错误百出，所以要使用有把握的词，避免不必要的失分。比如说发生了一起意外事件，我们通常用“have an accident”来表示，不要错误的使用“have an incident”。

3、注意不同语言的表达习惯，也是写好英语作文的重要环节，如“我的理想是做一名歌手”，很多同学写成“My ambition is to do/make a singer，”“to do”表示“做”或者“干”，“to make”表示“制作”，而“做一名歌手”则表示“成为一名歌手”应该用“be/become a singer”；又如“看书、看报”应用“read a book/newspaper”，而不是“see a book/newspaper”。因此，平时应该注意不同语言的表达习惯，切忌望文生义或一味生搬硬套。

4、有些同学因怕出错而只写短句或简单句，写出的文章过于幼稚、空洞乏味。要使文章有血有肉就要把平时学的知识用进去，如：定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词和比较等句型，关键时用上一、二个，就能使文章不同凡响，更有文采，特别是对关联词的使用，如“so that”、“not…but”“not only。。。but also”等，会使你的文章逻辑结构紧密、层次鲜明、条理清楚，更能显示出你的英文功底，但要做到这些并非一日之功，要靠平时的不断训练和积累。

5、最简单的增分点就是认真的书写。工整漂亮的书写会给评卷老师留下美好的第一印象，在扣分时自然会“手下留情”，而且很多地区都在写作上有1分的书写分。只要平时多下点功夫，得到这一分并不难。

三、最后将中考写作的基本步骤和技巧归纳为以下几个环节：

1、细心审题细读题目中每一项提示或观察所给的每一幅画，明确文章的中心思想，弄清题意，确定写作体裁，掌握所要表达的要点做到心中有数，避免随心所欲，文不对题。

2、理顺要点在所给提示或图上标出要点，然后按事件先后的顺序或各要点之间的内在联系排序，分出层次。如果是看图作文，则要按图构思，这样做既可避免要点遗漏，又可使表达内容条理清楚。

3、构成框架将理顺的要点或每幅图画的含义加以连贯，构成写作的整体框架，进一步定人称、定时态语态、定顺序、定段落、定开头结尾。基本框架构成后，写作就有了把握。4、组织句子用自己最熟悉的短语或句型将理顺的要点逐句表达出来，多用简单句，用有把握的复合句。要扬长避短，避难就易。若遇到表达障碍，可换一种说法，将一句变成两、三句，只求达意。

5、串句成篇将写好的句子连贯地组织起来，注意上下句的逻辑关系，适当采用递进、让步、转折、因果等关联词语，使短文浑然一体，层次分明，过渡自然。6、检查修改文章草成后，默读1～2遍，检查修改，尤其要注意人称、大小写、拼写、习惯用语、格式有无错误，要点有无遗漏，文句有无语病，词数是否恰当，行文是否连贯。

假如你是英国学生PETER在北京学习，请按下文给你的朋友MARY写一封信谈一下北京和伦敦的异同相同点：北京和伦敦都是首都和重要城市，都拥有众多人口，都是国家经济 政治 文化中心，都拥有许多历史，文化古迹不同点：伦敦；汽车靠左行小学作文 ，很多人坐汽车上班 阴天多 懂汉语人少 学生不充分利用时间

北京：汽车靠右行很多人骑自行车上班 晴天多 懂英语人多 学生学习勤奋

Dear Mary,

I have been living in Beijing for some time now and I find it very interesting here.

There are so many similarities between Beijing and London. They are both the capital of the country and are both very important cities. Both places have huge populations. They are both the economical, political and cultural center. They both have many historical and cultrual

I also found many differences in the two cities. In London we drive on the left side of the road, while in Beijing they drive on the right side. Most people in London go to work via public transportation, here in Beijing most people rides bycicles. In London the weather is always cloudy, here in Beijing most the the time it s sunny. And in London most student don t spend their time efficiently, but here in Beijing many people speak English cause they study hard.

Regards,

Peter

I really had a busy and happy winter holiday. I did my homework and helped my parents with the housework every day. I like drawing so much that I spent lots of time drawing pictures and read books about drawing every day. I sometimes went to the library to read books and surfed the internet.During the Spring Festival, i visited my grandparents, friends and relatives. We really had a great time together. I prepared for the new lessons and read English,too. I really enjoyed my winter holiday.

我寒假过得很忙很快乐。我每天做作业并帮助父母做家务。我是如此喜欢画画以致于我每天花大量的时间画画和看绘画方面的书籍。我有时去图书馆看书和上网。春节期间我去拜访我的祖父母和亲朋好友。我们一起很愉快。我也准备新课程和读英语。我非常喜欢我的寒假。

My schoool life is busy and fantastic. First, we have four classes in the morning and three in the afternoon. We have to get to school before 7:30 because we have a morning class. Second, I like my school life because teachers and my classmates are friendly and helpful. We also have lots of after-school activies. Third, our school environment is very beautiful, the teachers all can make their lesson interesting and instructive. So I like my school life very much.

[校园生活英语作文初中

Kapok isthe city flower of Guangzhou. It is straight trunk. The kapok flower is red. it is very beautiful. It open in cold weather like a hero. The kapok flower can eat, and it is a medicine. I like kapok very much. Do you like it ?

一、单项选择题

(1)先易后难：一些考题的答案比较容易选定，可以先从这些考题入手。平时练习时，应以基础为主，主要精力不应放在偏题、怪题上。

(2)分析考查意图、运用相关知识：应学会分析出题者考查的意图，明确相关题的测试点是什么，然后运用所学知识，进行分析、判断，再进行选择。

(3)利用暗示进行选择：注意考题涉及的语境范围。平时应注重对习惯用语表达、惯用法和中英文化差别等方面知识的积累。

(4)运用排除法：可采取语言排除、逻辑排除、语法排除或选择排除等方法。先排除较容易、较明显的错误选项，缩小范围，而后对剩余的选项进行比较分析，最后确定答案。

二、完形填空题

1、搭配判断法。

根据对以往试题的分析，搭配型考题在完形填空题中占的比例最高。搭配型问题主要测试常见搭配的熟练程度，比如说哪些词要搭配不定式、动名词或某种从句，哪些词必须与某个介词搭配。我们在复习时要特别注意短语动词和介词的固定搭配。

2、结构判断法。

结构型问题主要包括句型、句式、连接词的选择等，解题时要运用句法知识，把握关键词，从而做出迅速正确的判断。完形填空题中有很多是利用语法的正确性与逻辑的排斥性间的矛盾来设计的。因此考生应结合上下文的合理性及意义关系的逻辑性选择最佳答案。完形填空中常考的逻辑关系主要有：

(1)转折、让步关系：这种关系表明后一种观点或事实与前一种观点或事实相比有些出乎意料。

常见的表示转折、让步的词或词组有：but，still，yet，however，though，although，no matter，in spite of，anyway，even if等。

(2)因果关系：

表示原因的连词或词组有：because (of )，due to，owing to，thanks to，since，for，as等。

表示结果的词或词组有：so，therefore，then，as a result，in consequence，consequently，thus等。

(3)递进、补充关系：这种关系表示对前一事实或观点做进一步阐述。

常用的词、词组有：moreover，likewise，besides，in addition，also，too，not only…but also，apart from，what‘s more 等。

(4)对比、比较关系：对比观点或事物间的差异性，比较观点或事物间的同一性。

表示对比的词或词组有：in contrast，by contrast，on the contrary，conversely，unlike，oppositely 等。表示比较的词或词组有：like，in comparison，compare…with，as，just as等。

3、词义判断法。

词汇型问题也是完形填空的一个考点，主要测试考生在段落语篇中把握语义连贯性的能力，提供选择的词可能是近义词、近形词也可能是随意拼凑的四个选项，遇到这类题，既要联系上下文，又要具有扎实的词汇基础，有时还须根据自己的文化背景知识做出判断、选择答案。

三、阅读理解

在做阅读理解题时，除了掌握前面介绍的基本题型、基本法则外，还要进行有意识的阅读训练。提高阅读能力的训练主要可以从下面几个方面入手：词汇、方法、侧重点。

1、词汇：猜词的技巧。

在阅读过程中，不可避免地会碰到不认识的单词，考试中又不允许查词典，有些不认识的单词对文章的理解影响不大，可以忽略。但有些不认识的单词则会影响阅读者对文章理解的正确性。在这种情况下，必需猜测词的含义，这就需要利用猜词的技巧了。

最基本的猜词技巧有两种：一是根据构词法的规则猜，构词法的规则在前面的章节中已有介绍，这里就不重复了;另一种猜词的技巧是根据上下文的描述、解释、列举、比较等，运用已有的知识，分析、推断该词的含义。常用的猜词技巧可归纳为以下几种：

(1)利用词根、词缀构词法推测词义。通过构词法推测词义是最常用的方法之一。

(2)分析文中对该词的直接定义推测词义。

作者在行文中有时不得不使用某些难词、偏词，为使读者理解，作者常常会在文章中直接解释该词语。作者或通过同位语，或使用定语从句加以阐明，或用冒号、破折号、括号给出，或用语篇标志词引出，这类语篇标志词有：that is (to say); e.g.;oor，in other words;to put it in another way等。如：

She is bilingual.In other words，she speaks English and French equally well.(bilingual：会说两种语言的)。

(3)分析文中对该词的近义复述推测词义。

同一短文中前后两个句子、短语或单词通常有互释作用，可以从上下文的复述中获取与某一单词或短语相关的信息以猜测词义。如：

It is difficult t

o list all of my fathe‘s attributes because he has so many different talents and abilities.(attribute：特质;才能)

(4)分析文中对该词的对比和并列表述推测词义。

利用上下文中的对比或并列表述猜测词义是最常用、最可靠的方法。有不少句子会在上下文中给出某个生词(尤其是偏词、难词)的同义词或反义词，运用对比或并列表达对这些生词加以推测。通过了解词与词之间的连接关系，特别是一些语篇标志词，如：however;on the other hand;nevertheless等，我们不难推断这些生词的词义。如：

If you agree，write “yes”;if you dissent，write “no”。(dissent：不同意）