初中英语说明文写作模板(热门20篇)

比你成绩差的人未必处处比你差，他们之中也有你学习的地方，你必须分清什么样的是造成他们不如你的原因，就不要学。而提炼出来他们身上的精华。你可以找一本笔记本，把自己所有的写作练习都写在上面，你可以时不时翻看前面的写作练习，看看自己比之前有了哪些进步，也可以反省一下自己是否在同一个失误上跌倒多次。当然，如果你更喜欢用电脑打字的话，你可以把写作练习传到博客或者，尤其是后者，可以帮助你利用网站日历跟踪写作进度。上海初二学生找好的作文补习班|好的初中作文家教推荐思：指有的时候要想，做到低头看书，抬头思考，手在写题，脑在思考。做：在看的过程中，需要动手做的准备工作以及对课本后的练习题要进行尝试性的做一做。问答题答一答。

以上是关于学习方法的一般性的建议，它们对于各门功课都是适用的。但是，具体到不同的人、不同的课程，还应该结合实际情况摸索适宜的学习方法。比如，应该根据同的学科选择合适的学习方法。文科、理科的学习方法会不一样；同是文科，英语和历史、地理的学习方法也应该有所差异。上海初二学生找好的作文补习班|好的初中作文家教推荐亲自推导公式数学课程中有大量的公式，有的课本上有推导过程；有的课本上没有推导过程，只是把公式的-初形式写出来，然后说一句，“经推导可得”，就把结果式子写出来了。搞好了务学与求道的关系，是使自己永远更新知识，丰富自己的头脑的必要条件，也是不断保持-新、-适用于自己的学习方法的要点。坚持思考与学习同步发展代表着先进的学习方法的发展要求，代表着先进学习理论的前进方向，代表了掌握-广大知识的能力水平。务学与求道必须协调发展，二者要同步实施，同步发展。我建议高中同学们买一本牛津字典或朗文字典。一是查阅不懂的词，不光是看音标、注释，还要看例子；二是看英文注释，用英语解释英语，要比用汉语解释得更明确。如果你拿不准over和above的区别，看一下英文注释就很明白了，不信去试一下。有些学生虽能预习，但看起书来似走马观花，不动脑、不分析。这种预习一点也达不到效果。 发现自己知识上的薄弱环节，在上课前补上这部分的知识，不使它成为听课时的“拌脚石”。

英语字母教学作为英语学习的基础，是小学英语教学中重要一环，这一阶段的教学，教师应给予足够的重视，通过各种教学组织形式使这一阶段的学习得以很好的落实。学好26个字母对以后单词的学习起着至关重要的作用。因此，在学习字母阶段，我们要利用一切可利用的资源，创设情境，让学生和字母交朋友、做游戏。

一、字母读音教学

1. 注重示范发音的正确性

字母发音直接影响着学生单词的发音，而且学生错误的发音一旦形成就很难再纠正。因此教师在教学字母之前一定要多听录音，纠正好自己的发音。在课堂教学中教师要让学生听磁带跟读，观察他们的口形，并鼓励模仿得好的学生示范领读，帮助其他同学纠正发音。

2. 把握学生的发音难点

受各地方方言的影响，学生对字母的发音往往会出错。比如：南方人容易把A读成/e/。因此，教师要把握好学生方言发音难点，预先采取各种教学方法防止错误发音的出现。

3. 强化个别字母教学

尽管许多学生对字母有了一定程度的掌握，但大多数学生都没有进行过系统的字母学习，中间难免存在着许多似是而非的现象。例如学生对GgJj两个字母的读音容易混淆，对Uu和Ii这两个字母的发音不到位。教师在教学中应针对这种情况加强这几个字母的训练。

4. 注重读音归类教学

把字母按读音进行分类是字母读音教学的一个重要任务，也是学生觉得有一定难度的一项内容。为了使学生能更好得掌握，教师可采用分家游戏的方法，按家族将26个字母进行分类记忆。首先将字母划分为七个家族，再对号入座，最终编成一首音素家族chant 帮助学生记忆：

A、H、J、K 是A 家族，A，A是族长。

E的家族有八位，BCDE，GPTV，E，E是族长。

/e/ 的家族没有族长，它的成员有七位，FLMN，SX 和Z。

U 的家族有三位，UQW，U，U是族长。

I 的家族有两位，IY，I，I是族长。(手势指着自己)

R 和O单独住，它们自己是族长。

5. 注重语音暗线的铺垫

在三年级下册学生用书中，字母读音和字母例词的安排是一条语音暗线，教师教学时要努力让学生掌握字母的正确读音，并初步感知字母在例词中的读音，为以后学习语音奠定基础。比如讲到字母Ee时，例词是egg，elepghant，教师可突出字母E的发音。英语有48个国际音标，如果学生能在学习 26个字母的同时掌握与此相关的26个音素，将会为以后的语音学习打好基础。

二、字母书写教学

字母的书写过程要一步步进行：先观察性状，再观察笔顺、占格情况，然后书空，使用活动手册进行描红，最后达到仿写。

1. 字母认读的教学

字母的书写首先要求学生能正确区分一些形近的字母。有些字母可以通过猜谜的方法让学生记住它们的形状特点。例如：弯弯的月牙(C)、一条小蛇 (S)、三叉路口(T)、1加3(B)、一座宝塔(A)、胜利的象征(V)、大号鱼钩(J)、一张弓(D)、一扇小门(n)、一棵小苗(r)、一把椅子 (h)。这些谜语既能让学生记住字母的形，又能激发学生的学习兴趣。同时，还可以让学生自编谜语学习字母，充分发挥学生的想象能力。另外，还可以将字母的一部份遮住，让学生根据漏出来部分来猜字母。

2. 字母书写的教学

字母的书写是小学生的一个薄弱环节。小学的英语书写一定要求学生做到严格遵照书写规范，教师绝对不能马虎。因为英语字母有印刷体和书写体之分，所以容易使学生在书写时发生混淆，教师在教学时应多在这方面进行强调。

(1)笔顺教学

教师要充分利用多媒体设施让学生仔细观察字母的笔画和笔顺。正确的笔顺在活动手册的描红练习中有正确的示范。但有时学生会受到汉语拼音笔顺的影响，错误书写字母，因此教师要对容易出错的笔顺进行比较细致的指导。如i和j都是后加点，t先写钩，H先两竖等。建议教师不妨采用汉语拼音的教法，使用一些形象的比喻，帮助学生理解记忆书写规则，防止笔画出错。比如：H是一双筷子拴根线，j是海豹顶皮球，i是小海狮头上顶个球，t是伞把带开关等。

(2)格式教学

字母的占格同样是字母书写教学中的一个教学难点，尤其是当字母的大小写混在一起的时候，学生很容易混淆。这样，教师要先清楚示范，提醒学生注意并总结字母占格的规律。同时，教师还可以借助儿歌帮助学生掌握字母的占格规律。如：英语书写，四线三格，大写字母一二格，上不顶线是原则;小写字母认准格，上面有 ‘辫’一二格，下面有‘尾’二三格，无‘辫’无‘尾’中间格;i，t中上一格半。在学生掌握了字母的占格规律后，还要通过活动手册上的描红来加强练习。这里要注意的是，到一定阶段的时候，教师要让学生能在没有四线格的一条线上，甚至是没有任何线的白纸上也能正确地表示出字母的书写格式。

三、操练

字母操练我们还可以采用游戏的形式。

1. What’s missing?游戏

学了几个字母以后，把字母卡片放在一起让学生认读，然后抽去其中的一张，让学生寻找：What’s missing?此时，学生注意力高度集中，急于表现自己，识记的效果就会很好。

2. 左邻右舍游戏

学生准备好已经学过的字母卡片，教师出示一个字母，让学生找出它的左邻右舍，请找到的几个学生快速把字母拿到讲台上站在相应的位置上，其余的学生一起认读这几个字母。

3. Make letters游戏

让学生用肢体动作表示不同的字母，或让学生用火柴棒拼出不同字母的形状。

Wonderful life in winter holiday

From the sixteenth of January to the seventh of February is our Winter Holiday. I think everybody did a lot of things in the Winter Holiday. But I didn’t. Let you to listen to my story of Winter Holiday.

I spend a lot of time on the homework.. Every day in my Winter Holiday, I always got up late. then I listened to the tape, it was nine o’clock. then I ate breakfast and then I did my homework during the daytime! I’m not very slow but the homework was too heavy!

I’m unlucky on the playing too. I played firecracker but I hurt my finger with the fire. I ‘m careless to kindle the firecracker, so I’m very unlucky.

I still unlucky on my friend’s party. In the morning, I wanted to get up early but I woke up at 10:50. After ten minutes, the party would start! So I only eat a piece of bread then I go to my friend’s home! And I stay at his home for a long time when I came home. My mother and father were very angry and they scolded me!

I’m worried and feel unlucky on my weigh. Last term, I was 48 kilogram but now I am 51 kilogram! I must to do banting!

But most important, I have gone to Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, I want to go there very much because I want to see the horse, the monkey……in the sea. Now I’ve done it . It is a bright dot in my Winter Holiday.

[初中英语作文：winter holiday（寒假）

Do you know what a snowman is? Let us a make!

First, we make a big ball of snow. Then we make another is smaller than the first snowball.

Now we make another very small snowball. We put it on top. Let us make a face on the snowman. Carrot is his nose. Some little

rockets for his mouth and eyes. Two sticks for his arms.This hat are on the top for his hat.

Ok!The snowman is wonderful.

你知道雪人是什么吗？我们来做一个吧！

首先，我们做一个大雪球。然后我们做一个比第一个小点的雪球。

现在我们做另一个小点的雪球。我们把它放在上边。让我们来制作雪人的脸吧。胡萝卜是他的鼻子。一些小的身故体验深谷他的嘴巴和眼睛。两个树枝是他的胳膊。这个帽子放在上边作为他的帽子。

“看起来是绿色，吃进去是红色，吐出来是黑色。”你知道它是什么吗?让我来告诉你吧!它就是人见人爱的小西瓜。

西瓜对绿有独衷，所以它总是披着一件绿色的外衣，那纵横交错的墨绿色的花纹，像是一位了不起的丹青能手绘上去的，美丽极了。

西瓜圆圆的，像一个足球，但你千万不要踢它，否则它就会皮开肉绽，粉身碎骨的。买来一个西瓜，用手指弹一弹，如果发出“砰砰”的响声，就知道西瓜已经熟了切开西瓜，那丰满的果肉足以让你垂涎三尺，轻轻咬上一口，你的嘴唇上，舌头上同时染满了鲜红的汁水，那甜甜的滋味，沁人心脾，叫人越吃越想吃。有时候，我不知不觉的就吃多了，妈妈指着我圆圆的肚子说：“哎呀，西瓜跑进你的肚子里去了!”

你可别小看了这小小的西瓜，它的作用可多了。夏天，西瓜可以解暑，吃完西瓜，你千万不要将它的皮扔了，它还是餐桌上的一碗好菜呢!每次吃完西瓜，妈妈总是将残留的薄薄一层红瓤去，然后将它切成丝，将其盛在碟内，撒上细糖，放在冰箱里冰上三到五分钟，看上去，就像一块块晶莹的翡翠。那小小的黑色瓜籽，你也不要忽视了它，把它洗干净，在阳光下晒干了炒着吃，那个滋味呀，香喷喷，好吃看得见!

这皮薄如纸，汁多如泉，味甜如蜜的西瓜呀，真是人见人爱!

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

My room is not very big,but it is very comfortable.There is a picture on the wall.My computer is on the desk.There are lots of beautiful clothes in my wardrobe.On the left of my room,there is a piano and a guitar.The floor is brown.This is my room.

Miss Li is my English teacher. The first day I met her, I liked her,

because she looked so young and nice. Miss Li liked to write some inspiring

words in our homework. So everytime when I handed in my paper, I was so looking

forward to getting Miss Li’s response. I remembered one time, I did not do well

in an English test. Miss Li wrote the words to me and she believed me I could

make great progress next time. I was so moved, so when I had annoyance, I would

like to talk to her. Miss Li is my guide. She can give me suggestion and lead me

to the right direction.

As the new year is coming, many families plan to go the zoo and have fun together. But recently, a tragedy happened in the zoo, a man was bitten by a tiger. The public scared, then later the truth came out that the men tried to skip buying ticket and he went across the limited line. The animal has their nature. Once they are under threat, they will do the horrible thing. If the visitors behave themselves well and do as the tips, then the tragedy won’t happen. But still a lot of people scream and try to throw away the food to the animals, which do harm to the animals. It is everybody’s duty to protect animals.

随着新年的来临，许多家庭计划一起去动物园玩。而最近，动物园里发生了一场悲剧，有人被老虎咬伤。大家都害怕起来，结果真相是那个人试图逃票，还越过禁止线。动物都有自己的本能，一旦受到威胁，他们就会做可怕的事情。如果游客遵从提示、约束自我，那么悲剧就不会发生。但是仍然很多人会大喊大叫，试图扔食物给动物吃，这对动物是有害的。保护动物是每个人的责任。

教案内容：写自己最熟悉、最动情的东西

【教学目标】

1.让学生学习根据表达思想感情的需要选择材料。

2.训练学生如何将纷繁复杂的材料写成一篇生动的记叙文。

【教学重点】让学生了解写作时要注意客观材料的选择，应选择自己最熟悉的人、事、物、景，主观感情的抒发应是自己的真情流露。

【教学难点】启发学生拓展思路选择材料，布局谋篇生动的记叙文的写作。

【教学方法】师生互动学习法。

【教学安排】

1.激趣导入。

2.写自己最熟悉的：教师先举例子，然后让学生模仿，列举自己最熟悉的事物。

3.写最动情的东西：让学生列举自己最动情的事。

4.教师引导、学生讨论并布局谋篇。

5、学生自主确定写作的标题 ，完成写作任务。

【课时安排】 1课时 本文由一起去留学编辑整理，转载自一起去留学www.oh100.com转载请保留出处。

【教学程序】

一.激趣导入，调动情感，活跃氛围。

同学们：从蒲中走到长江初中，在这接近一年的教学旅程中，我作为一名普通的支边教师，的感触就是长江初中的老师待人热情、友好，为人大度、豁达;长江初中的学生好学、守纪，具有超人的智慧和非凡的能力，但我也留下了一个永远无法弥补的遗憾，那就是我不能常住长江，欣赏校园内一道亮丽的风景，那就是长江初中一大群天仙般美丽的女教师。如果大家有一双发现美的眼睛，那么同学们可以毫不含糊的说：美就在我们同学的身边。那就是与同学们朝夕相伴的班主任——左艳霞老师。讲到这里，我有必要顺便的作一点解释，我今天上课的内容没有来得及与左老师商量，但我相信左老师可以理解，因为有一首歌曲的名字是“爱你没商量”，我盗用一下，改为“喜欢作文没商量”，请同学们大声的说一遍：

“喜欢作文没商量!”

今天的作文指导课，请左老师容许同学们把你作为模特成为大家写作的素材。同学们好不好?

生齐答：好!

随即板书课题：写自己熟悉的东西

二、习作指导

( 一)(重点的突破)

1.教师引导学生回忆课文，明确作文要写自己熟悉的东西。

我们学习了鲁迅先生的散文《从百草园到三味书屋》，文章真实地再现了鲁迅先生儿时的乐园--百草园，使我们获得了美好、愉悦的审美感受。鲁迅先生是怎样描绘这个儿时乐园的呢?

(学生回答后教师补充：那里有碧绿的菜畦，光滑的石井栏，高大的皂荚树，紫红的桑葚，鸣蝉长吟，肥胖的黄蜂，轻捷的叫天子，油蛉、蟋蟀、蜈蚣、斑蝥、何首乌、木莲藤、覆盆子……)

教师问：如此细致的描写是建立在什么基础上的呢?

学生答：鲁迅先生熟悉那里的生活，百草园中的一草一木，都是那样亲切与熟悉，所以写起来充满了无尽的童趣。

面对我们大家再熟悉的班主任老师，大家的第一感觉或者说是第六感觉是什么?

学生回答：美丽。(教师随即板书：外表美丽)

那么请一位同学描述一下，左老师是怎样的美丽?

学生回答，老师补充：我最欣赏的是老师脸上灿烂的笑容和非凡的气质。请同学们看我的描述：

每逢高兴的时候，左老师的脸上露出的笑容就像她的名字一样有如骤雨初歇时的朝阳，艳丽无比，灿烂极了!她的气质是如此的摄人心魄，犹如天际边飘忽的一抹淡淡的云裳。

师述：左老师的美丽令许多女同胞嫉妒这是情理之中的事，可是她还让我们这些同科的男同事的嫉妒，同学们能够猜到其中的一二吗?那就是她任教的八(转载自百分网http://www.oh100.com，请保留此标记6)班的语文成绩第一名非她莫属，从来不谦虚的让我们尝试一下第一名的滋味。同学们说说这其中的缘由何在呢?

学生回答：工作负责，同学们喜欢她的语文课。

教师随即板书：内在美

师问：请一位同学起来讲述一件老师工作负责的事实。

生答：老师家住学校外，但她总是第一个出现在教室，婆家在汉川，从不请假耽搁我们的一节课，作业批改认真——

师述：上面大家列举了左老师的很多值得写作的优点，但我想来想去，还觉得不够舒服，同学们光说老师的好处，但我觉得不尽然吧，比如前几天我在办公室碰见一个同学站在墙角处，在悄悄的流泪呢?这位同学能够站起来叙述一下事情的经过吗?

生述，老师引导同学们分析材料的价值，随即板书：(严厉，耐心)

2.教师举例，让学生明确作文要写自己最动情的东西。

师述：有了上面的材料，那么同学们如何将这些材料生动的表达出来呢?老师想将自己的写作体验毫无保留的告诉同学们。

教师朗读作文，学生思考：文章为什么写的这么生动?

我曾经在20年前，写过这样一篇文章，题目是《开花的课桌》，文章是这样写的：

有一天，我看到学生的课桌上插了一枝迎春，枝条上是繁密的金色小花，如一串耀目的阳光。教室里被映上了一层淡淡的暖意。以后，打碗花、紫地盯映山红、葛花……学生的课桌上花事纷繁起来，演示着春天的进程。孩子们穿过乡间的羊肠小道来学校，路上只要一弯腰便能采一把花在手里。这些乡里孩子，有的还穿着露趾的鞋，穿着哥哥姐姐肥大的旧衣裤，他们无忧无虑地吹着麦笛，摇着手里的野花，沿着弯弯的小路跑着跳着，到了学校，便把花插在课桌上。有的孩子，还用细线把小花枝绑在铅笔上，看上去，他象是捏着花枝在写作业。花枝轻抚小脸，让人想不清，是花枝染红了小脸，还是小脸染红了花枝。

第一节是语文课，我迎着学生的歌声走进教室，看见我放教科书的讲桌上，也插了几朵野花，循着缝隙，"长"满了青草、绿叶、小花。那课桌仿佛是从春天剪下的方方正正的一块芳草地。我打开教科书，书页里也夹着一朵指甲般大小的紫色花。我笑了，学生们也喜形于色。我没有说什么，便开始讲课，其实不必说什么，那一笑，已使师生的心沟通了。这一节课上的格外好，学生始终情绪高昂。下课后，我拿着一枝淡紫色花朵的葛条，嗅了嗅，说："真是春天了，连咱们的课桌也都开花了!"学生大笑，欢呼起来。这时一个调皮的男孩指着一个女孩子说："老师，她也开花了!"我一看，可不，她的小辫梢上，插了一枝粉红的野花。学生们又是一阵击掌大笑。

在这开花的课桌间跺步，听着孩子们清朗的笑声，我觉得，这教室该是春天的源头了。春天是从孩子的身上产生，先染了他们的课桌，再染了我的讲桌，然后漫出窗子，染了山川、原野。和孩子们在一起，就是和春天在一起。我想起了一位诗人的诗句："孩子是春天的另一种姿势。"

身临授知求知的方舟(教室)，面对朝气蓬勃的孩子，目睹课桌、讲桌上的野花，激-情难抑，遂下笔成文。身为教师的我，在想象的天空中翱翔，汇自然世态、人情于一室，集采花、插花、爱花于一桌。于是文思喷涌，左右逢源，运笔随着激-情驱动的喜悦感挥洒自如，下笔有神。文章以"孩子是春天的另一种姿势"为纲来驾驭激-情和所感，使之在教室里、在课桌上、在讲桌上、在孩子们的心灵上，表现出另一种更浓更深更有意义的春天美景，使感受美升华为思想美。为什么我写的如此的好呢?(那是因为我写作的内容是我最动情的东西。)

教师点拨，学生回答后明确：写自己最动情的东西。

1.Cats

Cats are very cute animals,they are very special as well.

It has pointy ears,round eyes,little claws,and short but soft fur.Cats like eating fish and mice.They like to keep themselves clean,they do that by licking their fur.Also they are nocturnal animals,they sleep in the daytime and do most of their movements at night.

We should love cat,because cats are our friends,too.

2.I love cats,they are very intelligent.They have a lot of colors,I like most is black cat,black cat s eyes are yellow,and the cats eye at night will flash.The cat is very clever,can climb trees,most cats are caught rats.They are not easy to get sick,is adapted to survive in the wild,so there are so many stray cats.They are very poor,we should help them.

3.I used to have a Persian cat at my house. It is long curly hair, green eyes or a blue one! The lovely little nose is always smelling, and still a pure breed! Dont mention how cute it is! He is one of my favorite Persian cats - gigi.

Kikis temper is very small, generally very mild. For example, I came home from school every day, the first is to write the homework, Kiki would not bother me, squatting on the side of his curly hair comb. So after I had finished my homework, I will play and Kiki lying on my legs, I always playing with him not to mind taking the trouble.

Gigi is never choosy about food. Sometimes, Ill eat the rest of his give it to eat, will not care about it. Although it is not delicious, but it is very delicious but pretend to like, eating with relish; sometimes, I will go to buy cat food to eat it, Kiki happy tail swaying, as if to say: "little master! Little master, good!" Im glad to see it.

How cute look after writing, you must love it! Ill introduce you some other time. Ill give you an open view!

4.I like a lot of animals, but my favorite animal is my cat.

This is a cat, the eyelash is very large, the eye is particularly large, a brown hair, a long beard is about.

Its character is very gentle, remember the very first time that I touch it, it meow to cry, I was shocked, however, it is not for me to attack, then I feel it a few times, it is a strength with his hair rub I kept licking my hands or face.

It and my relationship is very close, I remember when I was in school, the first Chinese lesson, the teacher asked me to say, so I call a sound, suddenly a cat ran in front of me, I know this is my kitten immediately. Originally, this kitten has been following me, I can not take care of the teacher and the schoolmate is how to look at me, hurriedly takes the kitten to hug in the bosom, kisses it, the teacher, schoolmates sight not only is envies, also has the curiosity.

This is my favorite little animal. Oh, I forgot to tell you. I gave it a name - Emerald green.

Tracy, I like you. Youre always a part of my life!

5.My cat I love animals, especially cats.

I raise a kitten, I called her Mimi, she was very cute. She has a little black nose, her mouth is very small, very short legs. Every time I got home, she always shaking her tail, I went to the fractious arms. When she feels hungry when she was a very loud call to our attention.

I love my Mimi

Love is everything. Love is the most brilliant thing in the world. Because

of love, our world turns out to be a sunny place.

We couldnt go without love. For instance, love can help us communicate

with each other very well, love can help us overcome all the difficulties, love

can help us get rid of our unhappiness, love can turn our enemies into our

friends, and our destinies can also be changed by love.

Whats more, love is a bowl of rice for a hungry beggar, love is an

overcoat for a tramp in winter days, love is an umbrella for us in raining days,

love is a stick for the old, love is the best medicine for the sick, love is the

sunlight for the blind, and love is the gospel for the deaf. Without love, our

world is meaningless.

However, love isnt a bunch of flowers or a nice present. Love is a thread

in our coat. Love is inside, making our life warm and comfortable.

Transportation has been greatly changed in the past few years. In ancient

days, people used to travel by horse or carriage. The journey was often tiring

and tedious. Then people had buses, trains and ships, which could shorten the

time of the long-distance trip. Now we have not only more private cars, but also

planes and high-speed rails. All of these modern transports could offer us a

quick and pleasant travel. Thus, more and more people enjoy traveling very much

these days. In conclusion, modern transportation has completely changed our

life. Thanks to modern transportation, our world is becoming smaller and

smaller.

星期天(Sunday)

Today is Sunday, I and father and mother, the grandfather grandmother, grandfather paternal grandmother arrives the park to play together.

In the park person may really many!

We bid good-bye among the park.I go to the ice skating, the daddy and mother ride the skiff to swim the park, the grandfather grandmother and grandfather paternal grandmother go to the square to sing the Guangdong tune, to play the primal chaos separately, dance and take a walk.

Today, is most joyful one day! I love Sunday!

星期天

今天是星期天，我和爸爸妈妈、外公外婆、爷爷奶奶一起到公园去玩。

公园里的人可真多啊！

我们到了公园就各找自己的爱好了。我去溜冰，爸爸和妈妈去乘坐小艇游遍公园，外公外婆和爷爷奶奶分别去广场唱粤曲、耍太极、跳舞和散步。

今天，是最快乐的一天！我爱星期天！

[初中英语作文：星期天

good afternoon .i am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .first of all ,my english name is ...and my chinese name is ..if you are

going to have a job interview ,you must say much things which can show your willness to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be ...and i am eager to get an opportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something about your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.

what is more important is do not forget to communicate with the

interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the success.

i hope you will give them a wonderful speech .good luck to you !

Almost everyone knows the famous Chinese saying:A young idler,an old beggar. Throughout history,we have seen many cases in which this saying has again and again proved to be true.

It goes without saying that the youth is the best time of life,during which ones mental and physical states are at their peaks. It takes relatively less time and pains to learn or accept new things in a world full of changes and rapid developments. In addition，one is less likely to be under great pressure from career,family and health problems when young. Therefore,a fresh mind plus enormous energy will ensure success in different aspects of life.

Of course,we all know:no pains,no gains. If we dont make every effort to make good use of the advantages youth brings us,it is impossible to achieve any goals. As students,we should now try our best to learn all the subjects well so that we can be well prepared for the challenges that we will face in the future.

[少壮不努力老大徒伤悲初中英语作文

We all have our homes, some homes may be larger, probably smaller, and some at home, some of the possible ugly, probably prettier. My family is no exception Oh！ Here, let me introduce yourself！ My home, although small, very small, but my family is very nice, at first glance, neat, people look very comfortable.

Come into my house, first appeared in front of you is the living room, the living room is the center of a can pull shrink, brown table, at the table, three chairs, are Mom and Dad and my chair, and that in the southwest corner of a table, that is my position. In the living room wall, there is a very old painting, the painting is a bird on a branch of the scene. Left to go from the living room, is one of our room, where we usually watch TV, play computer ...... room northwest, is one of our computer, I find information tool. N the south, there is a TV, free when you can take a look at the news. Next to the TV is my homework place, where there is a multi—functional desk, you can put down a lot of books and stationery.

Go inside this room is our bedroom, with a bed, it was my mother just a place to sleep near the bed, there are a bed, it was my dad a place to sleep, the walls in the bedroom , he has painted a picture of my childhood, very beautiful. This is my home, you must feel it nice！

Main Characters: The little prince, the pilot, the rose, the fox, the snake, etc.

Despite I’ve not in my childhood yet, I still prefer reading fairy-tale stories. The tales, which accompany with me in my old days, often make me think of some precious experience and sensation which only belong to children. This summer I’ve review this kind of tale, which was published in 1940. It’s the world-famous fairy-tale by the French author, Antoine de St-Exupery, The Little Prince.

As many other fairy-tales, the outline of The Little Prince is not very complex. ―I‖, the narrator of the story, is a pilot whose plane has something wrong and lands in the Sahara. In this occasion, the pilot makes the acquaintance of the little prince, a little boy from another planet, the Asteroid B612. The little prince has escaped from his tiny planet, because he has some quarrel with a rose, which grows on his planet. In that case he left his own planet and took an exploration at some neighbor asteroids.

On his all-alone journey, the little prince meets different kinds of people, which includes a king, a conceited man, a tippler, a businessman, a lamplighter and a geographer. From these people he gets a conclusion that the grown-ups are very odd. Following the instruction of the geographer, he descends in the Sahara, on the earth.

Traveling on the earth, the little prince, who sees a garden of five-thousand roses, is overcome with astonishment and sadness, as he considers his rose is unique in the universe before. At that time a fox appears. The fox, who tell the little prince about the meaning of the word ―tame‖, becomes his new friend. At the time to say farewell, the fox makes him know that his rose is unique because she is his rose and tamed by him. From that the little prince begins to treasure friendship and be responsible to his rose.

At the anniversary day of his descent of the earth, rejecting the pilot’s advice, he goes back to his own planet by bite of a snake. ―It’s too far. I can not carry this body with me. It’s too heavy.‖ he said. He tells his friend, the pilot, he must be responsible for his rose, so he has to go back. At the end the author doesn’t tell us the ending directly. Maybe it’s more significant for us to imagine, and for more, think over.

[小王子初中英语读后感

一、立足基本点

初中说明文写作教学是以培养记叙能力为基础的写作教学新阶段。说明文的写作必须具备科学性、客观性的特点。这是写说明文的两个基本点和根本点，也是教学的难点。教学中切忌对学生泛泛要求，要以记叙为基础，用分解法突出抓好两个基本点。其一，文体特点要突出“说清楚。”首先着眼于说明文的科学性，强调写清事物的外部特征和内部结构，方法应不限于平实解说。初中教材中的《蜘蛛》、《晋祠》等课文，大半是生动的描述。《第比利斯地下印刷所》既说明了建筑结构，又介绍了革命史迹，通篇表现出浓重的记叙性。起始阶段应把这种说明文类型作为文体要求的起点。因为对事物的情趣与感受是学生写作的主要诱因。若只强调平实介绍，无益于用记叙基础实现“说清楚”的目标。其二，基本题材要紧扣“熟知的事物”。初中说明文集中体现出一个基本题材——建筑物。尤其是第三册集中安排了一个建筑类说明文单元。这是因建筑物与学生实际生活的关系最密切。起始训练应把建筑物作为基本题材之一，由简到繁集中命题，以求依题成格，触类旁通。

作文题材除了要注重课文依据外，更重要的是要注重学生熟知的事物。如《怎样淹渍西红柿》、《怎样写阅读笔记》等，可先让学生实践，使训练活动成为育人的一个步骤，这样，写起来既是介绍学生所熟知的事物，又可使学以致用。

二、突破认识关

写说明文必须对被说明事物有完整的认识。要做到这一点，就要认真观察，深入了解。

初中生观察事物的通病是走马观花。因而，指导观察应有针对性。可先列提纲，让学生带着问题逐步观察，随手作笔记和图示。观察时要引导学生理清主次，主要掌握概括性观察和特写性观察。有条件的最好摄制些教学录像图片，提供观察框架，通过声像并举的画面进行观察训练。这样，不仅可有效地纠正学生笼统观察的毛病，还可培养学生选点设框的观察能力。

但是，完整的认识仅凭观察是无法形成的。古人观了赵州桥，“不知其所以为”。今人游故宫难以发现皇上的宝座是在北京城南北轴线的中心点上。一些特定的原理、数据、掌故是不可能观察到的。综览教材，凡说明文，都可分出物象说明和意象说明的成分。物象说明只是从空间上说明事物的“形”，而意象说明则能从时间延续、掌故原委上说明事物的“神”。而要进行意象说明，就必须具备有关说明的知识。写说明文的最大难点也就在此。所以，教师指导的任务之一就是让学生积累知识。起始阶段，教师应多方引导，必要时要“下水”示范，尽可能向学生提供材料丰富的半成品，让学生整理选择取舍，力争写一篇成一篇，获得规范的写作体验。

三、借助仿写桥

学生对被说明事物具备了相应的知识，还会遇到行文障碍。因此在章法安排、语言运用等方面必须排除一些难点。从整体上说，有效之法是仿写。模仿是创新的基础，是技能形成的捷径和桥梁。

但是运用教材范例指导学生仿写，必须据学生的实际确定模仿点，而不是雷同。如《香山红叶》和《人民大会堂》都是以行踪为序组材的。前者是散文，行踪露得很实在，充分表现了“我”与同游者的感受，外化了散文作品的感情意蕴，主观性叙述贯穿全文。而后者是说明文，“我”和建筑师的行踪表现得很简洁，只在２、９、１２、１４段中点了点，成为一条虚线，等于带读者将大会堂游了一遍。把教材中的范例举出来，作为按行踪顺序介绍的一个仿点，可提高学生习作的成功率。教材中的仿点很丰富，要针对学生实际，循序而仿。通过借助仿写这个捷径和桥梁，让学生深切地体会说明文的章法安排、语言运用的特点，进而掌握说明文的写法和结构。

Christmas as a grand festival of the west, in addition to the Christmas

tree, also cannot little taste delicious food. Before Christmas Turkey dinner is

a case card main course, people might do in a microwave oven, the holidays a lot

of people now is in outside restaurant to have dinner, merchants can also use

the opportunity to make money out of customers, of course, there are many

Christmas food, ginger bread, candy, and so on.

In addition, people also give gifts to each other, this is the childrens

favorite, often can get lots of presents.

My hometown used to be a backwardplace, because it was deep in the mountains, where there were no nice buildingsand the roads were so narrow and dirty. People lived a poor life.

我的家乡过去是一个落后的地方，因为它在深山里面，那里没有漂亮的建筑物，公路也是又小又脏的。人们的生活都很贫苦。

While in recent years, with thedevelopment of society, my hometown has been greatly changed. Now the roads aregetting much wider. There are many different cars and buses running on theroads. Trees and flowers are planted on the two sides of the roads. They canprovide us with oxygen and fight against the pollutants. So the sky becomescleaner and brighter. Whats more, you can see many modern and beautifulbuildings everywhere, and the living conditions are improving. People areenjoying a comfortable life now.

近年来，随着社会的发展，我的家乡发生了很大的变化。现在的路是越来越大了。有许多不同的汽车和公交车在道路上运行。道路两边种满了树木和鲜花。他们可以为我们提供氧气，与污染物抗争。现在天空变得更清洁、更明亮。更重要的是，你随处可见到许多现代和美丽的建筑，人们的生活条件也得到了改善。现在人们在享受舒适的生活。