英语写作素材之常用经典名言(汇编20篇)

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

1)We have (take) pleasure in informing you that......

兹欣告你方......

2)We have the pleasure of informing you that......

兹欣告你方.....

3)We are pleased (glad) to inform you that......

兹欣告你方......

4)Further to our letter of yesterday, we now have (the) pleasure in informing you that......

续谈我方昨日函, 现告你方......

5)We confirm telegrams/fax messages recently exchanged between us and are pleased to say that......

我方确认近来双方往来电报/传真,并欣告......

6)We confirm cables exchanged as per copies (cable confirmation) herewith attached.

我方确认往来电报,参见所附文本.

7)We learn from Messrs......that you are interested and well experienced in ......business, and would like to establish business relationship with us.

我方从...公司获悉,你方对...业务感兴趣且颇有经验,意欲与我方建立业务关系.

8)Although no communication has been exchanged between us for a long time, we trust that you are doing well in business.

虽然久未通讯,谅你方生意兴隆.

9)Although we have not heard from you for quite some time, we hope your business is progressing satisfactorily.

虽然好久没接到你方来信,谅业务进展顺利.

10)We have pleasure in sending you our catalog, which gives full information about our various products.

欣寄我方目录,提供我方各类产品的详细情况。

11)We are pleased to send you by parcel post a package containing...

很高兴寄你一邮包内装...

12)We have the pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your letter dated...

欣获你方...月...日来信.

13)We acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter of...

谢谢你方...月...日来信.

14)We have duly received your letter of ...

刚刚收悉你方...月...日来信.

15)We thank you for your letter of ...contents of which have been noted.

谢谢你方...月...日来信,内容已悉.

16) Refering to your letter of ......we are pleased to ....

关于你方...月...日来信,我们很高兴...

17) Reverting to your letter of ...we wish to say that...

再洽你方...月...日来信,令通知...

18)In reply to your letter of ...,we...

兹复你方...月...日来函,我方...

19) We wish to refer to your letter of ...concerning

现复你方...月...日关于...的来信

20) In compliance with the request in your letter of ... we...

按你方...月...日来函要求,我方...

导语：要学好写英语短文，就必须经常练习写作。记日记是提高书面表达能力的有效方法之一。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文指导，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

一、日记的格式

英文日记通常由书端和正文两个部分组成。日记常以第一人称记下当天生活中的所见、所闻、所做或所想的事情。中、英文的日记三格式大致一样。英语日记的书端是专门写日记的日期、星期和天气的。左上角是日期(年、月、日)、星期。右上角写上当天的天气情况，如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Windy，Snowy，Cloudy等。

1、日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如：

A)September 1，2004或September 1st，2004也可省略写成Sept. 1，2004或Sept. 1st，2004;the 1st of September in 2004(月份不可以缩写)

B)只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写)

C)只有年、月：September 2004或the September of 2004(月份不可以缩写)

以上的1或1st都应读作the first.

2、星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期和日期之间不用标点，但要空一格，星期也可缩写。如：

Saturday，October 22nd，2004;October 22nd，2004 Saturday

3.天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny，Fine，Rainy，Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，用逗号隔开，位于日记的右上角。如：

Saturday，March 4，2004，Windy;1st January，2004，Fine

二、日记的要求

日记的正文是日记的主要部分，写在星期和日期的正下方，可以顶格写，也可以内缩3至5个字母的空间。由于记载的内容通常已经发生，谓语动词多用一般过去时。但也可根据具体情况，用其它时态。如：记叙天气、描写景色，为了描写生动，可以使用现在时，以表现当时的情景。再如文后发表感想或评论可用现在时态或将来时态。记日记力求简单明了，有连贯性。若有文字提示，则应重视提示，把握要点。在句式上尽量使用简单句，以防繁杂，造成语法、句型错误。

三、日记的类型和训练

日记分为记事型、议论型、描写型和抒情型。建议大家在学习写日记的过程中，可按以下步骤进行：

①将一天所经历的主要事情和过程依次简要地记下来，不附加任何感情色彩，这是最简单的记日记的方法;

②阅读别人的日记，并利用所学过的句型来表达个人在一天中观察到的或感受到的事情。

「范文与点评」

March 12th，2003，Tuesday Sunny (Fine)

Today is Tree Planting Day. At 7∶30 in the morning，all the students in our class met at the school gate. We walked to the park. Miss Gao and other teachers went and worked with us. All the students worked very hard，and we planted about 200 trees. Though we were dirty and tired，we still felt very happy.

这是一篇记叙型的日记。结构严谨，中心突出，有选择地记录当天的见闻(人或事)，并加以分析和评论。

一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型

1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…

2.Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that…

3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that…

4.All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that…

5.From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that…

6.To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that…

7.In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is…

8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that…

9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that…

10. It is believed that…

二、表达个人观点的句型

1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.

2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.

3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that…

4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of… outweigh its advantages.

5. In my opinion/view, we should…

6. As for me, I…

7. As I see , …

8. From my point of view, …

9. Personally/ I think…

10. My view is that…

11. I think/consider…

12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of…

三、表达建议的句型

1. It’s high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to…

2. It’s really high time we took measures to solve the problem of/put an end to…

3. There is still a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that efforts should be made to…

4. We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of…

5. There is no easy solution to the problem of…, but… might be useful.

6. There is no quick answer to the question of…, but … might be helpful.

7. It is necessary that effective/proper/quick actions/steps/measures be taken to…

8. It’s suggested that great efforts be made to…

9.To check/control the tendency/trend is no easy task, and it requires a good/deep awareness/consciousness/understanding of…

导语：身陷囹圄而能最终成才，一方面要有坚强的信念和毅力，另一方面，也有对生命的渴望和对艺术的执著。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的高考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

尼可洛·帕格尼尼是意大利小提琴家、作曲家，被人称为“独弦琴上练出来的小提琴家”。他的艺术道路坎坷不平。他生于一小商人家庭，据说，曾因为政治犯罪坐了20年牢。但即使是身陷囹圄，他也不曾灰心，而是坚持狱中学习。他在狱窗边，用一把只剩下一根弦的提琴，坚持苦练，几十年如一日，终于在演奏技巧方面达到了出神入化的境地。他的创作和演奏，奔放不羁，富于激情，对同时代的浪漫派作曲家有较大的影响。

分析：身陷囹圄而能最终成才，一方面要有坚强的信念和毅力，另一方面，也有对生命的渴望和对艺术的执著。

话题：“永不放弃”“信念与毅力”

导语：人的一生，从小到大，得到足够成长的标志可不就是“自己照顾自己”?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢! ​

有时候，别人说过的经意或不经意的一句话，你当时并不以为然，不会放在心上。也许以后的某个时刻，也许是多年后的某一天，蓦然想起，重新回味起来，可能是会心一笑，可能会意识到自己的后知后觉。

那年搭杜老师的车去苏州。一路上东聊西聊，六、七个小时的行程中，彼此就交待了很多的悲欢离合人生大计甚至家长里短。说起父母对我们姐妹的关爱之情，我讲了个小细节，那就是每次离开父母家回自己家，我爸在估计我们到家后，往往会打电话问一句“你们到家啦……”后来我们回到家就会主动打电话给父母报一声平安。这似乎已经成为家庭习惯。

杜老师听了，问道：你有没有想过?到底发生了什么事或没发生什么事?让父母对自己如此不放心?

说起家里的这个生活细节时，我是颇为自己的家庭氛围自豪的。她这么问，我楞了一下，不知如何作答，也没深入去想。

但这是个问题。偶尔还是会想起。

不止父母对子女如此，我们对父母也是这样。

有一年我爸妈去东北。行程期间恰好发生了一起杀人犯通缉事件，我对那条沸沸扬扬的新闻当然也有留意。我妹妹把那条消息推给我，我知道她也有所担心父母的安全，就回复道：相信咱爸妈运气好!(潜台词：不会遇到通缉犯)

这种担心其实很多余，遇到的几率几乎为零，但也属于“情不自禁”。

后来看过一篇名为《担心就是诅咒》的文章。觉得非常有道理，便拿回家跟爸妈分享。

文章里引用了证严法师的话：如果父母常常担心他的孩子，他的孩子会没有福气。因为福气都被父母给担心掉了。法师还说“如果父母希望他的孩子有福气，就要多多祝福他的孩子，而不是担心他的孩子。”

最近几年，发现每次的家庭聚会后，父母已不会再像从前那样叮嘱一句“回到家来个电话”，或打电话跟我们确认是否“安全到家”。

也许是父母真的上了年纪的缘故，也许是父母对我们已经足够放心、相信我们能照顾好自己。我宁愿相信是后者。

大年初二回娘家。全家十一口人聚齐，饭前我爸要求每人说句话。我妹妹说的特别好：谢谢爸爸妈妈，把自己照顾得这么好，不需要我们操心。新的一年，相信我们每个人都能够照顾好自己……

我妈去年有次轻微脑血栓。住院的几天里，我们姐妹仨争相要去陪床，我爸坚决不同意，让我们好好上班，说他自己照顾我妈就行。结果住院、陪护、出院的各种手续，都是他自己办理的，而且入院、出院，坐的都是公交车。

即便是自己的女儿，他们也不想麻烦，理由是“我们自己能照顾自己。”并且专门叮嘱我们“不要把你妈住院的消息告诉别人……”我爸妈都是不愿给别人添麻烦的人。

想起父母家房子拆迁，几次的搬家、租房我们几乎都没出力，后来房子装修也是我爸自己操持的。大表姐有次说：俺舅那么大年纪了，装修的事你们让他自己弄，太操心了……

这是十年前的事了。每每想起，就觉得自己很没用，很不孝顺;每每想到爸妈拒绝我们的帮助，就觉得很“受伤”。后来也是看到一篇文章，就释然了。

台大外文系刘毓秀教授接到小区警卫的数落电话：“教授，你九十岁的爸爸刚刚扛着一包米经过小区大门，外人看了都不忍心，你们是怎么当儿女的?”

刘教授说：“最好的孝顺，就是不孝。”日本作家岸见一郎在他的新书《面对父母老去的勇气》一书中，提到当父母老了，子女应该找机会，换一种方式来爱他。我的方式就是，“有事，弟子不服其劳。”刘教授，现在子女被传统孝道捆绑，眼见父母衰老，为了降低罪恶感，就找外佣来照料，陪着走路、喂食、打理，让老人自理能力越来越差。

我爸妈都没读过这样的文章，却是这种理论的践行者——自立、自理、尊严。

前些日子有个读者在后台发来很长的留言。她公婆家在外地，结婚后自己住得离父母很近，由于父母重男轻女，并不帮自己照顾刚生的小孩。因为父母家的琐事，也导致老公不满，决定回自己家乡，她又要照看刚生下的小孩，又要照顾母亲(父亲在外地打工，她觉得五十多岁的母亲需要照顾)，又焦虑要不要跟老公一起回家乡，半年多瘦了二十多斤……

我当时只是简单地回复了几句话：要跟你老公好好沟通，谈谈自己的感觉;要相信父母有能力照顾好自己……你该过自己的生活。

我有个前同事春节前刚生了二宝。记得当年她辞职时我俩面谈，我问：你爸妈知道你(想)辞职的事吗?

她说：我跟我老公商量好了。辞职的事，不用跟我爸妈说，他们年纪也大了。

我当时就立刻反省了自己的心智模式。觉得她年纪虽然比我轻，但在这方面却成熟的多。是啊，自己已经成年了、成家了，该为自己负责了，辞职这样的事为什么还要报告父母?

李中莹老师曾讲过父母的责任是：帮孩子——自己照顾自己，给世界一份正面影响。

人的一生，从小到大，得到足够成长的标志可不就是“自己照顾自己”?

孩子能够“自己照顾自己”，是做父母的一分欣慰;父母年老之时能够“自己照顾自己”，是做子女的一种福气。

“自己照顾好自己”，才是对家人最好的爱。

1：许多人完全知道要成功他们必须做什么，但他们迟迟不愿采取正确的行动。成功的秘密是这样的：不要只是想着采取行动，而是要“采取正确的行动!”

2：许多时候，我们不是跌倒在自己的缺陷上，而是跌倒在自己的优势上，因为缺陷常常给我们以提醒，而优势却常常使我们忘乎所以。

3：对真正的成功者来说，不论他的生存条件如何，都不会自我磨灭自身潜藏的智能，不会自贬可能达到的人生高度。他会锲而不舍地去克服一切困难，发掘自身才能的最佳生长点，扬长避短地、踏踏实实地朝着人生的最高目标坚定地前进!

4：人们常用“心有余而力不足”来为自己不愿努力而开脱，其实，世上无难事，只怕有心人，积极的思想几乎能够战胜世间的一切障碍。

5：许多人感到身体支持不住，往往症结在于心理上。保持愉快的情绪对身体的健康是非常有帮助的。“不怕才有希望”，对付困难是这样，对付疾病也是这样。

6:赛蒙顿医生说：“你对自己的生命拥有比你想像的更多的主宰权，即使是像癌症这么难缠的恶疾，也能在你的掌握中。”他还说：“事实上，你可以运用这种心灵的力量，来决定要什么样的生命品质。”

7：纵然存在一些缺点，仍有成功的机会。只要你肯于承认自己的缺点，积极努力超越缺点，甚至可以把它转化为发展自己的机会。

8：自信是所有成功人士必备的素质之一，要想成功，首先必须建立起自信心，而你若想在自己内心建立信心，即应像洒扫街道一般，首先将相当于街道上最阴湿黑暗之角落的自卑感清除干净，然后再种植信心，并加以巩固。信心建立之后，新的机会才会随之而来。

9：凡是伟大的人物从来不承认生活是不可改造的，他也许会对他当时所处的环境不满意，不过他的不满意不但不会使他抱怨和不快乐，反而使他充满一股热忱想闯出一番事业来。

10：一个人如果下决心要成为什么样的人，或者下决心要做成什么样的事，那么，意志或者说动机的驱动力会使他心想事成，如愿以偿。

11：一定要做最适合自己的事情，不要迎合别人的口味而去做一件不属于自我的“难事”。一旦 “发现自我”，就要尽力而为，但要全面了解自己和周围的环境，知道适可而止。

12:许多人之所以在生活中一事无成，最根本原因在于他们不知道自己到底要做什么。在生活和工作中，明确自己的目标和方向是非常必要的。只有在知道你的目标是什么、你到底想做什么之后，你才能够达到自己的目的，你的梦想才会变成现实。

导语：纪念钟书先生的最好方式，就是将他作为20世纪中国人文学术的一个杰出象征，总结一代大才成长的基本经验。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于钱钟书先生的相关材料，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

中国社会科学院原副院长、特邀顾问、著名学者和作家钱钟书先生，于1998年12月19日，带着他对祖国、对人民、对中华文化的无限挚爱和眷恋，带着他无穷的睿智和学识，离我们而去。时光荏苒，但我们对钱先生的缅怀之情却益发深切。这使我想起俄罗斯伟大诗人涅克拉索夫悼念杜勃罗留波夫的诗句：怎样一盏智慧的明灯熄灭了，怎样的一颗心脏停止了跳动!

中国人文社会科学界正在生机勃勃地走向新世纪。整个学界都在思考，如何通过不懈的努力，产生出一批享誉海内外的学术大家，以一批重要的科研成果推动中国的发展和人类的进步。因此，纪念钟书先生的最好方式，就是将他作为20世纪中国人文学术的一个杰出象征，走近他，认识他，深刻地探讨他的学术道路和学理体系，总结一代大才成长的基本经验，以往鉴来，开拓21世纪人文社会科学更高历史水平的繁荣鼎盛的前程。

学贯中西，熔铸人类文化精华

钱钟书先生是中国数千年文化传统在一个风气开通、历史转型时期的特殊结晶。他1910年生于江苏无锡，幼承家学，天资过人，青少年时代就练就了文史方面的“童子功”。1933年钱钟书毕业于清华大学外文系，两年后到英国牛津大学攻读，后又至巴黎大学研究法国文学。抗日战争期间归国，曾在多所大学任教。1953年被聘为中国科学院文学研究所一级研究员。后相继担任了中国社会科学院副院长、院特邀顾问。

钱钟书的一生，是以生命的极限去探索人文写作和人文学术的极致的。他解放前出版了集幽默睿智于一的散文集《写在人生边上》，短篇小说集《人·兽·鬼》，描绘旧中国知识分子百相的长篇小说《围城》，融中西学于一体、见解精辟独到的《谈艺录》;解放后出版了《宋诗选注》、《管锥编》五卷、《七缀集》、《石语》、《槐聚诗存》等，待出版者还有《〈宋诗纪事〉补正》，等等。他还参与了中国科学院文学研究所编著《中国文学史》的工作，并作出了重要贡献。早在1950年他就参加了《毛泽东选集》英译委员会，并翻译了《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》。1960年他又参加了《毛泽东诗词》英译定稿小组的工作，断断续续直到“文革”开始受冲击“靠边站”，工作才停顿下来。到1972年，他从干校返京后又于1974年参加了英译工作，终于使《毛泽东诗词》英译本得以出版。在将毛泽东著作推向世界的工作中，钱钟书发挥了重要而独特的作用。但他从不以此为耀，宣示他人。

钱钟书不仅精通英文、法文、德文、意大利文及拉丁文、西班牙文，而且对西方古典的和现代的文学、哲学、心理学以至各种新兴的人文学科，都有很高的造诣和透辟的理解。

钱钟书先生对我国古代的经、史、子、集都有广泛而深入的研究。他立足于我国的文化传统，努力打通古今中外，使之熔于一炉，并铸广博的知识与精审卓识于一体，使丰富的原创性发现和坚实的学理性论证二者达到完美的统一。《谈艺录》是钱钟书青年时期之作，书中对许多问题都作了前无古人的发掘和辨析，出版之初就以视角的独特、观点的新颖和材料的丰赡充实震动了学界。《宋诗选注》是钱钟书在文学研究所工作期间完成的一项成果，对传统的选学开拓了崭新的境界。这部书既有普及性的一面，可供雅俗所共赏，同时又体现了钱钟书对宋诗乃至全部中国古典诗歌的深湛研究，资料极为繁富，论述多有发明，体例独特别致，充满了创造性，具有重大的学术价值。

《管锥编》是钱钟书晚年的力作，现已出版的几卷远非钱钟书计划的全部。最初设计为八卷，而只完成四卷，后出的第五卷是前四卷的“补遗”。如果天假以年，这部著作的规模一定还要更加宏伟。但就目前出版的五册来看，它们依托对《周易》、《毛诗》、《楚辞》、《老子》、《左传》、《史记》等典籍的独到研究，而又涉及后代许多文化论著和文学作品，熔铸古今，观照中外，就这些典籍中所涉及的文化、人生的诸多问题都做了深入的探讨并得出许多精辟的结论，堪称当代学术一座高峰。钱钟书的学术成就及其历史地位和价值是多方面的，其中最重要的一点，就是他自觉而科学地梳理和弘扬中华文化，在人类文化的总格局中把中华文化安放在一个恰当的位置上，从而推动中华文化有力地走向世界，并努力打通中西之间的隔阂，自觉而科学地吸取和借鉴一切外国文化的优良因素，从而使我国新文化建设的路途更宽广也更健康。

钱钟书的全部工作，归根到底，就是提炼和熔铸人类以往文化的精华，并努力把它推向更高更美的境界。他对中华文化的精通，他对外国，特别是西方文化精髓的深刻理解和把握，他以中华文化为基础对西方文化予以大气包举、融会贯通的魄力和驾驭力，在当代学林是高居峰巅，很少人能够企及的。钱钟书是世界级的学者，他的眼光也富有前瞻性。这一点世界上也有公论，法国总统雅克·希拉克先生唁电中说“他将以他的自由创作，审慎思想和全球意识铭记在文化历史中、并成为对未来世代的灵感源泉”。

可以说，钟书先生在文学上是一个全才，既是一位大学者，又是一位大作家。他最早成名之作是旧体诗，受到许多学界耆宿的称许。特别是长篇小说《围城》，影响更大。钱钟书文学创作上的成就，是一个与他的学术成就相平行而又相关联的课题，值得我们仔细地研究和总结。

嗜书如命，超常勤奋成就天才

我们回顾钱钟书的学术创新机制，更感到他的学术战略眼光高人一筹。他总是想方设法，尽量广泛地汲取有实质价值的世界人文学术的前沿知识，用以激发和培植自己独立创新的能力。钟书先生精熟典籍，许多人以为他是位“非三代两汉之书不敢观”的老先生，实际上这是一个大误会。虽然钱钟书安坐斗室，晚年几乎是足不出户，但是世界思想界的动态对他来说并不陌生。伦敦的《泰晤士报》的每周文学增刊，他是每期必看的，而且看得很细，所以一些新观点、新学说都逃不出他的视线。

他对学术事业的态度，用严肃认真、兢兢业业这样的词语来形容是远远不够的，他的顶真严谨几乎到了苛刻严酷的程度。他的书几乎没有一部在重印或再版时不作大大小小的修改。他的《谈艺录》初版于1948年，到1984年再版，所作的补订，篇幅几与原作相等。补订本不但增加了对中国古代文论的辨析和阐发，还大量吸收了西方新学科、新理论的成果，使这部30多年前的书依旧能够傲然屹立在当今时代的学术前沿。《管锥编》虽然1979年才出版，但很快就有了新的补订，第五卷就是“补订”的结集。

凡是钱钟书的朋友、同事或学生，或者哪怕是仅仅与钱钟书交谈过一次的人，都会对钱钟书学问的广博、思维的深刻、反应的敏捷、悟性之高、记忆力之强，叹为观止。钱钟书的天资禀赋我们很多人不具备也学不到，可以而且应该学习的是他那超常的勤奋。他的成就再一次雄辩地说明：勤奋，唯有勤奋，是实现和完成天才的真正必要条件。

关于钱钟书的勤奋，流传着许多感人的故事。据50年代在文学研究所工作的一些同志回忆，他们当时还是青年人，而钱钟书早已是名震遐迩的大学者了，可是，他们每次进入线装书库，几乎都会见到钱钟书。钱钟书拿着铅笔和笔记本，不断地翻检书籍，不断地抄录、作笔记，常常不知不觉地就过了半天。有时，他会在那里向青年人介绍各类古籍，告诉他们这些书的插架所在，历历如数家珍。文学研究所图书馆馆藏线装书十分丰富，许多线装书的借阅卡上只有钱钟书一个人的名字。文学研究所图书室当年收藏有许多好书，特别是珍贵的外文书，其中不少就是他帮助订购或搜寻来的。据说他精读的每一部书都反复批点，有的连天地两头和页边都写满了，再也找不到一点空地方。现在整理出版的《〈宋诗纪事〉补正》就是批注在《宋诗纪事》空白之处的。他的夫人杨绛先生曾在一篇文章中说，钱钟书撰著《管锥编》时，她为他整理、检点笔记本，整整费了两天工夫，装了几大麻袋。《管锥编》印出的书虽然只是5本，可是钱钟书为它作了多么长期、多么深厚的学术积累!在河南的“五七”干校无书可读，他就反复地读随身所带的字典和笔记本等。

还应该一提的是，钱钟书在为人、治学上的一个很大特点，就是在学术上直言不讳，对于自己不同意的意见，总是坦诚地谈出自己的看法。与此同时，对一些向他请教的青年人，尽管问题不大，甚至比较浅薄，他一般也从不表示不屑，更不以自己的学问骄人，而是循循善诱，问一答十，把他们的问题和思考引向深入。他就是这样不仅在学问上，而且在为人和言行上也为后辈学子树立了楷模。

历经风雨，爱国情怀终生不悔

钱钟书先生留学英、法，谙熟西方文化，但从不以此为傲。早在1945年，一位友人就在一篇记述钱钟书的文章中写道：“他为人崖岸有骨气，虽曾负笈西方，身上却不曾沾染半点洋进士的臭味，洋文读得滚瓜烂熟，血管里流的则全是中国学者的血液。”这段话很能再现钱钟书的风貌。打开《槐聚诗存》便可以看到许多怀念家乡与祖国和凝聚着爱国激情的篇章。

1938年，他留学英、法结束时，像他这样杰出的俊彦，当时在英、法找个收入丰厚的工作本是轻而易举的事，但是此时祖国正处在日寇侵略的水深火热之中，他怀着“相传复楚能三户，倘及平吴不廿年”(《槐聚诗存·巴黎归国》)的赤诚的爱国之心，毅然地回到了“忧天将压、避地无之”、“国破堪依、家亡靡”(《谈艺录》)的故国。

1949年北京解放前夕，有的人流亡国外，可是钱钟书偏要留在大陆。杨绛先生后来在《干校六记》中怀着诚挚的感情忆及这件事时说：“默存常引柳永的词：‘衣带渐宽终不悔，为伊消得人憔悴。’我们只是舍不得祖国，撇不下‘伊’。”“文革”中，钱钟书受到冲击，并被下放到“五七”干校劳动，杨先生曾问钱钟书：“你悔不悔当初留下不走?”钱钟书毫不犹疑地回答说：“时光倒流，我还是照老样!”表现了钱钟书对新中国、对中华这块热土和对安身立命基础的传统文化无限的热爱，不管国家怎样贫困落后，也不管在前进的道路上有多少曲折和苦头，自己受到过多么不公正的对待，他都不更改自己的选择，无怨无悔。几十年来，他同我们的国家、我们的党一道，历经风风雨雨、共度艰难险阻，也共享收获与成功。他始终积极地工作着，用他满腹才华和生花妙笔为我们的国家和人民提供着最好的精神产品，也为世界的知识宝库积累着财富。他为此贡献了自己全部的力量和生命。这是中国知识分子最重要、最可宝贵的品格。

钱钟书自己虽未参加共产党，但他的唯一的女儿北京师范大学教授钱瑗(不幸先于钱钟书病故)就是一个优秀的共产党员。钱钟书和杨先生还拥有不少共产党人的朋友。钱钟书与胡乔木同志是清华的先后同学。乔木同志对钱钟书的人品、学问、诗才一贯佩服之至，曾一再向不了解钱钟书的人宣传钱钟书是“稀有金属”，并批评过个别人对钱钟书的误解和诋讦。乔木同志在遇到问题时也经常向钱钟书请教，钱钟书也总能给他一个满意的答复。80年代前期，中国社会科学院特聘请钱钟书担任了副院长的职务。院里当时有个不成文的规定，一般的事情不轻易地打扰钱钟书，但学术方面的重大事情，则一定要请示他，并充分尊重他所提出的意见。而钱钟书也总是知无不言，言无不尽，并力所能及地为扩大本院的国际影响而努力。依我看，乔木同志与钱钟书之间的友谊，不仅是两个人之间的私人交谊，更重要的，是体现了我们共产党人与知识分子良好关系的典范。

党的十一届三中全会开辟了我国社会主义发展、包括人文学术发展的新纪元。它所提出的解放思想、实事求是的方针，给我国的学术文化发展带来了一个崭新的春天。钱钟书对这一新的方针政策是由衷拥护、全力支持的。他的长达100余万字的《管锥编》开始写作于“文革”未终、“四人帮”尚在肆虐之时。而这部体大思深的著作中没有一句趋时的话语，完全是钟书先生郁积多年思考的集中表达。《管锥编》的写作正像一朵迎春花预示着繁花似锦的春光就在眼前。钱钟书的学术成就是与国运同兴的。我们应该高度重视钱钟书的学术文化创造成果，也应该充分珍视党的十一届三中全会制定的方针路线给我们国家所开创的发展机遇。

淡泊名利，人格风范永留人间

我和钱钟书先生相识得较晚，但也是钱钟书著作的热心读者。我到社科院工作之前，曾在几次会议上见到过钱钟书，每一次我都特意趋前问候，并曾专门去看望过他。到社科院工作之后，我先后有几次去医院探望他，钱钟书和杨绛慢慢和我熟悉了，有什么心里话，也愿与我坦诚交换。去年11月，恰逢他88华诞，我曾和几位同志特意到北京医院，向他献上一束花，祝愿他早日康复。那一天他和杨先生都显得很愉快。

尤其需要提到的是，党中央和江泽民总书记及中央其他领导同志也一直关心、惦记着钱钟书的病情。我每次见到总书记，他总是十分关切地询问钱钟书的近况。1998年12月19日晚8时三刻许，总书记看到中国社会科学院12月18日晚关于钱钟书病危的报告，心里十分着急，即给杨绛打电话。通话后，总书记默然良久，后在病报上写道：“本拟去看望，后考虑给杨绛同志打一电话，不料钱老已于凌晨7时许逝世。我向她表示沉痛哀悼。”杨绛后来专门让我转达她对总书记和中央其他领导的关心表示诚挚的谢意。

杨绛坚持钱钟书的遗愿，要求后事一切从简，遗体由二三亲人护送，不举行任何悼念仪式，不保留骨灰，并恳辞花篮花圈。我们既为二位先生崇高的思想境界而感动，又觉得那样做未免简慢了些，难以充分表达对这位大学者的哀悼之情。但是为了尊重二位，经过反复研究，我们还是尊重了他的遗愿。钱钟书生前淡泊名利，去世也希望能摆脱掉一切虚礼和俗套。按照他的遗嘱，连骨灰也不曾保留。但是，钱钟书先生是不朽的，他的音容笑貌、崇高品质和等身著作将永远地留存于天地之间，放射出耀眼的光芒。

书籍是屹立在时间的汪洋大海中的灯塔。下面是小编给大家带来的写作常用比喻句摘抄，欢迎大家查看。

1.阳光下盛开的百合花就是您的笑容。

2.幸福是染色的画笔，能染红鲜花，也能染绿树叶;能给清澈的湖水染上透明的质感，也能给纯洁的心灵涂抹一层辉煌。

3.一艘银灰色的气垫船，像一匹纯种烈马，在金波粼粼的海面上飞掠而过。

4.小姑娘的心灵像雪花一样纯洁。

5.庄稼汉们站在地头，望着这片黄澄澄像狗尾巴的稻谷，心里像酿了蜜一样的甜。

6.她的文章写得很好。结构就像人体内的神经结和神经网的关系那样严密。

7.小弟弟的脸胖乎乎、红扑扑的，看上去真像一个可爱的大苹果，我真想去咬上一口。

8.食堂开饭时，全校同学像热锅上的蚂蚁一样挤成一团。

9.敌机逃窜了，我们的飞机紧紧追在后面，像豺狗追小白兔一样，一前一后。

10.父爱如山，母爱如海。

11.石头就是书。你们看，这石头一层一层的，不就像一册厚厚的书吗?

12.西湖，就是镶嵌在这天堂里的一颗明珠。

13.在藏语中，拉萨是圣地的意思，那么，这湛蓝的天就是圣地的窗帘了。

14.一到夜晚，整个香港就成了灯的海洋。

15.香港，真是一颗无比璀璨的"东方之珠"。

16.书籍是屹立在时间的汪洋大海中的灯塔。

17.爱护书籍吧，它是知识的源泉。

18.一本好书就是一个好社会，它能够陶冶人的感情与气质，使人高尚。

19.读一本好书等于和许多高尚的人谈话。

20.选书应和交友一样谨慎。因为你的习性受书籍的影响不亚于朋友。

21.书是智慧的钥匙。

22.政治家说:"书是时代的生命" ;企业家说:"书是致富的信息" ;文学家说:"书是人类的营养品" ;学生们说:"书是不开口的老师";迷惘者说:"书是心中的启明星";探索者说:"书是通向彼岸的船" ;奋斗者说:"书是人生的向导";急于求知者说:"书是饥饿时的美餐" 。

23.它像一条巨龙横卧在我国北方的崇山峻岭上,从东头的鸭绿江边到西头的嘉峪关,高高低低,蜿蜒曲折,全长6500多公里。

24.幸福是迎面的清风，能吹来落叶，也能吹走沙砾;能在广阔的大海吹荡起一波涟漪，也能拂走心中所有不愉快的感觉。幸福是暖炉，能融化坚固的冰块，给寒冷的人以温暖，给失魂落魄的人以安慰;幸福是清泉，能滋润干燥的沙漠，给饥渴的人以清凉，给奄奄一息的人以生命。

25.生活就像爬大山，生活就像淌大河。

26.教育家说:"书是智慧的钥匙." ;史学家说:"书是进步的阶梯." ;政治家说:"书是时代的生命." ;经济家说:"书是致富的信息." ;文学家说:"书是人类的营养品." ;学生们说:"书是离不开的老师." ;迷惘者说:"书是心中的启明星." ;探索者说:"书是通向彼岸的船." ;奋斗者说:"书是人生的向导.";急于求知者说:"书是饥饿时的美餐."

27.仙人掌，正在用它的“武器”，与太阳作斗争。

28.书犹药也,善读之可以医愚。

29.书——这是一代对另一代精神上的遗训，这是行将就木的老人对刚刚开始生活的青年人的中选，这是行将去休息的站岗人对走来接替他的岗位的站岗人的命令。

30.邱少云像千斤巨石一动不动扒在火堆里。

31.就像根,永远是树叶的家;家就像红布条,永远系着游子的心,家就像大衣一件,不会提高温度,但却给予人们连火炉都不能替代的温暖。

32.顿时，我的泪水像断了线的珍珠一样，夺眶而出。

33.在图书馆扒着睡觉的时候流口水，就像晚年石钟乳一样。

34.钱钟书围城里说：打呼噜像放长线的风筝。

35.我像风筝一样, 不能远走高飞 ,痛苦无奈像秋千一般, 荡了出去又回来。

36.人潮卷来卷去，地坝变成了露天舞台。

37.炕沿上坐着的那个鬼子军官，两眼红红的，像一只恶狼。

38.他打破了一块玻璃，吓得像受了惊的小鸟一样逃跑了。

39. 一艘银灰色的气垫船，像一匹纯种烈马，在金波粼粼的海面上飞掠而过。

40.文章写得很好。结构就像人体内的神经结和神经网的关系那样严密。

41.小弟弟的脸胖乎乎、红扑扑的，看上去真像一个可爱的大苹果，我真想去咬上一口。

42.远远望去，泰山峰上的松树连成一片，浓浓的，看上去就像人的颧骨上横着的一道剑眉。

43.开饭时，全校同学像热锅上的蚂蚁一样挤成一团。

44.敌机逃窜了，我们的飞机紧紧追在后面，像豺狗追小白兔一样，一前一后。

45.运动员像离弦的箭一般向终点跑去。

46.梦像一条小鱼,在水里游来游去，想捉他，他已经跑了。

47.梦像一片雪花 ,在空中飘舞,想抓住他，他已经融化了。

48.老师是辛勤的园丁，教导着我们。

49.他们朴实得就像那片高粱。

50.心像玻璃一样碎了。

51.敌人的子弹像雨点般的向我们的阵地射来。

52.天上的星星像黑夜里的萤火虫,像小朋友的眼睛一样,一闪一闪的,可爱极了。

53.我觉得自己就像一个刚出锅的发面馒头,一块吸饱了水的海绵,一只刚从水沟里爬上来的湿漉漉的猫,每个毛孔里都透着生机盎然的蓬勃的恶意。

54.几朵绒毛似的白云轻轻地掠过去。

55.花丛里还隐藏着像珊瑚珠似的小红豆。

导语：抗日战争对中国造成了巨大的人员和财产损失，战争过程中民众的国家观念得到了增强，战争的胜利极大的提高了中国在世界舞台上的地位。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

中国抗日战争，是1937年7月7日～1945年8月15日中国抵抗日本侵略的一场民族性的全面战争，战场主要在中国大陆。1931年9月18日，日本侵占中国东北三省;1937年7月7日，其发动全面侵华战争;中国人民奋起抗日，拉开了全面抗日战争的序幕。在战争初期，中国投入大量军队以遏制日军的进攻;随后交战双方即转入相持，中共领导的敌后力量逐渐发展壮大，1941年12月7日日本发动太平洋战争后，美国的罗斯福政府正式对日宣战，中国战场成为第二次世界大战的主战场之一。1945年8月15日，日本向包括中国在内的同盟国无条件投降。抗日战争对中国造成了巨大的人员和财产损失，战争过程中民众的国家观念得到了增强，战争的胜利极大的提高了中国在世界舞台上的地位。

战争阶段第一阶段

从1937年7月卢沟桥事变到1938年10月广州、武汉失守，是战略防御阶段。

卢沟桥事变揭开了全国抗战的序幕。当时，日本侵略者把国民党作为主要作战对象，所以由国民党军担负的正面战场是抗击日军进攻的主要战场。在全国抗战初期，国民党表现了一定的抗日积极性，先后进行了平津会战、淞沪会战、忻口会战、徐州会战、太原会战、武汉会战等重要战役，并取得了台儿庄战役的胜利，阻滞了日军的推进，粉碎了日军3个月灭亡中国的狂妄企图。但是，由于国民党在政治上实行单纯依靠政府和军队的片面抗战路线，在军事上则采取单纯防御的战略方针，所以，尽管国民党军队的许多官兵对日军的进攻进行了英勇的抵抗，但正面战场的战局仍非常不利，先后丢失了华北、华中的大片领土，国民政府亦迁都重庆。而中国共产党代表中华民族的根本利益，提出一条依靠人民群众的全面抗战的路线。1937年8月下旬，共产党领导的红军主力改编为国民革命军第八路军，开赴华北抗日前线;10月间，南方各省的红军游击队也改编为新四军，开赴华中前线。八路军和新四军深入敌后，开辟敌后战场，主要从战略上配合国民党军作战。

战争阶段第二阶段

从1938年10月至1943年12月，是战略相持阶段。

随着战局的扩大，战线的延长和长期战争的消耗，日军的财力、物力、兵力严重不足，已无力再发动大规模的战略进攻。敌后游击战争的发展和抗日根据地的扩大，使日军在其占领区内只能控制主要交通线和一些大城市，广大农村均控制在以八路军、新四军为主的中国军队手中。1938年9月，中国共产党召开了六届六中全会，毛泽东提出了中国共产党在民族战争中的地位问题，批判和克服了王明的右倾机会主义路线，坚持了独立自主的原则，保证了抗日战争的胜利进行。在此阶段，日本的侵华方针有了重大变化：逐渐将其主要兵力用于打击在敌后战场的八路军和新四军，而对国民党政府则采取以政治诱降为主的方针。日本侵略军集中了大部分兵力和几乎全部伪军，对中国共产党领导的敌后抗日根据地进行了残酷的“大扫荡”。抗日根据地军民开展了艰苦的斗争，坚决地进行反“扫荡”、反“蚕食”斗争，敌后战场逐渐成为抗日战争的主要战场。在日本政府的诱降下，国民政府内亲日派头子汪精卫公开投降。1940年3月，他在南京成立了伪国民政府，组织伪军，协同日本侵略军进攻抗日根据地。同时，国民党的反共倾向也日渐增长，蒋介石采取“消极抗日，积极反共”的政策，掀起了三次反共高潮，妄图消灭共产党和敌后抗日根据地。中国共产党坚持“发展进步势力，争取中间势力，孤立顽固势力”的方针，领导XX区军民一面抗击日伪军的“大扫荡”，一面打退了国民党的三次反共高潮，巩固和发展了抗日根据地。至1943年12月，日军在兵力严重不足的情况下，被迫收缩战线，华北方面军停止向抗日根据地的进攻。

战争阶段第三阶段

从1944年1月XX区战场局部反攻至1945年8月日本宣布无条件投降，是战略反攻阶段。

1944年，共产党领导的敌后军民在华北、华中、华南地区，对日伪军普遍发起局部反攻。与此同时，国民党正面战场却出现了大溃败的局面，先后丧失了河南、湖南、广西、广东等省的大部分和贵州省的一部。1945年，八路军、新四军向日军发动了大规模的春、夏季攻势，扩大了XX区，打通了许多XX区之间的联系。当时，由于国民党军队主力分散在中国的西南、西北大后方地区，日军占领的大部分城镇、交通要道和沿海地区都处在XX区军民的包围之中，因此全面反攻的任务，自然地主要由敌后抗日根据地的人民军队来进行。1945年5月，苏军攻克柏林，德军正式向盟军投降，第二次世世界大战欧洲战场的战争宣告结束。1945年8月，美国军队在太平洋战场上对日作战胜利，逼近日本本土。8月6日和9日，美国在日本的广岛、长崎投掷了两颗原子弹。

8月8日，苏联政府对日宣战，出兵中国东北。8月9日，毛泽东发表了《对日寇的最后一战》的声明，要求八路军、新四军及其他人民军队，在一切可能的条件下，对一切不愿投降的侵略者及其走狗实行广泛的进攻。1945年8月14日，日本政府照会美、英、苏、中四国政府，宣布接受《波茨坦公告》。8月15日，日本天皇裕仁以广播“终战诏书”的形式正式宣布日本无条件投降。9月2日，日本投降的签字仪式在停泊于日本东京湾的美国战列舰“密苏里号”上举行。9月9日，在南京陆军总部举行的中国战区受降仪式上，日本驻中国侵略军总司令冈村宁次代表日本大本营在投降书上签字，并交出他的随身佩刀，以表示侵华日军正式向中国缴械投降。至此，抗日战争胜利结束。

整个抗日战争期间，中国军队共进行大规模和较大规模的会战22次，重要战役200余次，大小战斗近20万次，总计歼灭日军150余万人、伪军118万人。战争结束时，接收投降日军128万余人，接收投降伪军146万余人。关于八年抗战中国的损失，抗战胜利后，抗战赔偿委员会作出的《中国责令日本赔偿损失之说贴》指出，沦陷区有26省1500余县市，面积600余万平方公里，人民受战争损害者至少在2亿人以上。自1937年7月7日至战争结束，我军伤亡331万多人，人民伤亡842万多人，其他因逃避战火，流离颠沛，冻饿疾病而死伤者更不可胜计。直接财产损失313亿美元，间接财产损失204亿美元，此数尚不包括东北、台湾、海外华侨所受损失及41.6亿美元的军费损失和1000多万军民伤亡损害。此外，七七事变以前中国的损失未予计算;中共敌后抗日所受损失也不在内。经过中国历史学家多年研究考证、计算得出，在抗日战争中，中国军民伤亡共3500多万人，中国损失财产及战争消耗达5600余亿美元。

导语：书是人类进步的阶梯，我们应该多读书，关于读书的励志故事有哪些呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

王充是我国东汉初年具有唯物主义思想和批判精神的杰出的思想家,《论衡》是王充的代表作品，也是中国历史上一部不朽的无神论著作。

来看看这位历史名人的读书故事：

王充少年时代，父亲就去世了。王充竭尽全力奉养母亲，后来到了京城，进太学学习，拜当时着名的学者班彪做老师。他喜欢广泛地阅读，善于抓关键问题，因而进步很快。

王充读书非常专心，理解能力和记忆能力又很强，所以只要读上一遍，就能记住书的主要内容，甚至能够背诵某些精彩的章节。但是，家庭穷困，买不起很多书，为了满足如饥似渴的求知欲，王充想出了一个好办法。当时的洛阳街上有不少书铺，王充便决定把书铺当做他的"图书馆"，每天吃过早饭后，他就带上干粮，到书铺里去阅读出售的书籍。不分春夏秋冬，不论晴天雨天，他读了一册又一册书，跑了一家又一家书家书铺。就这样，他终于读遍了诸子百家的重要着作，掌握了书中的基本精神。

王充由于出身贫苦，因而对自然现象和社会现象的认识，基本上是从劳苦人民实际生活的情况出发的。他在读遍了诸子百家的主要着作之后，对于某些为统治阶级服务的唯心主义的说教深感不满，下决心给予严厉的批判。于是便集中精力独立思考，着手写书。为了不耽误时间、不打断思路，他在住宅的门上、窗上、炉子上、柱子上甚至厕所里，都安放了笔、纸，想一点，写一点，走到哪里，写到哪里。经过长时期的努力，他终于写成了充满着批判精神、闪耀着唯物主义光辉的《论衡》。

心得.启迪

王充读书立志的故事，激励了一代又一代人，他有远大的志向，他那不屈服于贫穷的精神和非凡的的毅力更让人佩服。我们现在的生活条件好了，是不是更应该好好学习，练好本领，将来报效祖国呢?

下面的材料旨在丰富学生在是非问题写作方面的思想和语言，考生在复习时可以先分类阅读这些篇章，然后尝试写相关方面的作文题。

对于素材中用黑体字的部分，特别建议你熟读，背诵，因为它们在语言和观点上都值得吸收。学习语言的人应该明白，表达能力和思想深度都靠日积月累，潜移默化。从某种意义上说，提高英语写作能力无捷径可走，你必须大段背诵英语文章才能逐渐形成语感和用英语进行表达的能力。这一关，没有任何人能代替你过。

因此，建议你下点苦功夫，把背单词的精神拿出来背诵文章。何况，并不是要求你背了之后永远牢记在心：你可以这个星期背，下个星期忘。这没有关系，相信你的大脑具有神奇的能力。背了工具箱里的文章后，你会惊讶的发现：I can think in English now！

1.?????? Proverbs

1. A graduation ceremony is an event where the commencement speaker tells thousands of students dressed in identical caps and gowns that individuality is the key to success.

2. The primary purpose of a liberal education is to make one’s mind a pleasant place in which to spend one’s time.

3. Next in importance to freedom and justice is popular education, without which neither freedom nor justice can be permanently maintained.

4. The classroom--not the trench--is the frontier of freedom now and forevermore.

5. Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one.

6. It is the purpose of education to help us become autonomous, creative, inquiring people who have the will and intelligence to create our own destiny.

7. You see, real ongoing, lifelong education doesn’t answer questions; it provokes them.

8. People will pay more to be entertained than educated.

9.the most important function of education at any level is to develop the personality of the individual and the significance of his life to himself and to others. This is the basic architecture of a life; the rest is ornamentation and decoration of the structure.

10. The essence of our efforts to see that every child has a chance must be to assure each as equal opportunity, not to become equal, but to become different-to realize whatever unique potential of body, mind, and spirit he or she possesses.

11. A great teacher never strives to explain his vision-he simply invites you to stand beside him and see for yourself.

12. If you can read and don’, you are an illiterate by choice.

2. Damaging Research

A study by National Parent-Teacher Organization revealed that in the average American school, eighteen negatives are identified for every positive that is pointed out. The Wisconsin study revealed that when children enter the first grade, 80 percent of them feel pretty good themselves, but by the time they get to the sixth grade, only 10 percent of them have good self-images.

3. Education and Citizenship

An important aspect of education in the United States is the relationship between education and citizenship. Throughout its history this nation has emphasized public education as a means of transmitting democratic values, creating equality of opportunity, and preparing new generations of citizens to function in society. In addition, the schools have been expected to help shape society itself. During the 1950s, for example, efforts to combat racial segregation focused on the schools. Later, when the Soviet Union launched the first orbiting satellite, American schools and colleges came under intense pressure and were offered many incentives to improve their science and mathematics programs so that the nations would not fall behind the Soviet Union in scientific and technological capabilities.

Education is often viewed as a tool for solving social problems, especially social inequality. The schools, t is thought, can transform young people from vastly different backgrounds into competent, upwardly mobile adults. Yet these goals seem almost impossible to attain. In recent years, in fact, public education has been at the center of numerous controversies arising from the gap between the ideal and the reality. Part of the problem is that different groups in society have different have different expectations. Some feel that children should be taught basic job-related skills; still others believe education should not only prepare children to compete in society but also help them maintain their cultural identity (and, in the case of Hispanic children, their language). On the other hand, policymakers concerned with education emphasize the need to increase the level of student achievement and to improve parents in their children’s education.

Some reformers and critics have called attention to the need to link formal schooling with programs designed to address social problems. Sociologist Charles Moscos, for example, is a leader in the movement to expand programs like the Peace Corps, Vista, and Outward Bound into a system of voluntary national service. National service, as Moscos defines it, would entail “the full-time undertaking of public duties by young people whether as citizen soldiers or civilian servers-who are paid subsistence wages” and serve for at least one year. In return for this period of service, the volunteers would receive assistance in paying for college or other educational expenses.

Advocates of national service and school-to-work programs believe that education does not have to be confined to formal schooling. In devising strategies to provide opportunities for young people to serve their society, they emphasize the educational value of citizenship experiences gained outside the classroom. At this writing there is little indication that national service will become a new educational institution in the United States, although the concept is steadily gaining support among educators and social critics.

4. The Teacher’s Role

Given the undeniable importance of classroom experience, sociologists have done a considerable amount of research on what goes on in the classroom. Often they start from the premise that, along with the influence of peers, students’ experiences in the classroom are of central importance to their later development. One study examined the impact of a single first-grade teacher on her students’ subsequent adult status. The surprising results of this study have important implications. It is evident that good teachers can make a big difference in children’s lives, a fact that gives increased urgency to the need to improve the quality of primary-school teaching. The reforms carried out by educational leaders like James Comer suggest that when good teaching is combined with high levels of parental involvement the results can be even more dramatic.

Because the role of the teacher is to change the learner in some way, the teacher-student relationship is an important part of education. Sociologists have pointed out that this relationship is asymmetrical or unbalanced, with the teacher being in a position of authority and the student having little choice but to passively absorb the information provided by the teacher. In other words, in conventional classrooms there is little opportunity for the students to become actively involved in the learning process. On the other hand, students often develop strategies for undercutting the teacher’s authority: mentally withdrawing, interrupting, and the like. Hence, much current research assumes that students and teachers influence each other instead of assuming that the influence is always in a single direction.

5. Education Philosophy

For the past fifty years our schools have operated on the theories of John Dewey (1859-1953), an American educator and writer. Dewey believed hat the school’s job was to enhance the natural development of the growing child, rather than to pour information, for which the child had no context, into him or her. In the Dewey system, the child becomes the active agent in his own education, rather than a passive receptacle for facts.

Consequently, American schools are very enthusiastic about teaching “life skills” –logical thinking, analysis, creative problem--solving. The actual content of the lessons is secondary to the process, which is supposed to train the child to be able to handle whatever life may present, including all the unknowns of the future. Students and teachers both regard pure memorization as an uncreative and somewhat vulgar.

In addition to “life skills”, schools are assigned to solve the ever growing stoke of social problems. Racism, teenage pregnancy, alcoholism, drug use, reckless driving, and are just a few of the modern problems that have appeared on the school curriculum.

This all contributes to a high degree of social awareness in American youngsters.

6. Student Life

To the students, the most notable difference between elementary school and the higher levels is that in junior high they start “changing classes”. This means that rather than spending the day in one classroom, they switch classrooms to meet their different teachers. This gives them three or four minutes between classes in the hallways, where a great deal of the important social action of high school traditionally takes place. Students have lockers in these hallways, around which thy congregate.

Society in general does not take the business of studying very seriously. Schoolchildren have a great deal of free time, which they are encouraged to fill with extracurricular activities—sports, clubs, cheerleading, scouts—supposed to inculcate such qualities as leadership, sportsmanship, ability to organize, etc. those who don’t become engaged in such activities or have afterschool jobs have plenty of opportunity to “hang out”, listen to teenager music, and watch television.

Compared to other nations, American students do not have much homework. Studies also show that American parents have lower expectations for their children’s success in school than other nationalities do. (Historically, there has not been much correlation between American school success and success in later life.) “He’s just not a scholar”, the American parents might say, content that their son is on the swim team and doesn’t take drugs. (Some of the young do choose to study hard, for reason of their own, such as determining that the road to riches lies through Harvard Business School.)

What American schools do effectively teach is the competitive method. In innumerable ways children are pitted against each other—whether in classroom discussion, spelling bees, reading groups, or tests. Every classroom is expected to produce a scattering of A’s and F’s (teachers often grade A=excellent; B=good; C=average; D=poor; and F=failed). A teacher who gives all A’s looks too soft—so students are aware that they are competing for the limited number of top marks.

Foreign students sometimes don’t understand that copying from other people’s papers or from books is considered wrong and taken seriously. Here, it is important to show that you have done your own work and are displaying your own knowledge. It is more important than helping your friends to pass, whom we think do not deserve to pass unless they can provide their own answers. Group effort goes against the competitive grain, and American students do not study together as many Asians do. Many Asians in this country consider their group study habits a large contributor to their school success.

7. Adult Education

After complaining about many aspects of American life, a 40-year-old woman from Hong Kong concluded, “But where else could someone my age go back to school and get a degree in social work? Here you can change your whole life, start a new business, do what you really want to do.”

So at least to this person, school requirements weren’t inhibiting. And to millions of others, adult education is the path to a new career, or if not to a new career, to a new outlook. Schools generally encourage the older person who wants to start anew, and besides regular classes, schedule evening classes in special programs. Today there are so many people of retirement age in college that it is no longer remarkable.

8. Moral Relativism in American

Improving American education requires not doing new things but doing (and remembering) some good old things. At the time of our nation’s founding, Thomas Jefferson listed the requirements for a sound education in the Report of the Commissioners for the University of Virginia. In this landmark statement on American education, Jefferson wrote of the importance of education and writing, and of reading history, and geography. But he also emphasized the need “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests, and duties, as men and citizens.” Jefferson believed education should aim at the improvement of both one’s “morals” and “faculties”. That has been the dominant view of the aims of American education for over two centuries. But a number of changes, most of them unsound, have diverted schools from these great pursuits. And the story of the loss of the school’s original moral mission explains a great deal.

Starting in the early seventies, “values clarification” programs started turning up in schools all over America. According to this philosophy, the schools were not to take part in their time-honored task of transmitting sound moral values; rather, they were to allow the child to “clarify” his own values (which adults, including parents, had no “rights” to criticize). The “values clarification” movement didn’t clarify values; it clarified wants and desires. This form of moral relativism said, in effect, that no set of values was right or wrong; everybody had an equal right to his own values; and all values were subjective, relative, and personal. This destructive view took hold with a vengeance.

In 1985 The York Times published an article quoting New York area educators, in slavish devotion to this new view, proclaiming, “They deliberately avoid trying to tell students what is ethically right and wrong.” The article told of one counseling session involving fifteen high school juniors and seniors. In the course of that session a student concluded that a fellow student had been foolish to return one thousand dollars she found in a purse at school. According to the article, when the youngsters asked the counselor’s opinion, “He told them he believed the girl had done the right thing, but that, of course, he would not try to force his values on them. ‘If I come from the position of what is wrong,’ he explained, ‘then I’m not their counselor.’”

Once upon a time, a counselor offered counselor, and he knew that an adult does not form character in the young by taking a stance of neutrality toward questions of right and wrong or by merely offering “choices” or “options”.

In response to the belief that adults and educators should teach children sound morals, one can expect from some quarters indignant objections (I’ve heard one version of it expressed countless times over the years): “Who are you to say what’s important?” or “Whose standards and judgments do we use?”

The correct response, it seems to me, is, is we ready to do away with standards and judgments? Is anyone going to argue seriously that a life of cheating and swindling is as worthy as a life of honest, hard work? Is anyone (with the exception of some literature professors at our elite universities) going to argue seriously the intellectual corollary, that a Marvel comic book is as good as Macbeth? Unless we are willing to embrace some pretty silly position, we’ve got to admit the need for moral and intellectual standards. The problem is that some people tend to regard anyone who would pronounce a definitive judgment as an unsophisticated Philistine or a closed-minded “elitist” trying to impose his view on everybody else.

The truth of the real world is that without standards and judgments, there can be no progress. Unless we are prepared to say irrational things—that nothing can be proven more valuable than anything else or that everything is equally worthless—we must ask the normative question. It may come, as a surprise to those who fell that to be “progressive” is to be value-neutral. But as Matthew Amold said, “the world is forwarded by having its attention fixed on the best things” and if the world can’t decide what the best things are, at least to some degree, then it follows that progress, and character, is in trouble. We shouldn’t be reluctant to declare that some things, some lives, books, ideas, and values are better than others. It is the responsibility of the schools to teach these better things.

At one time, we weren’t so reluctant to teach them. In the mid-nineteenth century, a diverse, widespread group of crusaders began to work for the public support of what was then called the “common school”, the forerunner of the public school. They were to be charged with the mission of school felt that the nation could fulfill its destiny only if every new generation was taught these values together in a common institution.

The leaders of the common school movement were mainly citizens who were prominent in their communities—businessmen, ministers, local civic and government officials. These people saw the schools as upholders of standards of individual morality and small incubators of civic and personal virtue; the founders of the public schools had faith that public education could teach good moral and civic character from a common ground of American values.

But in the past quarter century or so, some of the so-called experts became experts of value neutrality, and moral education was increasingly left in their hands. The commonsense view of parents and the publicthat schools should reinforce rather than undermine the values of home, family, and country, was increasingly rejected.

There are those today still that claim we are now too diverse a nation, that we consist of too many competing convictions and interests to instill common values. They are wrong. Of course we are a diverse people. We have always been a diverse people. And as Madison wrote in FederalistNo.10, the competing, balancing interests of a diverse people can help ensure the survival of liberty. But there are values that all American citizens share and that we should want all American students to know and to make their own: honesty, fairness, self-discipline, fidelity to task, friends, and family, personal responsibility, love of country, and belief in the principles of liberty, equality, and the freedom to practice one’s faith. The explicit teaching of these values is the legacy of the common schools, and it is a legacy to which we must return.

9. Schools Should Teach Values

People often said, “Yes, we should teach these values, but how do we teach them?” this question deserves a candid response, one that isn’t given often enough. It is by exposing our children to good character and inviting its imitation that we will transmit to them a moral foundation. This happens when teachers and principals, by their words and actions, embody sound convictions. As Oxford’s Mary Warnock has written, “You cannot teach morality without being committed to morality yourself; and you cannot be committed to morality yourself without holding that some things are right and others wrong.” The theologian Martin Buber wrote that the educator is distinguished from all other influences “by his will to take part in the stamping of character and by his consciousness that he represents in the eyes of the growing person a certain selection of what is, the selection of what is ‘right’, of what should be.” It is in this will, Buber says, in this clear standing for something, that the “vocation as an educator finds its fundamental expression.”

There is no escaping the fact that young people need as example principals and teachers who know the difference between right and wrong, good and bad, and who themselves exemplify high moral purpose.

As Education Secretary, I visited a class at Waterbury Elementary School in Waterbury, Vermont, and asked the students, “Is this a good school?” They answered, “Yes, this is a good school.” I asked them, “Why?” Among other things, one eight-year-old said, “The principal Mr. Riegel, makes good rules and everybody obeys them.” So I said, “Give me an example.” And another answered, “You can’t climb on the pipes in the bathroom. We don’t climb on the pipes and the principal doesn’t either.”

This example is probably too simple to please a lot of people who want to make the topic of moral education difficult, but there is something profound in the answer of those children, something education should pay more attention to. You can’t expect children to take messages about rules or morality seriously unless they see adults taking those rules seriously in their day-to-day affairs. Certain must be said, certain limits lay down, and certain examples set. There is no other way.

We should also do a better job at curriculum selection. The research shows that most “values education” exercises and separate courses in “moral reasoning” tend not to affect children’s behavior; if anything, they may leave children morally adrift. Where to turn? I believe our literature and our history are a rich quarry of moral literacy. We should mine that quarry. Children should have at their disposal a stock of examples illustrating what we believe to be right and wrong, good and bad—examples illustrating what are morally right and wrong can indeed be known and that there is a difference.

What kind of stories, historical events, and famous lives am I talking about? If we want our children to know about honesty, we should teach them about Abe Lincoln walking three miles to return six cents and conversely, about Aesop’s shepherd boy who cried wolf if we want them to know about courage, we should teach them about Joan of Arc, Horatius at the bridge, and Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad. If we want them to know about persistence in the face of adversity, they should know about the voyages of Columbus and the character of Washington during the Civil War. And our youngest should be told about the Little Engine That Could. If we want them to know about respect for the law, they should understand why Socrates told Crito: “No, I must submit to the decree of Athens.” If we want our children to respect the rights of others, they should read the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, the Gettysburg Address, and Martin Luther King, Jr.’ “Letter from Birmingham jail.” From the Bible they should know about Ruth’s loyalty to Naomi, Joseph’s forgiveness of his brothers, Jonathan’s friendship with David, the Good Samaritan’s kindness toward a stranger, and David’s cleverness and courage in facing Goliath.

These are only a few of the hundreds of examples we can call on. And we need not get into issues like nuclear war, abortion, creationism, or euthanasia. This may come as a disappointment to some people, but the fact is that the formation of character in young people is educationally a task different from, and prior to, the discussion of the great, difficult controversies of the day. First things come first. We should teach values the same way we teach other things: one step at a time. We should not use the fact that there are many difficult and controversial moral questions as an argument against basic instruction in the subject.

After all, we do not argue against teaching physics because laser physics is difficult, against teaching American history because there are heated disputes about the Founders’ intent. Every field has its complexities and its controversies. And every field has its basics, its fundamentals. So they are too with forming character and achieving moral literacy. As any parent knows, teaching character is a difficult task. But it is a crucial task, because we want our children to be healthy, happy, and successful but decent, strong, and good. None of this happens automatically; there is no genetic transmission of virtue. It takes the conscious, committed efforts of adults. It takes careful attention.

10. College Pressures

Mainly I try to remind that the road ahead is a long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than they think. There will be plenty of time to change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approaches. They don not want to hear such liberating news. They want a map—right now – that they can follow unswervingly to career security, financial security, Social Security and, presumably, a prepaid grave.

What I wish for all students is some release from the clammy grip of the future. I wish them a chance to savor each segment of their education as an experience in itself and not as a grim preparation for the next step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn that defeat is as instructive as victory and is not the end of the world.

My wish, of course, is na?ve. One of the national gods venerated in our media—the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive—and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up old.

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced pressure. It is easy to look around for villains—to blame the colleges for charging too much money, the professors for assigning too much work, the parents for pushing their children too far, and the students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no villains: only victims.

“In the late 1960s.” one dean told me. “The typical question that I got from students was ‘Why is there so much suffering in the world’ or ‘how I can make a contribution?’ Today it’s ‘Do you think it would look better for getting into law school if I did a double major in history and political science, or just majored in one of them?’” many other deans confirmed this pattern. One said: “They are trying to find an edge—the intangible something that will look better on paper if two students are about equal.”

Note the emphasis on looking better. The transcript has become a sacred document, the passport to security. How one appears on paper is more important than how one appears in person. A is for Admirable and B is for Borderline, even though, in Yale’s official system of grading, A means “excellent” and B means “very good.” Today, looking very good is no longer good enough, especially for students who hope to go on to law school or medical school. They know that entrance into the better schools will be an entrance into the better law firms and better medical practices where they will make a lot of money. They also know that the odds are harsh. Yale Law School, for instance, matriculates 170students from an applicant pool of 3,700; Harvard enrolls 550 from a pool of 7,000.

It’s all very well for those of us who write letters of recommendation for our students to stress the qualities of humanity that will make them good lawyers or doctors. And it’s nice to think that admission officers are ready reading our letters and looking for the extra dimension of commitment or concern. Still, it would be hard for a student not to visualize these officers shuffling so many transcripts studded with As that they regard a B as positively shameful.

The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. Long gone are the days of the “gentleman’s C.” when students journeyed through college with a certain relaxation, sampling a wide variety of courses-music, art, philosophy, classics, anthropology, poetry, religion—that would send them out as liberally educated men and women. If I were an employer I would rather employ graduates who have this range and curiosity than those who narrowly pursued safe subjects and high grades. I know countless students whose inquiring minds exhilarate me. I like to hear the play of their ideas. I do not know if they are getting As or Cs, and I do not care. I also like them as people. The country needs them, and they will find satisfying jobs. I tell them to relax. They cannot.

Nor can I blame them. They live in a brutal economy. Tuition, room, and board at most private colleges now come to at least $7,000, not counting books and fees. This might seem to suggest that the colleges are getting rich. But they are equally battered by inflation. Tuition covers only 60 percent of what it costs to educate a student, and ordinarily the remainder comes from what college receives in endowments, grants, and gifts. Now, the remainder keeps being swallowed by the cruel costs—higher every year—of just opening the doors. Heating oil is up. Insurance is up. Postage is up. Health-premium costs are up. Everything is up. Deficits are up. We are witnessing in American the creation of a brotherhood of paupers—colleges, parents, and students, joined by the common bond of debt.

Today it is not unusual for a student, even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer, to accrue $5,000 in loans after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation. Exhorted at commencement to go forth into the world, he is already behind as he goes forth. How could he not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for this day of reckoning? I have used “he,” incidentally, only for brevity. Women at Yale are under no less pressure to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents, and society. In fact, they are probably under more pressure. For although they leave college superbly equipped to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society has not yet caught up with this fact.

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined.

I see many students taking pre-medical courses with joyless tenacity. They go off to their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me because I know tem in other corners of their life as cheerful people.

“Do you want to medical school?” I asked them.

“I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or “Not really.”

“Then why are you going?”

“Well, my parents want me to be a doctor. They are paying all this money and …”

Poor students, poor parents, they are caught in one of the oldest webs of love and duty and guilt. The parents mean will; they are trying to steer their sons and draughts toward a secure future. But the sons and daughter want to major in history or classics or philosophy—subjects with no “practical” value. Where’s the payoff on the humanities? It’s not easy to persuade such loving parents that the humanities do indeed pay off. The intellectual faculties developed by studying subjects like history and classics—an ability to synthesize and relate, to weigh cause and effect, to see events in perspective—are just the faculties that make creative leaders in business or almost any general field. Still, many fathers would rather put their money on courses that point toward specific profession—courses that are pre-law, pre-medical, pre-business, or, as I sometimes heard it put, “pre-rich.”

But the pressure on students is severe. They are truly torn. One part of them feels obliged to fulfill their parents’ expectations; after all, their parents are older and presumably wiser. Another part tells them that the expectations that are right for their parents are not right for them.

I know a student who wants to be an artist. She is very obviously an artist and will be a good one—she has already had several modest local exhibits. Meanwhile she is growing as a well-round person and taking humanistic subjects that will enrich the inner resources out of which her art will grow. But her father is strongly opposed. He thinks that an artist is a “dumb” thing to be. The student vacillates and tries to please everybody. She keeps up with her art somewhat furtively and takes some of the “dumb” courses her father wants her to take—at least they are dumb courses for her. She is a free spirit on a campus of tense students—no small achievement in it—and she deserves to follow her muse.

Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also intertwined, and they begin almost at the beginning of freshman year.

“I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,” one dean told me, “who came in and said she was under terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter and studied all the time. I could not tell her that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing about Linda.”

The story is almost funny—except that it is not. It is symptomatic of all the pressure put together. When every student thinks every other student is working harder and doing better, the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it closes at midnight. I wish they would sometimes forget about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the clacking of typewriters in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get everything done?”

Probably they won’t. They will get blocked. They will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug out.

Part of the problem is that they are expected to do. A professor will assign five page papers. Several students will start writing ten page papers to impress him. Then more students will write ten page papers, and a few will raise the ante to fifteen. Pity the poor student who is still just doing the assignment.

“Once you have twenty or thirty percent of the student population deliberately overexerting,” one dean points out, “It’s bad for everybody. When a teacher gets more and more effort from his class, the student who is doing normal work can be perceived as not doing well. The tactic work, psychologically.”

Why cannot the professor just cut back and not accept longer papers? He can, and he probably will. But by then the term will be half over and the damage done. Grade fever is highly contagious and not easily reversed. Besides, the professor’s main concern is with his course. He knows his students only in relation to the course and does not know that they are also overexerting in their other courses. Nor is it really his business. He did not sign up for dealing with the student as a whole person and with all the emotional baggage the student brought along from home. That’s what deans, masters, chaplains, and psychiatrists are for.

To some extent this is nothing new: a certain number of professors have always been self-contained islands of scholarship and shyness, more comfortable with books than with people. But the new pauperism has widened the gap still further, for professors who actually like to spend time with students do not have as much time to spend. They are also overexerting. If they are young, they are busy trying to publish in order not to perish, hanging by their figure nails onto a shrinking profession.

If they are old and tenured, they are buried under the duties of administering departments—as departmental chairmen or members of committees—that have been thinned out by the budgetary axe.

Ultimately it will be the students’ own business to break the circles in which they are trapped. They are too young to be prisoners of their parents’ dreams and their classmates’ fears. They must be jolted into believing into themselves as unique men and women who have the power to shape their own future.

“Violence is being done to the undergraduate experience,” says Carlos Hortas. “College should be open-ended: at the end it should open many, many roads. Instead, students are choosing their goal in advance, and their choices narrow as they go along. It’s almost as if they think that the country has been codified in the type of jobs that exist-that they’ve got to fit into certain slots. Therefore, fit into the best paying slot.”

“They ought to take chances. Not taking chances will lead to life of colorless mediocrity. They’ll be comfortable. But something in the spirit will be missing.”

I have painted too drab a portrait of today’s students, making them seem a solemn lot. That is only half of their story; if they were so dreary I wouldn’t so thoroughly enjoy their company. The other half is that they are easy to like. They are quick to laugh and to offer friendship. They are not introverts. They are usually kind and are more considerate of one another than any student generation I have known.

Nor are they so obsessed with their studies that they avoid sports and extracurricular activities. On the contrary, they juggle their crowded hours to play on a variety of teams, perform with musical and dramatic groups, and write for campus publications. But this in turn is one more cause of anxiety. There are too many choices. Academically, they have 1,300 courses to select from; outside class they have to decide how much spare time they can spare and how to spend it.

This means that they engage in fewer extracurricular pursuits than their predecessors did. If they want to row on the crew and play in the symphony they will eliminate one; in the ‘60s they would have done both. They also tend to choose activities that are self-limiting. Drama, for instance, is flourishing in all twelve of Yale’s residential colleges, as it never has before. Students hurl themselves into these productions—as actors, directors, carpenters, and technicians—with a dedication to create the best possible play, knowing that the day will come when the run will end and they can get back to their studies.

They also cannot afford to be the willing slave of organizations like the Yale Daily News. Last spring at the one-hundredth anniversary banquet of that paper—who’s past chairmen include such once and future kings as Potter Stewart, Kingman Brewster, and William F. Buckley, Jr.—much was made of the fact that the editorial staff used to be small and totally committed and that “newsies” routinely worked fifty hours a week. In effect they belonged to a club; Newsies is how they defined themselves at Yale. Today’s students will one or two articles a week, when he can, and he defines himself as a student. I’ve never heard the word Newsie except at the banquet.

If I have described the modern undergraduate primarily as a driven creature who is largely ignoring the blithe spirit inside who keeps trying to come out and play, it’s because that’s where the crunch is, not only at Yale but throughout American education. It’s why I think we should all be worried about the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.

I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get ahead—that each of them is a different person, starting from a different point and bound for a different destination. I tell neither them that change is a tonic and that all the slots are not codified nor the frontiers closed. One of my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who have achieved success outside the academic world to come and talk informally with my students during the year. They are heads of companies or ad agencies, editors of magazines, politicians, public officials, television magnates, labor leaders, business executives, Broadway products, artists, writers, economists, photographers, scientists, historians—a mixed bag of achievers.

I asked them to say a few words about how they got started. The students assume that they started in their present profession and knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. Luckily for me, most of them got into their field by a circuitous route, to their surprise, after many detours. The students are startled. They can hardly conceive of a career that was not pre-planned. They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to nudge them down some unforeseen trail.

11. To Err Is Wrong

In the summer of 1979, Boston Red Sox first baseman Carl Yastrzemski became the fifteenth player in baseball history to reach the three thousand hit plateaus. This event drew a lot of media attention, and for about a week prior to the attainment of this goal, hundreds of reports covered Yaz’s every more. Finally, one reporter asked, “Hey Yaz, aren’t you afraid all of this attention will go to your head?” Yastrzemski replied, “I look at this way: in my career I’ve been up to bat over ten thousand times. That means I’ve been unsuccessful at the plate over seven thousand times. That fact alone keeps me from getting a swollen head.”?

Most people consider success and failure as opposites, but they are actually both products of the same process. As Yaz suggest, an activity that produces a hit may also produce a miss. It is the same with creative thinking; the same energy that generates good creative ideas also produces errors.

Many people, however, are not comfortable with errors. Our educational system, based on “the right answer” belief, cultivates our thinking in another, more conservative way. From an early age, we are taught that right answers are good and incorrect answers are bad. This value is deeply embedded in the incentive system used in most schools:

Right over 90% of the time = “A”

Right over 80% of the time = “B~”

Right over 70% of the time = “C~” Right over 60% of the time = “D~” Less than 60% correct, you fail.

From this we learn to be right as often as possible and to keep our mistakes to a minimum. We learn, in other words, that “to err is wrong.

Playing It Safe

With this kind of attitude, you aren’t going to be taking too many chances. If you learn that failing even a litter penalizes you (e.g., being wrong only 15% of the time garners you only a “B” performance), you learn not to make mistakes. And more important, you learn not to put yourself to situation where you might fall. This leads to conservative thought pattern designed to avoid the stigma our society puts on “failure”.

I have a friend who recently graduated from college with a Master’s degree in Journalism. For the last six month, she has been trying to find a job, but to no avail. I talked with her about situation, and realized that her problem is that she doesn’t know how to fail. She went through eighteen years of schooling to try any approaches where she might fail. She has been conditioned to believe that failure is bad in and of itself, rather than a potential stepping-stone to new ideas.

Look around. How many middle managers, housewives, administrators, teachers, and other people do you see who are to try anything new because of this failure? Most of us have learned not to make mistakes in public. As a result, we remove ourselves from many learning experience except for those occurring in the most private of circumstances.

Different Logic

From a practical point of view, “to err is wrong” makes sense. Our survival in the everyday world requires us to perform thousand of small tasks without failure. Think about it: you wouldn’t last very long if you were to step out in front of traffic or stick your hand a pot of boiling water. In addition, engineers whose bridges collapse, stock brokers who lose money for their clients, and copywriters whose ad campaigns decrease sales won’t keep their jobs very long.

Nevertheless, too great an adherence to the belief “to err is wrong” can greatly undermine your attempts to generate new ideas. If you are more concerned with producing right answers than generating original ideas, you’ll probably make uncritical use of the rules, formulae, and procedures used to obtain these right answers. By doing this, you’ll by-pass the germinal phase of the creative process, and thus spend litter time testing assumptions, challenging the rules, asking what-if questions, or just playing around with the problem. All of these techniques will produce some incorrect answers, but in the germinal phase errors are viewed as a necessary by-product of creative thinking. As Yaz would put it, “if you want the hits, be prepared for the misses.” That’s the way the game of life goes.

Errors as Stepping Stones

Whenever an error pops up, the usual response is “Jeez, another screw up, what went wrong this time?” the creative thinker, on the other hand, will realize the potential value of errors, and perhaps say something like, “Would you look at that! Where can it lead our thinking?” and then he or she will go on to use the error as a stepping stone to a new idea. As a matter of fact, the whole history of discovery is filed with people who used erroneous assumptions and failed ideas as stepping-stones to new ideas. Columbus thought he was finding a shorter route to India. Johannes Kepler stumbled on to the idea of interplanetary gravity because of assumptions that were right for the wrong reasons. And, Thomas Edison knew 1800 ways not to build a light bulb.

The following story about the automotive genius Charles Kettering exemplifies the spirit of working through erroneous assumptions to good ideas. In 1912, when the automobile industry was just beginning to grow, Kettering was interested in improving gasoline engine efficiency. The problem he faced was“knockthe phenomenon in which gasoline takes too long to burn in the cylinder-thereby reducing efficiency.

Kettering began searching for ways to eliminate the “knock.” He thought to him, “How can I get the gasoline to combust in the cylinder at an earlier time?” the key concept here is “early”. Searching for analogous situations, he looked around for models of “things that happen early.” He thought of historical models, physical models, and biological models. Finally, he remembered a particular plant, the trailing arbutus, which “happens early,” i.e., it blooms in the snow (“earlier” than other plants). One of this plant’s chief characteristics is its’ red leaves, which help the plant retain light at certain wavelengths. Kettering figured that it must be the red color, which made the trailing arbutus bloom earlier.

Now came the critical step in Kettering’s chain of thought. He asked himself, “How can I make the gasoline red?” perhaps I’ll put red dye in the gasoline—maybe that’ll make it combust earlier.” He looked around his workshop, and found that he didn’t have any red dye. But he did happen to have some iodine—perhaps that would do. He added the iodine to the gasoline and, lo and behold, the engine didn’t “knock”.

[英语作文写作的需要背诵的部分

导语：书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的关于喜爱读书的中考写作素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.敏而好学，不耻下问。——孔子

2.书读百遍，其义自见。——陈寿

3.劳于读书，逸于作文。——程端礼

4.读书好，多读书，读好书。——冰心

5.读书忌死读，死读钻牛角。——叶圣陶

6.读万卷书，行万里路。——刘彝

7.书犹药也，善读之可以医愚。——刘向

8.书卷多情似故人，晨昏忧乐每相亲。——于谦

9.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。——孔子

10.读书有三到：谓心到，眼到，口到。——朱熹

11.发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书。——苏轼

12.立志宜思真品格，读书须尽苦功夫。——阮元

13.书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。——陆游

14.旧书不厌百回读，熟读精思子自知。——苏轼

15.书痴者文必工，艺痴者技必良。——蒲松龄

16.读书之乐乐陶陶，起并明月霜天高。——朱熹

17.知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子

18.求学将以致用，读书先在虚心。——佚名

19.读书也像开矿一样“沙里淘金”。——赵树理

20.与有肝胆人共事，从无字句处读书。——周恩来

21.我们读书越多，就越发现我们是无知的。——雪莱

22.不读书的人，思想就会停止。——狄德罗

23.早知今日读书是，悔作从前任侠非。——李欣

24.读书如行路，历险毋惶恐。—— 《清诗铎·读书》

25.外物之味，久则可厌;读书之味，愈久愈深。——程颐

26.凿壁偷光，聚萤作囊;忍贫读书，车胤匡衡。——许名奎

27.水滴集多成大海，读书集多成学问。——佚名

28.索取，只有在一个场合才能越多越好，那就是读书。——佚名

29.吃饭不嚼不知味，读书不想不知意。——佚名

30.造烛求明，读书求理。——佚名

31.读书对于智慧，就像体操对于身体一样。——(英国)谚语

32.交一个读书破万卷的邪士，不如交一个不识一字的端人。——《格言联璧》

33.读书不趁早，后来徒悔懊。—— 《清诗铎·趁早歌》

34.磋砣莫遗韶光老，人生惟有读书好。——《宋诗纪要》

35.至乐莫如读书，至要莫如教子。—— 《增广贤文》

36.三人行，必有我师也。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。——孔子

37.三日不读，口生荆棘;三日不弹，手生荆棘。——清·朱舜水《答野节问》

38.熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙《唐诗三百首序》

39.好读书，不求甚解。每有会意，便欣然忘食。——陶渊明

40.读书是易事，思索是难事，但两者缺一，便全无用处。——(美国)富兰克林

41.读书使人充实，思考使人深邃，交谈使人清醒。——(美国)富兰克林

42.读书志在圣贤，为官心存君国。——朱用纯

43.读书时，我愿在每一个美好思想的面前停留，就像在每一条真理面前停留一样。——爱默生

44.光明给我们经验，读书给我们知识。——奥斯特洛夫斯基

45.读书是我惟一的娱乐，我不把时间浪费于酒店、赌博或任何一种恶劣的游戏。——(美国)富兰克林

46.读书以过目成诵为能，最是不济事。——郑板桥

47.盛年不重来，一日难再晨。及时当勉励，岁月不待人。——陶渊明

48.读书如饭，善吃饭者长精神，不善吃者生疾病。——章学诚

49.素食则气不浊;独宿则神不浊;默坐则心不浊;读书则口不浊。——曾国藩

50.读书无疑者，须教有疑，有疑者，却要无疑，到这里方是长进。——朱熹

作文的写作过程中我们经常用到一些课文里面的素材，比如诗歌名句，以及文章句子等。下面是语文迷网整理提供的课文素材，一起来看看吧。

1. 曹操《短歌行》：领兵南征北战，渴望一统天下，然而，人生苦短，人才难求，叹一声“周公吐哺，天下归心”。

2. 《梦游天姥吟留别》李白，这个飘逸的诗意不羁的坎坷的诗人，飘然把自己的理想浪漫在天姥山的上空。

3. 白居易《琵琶行》：商人的爱情总是站在天平上，对女子而言，一边是悠闲，一边是伤悲。于江州司马，泣的是否就是自己的影子。

4. 王维《山居秋暝》： “随意春芳歇，王孙自可留”在自己的诗画意境中，随意的撷取山村一片明月，看村姑浣衣，看莲动下渔舟，看人间的溪云起落。

5. 杜甫《登高》《蜀相》《兵车行》： 百年多病之躯，历经沧桑，用浑浊的的泪眼，凄凉的心境，悲万里清秋，怜天下苍生，以沙鸥的姿势深沉栖在顿挫之中。

6. 李煜《虞美人》：春花秋月已是梦中的往事，朱颜的凋落犹如昨夜的风雨，打湿了曾经的美好，梦醒时分，愁如春水。

7. 《再别康桥》:现实与天堂的距离，理想与黑暗的反差，曾经的回忆是最美丽的温暖，于是，你轻轻的招手，悄悄的挥袖，感叹一声，竟成了文学史上经典的徐氏康桥.

8. 李乐薇《我的空中楼阁》：水泥森森挤兑了人们的心灵空间，李乐薇诗意的将精神家园建上空中，建在远离了车马之喧的眉黛之山。

9. 史铁生《我与地坛》：不能承受生命之痛，残疾的躯体，在轮椅上思考，从大自然中得到启示，死是一个必然降临的节日，应该健康的活着，恪守并遵循生命的轨迹。

10. 马丁.德金《我有一个梦想》：用爱搽亮种族的锈区域，用仁慈图绘种族的灰色彩，告诉人们，什么是自由、民主、平等与光明，用最嘹亮的歌喉唱响古老的黑人灵歌。

11. 史怀哲《我的呼吁》： “非洲之父”，一个充满理想的法国男人，一生致力于非洲的医疗事业，挽救人的生命的同时，还不断地呼吁，请敬畏生命，谱写了一曲高昂的生命之歌。

12. 鲁迅《〈呐喊〉自序》：国人精神的麻木石作者心中难以言表的伤痛，清醒者的呐喊换来的虽是一天一天成长起来的寂寞。可老槐树下，依然有毁坏铁屋子的希望，依然有撑起民族的脊梁。

13. 《〈宽容〉序言》：谁能走出宁静地无知山谷，走出自我的早已习惯的幸福，在荆棘的路途开拓新的天地，用生命换来残酷的光阴，即使血色，也为后来人重重的记下你平凡的名字，不平凡的形象。

14. 《〈名人〉序言》： “我愿证明，凡是行为善良与高尚的人，定能因之而担当患难”贝多芬：这个在用音乐舞蹈精神的男人，将生活的苦难看到一粒灰尘，看一眼就轻轻地弹去，弹去一地纯洁。

15. 《烛之武退秦师》： 烛之武看清局势，胸有成竹，舍身救国。

16. 《勾践灭吴》： 勾践矢志不移，存恤爱民，终于流芳百世。

17. 荀子《劝学》：“学不可以已”学习是人生的必须得生存方式，要爱学还要善学。

18. 鲁迅《为了忘却的纪念》： 用青年的激情演绎文学的人生，用带刺的思想指向敌人的心脏，可墨黑的夜让红色的血液流淌不止，让鲁迅的悲伤流淌不止。让我们也悲伤不止。

19. 《读》：九个故事从不同的角度，或演绎或推理或改变条件，读出不同的新意。你的寓言呢?

20. 魏征《谏太宗十思疏》：良臣还是明君，爱民还是暴民，忧思还是安逸，你看到了什么?

21. 王勃《滕王阁序》：江水悠悠，历史悠悠，可生命短暂如虹;刹那间的辉煌造就了一部历史文化，后人只有仰望，悲嘘。

22. 韩愈《师说》：天、地、君、亲、师，所谓“师”者，父母也。传道、授业、解惑。师，是一道过河的桥，一叶渡江的舟，呕心沥血，只为让学生走的更远飞的更高。古人尊师，后人呢?

23. 杜牧《阿房宫赋》：秦国，永远的强者，永远的辉煌，可也是永远的奢靡的笑柄。于是告诉人们，俭守天下，爱民应如子。

24. 苏洵《六国论》：占六国天时、地利，却不占人和，面对强者，请直起自己的胸膛，无使积威之所劫!

25. 王安石《游褒禅山记》： 世之奇伟，诡怪，非常之观，常在于险远，人之所罕至。无限风光在险峰!

26. 归有光《项脊轩记》： 轩室里的温馨，弥漫着血浓于水的亲情。爱情深似海，如树，亭亭如盖矣。

27. 契诃夫《装在套子里的人》： 雨伞、雨衣、车篷、床帐等别里可夫的“套子”，五花八门，他躲在里面战战兢兢的生活，并让人恐惧、窒息。笑过之后，看看你的套子。

28. 沈从文《边城》： 田园式的茶桐养育好纯洁的爱情，还有朴素真挚的人性，那一把虎耳草会随着山歌悠扬在有明月的夜空。

29. 孙犁《荷花淀》： 诗意的荷花淀没有残酷的战争，只有崇高的纯美的朴素爱情，只有唯美的喜悦和家国之爱。

30. 鲁迅《药》： 透过舐犊情深的爱，我们看到了野蛮、愚昧、凶残、*猾等社会画卷，当然，还有希望。药，能医好愚昧的人们和扭曲的社会吗?

31. 莫泊桑《项链》：生活总是戏剧性的，上帝给了你美貌的同时也给了你虚伪，给了你虚伪，给了你真诚，也给了你枯萎。

32. 《守财奴》：金钱的温暖能换来亲情的依偎，镀金的十字架里可以有向往的天堂。

33. 曹雪芹《林黛玉进贾府》：娴静时如娇花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。

34. 罗贯中《失街亭》：智者千虑也有一失，一步不慎，岐山之功毁于一旦，看来感情的亲疏影响事物的成败。还好，能对事不对人，为肃军纪，忍痛割爱，不过，以泪水换取，那马谡呢。

35. 龚自珍《病梅馆记》：梅树的残疾，是人思想的残疾还是社会的扭曲，龚自珍感叹一声，疗梅，请老天“不拘一格降人才”。

36. 屈原《离骚》： 为国的忠贞，虽九死犹未悔，以香草，芰荷为裳。只可惜，在小人*诈，君王昏庸的压迫下，“美政”的理想化作汨罗江上的一道忠魂，五千年来，飘在每年阴历的五月初五。

37. 《孔雀东南飞》：爱情的美好让人间的每一个凡夫俗子铭刻骨髓，可封建礼教残酷的竟让一个天地男子柔软如丝。双双徇情，夜夜啼鸣。

38. 陶渊明《归园田居》《归去来兮辞》： 不为五斗米折腰，毅然跳出尘网，守拙归园，从此，构建文人的“乌托邦”式的理想的精神的桃花源，为多少仕子诗意栖居筑上一道篱笆。

39. 柳永《雨霖铃》：登科落第，对长亭晚，满腔心绪化作千种风情，执纤纤细手，酒醒处，伤感冷落飘零。

40. 《死水》: 如火的热情，表达的却是零度的冰冷，铜绿的翡翠，锈满的竟是伤心的冷艳，满眼的繁华理想，看到的是一汪绝望的死水，忍不住大痛哭一声：我的中国。

41. 普希金《致大海》:用诗人的激情战斗，即使换来的是溪流般的磕磕碰碰，也绝不回头，目光指向大海的自由与光明，用生命刻在剑锋上的光芒，追求至高无上的爱情，即使命丧黄泉，也依然活在情深处。

42. 舒婷的诗：五百年的繁华绿意，五百年的肃穆愁眉，用前世一万次擦身而过，换取今生的一次回眸。望夫崖的忧伤化作滔滔的江水。

43. 海子《面朝大海，春暖花开》： 尘世的忧伤化作优美的诗句，个人的感伤上升到人类的关怀，愿每个人都有一个灿烂的前程，却把自己拒绝在面朝大海，春暖花开的天堂之外。

44. 朱自清《荷塘月色》: 外面的世界的光线很暗，于是，走进清华园看河塘，用淡淡的喜悦淡淡的忧伤从文学的门廊走过。

45. 李清照《一剪梅》：国仇家恨，婚难业孤，黄花秋月中寻寻觅觅，凄风哭雨成一座乱世中的极致美神。

46. 辛弃疾《永遇乐》： 金人的铁蹄踏破中原，也踏痛了多少爱国志士的忠魂。曾经，横枪槊马，金戈铮铮，气吞万里;而今，斜阳草树，雨打风流，往事不堪回首。

47. 姜夔《扬州慢》：春风扬州，繁华似锦，翠柳堆烟，自胡马窥江，水寒山瘦，冷月无声，梢问一声，桥边红药，谁赋深情。

导语：.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!以下是yuwenmi小编为大家精心整理的缅怀先烈的句子摘抄，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

1.没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

2.“桃花红雨英雄血，碧海丹霞志士心。今日神州看奋起，陵园千古慰忠魂!”

3.每次望见五星红旗，就想到你们，各位先烈，是你们的献血染红了它!

4.走近革命义士留念碑，烙印着他们每一个人动摇的信奉!这时，我面前映现了黄继光的高大形象!

5.向革命先烈致敬!感谢先烈们用生命和鲜血换来我们今天的幸福生活!生的伟大，死的光荣!你们的精神永垂不朽!

6.我们手捧鲜花，泪雨洒在了鲜花，给鲜花洒上了一层悲痛。我们悄悄地瞻仰着，深切怀念革命好汉们。

7.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点，我也因此对他们产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

8.在中国这方热土上，有无数仁人志士，为了民族的解放国家的独立和人民的幸福，抛头颅洒热血，谱写了一篇篇悲壮激越的历史篇章。

9.缅怀革命先烈，黄继光董存瑞还有许多革命先烈，他们为了我们美好的生活，拼死拼活，我们要永远记住它们。没有他们就没有我们今天的美好幸福的生活。我们要好好学习，为国争光。

10.义勇军进行曲当着优美激昂的旋律在耳畔响起，你是否想过，今天我们的幸福生活是谁为我们开阔的，那就是我们革命先烈辛苦奋斗得来的，他们用了多少革命烈士的献血换来的幸福生活，换来我们祖国的繁荣富强。

11.我们怀着悲痛而沉重的心情来到南山寺烈士陵园，缅怀为了祖国的解放和人民的安宁而英勇牺牲的战士，瞻仰他们的丰功伟绩。烈士陵园是那么庄严肃穆，让人不由得肃然起敬。我们先排好了整齐的队伍，然后按要求站好队，认真地聆听主持人的致词。我抬头瞻仰墓碑，墓碑上写者：革命烈士永垂不朽!我想，如果世界上有永垂不朽，那么我相信那是一种精神不悔。我们的先烈们就有这样的不悔，不悔为革命的付出。所以，他们理应受到敬仰!

12.这一座座的墓碑，就代表着一份份的忠诚。他们拼命的战斗难道不是为了祖国的明天，祖国的未来吗?红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话--他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

13.我们的幸福生活是来之不易的，是靠先辈们的辛苦奋战才得来的，是经历许许多多场战争才换来我们美好的今天，才换来我们今天的幸福生活，先烈们的奉献是无私的，是伟大的，更是无可取代的。让我们从现在开始，把先烈的这种精神传扬下去。开创我们更美好的明天。

14.青山来自于土壤，大海来自于溪流，高楼来自于地基，生命来自于母亲。一切有因有果，而我们中国的现在来自于先烈。我心中有一份感激，我无法用语言来表达，但是用最朴实的语句来说：“谢谢!”

15.是他们的生命换来了中国繁荣的今天，是他们的鲜血染红了遍地的桃花。我们怎能忘记这一段段可歌可泣的悲壮史诗?我们怎能忘记那一张张曾经鲜活的面容?让我们静静的追思，深深地缅怀，把最深情的思念和最崇高的敬意，寄托在这鲜花中，让它陪伴在先烈的左右。

16.革命先烈们，你们为人民的利益而死，你们的死重于泰山，你们与青山同在，你们与大地永存。你们永远是我们心中的一块丰碑。

17.我热爱他们，我赞扬他们，我崇敬他们。他们为了革命的事业，抛头颅洒热血，在帝国主义列强的残暴折磨中，他们没有透露半点消息，宁愿死也要守住党的秘密，他们宁愿做光荣牺牲英雄，也不愿做苟且偷生的叛徒，这就是我们中国烈士的特点。

18.向烈士致敬，是您唤醒了沉睡的中国，是您用鲜血开启了一个新的纪元，您们是中华民族的骄傲，是中华民族的象征。我们更应该珍惜现在的生活，为祖国的繁荣昌盛而奋斗!

19.无数的革命先烈抛头颅，撒热血，用鲜血和生命换来我们今天的幸福生活，我要好好学习，珍惜今天的幸福生活，把我们祖国建设的更加繁荣富强!

20.又是一年的清明节，我们在这里缅怀先烈。我们要争做文明学生，创建文明校园。在这些先辈面前，立下不悔誓言，请举起右手，让我们一起宣誓：热爱祖国追求真理，立志成为“有理想有道德有文化有纪律”的一代新人，遵守学生道德行为规范，诚实守信，严格自律，树立良好学风，做一个有道德的人，将来为祖国的繁荣富强作出贡献!

21.我对革命烈士产生了无限的敬佩，无限的感慨，我也要因此而赞扬他们，他们是我们中国人民的感谢者，他们是神圣的，没有人能取代他们。在我的眼里，他们是光明的象征，他们是战胜一切的力量。

22.炮声隆隆硝烟洋溢，一个个战士奋勇争先地跟敌人拼命时间如流水，一下子就愉到了拂晓，只见一个身影刚强地向火力点爬去，就在那最后一刻，他张开双臂，向炎力点猛扑从前，用本人的胸膛堵住了敌人的枪口，时光就定格在这一霎时，他是谁?他就是--黄继光。

23.清明节是一个悼念的日子，清明雨纷纭，淅沥不停，那是天在哭，那是每一个人怀念眼泪，走近烈士纪念碑，我们仰望---看到的不是一个普一般通的一片气象，月夜下，好像看到峥嵘岁月中的一个豪杰身影……

24.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。没有人能动摇他们坚强的意志，他们是伟大的，崇敬的，他们是真正的英雄。

25.在烈士墓前我们怀着崇敬的心情，瞻仰烈士陵园。烈士陵园里的树木高大威猛，四季常青。那一棵棵树木就代表着一位位战士，赞扬了他们就不屈服，为了革命的斗争事业，宁愿牺牲自己的伟大精神，他们就像这些树，无论经历多少严寒酷暑，都还是一动不动的屹立着。

26.谢谢你们为了我们更好滴生活，献出了宝贵的生命。我们会好好珍惜，努力学习你们的精神。将来长大后把我们的国家建设的更加美丽!

27.在米高的纪念碑上写着周恩来总理的题词“革命烈士永世长存”我们就在那里举行了主题大队会，歌声是那么响亮，朗读是那么蜜意，吹奏是那么悦耳，我们无比的冲动，默默地告慰着我们心中的英雄。

28.我热爱烈士，热爱祖国，我为自己是中国人而感到骄傲自豪。我将永远的把自己的一生奉献给祖国。中国有辉煌的历史，有铁一般的热血男儿，有着那种致死不悔的精神，我要做一个堂堂正正的中国人，我祖国的未业而奉献一切。我是革命烈士的后继者，我一生的求学难道不是为了这个目的吗?作为身为中国人的我，去继承先烈的遗志是理所当然的。我真想像烈士那样，做到永垂不朽。我这个报效祖国的决心是无法动摇的。

29.一进摆设馆，最抢眼的就是那幅大型油画，画的是红军步队正在艰巨的爬着山峰，战士们的脚下都是万丈深渊，稍有不慎就会损失性命，可是兵士们并不被艰苦吓倒，他们咬着牙，艰苦的向上爬着爬着，永往直前。

30.今天的鸟语花香，源于您满腔的热血;今天农民伯伯的五谷丰收，是您金灿灿的心愿……我们不能忘记，我们怎能忘记。烈士们的抛头颅，洒热血。安息吧!成睡在地下的英烈们!你们是不朽的，即使再沉睡上一万年，也永远会被人们流传下去!

31.红军战士长途跋涉，都在步步泥泞的路上走着，他们没有松懈过，一生都在拯救祖国，保卫祖国。没有他们，哪来如今的美好的家园，哪业如今的富裕生活，他们是创使者，他们尊敬他们是理所当然的。多少年来，有多少人赞扬过他们，他们百折不挠，奉献生命，为了革命的斗争而光荣殉职，总之，一句话他们生的伟大，死的光荣。

32.只要想着这些革命先烈，我就会觉得自己是多么的美好，在这个富裕的社会主义国家中，我是多么的美满和幸福，而在那个艰苦的斗争社会中，哪有如此美好的生活。我要郑重的烈士们说：“伟大的革命先烈们，你们的斗争胜利了，我们青一代少年将再次继承你们努力开辟下来的光辉道路，我们将要去建设祖国的明天，我会认真的学习，学好本领，长在后再继续工作建设祖国，你们安歇吧!我会努力去做的，我敬爱的烈士们。

33.年年祭扫先人墓，处处有犹长春风，学习先烈革命精神，为振兴中华建功立业，不忘烈士抛忠骨，民族复兴中国梦。清明节到了，今天是无数革命先烈用鲜血和革命换来的，没有你们，我们的祖国也不会繁荣昌盛，我要好好学习。没有你们的英勇献身，就没有我们今天的幸福生活!是你们用铮铮铁骨，托起明天的太阳!是你们用不屈不挠的大无畏，铸就祖国的辉煌!你们的英名永垂不朽，你们的精神万古长青!向你们致敬!向你们学学习!

导语：国际企业家联合总会授予李晓华“最具世界影响力的中国企业领袖”称号。那么关于他背后的故事你了解多少呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的中考作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

美国福布斯杂志曾连续五年评选他为中国最富有的企业家。人们关注最多的，是他在马来西亚辉煌的发迹史。只是很少有人知道，他的情义和传奇经历，源于44份带着一个普通人爱心的晚报——

1990年，一位喜欢冒险的中国青年来到马来西亚。来这之前，青年已经身家过亿。他打听到，这儿发现了一个大型油气田，准备修一条高级公路。如果这个项目成功，则会带来公路两边的土地大幅度升值。

经过仔细分析之后，青年做出了一生中最冒险的一个决定：利用所有资产担保向银行贷款，拿到公路两边土地的开发权。

4个多月过去了，油气田的立项依然没有结果。青年如坐针毡。这时候，他手间的盘缠已经所剩无几，住所由五星级酒店搬到四星级，再到三星级，最后连旅馆也住不起了。为了省钱，他打算租用旅馆的一个小仓库，每天只吃最便宜的盒饭，再找机会偷偷溜到旅馆的大厅里看当天的晚报。

仓库的管理员是一位老华侨，看到他的处境，非常同情，不仅免了他租仓库的钱，每天还将自己订的一份晚报带给他看。这样的日子一晃过了44天，青年的心也一天天走向绝望，连自杀的想法也有了。那天，青年意外地得知老华侨并不识字，这44份晚报是特意为他买的，顿时心里一热，仿佛看到一线温暖的光，将自己从死亡的边缘拉了回来。晚上，他认真地翻看着报纸，其中一条消息让他兴奋得差点没背过气去：油气田立项了!随后，在一周之内，青年所买的土地价格翻了一番，他的生活一下子由地狱又回到天堂。

暴富后的青年第一个想到的是老华侨，他准备了一只信封，里面是一套当地最高档别墅的钥匙。当他把信封交到老华侨手里的时候，老华侨摇摇头：“我只是给你买了44天的报纸，为什么值得你送这样的大礼呢?”青年说：“那44份晚报，是我一生中得到的最珍贵的帮助和关怀，就凭你的爱心，你有资格得到它。”老华侨依然摇摇头：“谢谢你的好意，我已经习惯了现在的生活，不想去住那种地方。真正值得你报答的，也不是我，而是帮助你的这个社会呀。”

这位青年，就是后来被誉为“情义商人”的李晓华，他成了中国最有名的企业家和慈善家之一。

导语：听说读写是构成英语语言交际能力的重要组成部分，其中要求较高的是“写”的能力。下面是yjbys作文网小编为您收集整理的资料，希望对您有所帮助。

一、学生写作过程中出现的现状

1.词汇量太少

词汇是英语写作必不可少的基本要素，要写好一篇作文以表达自己的思想，必须以足够的词汇量为基础，但实际上大多数学生掌握的词汇量都达不到规定的要求，因而在写作时也就不能随心所欲地表达自己的思想。出现的问题往往有拼写错误，影响理解;词语误用，表达不准确;某一词语反复使用，语言表达缺乏变式，文章显得单调乏味;文章中出现大量“造词”，让人看了啼笑皆非等。

语法规则和句型句式是英语写作涉及的另一基本要素。学生英语写作中出现的“大错”又多半是由语法错误引起的，学生在写作中语法不规范、句子结构混乱、含义不清等情况屡见不鲜，Chinese English现象更是不乏其中，所以词汇量和语法问题是中学生英语写作时首先要解决的问题。

2.词汇错误较多

学生在写作的时候，中式英语Chinglish ：如There are many people would like to go on a vacation. I by bike to school every day. 2、词汇错误：错别字、近义词混淆、词性误用3、词组、句型使用不正确，缺乏重点句型的使用：如I spent one hour to read the book yesterday. 4、时态、语态、人称把握不正确(审题不正确)。思维模式总是先汉语，后转化为英语，可能他想到了句子该怎样写，句型也知道的，但却有个别单词不会。如：“对我来说学英语是困难的”这个句子可能他想到了，句子结构“it is+adj for sb to do sth”也知道，但里面的形容词difficult不会写，导致句子表达含糊，以至于整篇文章错词百出，面目全非。

3.写出的长句达不到表达效果

一般的英语应试作文，总会给出汉语提示，学生写作也是从提示上入手，有的提示意思较长，所以学生写的时候会直接翻译，但对太长的句子又没有驾驭的能力，导致整个句子错误。

4.听力较弱影响写作能力

我们所面临的是一群农村学生，他们没有特别好的条件练习听力，每次的练习时间仅仅是每节英语课上，听听力的时间是在太少。有位作家说过：“不写没有读过的语言，不读没有说

的语言，不说没有听过的语言”。很明显，通过听的渠道获得语言信息及语言感受在英语学习中基础的基础。听不来也就写不上。

5.单词书写不规范，卷面书写较乱

对于大多数学生来说，格式、大小写、标点，书写不规范：句首字母大写不注意，使用从句时不会使用标点、大小写等)。如：After he went back home. He cooked supper.，考试时把单词写整齐的很少，学生普遍认为只要把单词写正确就可以得分，虽然觉得自己写的作文还可以，但卷子发下之后却没有得到期望的分数，而有的同学写作能力较差但书写整齐，写作得分也不是很低。

二、提高写作的方法

1.词汇的积累

初中学生在阅读理方面最大的障碍就是词汇量的缺乏，而扩大词汇量绝非死记硬背就能做到。最有效的方法就是大量接触各种不同体裁的英语文章，利用“在句中记，在文中记”的方法来积累词汇。因此我们指导学生依据英语报刊的特点，按栏目、话题、题材、体裁归类收集常用词，将出现频率较高的常用词汇积累到单词本子上，查字典写例句，初步学会这些单词的运用，放在身边，利用零散时间反复记忆，加强印象。

同时拟定时以单选、完型、阅读等形式考察学生对这些单词的掌握情况，通过测试和竞赛的方式进一步激发大家学习词汇的热情。不过，由于课程的时间安排问题，测试的工作开展较少，这也是实验工作中的一个不足。

2.熟练记住单词

( 1.) 巩固单词拼写，培养组句能力。 词汇匮乏是妨碍英语写作的最大障碍之一，有话想说，无词可写是大部分学生的苦恼。因此，我要求学生坚持每天听写、默写、循环记忆单词，掌握巩固词汇。还要求学生给出与单词有关的同义、近义、反义和词形相似的词，使词汇量得到最大限度的复现。如：反义词appear/disappear, crowded/uncrowded, polite/impolite/rude. 词形相似的词except/expect, chance/change/challenge. 还以某一词为中心，写出该词的不同形式或词性，组成典型的句型，从而不断丰富词汇和句型。如拼写单词die 时，不但要写出其过去式过去分词died，而且要写出其他词性(death, dead, dying), 再分别组句，如：The old man died two years ago. He has been dead for two years. His death made his dog very sad. It is dying.又如写到易混淆的词pay, spend, cost, take 时，可以多种方式表达句意。He paid 20 yuan for the book. He spent 20 yuan on the book. He spent 20 yuan buying the book. The book cost him 20 yuan. It takes him 20 minutes to read the book every day.等等。这样,通过大量的词汇练习不仅仅能有效地积累词汇，还为组句打下了基础，同时还能训练学生的发散性思维和总结、归纳、比较的能力，为学生正确使用词句奠定了良好的基础。以上这些机械操练虽然枯燥，但很有必要，它是能力培养的基础。在词句落实的基础上，可向学生提出稍高的要求，如写出高质量的句子： What a happy family I have ! (I have a happy family.) The story is so interesting that everyone likes it.( The story is very interesting. Everyone likes it. ) He didn’t come to school, because he was ill. (He was ill. He didn’t come to school.) I am good at not only English but also math.(I am good at English and I am good at math ，too. )( 2、) 阅读背诵精彩段落，围绕单元话题设计书面表达。 阅读是写作的 熟练记住每一话题的单词。熟记单词后让他们能够熟练的运用，能够把重点单词用来造句。然后熟记词组，特别是能够熟练的运用词组，能够用词组熟练造句。用词组和单词连成简单句，只要学生将句子表达清楚，语意连贯，就是一篇好的英语文章。

3.熟练使用简单句

简单句对学生来说相对好掌握些，可以要求学生们能够熟练划分主语、谓语、宾语。 正确掌握并列连词andbutor等词。在写作中要求学生不能随意发挥，也不能逐字逐句的翻译所给的文章，要求学生能抓住题中所给的条件，只要考生能将题中所给的要点全部表达清楚，而没有遗漏，在写作中并且注意到语言的连贯，那么就是一篇很好的英语文章。

4.加强听力训练，促进写作

目前英语听力教材使用的具体做法是：事先提出每课生词，教师领读几遍。排除生词障碍后，第一遍学生主让学生在课后反复听课文内容，并逐字逐句写下。每周星期五布置，星期一用课堂时间，教师将该文念一、二遍，让学生听写，教师收上来查阅，加以评讲。通过这种训练，提高学生的听力水平和表达能力。

5.书写规范，促进写作

关于书写的卷面整洁与否，字体如何，是老生常谈话题。可是由于印象分数的一分半分之差，很可能影响一生。在此处丢分纯属不值得，这也是笔者把它放在第一位的原因。在教学过程中，应坚持要求学生书写规范，写好匀笔斜体行书，注意连写，以及文面美观。可以采用出专刊的形式，让全班同学都参加英语书法评比，从而激发学生练习英语书写的兴趣，养成良好的书写习惯。

综上所述，在英语写作中听、说、读、写应同步发展。写作是一种语言输出形式，只有语言输入大于语言输出，语言输出才有可能。英语写作训练作为英语综合能力训练之一，是与英语的听说读是不可分割的，它们是相互影响、相互作用的有机统一体，必须注重听、说、读、写能力的同步发展。

比如笔者实施多年的“五分钟课前训练”：在上正课前五分钟里，要学生用英语讲述一个故事(积累素材);或者课前朗读一篇短小精悍的文章，让大家课后模仿;或者就大家平时关心的话题写一个发言稿或演讲稿进行课前发言;或者让学生自立主题，围绕自己喜欢的主题写一段话。这种课前训练取得了很好的效果。

美国作家舒伯特指出:“Reading is writing”，即：阅读能够促进写作，因为对学生而言,他们对生活的体验、对人生的认识大多是从书本上获得，从大量的阅读中获取的，阅读不仅能帮助学生积累思想,也能帮助他们积累语言素材。“You ought to read very carefully. Not only very carefully，but also aloud，and that again and again till you know the passage by heart and write it as if it were your own.” 这就清楚地说明了熟读成诵对写作是多么重要。所以要想写出好文章,就必须大量读书，它是写作的基础。

阅读对写作固然重要，但其它形式写作训练同样不可忽视，英语写作实践是英语写作理论转化为写作能力的“中介”。英语写作要突出实践，正如学习游泳一样，写作的能力是练出来的。课外练笔是课堂写作训练最有益的补充，因为课堂时间有限，仅靠课堂写作训练培养学生的写作能力是不够的。作文不是“学”出来的，而是“写”出来的。学生必须进行大量的写作练习才能掌握并且灵活运用各种写作技能，而且写作技能只有在不断写作的过程中才能逐步得到提高和完善。

此外,学生的英语语言意识和英语思维能力的培养也需要大量的练习。可见,课外练笔非常必要，应该给予重视。课外练笔的形式多种多样，可采用让学生写英语日记、写英语周记，教师也可有意识地给学生提供一些尽量贴近生活的时尚话题，如奥运会、环境保护等，让学生在课外习作。

总之，学生要提高写作能力应在教师有计划、有组织的引导下进行，开展多种形式的写作实践，努力扩大学生的生活面和知识面，以提高学生的写作能力。

导语：每个人都了解，如果要更上一层楼，我们必须要更努力的训练自己。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的相关中考素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

深夜的锁钥球场(key arena)里，麦克米兰(natemcmillan，西雅图超音速队总教练正看着球队当晚练习的录像带，耳里传来诡异的运球声，一个不属于录像机，打从背后的黑暗里传来的声响。

麦克米兰切掉了录像带，运球声依然未曾停歇，当走出办公室，迈上口原本早已深锁的球场，眼神锁住了场上快速运球的影子，

"嗨!教练!"一头乱发的菜乌边运着球边腼腆的笑着。

2003年的深秋，笔者由寒冷的波士顿搭机前往西北角造访落脚于奥勒冈州(0regon)的老友，偌大的奥勒冈大学校园因为与奥勒冈州大的美式足球世仇对决几乎空无一人。走在校园里，体育馆外墙上明星前锋杰克森(luke jackson)绿黄相间的球衣格外的引人注目。

每个美国大学都必然有问书店。书店除了卖书以外，最大宗生意的便是学校的纪念商品。除了必备的大学熊与纪念衫，各式各样的加油器具与球队商品更是最热门的商品。尽管美式足球赛季正热，尽管杰克森是水鸭队(oregon ducks)当家球星与全美明星前锋，但在书店里最烫手的产品，还是背号八号的瑞德诺(luke ridnour)。

就像联盟里许多的白人球员一般，瑞德诺也有个当教练的老爹从小到大带肴他一步一步的接触正确而扎实的篮球观念。就如同老爹罗伯(rob ridnour)所形容的，小瑞德诺从开始走路时就是玩着篮球长大而他也随着老爹四处任教的脚步，在华盛顿州内迁徙着。当老爹由东侧的史波肯(spokane)移往华盛顿州中央地带的东谷(east valley)高中应征教练碰壁后，瑞德诺全家不得不再次搬到华盛顿州西北处邻近加拿大国界的布兰(bialne)落脚。

"我的教练背景对他也许有些许影响，"老爹道。"但他是那个整天都耗在体育馆的球狂，他随身带着球，不管走路、跑步，总是随时运着球，他可以每天早上五点半起床拿着我的钥匙就到体育馆里练习跳投或是健身。"

从小，篮球场就是瑞德诺混迹的场所，也是满足小小心灵渴望的利器。在体育馆里，小瑞德诺与几个年纪稍长的孩子们一起打球，一群小鬼以可乐为赌资，而以瑞德诺能否在nba的三分线距离外投射入网作为输赢，看着输了一罐可乐的小鬼头满脸激愤，瑞德诺又提出了新的方法，这次是瑞德诺改用左手出手。

不久，只看到瑞德诺愉快的在场边喝着靠"劳力"又换得的司乐。

说到左手，瑞德诺还有另一个故事。高中时的瑞德诺代表学校到南加州参加锦标赛。在锦标赛展开不久，瑞德诺便弄断了右手，尽管惯用的右手受伤，瑞德诺依然忍痛打完整场比赛，在经过医院治疗后，接下来的锦标赛里瑞高德诺的右手捆着厚厚的石膏继续出赛，就像是体育馆里其它的小毛头，对手把这个"左手怪客"当成了不会投篮的樱木花道，五个防守球员在球赛即将结束前死盯着其它四位球员，于是，在三分线外尢人防守的瑞德诺安稳的从容出手，在枪响的那一刻，胜利也随之到手。

瑞德诺各式各样的苦练在高中时期获得了回报，除了两次的华盛顿州冠军奖杯外，高中生涯中总共砍下2372分在华盛顿州史上排名第三，理所当然的当选华盛顿州篮球先生，也是州史上第四个入选麦当劳高中明星对抗赛的明星球员。

"无论是基本动作、跳投、执行挡叨战术、传球跟防守时的那一双快手，都是当今高中后卫第等好手、" 直试图招募瑞德诺的华盛顿大学教练米勒(mlchael miller)道，"我确信他是全美前五名的控球后卫之一，他会是未来的全美明星后卫，也会是未来nba的先发控球人选。"

除了家乡的华盛顿大学外，出产过斯托克顿(john stockton)的冈察加(gonzaga，位于华盛顿州东方邻近爱达荷州的史波肯，即瑞德诺幼时居住之处)、肯塔基大学、犹他大学与奥勒冈大学都积极的想要将场上的主导权交给被誉为"白色巧克力"威廉斯(j a s o nwillliams)第二的瑞德诺身上。你知道的，九零年代末期的白人控球后卫代表。

当瑞德诺展开校园参观之旅抵达奥勒冈大学所在的尤金(eugene)小镇时，"我确信ridnour是全美前5名的探球后卫这一，他会是未来的全美明星后卫，也会是未来nba的先发控球人选。"--michaei miller接机的球队职员看到的是一个邻家白人男孩，但这男孩与其它人就有那么些不同， 颗篮球就这么黏在这少年手上，如果机场大厅能够运球，你可以想象他带球运过登机门，一个妙传穿过金属探坝门的连续镜头。

奥勒冈大学在1 997年找回来老校友肯特(e rnle kent)任教，二十年前毕业的明星球员曾经留校在防守名牌教练哈特(dlck harter)手下担任一年助理教练开启了漫长的教练生涯。尽管生涯由防守大师手下展开，但肯特教练的篮球逻辑却完全属于另外一个世界，标准的西海岸风格，快还要更快。

除了瑞德诺，肯特教练同时也招募到奥勒冈州本地的明星前锋杰克森合组了日后知名的"路克双人秀"(luke 8luke show)。两个路克加上原本的明星得分后卫琼斯(fred jones，现印第安纳步行者队)，组成傲视美国西岸的旋风部队。

瑞德诺很快的就扛下了球队先发控球后卫的重担，尽管还没有适应大学球赛的防守与转变，使得他命中率偏低，每场得分也仅7 4分，但瑞德诺稳定的指挥全场，成功的诠释了肯特教练的快打旋风战术，也率领水鸭队在开季交出一张10胜1负的耀眼成绩单，同时每场平够送出4次助攻，让瑞德诺成为太平洋十校联盟(pac--10)最耀眼的新秀。虽然接下来奥大后继乏力，最终战绩仅仅14胜14败，但瑞德诺依然夺下了pac--10的年度最佳新秀。

赛季后段的荒腔走板让球员极度的失望，特别是负责球队供输的瑞德诺，于是他开始尝试说服其它资深的球员响应他的暑期苦练计划，最后包括琼斯在内的主力球员都决定放弃过去暑期返家休养的惯例，跟两个小路克一起待在尤金小镇，继续锻炼球技

"我们向彼此展示了强烈的决心，"瑞德诺回忆着。"我们展示了迈向目标所需要的决心，每个人都了解，如果要更上一层楼，我们必须要更努力的训练自己。"

"如果你有信心，你能达成任何目标。"学长琼斯谈到那个暑假带个球队与自己的变化。"我想上个赛季我们在球场上并没有太多的信心，但经过暑假在体育馆的苦练，我们了解自己有无限的潜能。"

为了要争取更多的练球时间，瑞德诺突发奇想的用胶布贴住了体育馆的门锁，让球队球员能够在夜半时分打开体育馆的大门，偷溜进体育馆继续体能训练与各式基本技巧的修正。

"学期开始后，我发现球员们变得更有自信，队友之间也有更强烈的情感联系。"肯特教练道。"但他们还需要用赢球来证明一切，现在我们成为 支成功球队该有的一切元素，很明显的，球员们也有相同的感受。"

经过暑期特训旧勺水鸭队成为pac 1 0的一大强权，在例行赛里打垮了长期雄霸pac 10的亚利桑纳大学，也顺利的进入ncaa季后赛。

琼斯、瑞德诺与杰克森三个人绀成的快攻大队威了水鸭队的招牌每场三人可以合力攻下50分，是全美最有破坏力的搭档之一。在季后赛里这三个人依然放送强大的火力，在面对威克森林(wake forest)的比赛里，这张强力的火网联手轰下8 1分，打败了了有霍华德(josh howard，现达拉斯小牛队)与桑盖拉(darlus songalla，现萨克拉门托国王队)在阵的对手。

进入了八强决赛，水鸭三人组遭遇的是兵强马壮，雄霸中西部多年的堪萨斯大学。堪萨斯大学拥有全能的大前锋古登(drew gooden，克里夫兰骑士队)、强力前锋柯利森(nlck collison，西雅图超音速队)与得分后卫亨里奇(k j r khinrich，芝加哥公牛队)，堪大在教练威廉斯(roy williams)的带领下，也以快攻闻名，尽管瑞德诺拼尽全力的拉快球队的脚步，但训练有素的堪大却能一直亦步亦趋的紧随其后。

赖以维生的法宝失效后，水鸭队也无法响应堪大层出不穷的进攻招教，更随着比赛的进行，两队在下半场的比数差距越拉越大，奥勒冈大学最后终于与四强绝缘。

随着琼斯离队，升上大三的瑞德诺与杰克森扛起了球队的重担，但最后只在季后赛第 轮止步。连续两年当选pac 1 0最佳球员的瑞德诺决定放弃接下来大四赛季，投入接下来的2003年选秀会。

选秀会上瑞德诺与 年前阻断水鸭队季后赛之旅的柯利森一起被超音速队选走。瑞德诺面临人生里最严酷的竞争环境，只能以替补控球后卫的角色登场。

"瑞德诺对球赛有着极其敏锐的直觉，"前队友巴里(brent barry)道，"你可以看到他强烈的信心，他总有一天将主导这支球队，你已经能从他身上看到这个未来。"

结束菜鸟赛季的瑞德诺依旧每天清晨便到体育馆报到练球，一直持续到深夜，这股苦练劲获得教练麦克米兰与球团的青昧，决定将球队的控球大位交到这个正统控球后卫的手中 瑞德诺在新赛季的前44场比赛里都以先发控球后卫的角色登场，并缴出一张平均10分、6次助攻的耀眼成绩。

上个赛季在西区任人宰割的超音速队这个赛季不仅以31胜1 3败的成绩领先西北组，更打垮了去年西区的王者明尼苏达森林狼队，成为西区除了凤凰城太阳队外最抢手的球队。

瑞德诺挤入联盟前二十名的助攻数字所代表的组织能力，与雷阿伦(r ayallen)为首的外线射手群是超音速队这个赛季大跃进的主因。尽管下个赛季雷阿伦是否继续落脚西雅图仍是未知数，但有年方22岁的瑞德诺负责组织一切进攻事宜，未来教年的超音速队依然值得期待。

卓越的天才不屑走旁人走过的路。他寻找迄今未开拓的地区。小编收集了初中英语励志名言，欢迎阅读。

1、All things in their being are good for something.

天生我才必有用。

2、Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.

困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书。

3、Failure is the mother of success.——Thomas Paine

失败乃成功之母。

4、For man is man and master of his fate.

人就是人，是自己命运的主人。

5、The unexamined life is not worth living.——Socrates

混混噩噩的生活不值得过。——苏格拉底

6、None is of freedom or of life deserving unless he daily conquers it anew.——Erasmus

只有每天再度战胜生活并夺取自由的人，才配享受生活的自由。

7、Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness.——R.M. Nixon

命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。因此，让我们毫无畏惧，满心愉 悦地把握命运。——尼克松

8、Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.——John Ruskin

生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。-- 罗斯金

9、What makes life dreary is the want of motive.——George Eliot

没有了目的，生活便郁闷无光。——乔治·埃略特

10、Towering genius disdains a beaten path. It seeks regions hitherto unexplored.——Lincoln

卓越的天才不屑走旁人走过的路。他寻找迄今未开拓的地区。

11、There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power.——Balzac

没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。——巴尔扎克

12、The good seaman is known in bad weather.

惊涛骇浪，方显英雄本色。(励志名言)

13、Fear not that the life shall come to an end, but rather fear that it shall never have a beginning.——J.H. Newman

不要害怕你的生活将要结束，应该担心你的生活永远不会真正开始。——纽曼

14、Gods determine what youre going to be.——Julius Erving

人生的奋斗目标决定你将成为怎样的人。——欧文

15、An aim in life is the only fortune worth finding.——Robert Louis Stevenson

生活的目标，是唯一值得寻找的财富。-- 史蒂文森

16、While there is life there is hope.

一息若存，希望不灭。——英国谚语

17、Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value.——A. Einstein

不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。——爱因斯坦

18、You have to believe in yourself. Thats the secret of success.——Charles Chaplin

人必须有自信，这是成功的秘密。——卓别林

19、Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.

不管追求什么目标，都应坚持不懈。

20、We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.——Mattin Luther King

我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。——马丁·路德·金

21、Energy and persistence conquer all things.——Benjamin Franklin

能量加毅力可以征服一切。——富兰克林

22、Nothing seek, nothing find.

无所求则无所获。

23、Cease to struggle and you cease to live.——Thomas Carlyle

生命不止，奋斗不息。——卡莱尔

24、A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.

千里之行，始于足下。

25、Strength alone knows conflict, weakness is below even defeat, and is born vanquished.——Swetchine

只有强者才懂得斗争;弱者甚至失败都不够资格，而是生来就是被征服的。——斯威特切尼

26、The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them.——Bernara Shaw

在这个世界上取得成就的人，都努力去寻找他们想要的机会，如果找不到机会， 他们便自己创造机会。——萧伯纳

27、A strong man will struggle with the storms of fate.——Thomas Addison

强者能同命运的风暴抗争。——爱迪生

28、He who seize the right moment, is the right man.——Goethe

谁把握机遇，谁就心想事成。——歌德

29、Victory wont come to me unless I go to it.——M.Moore

胜利是不会向我们走来的，我必须自己走向胜利。——穆尔

30、Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.

人往高处走，水往低处流。

31、Man errs as long as he strives.——Goethe

失误是进取的代价。——歌德

32、The failures and reverses which await men - and one after another sadden the brow of youth - add a dignity to the prospect of human life, which no Arcadian success would do.——Henry David Thoreau

尽管失败和挫折等待着人们，一次次地夺走青春的容颜，但却给人生的前景增添了一份尊严，这是任何顺利的成功都不能做到的。——梭罗

33、A man can fail many times, but he isnt a failure until he begins to blame somebody else.——J. Burroughs

一个人可以失败很多次，但是只要他没有开始责怪旁人，他还不是一个失败者。——巴勒斯

34、Getting out of bed in winter is one of life’s hardest mission.

冬天，将自己从被窝里掏出来，是人生最难的任务之一了。

35、The future is scary but you can’t just run to the past cause it’s familiar.

未来会让人心生畏惧，但是我们却不能因为习惯了过去，就逃回过去。

36、I love it when I catch you looking at me then you smile and look away.

我喜欢这样的时刻：我抓到你正在看我，你笑了，然后害羞地别过脸去。

37、Having a calm smile to face with being disdained indicates kind of confidence.

被轻蔑的时候能平静的一笑，这是一种自信。

38、Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.

成功是，你即使跨过一个又一个失敗，但也沒有失去热情。

39、Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.

并不是你面对了，任何事情都能改变。(励志歌曲 www.lz13.cn)但是，如果你不肯面对，那什么也变不了。

40、A guy who whispers in your ears, saying ” It’s alright, I’m here.” Holds you when you’re sad, and treasures everything about you. That’s the guy I want to give my heart to.

那个人会在耳边轻声说：没事，我在这。在你悲伤时给你依靠，与你相关的，他都珍视。有这样的人，我爱定了。

41、Dream what you want to dream; go where you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do.

做你想做的梦吧，去你想去的地方吧，成为你想成为的人吧，因为你只有一次生命，一个机会去做所有那些你想做的事。

42、We all have moments of desperation. But if we can face them head on, that’s when we find out just how strong we really are.

我们都有绝望的时候，只有在勇敢面对时，我们才知道我们有多坚强。

43、If they throw stones at you, don’t throw back, use them to build your own foundation instead.

如果别人朝你扔石头，就不要扔回去了，留着作你建高楼的基石。

44、If your happiness depends on what somebody else does, I guess you do have a problem.

如果你的快乐与否取决于别人做了什么，我想，你真的有点问题。

45、When there’s no expectation, losing won’t bring hurt, gaining makes you surprised.

不去期望。失去了不会伤心，得到了便是惊喜。

46、Sometimes your plans don’t work out because God has better ones.

有时候，你的计划不奏效，是因为上天有更好的安排。

47、How much truth of heart in one’s life is told in a joke?

一辈子，有多少真心话，是以玩笑的方式说了出去?

48、A relationship should be between two people, not the whole world.

爱情是两个人的事，与旁人无关。

49、You can’t have a better tomorrow if you don’t stop thinking about yesterday.

如果你无法忘掉昨天，就不会有一个更好的明天。

50、Today, give a stranger one of your smiles. It might be the only sunshine he sees all day.

今天，给一个陌生人送上你的微笑吧。很可能，这是他一天中见到的唯一的阳光。

导语：一个没有同情心的人，是冷酷残忍的人;一个没有同情心的世界，是冷漠可怕的世界。但同情心不会自发产生，同情心也要靠精心培植和维护，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的作文素材，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

我很喜欢小品演员蔡明，这倒不是因为她的演技和容貌，老实说，这两点她也就是平平而已。让我感动的是她的一件小事，蔡明每见到街上有人乞讨，总要给钱。朋友劝她说，这些乞丐看着可怜，其实有不少都是假的，人家就是靠这发财的，家里的小洋楼都盖起来了，比你住得还宽敞。蔡明点点头，若有所悟。可是下次碰见乞丐，她还照样掏钱。朋友问：你怎么还傻呢?她解释说，万一这个是真乞丐，他家里没盖楼呢?一个富于同情心的演员，也许无法成为表演大师艺术巨匠，但可贵的同情心，却会使他的人格大放异彩，受到人们的敬重和热爱。

在19世纪末叶的西伯利亚，富于同情心的小镇居民，常常在深夜房外的窗台上放着酸奶、面包和旧衣服，以供那些从流亡地逃跑的十二月党人食用，一些著名的十二月党人，就是靠着这些食物和衣服才逃出了冰天雪地的西伯利亚。小镇居民的名字至今谁也不知道，更不见经传史册，可他们的善举，不仅温暖了冻饿之极的十二月党人，也至今还温暖着我们的心田。

培根说：“同情在一切内在的道德和尊严中为最高的美德。”孟德斯鸠也说过：“同情是善良心所启发的一种情感之反映。”所以，人不可无同情心，同情心可以使人变得可亲可敬，变得伟大崇高。诗人杜甫，只有写下“安得广厦千万间，大庇天下寒士俱欢颜”那样滚烫的诗句，才能戴上人民诗人的桂冠;诗人龚自珍，发出“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”的肺腑心声，表现出悲天悯人的博大胸怀;面似冷峻的鲁迅先生，则因“俯首甘为孺子牛”的拳拳之心，更显其思想之深邃，道德之高尚;而不辞辛苦千里迢迢，到遇难矿工家里慰问吊唁，潸然落泪，温家宝总理用满腔真情告诉我们什么叫“情为民所系”。

同情心还可以让世界充满爱。南亚海啸灾难发生后，世界各国人民纷纷解囊相助，中国人也不甘落后，短短几天就捐赠了数十亿元的现金与物资。这次灾难，也是对地球村居民同情心的一次大检阅，大洗礼。还有一件事也使我们很感动，今年的维也纳新年音乐会，为悼念海啸遇难者，在演奏中取消了最欢快的《拉德斯基进行曲》。音乐中断了，主持人走上台，悲壮地讲到海啸灾难，讲到此刻要向灾民捐款，为此，今晚将不再演奏《拉德斯基进行曲》。可以说，这是历年来一次最人性的维也纳新年音乐会。

一个没有同情心的人，是冷酷残忍的人;一个没有同情心的世界，是冷漠可怕的世界。但同情心不会自发产生，同情心也要靠精心培植和维护，心灵里播下爱的种子，才能长成同情之花;全社会都为同情心叫好呐喊，才能形成一个充满同情心的好环境。

1、人之所以有一张嘴，而有两只耳朵，原因是听的要比说的多一倍。

2、哲人无忧，智者常乐。并不是因为所爱的一切他都拥有了，而是所拥有的一切他都爱。

3、泪水和汗水的化学成分相似，但前者只能为你换来同情，后者却可以为你赢得成功。

4、越是成熟的稻穗，越懂得弯腰。

5、江海之所以能成为百谷之王，是因为懂得身处低下。

6、每个人都有潜在的能量，只是很容易：被习惯所掩盖，被时间所迷离，被惰性所消磨。

7、生气是拿别人做错的事来惩罚自己。

8、后悔是一种耗费精神的情绪。后悔是比损失更大的损失，比错误更大的错误，所以请不要后悔。

9、人生有几件绝对不能失去的东西：自制的力量，冷静的头脑，希望和信心。

10、不是境况造就人，而是人造就境况。

11、自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。

12、要铭记在心：每天都是一年中最美好的日子。

13、爱的力量大到可以使人忘记一切，却又小到连一粒嫉妒的沙石也不能容纳。

14、人是可以快乐地生活的，只是我们自己选择了复杂，选择了叹息!

15、过去的一页，能不翻就不翻，翻落了灰尘会迷了双眼。

16、人若软弱就是自己最大的敌人;人若勇敢就是自己最好的朋友。

17、要纠正别人之前，先反省自己有没有犯错。

18、许多人缺少的不是美，而是自信的气质，记住：自信本身就是一种美。有了积极的心态就容易成功。

19、人总是珍惜未得到的，而遗忘了所拥有的。

20、用最少的悔恨面对过去。用最少的浪费面对现在。用最多的梦面对未来。

21、大多数人想要改造这个世界，但却罕有人想改造自己。

22、得意时应善待他人，因为你失意时会需要他们。

23、一千个人就有一千种生存方式和生活道路，要想改变一些事情，首先得把自己给找回来。

24、任何的限制，都是从自己的内心开始的。忘掉失败，不过要牢记失败中的教训。

25、假如我不能，我一定要;假如我一定要，我就一定能。

26、一个能从别人的观念来看事情，能了解别人心灵活动的人，永远不必为自己的前途担心。

27、人生不过三万天，成功失败均坦然，是非恩怨莫在意，健康快乐最值钱。

28、世界上有两种人：索取者和给予者。前者也许能吃得更好，但后者绝对能睡得更香。

29、环境不会改变，解决之道在于改变自己。

30、要让事情改变，先改变我自己;要让事情变得更好，先让自己变得更好。

31、不要对挫折叹气，姑且把这一切看成是在你成大事之前，必须经受的准备工作。

32、你出生的时候，你哭着，周围的人笑着;在生命的尽头，你笑着，而周围的人在哭着。

33、伟人之所以伟大，是因为他与别人共处逆境时，别人失去了信心，他却下决心实现自己的目标。

34、如果早上醒来，你发现自己还能自由呼吸，你就比在这一周离开人世的100万人更有福气。

35、什么时候也不要放弃希望，越是险恶的环境越要燃起希望的意志。

36、积极的人在每一次忧患中都看到一个机会，而消极的人则在每个机会都看到某种忧患。

37、许多人企求着生活的完美结局，殊不知美根本不在结局，而在于追求的过程。

38、也许有些人很可恶，有些人很卑鄙。而当我设身为他想象的时候，我才知道：他比我还可怜。所以请原谅所有你见过的人，好人或者坏人。

39、一句无心的话也许会点燃纠纷，一句残酷的话也许会毁掉生命，一句及时的话也许会消释紧张，一句知心的话也许会愈合伤口、挽救他人。

40、生命就是一个逐渐支出和利用时间的过程。一旦丧失了时间，生命也就走到了尽头。

41、世上并没有用来鼓励工作努力的赏赐，所有的赏赐都只是被用来奖励工作成果的。

42、生命的完整，在于宽恕、容忍、等待与爱，如果没有这一切，你拥有了所有，也是虚无。

43、当我们眺望远方的时候，近处的风景便看不清了。

44、如果你希望成功，以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以小心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。

45、思考是一件最辛苦的工作，这可能是为什么很少人愿意思考的原因。

46、成功呈概率分布，关键是你能不能坚持到成功开始呈现的那一刻。

47、自己打败自己是最可悲的失败，自己战胜自己是最可贵的胜利。

48、为别人鼓掌的人也是在给自己的生命加油。

49、拥有梦想只是一种智力，实现梦想才是一种能力。

50、如果一个人不知道他要驶向哪个码头，那么任何风都不会是顺风。

51、人的才华就如海绵的水，没有外力的挤压，它是绝对流不出来的。流出来后，海绵才能吸收新的源泉。

52、感恩生命，感谢她给予我们一个聪明的大脑。思考疑难的问题，生命的意义;赞颂真善美，批判假恶丑。记住精彩的瞬间，激动的时刻，温馨的情景，甜蜜的镜头。感恩生命赋予我们特有的灵性。

53、善待自己，幸福无比，善待别人，快乐无比，善待生命，健康无比。

54、一切伟大的行动和思想，都有一个微不足道的开始。

55、在你发怒的时候，要紧闭你的嘴，免得增加你的怒气。

56、获致幸福的不二法门是珍视你所拥有的、遗忘你所没有的。

57、骄傲是胜利下的蛋，孵出来的却是失败。

58、没有一个朋友比得上健康，没有一个敌人比得上病魔，与其为病痛暗自流泪，不如运动健身为生命添彩。

59、有什么别有病，没什么别没钱，缺什么也别缺健康，健康不是一切，但是没有健康就没有一切。

60、什么都可以不好，心情不能不好;什么都可以缺乏，自信不能缺乏;什么都可以不要，快乐不能不要;什么都可以忘掉，健身不能忘掉。

61、选对事业可以成就一生，选对朋友可以智能一生，选对环境可以快乐一生，选对伴侣可以幸福一生，选对生活方式可以健康一生。

62、含泪播种的人一定能含笑收获。

63、一个有信念者所开发出的力量，大于个只有兴趣者。

64、忍耐力较诸脑力，尤胜一筹。

65、影响我们人生的绝不仅仅是环境，其实是心态在控制个人的行动和思想。同时，心态也决定了一个人的视野、事业和成就，甚至一生。

66、每一发奋努力的背后，必有加倍的赏赐。

67、懒惰像生锈一样，比操劳更消耗身体。

68、所有的胜利，与征服自己的胜利比起来，都是微不足道。所有的失败，与失去自己的失败比起来，更是微不足道。

69、挫折其实就是迈向成功所应缴的学费。

70、在这个尘世上，虽然有不少寒冷，不少黑暗，但只要人与人之间多些信任，多些关爱，那么，就会增加许多阳光。

71、一个能从别人的观念来看事情，能了解别人心灵活动的人，永远不必为自己的前途担心。

72、当一个人先从自己的内心开始奋斗，他就是个有价值的人。

73、没有人富有得可以不要别人的帮助，也没有人穷得不能在某方面给他人帮助。

74、凡真心尝试助人者，没有不帮到自己的。

75、积极者相信只有推动自己才能推动世界，只要推动自己就能推动世界。

76、一个人最大的破产是绝望，最大的资产是希望。

77、行动是成功的阶梯，行动越多，登得越高。

78、环境永远不会十全十美，消极的人受环境控制，积极的人却控制环境。

79、当所有人都低调的时候，你可以高调，但不能跑调。

80、成功的法则极为简单，但简单并不代表容易。

81、肯低头的人，永远不会撞到矮门。

82、昨晚多几分钟的准备，今天少几小时的麻烦。

83、拿望远镜看别人，拿放大镜看自己。

84、一念放下，万般自在。

85、六个不能：不能饿了才吃，不能渴了才喝，不能困了才睡，不能累了才歇，不能病了才检查，不能老了再后悔。

86、屋子修得再大也是临时住所，只有那个小木匣才是永久的家，所以，屋宽不如心宽，身安不如心安!

87、人生最大的错误，是用健康换取身外之物，人生最大的悲哀，是用生命换取个人的烦恼，人生最大的浪费，是用生命解决自己制造的麻烦!

88、人生最大的哀痛，是子欲孝而亲不在!人生最大的悲剧，是家未富而人先亡，人生最大的可怜，是弥留之际才明白自己是应该做什么的!

89、当心灵趋于平静时，精神便是永恒!把欲望降到最低点，把理性升华到最高点，你会感受到：平安是福，清心是禄，寡欲是寿!

90、最好的医生是自己，最好的药物是时间，最好的心情是宁静，最好的保健是笑脸，最好的运动是步行!

91、欢乐是长寿的妙药，勤奋是健康的灵丹，运动是健康的投资，长寿是健身的回报，相逢莫问留春术，淡薄宁静比药好!

92、金钱难买健康，健康大于金钱，金钱难买幸福，幸福必有健康，生命的幸福不在名利在健康，身体的强壮不在金钱在运动!

93、饮食贵在节，读书贵在精，锻炼贵在恒，节饮食养胃，多读书养胆，喜运动延生!

94、你不能左右天气，但可以改变心情。你不能改变容貌，但可以掌握自己。你不能预见明天，但可以珍惜今天!

95、热爱生活的人，生活也爱他。

96、微笑不用本钱，但能创造财富。赞美不用花钱，但能产生气力。分享不用过度，但能倍增快乐。

97、快乐总和宽厚的人相伴，财富总与诚信的人相伴，聪明总与高尚的人相伴，魅力总与幽默的人相伴，健康总与豁达的人相伴。

98、愚者用肉体监视心灵，智者用心灵监视肉体。

99、生活若剥去了理想、梦想、幻想，那生命便只是一堆空架子。

100、尝试去把别人拍过来的砖砌成结实的地基，生活就不会那么辛苦了。