以肢体语言为话题的高中英语作文【推荐20篇】

“等待”这是一个对我们来说漫长的词语。 "Waiting" is a long word for us.

在任何时候，我们都要为某一件事进行等待。当等待时进行时，有时漫长有时短暂;当等待是过去时，你会细细地回忆;当等待是将来时，你会对它充满憧憬。等待也许是一件辛苦的工作，也许是……

在我5岁时，还是很小的时候，我就拥有过一次等待，那是漫长的，也是短暂的。那时，我随爸爸回到乡下过了一个劳动节，后来因为流感的原因无法回到上海。我、爸爸和妈妈一家三口都呆在乡下。等到了夜晚，每天晚上妈妈都会陪我一同入眠，可是今天却不一样了。

妈妈让我先去睡觉，她一会儿再来陪我。我听话的上床了。那晚是我最后见到妈妈的晚上了。等我醒来，陪我睡觉的妈妈竟然成了我的表姐。我“激动”地离开床榻。开始了寻找妈妈的路途。这个路途整整持续了一年之久。那时，我每天与同龄人不一样，看着电视、吃着零食、偶尔偷着小懒。可是我每天反反复复、每分每秒都做着同一件事——寻找妈妈。时常站在村门口或等待在家门口，可是迟迟见不到妈妈，哪怕是妈妈的背影都对我来说是莫大的安慰与惊喜。可是，却一直没有。

直到第二年的春天，我终于见到了妈妈，我一年多的等待终于打动了老天，让我见到了妈妈。妈妈还是那样的和蔼可亲。只有妈妈的肚子变大变挺了。我知道我将有一个弟弟或妹妹。我二话没说，带着满脸的泪水想妈妈跑去。妈妈见我后也流出了泪水，一把将我抱在怀里，并摸了摸我的头。可是，如果我再不回到上海继续学习的话，将要把我开除了。我无可奈何地和爸爸回到了上海。

在此后的一年中，我与妈妈经常互相打电话，直到我要读小学，妈妈才将年幼的弟弟托付到我大姨妈家，由她进行抚养，回到上海后，妈妈时常会寄一些名牌奶粉给我弟弟。

从那时起，我又可以与爸爸妈妈一起温暖的呆在一起。弟弟在2006年的时候回到了上海，彼此拥有了温馨的港湾。

春风，是冰河的等待;收获，是秋天的等待;雨露，是大地的等待;阳光，是大海的等待;妈妈，是我这两年中唯一的`等待。

等待对任何人来说都是最容易的一件事。在任何事情上，都拥有等待。等待公共汽车，等待地铁，等待花开，等待放假，等待过节……

等待，何尝不是一件平易近人的事，你们学会等待，懂得等待吗?等待永远是一件漫长而有短暂的事;永远有你自己来决定。

There are many important people have been in my life, and one of them I will never forget. I met him last summer. He was short and tanned, and was about twelve years old. He was selling the balloons on the sideway when I met him, I was curious and asked him:” why do you do business at such young age?” he said:” I’m not doing business, I have been saving money. I want to donate it to the disaster area, the children there need help.” I was surprise, and ashamed. I bought many balloons from him and asked him to keep the change. I should learn from him to be a kind-hearted person.

在我的生命中出现过很多重要的人，其中有一个非常难忘。我是在去年夏天的时候遇见他的。他个子很矮，皮肤黝黑，比我年纪还小。我遇见他时他正在路边卖气球，我非常好奇就问他：“你为什么年纪那么小就做生意了?”他回答说：“我不是在做生意，我正在存钱。我想把钱捐到灾区，那里的孩子们需要帮助。”我感到很惊讶，也很惭愧。我向他买了许多气球，不用找零。我应该像他学习，做个有爱心的人。

以下是为大家整理的关于以中国的环境污染为话题的初中英语作文的文章，希望大家能够喜欢！

Directions:For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:

Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China You should write at least120 words following the outline below in Chinese.

1. 中国的污染的现状

2. 造成污染的原因

3. 解决的办法

Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China

It is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world. This means it is high time we did something to bring the situation under control.Many factors are contributing to the deteriorating situation: industrial wastes pumped into the air， the lakes and rivers; a increasing number of automobiles crowding into the streets; the widespread use of plastic bags etc.

To my view， stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution. Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined. Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air. And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned. What’s more， the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into people’s mind. If everybody works toward a common goal of making the environment better， we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generation.

If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. if we want light, we must conquer darkness. perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “there are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount the pyramids—the eagle and the snail.”

if i were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; i would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. i would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.the habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. i often hear grown up people say “ i could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so” , and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.

if I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. it takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. it only needs early cultivation to become a power.

“保护环境，人人有责”，你想成为一名绿色使者吗?请行动起来吧!其实，环保就在我们身边。请以“How to Be a Greener Person”

为题，写一篇短文。

注意：

1.表达清楚，语句通顺，意思连贯，书写规范;

2.短文词数90 左右。文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：draw, both sides of paper, plastics, water tap, collect, waste, can,

sort

优秀满分范文

How to be a greener person

It’s our duty to protect the inviyonment around us.

When we go to school, we should ride a bike or take a bus. When we go out

for activities, we shouldn’t step on the grass. We can’t draw everywhere. When

we go shopping, we’d better use a cloth bag. At home we can save water and

electricity. When we leave a room, we should turn off the ligts. At school we

can collect wast paper and recycle things, such as bottles, cans and plastic

bags. We shoudn’t listen to pop music or spit in pulic.

Let’s do something to protect our environment.

每一件艺术品，都经过艺术家精雕细琢般地创作，每一道茶文化，都经过茶人不分昼夜地培养，每一瓶红酒，都经过酿酒师的精心调试和保存地对待，这一切，都来自于他们对事物的执着，因此，执着，是对一个人毅力、恒心的考验，是一个人为了自己理想努力奋斗的行为。

执着是潘晓婷成功的利器。广州亚运会的赛场上，潘晓婷散发着东方女性的美，经过一届亚运会的失败后，她总结经验，带着一份淡定与一份执着笑到了亚运会的最后时刻。有人说，她成功仅仅来源于她的汗水与机遇，那真的是这样子的吗？不，她的成功来源于为了自己的梦想对事业的执着与坚持不懈。站在领奖台上，挥洒一路上的艰辛与委屈。如果她轻易去放弃，去投降，能够赢得成功的鲜花与掌声吗？

执着是科林。费斯荣耀的见证。一个外国人，一个正常人，一个不起眼的配角，站上最高荣誉台——奥斯卡获奖的台上，但这荣耀，不止来源于他此次在《国王的演讲》中担当的角色——一个口吃的国王。对于一个正常人来说，如此地走一条不寻常的道路，可谓壮哉。可他却在这样一条不寻常路上闯出了人生新的天地，由此获得了第83届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角奖，成了奥斯卡影帝。有人说，他的成功只是一个华丽的错误，那真的是因为这样吗？不，是因为他对角色的执着。我们也曾不相信自己，假如能够执着一番，或许你也会有荣耀与彩虹的见证与陪伴。

执着是陶渊明追求自由的保证。曾经有一些人嘲笑他不为五斗米折腰，他不屑一顾。他坦坦荡荡地在官场上与黑暗抗争，坦坦荡荡地带着妻儿向梦中路走，尽管窘迫生计，可最终他找到了他的桃花源，找到了人生的自由，找到了不与世俗同流合污的乐园。有人说，他的自由是因为他的愚昧无知而换来的，那真的是因为这样吗？不，是因为他对自由生活的执着。有时候，或许那一切都是可笑的，可执着过后，那还会是简单的一加一等于二吗？

有了执着，人生梦想可以铺成一片蓝天；有了执着，欢乐可以绽放成满园的鲜花；有了执着，生命可以散发出最耀眼的光芒。

人生不如意之事十有八九，执着可谓是人生中一道风景线。成功，荣耀与自由，都得执着一番，风雨过后，天空依旧会蓝，太阳依旧会照大地，云朵也为你而欢笑。

our shool, wuhan heping middle school, lies in the center of wuhan city. it was just built and has the perfect size. the school yard is two hundred meters long, one hundred meters wide, and is surrounded by trees.

when you walk throught the front gate, there is a huge garden that greets you with every kind of natural things. to the left is the school library in which there are more than 100, 000 books. to the right is the eperiment building. in the very middle of the school yard stands the teaching building that stretches for one hundred and fifty meters. this teaching building has four floors with the teachers offices at either end of each floor. standing on the top of the teaching building, you can see a flower bed. behind the teaching building is a large playground on the right side. the students often do sports here after class. to the left lies the dining hall which can hold 500 people. this is our school, a beautiful one.

our school, wuhan heping middle school, is in the center of wuhan city. the school yard is two hundred meters long, one hundred meters wide, and is surrounded by trees. it is 20, 000 square meters in area.

when you walk into the school yard, you will see a wide road in front of you. on your left, you will see the school library in which there are more than 100, 000 books. on your right is the eperiment building, walk ahead,and you will see a beautiful garden in front of you. when you go through it,there stands the teaching building: it has four floors with the teachers of rices at either end of each floor. behind it, there stands the dining-room on the left side. to the right lies the playground where the students often play football. this is our school, a beautiful one.

导语：俗话说：无规矩不成方圆，每个学校都有自己的校规，你们学校的校规是什么呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Our school has school rules, and our class also has class rules. We cant have breakfast in the classroom. Our teacher says we will make our books become dirty if we eat in classroom. Then it becomes the class rules in my class. If anyone breaks this rule, he will be punished. So no one in my class dare to have breakfast in the classroom.

【参考译文】

我们学校有校规，我们班也有班级规定。我们不能在教室吃早饭。老师说如果我们在教室里吃饭，我们会弄脏书本的。然后，它成为类规则在我的类。如果有人违反了这项规定，他将受到惩罚。所以我们班没人敢在教室里吃早饭。

I miss you very much, Mum.

I have left you for four days. Maybe it is really a short time. But I feel it is too long. I found that I couldn’t do a lot of things without you. For example, I couldn’t wash my clothes clean. It is too hard for me. I felt it is too troublesome and toilsome, but I’m sixteen years old now. I must be independent. So, Mum, I don’t know what’s what and I’m very stubborn. Sometimes, I disobeied your desire, which made you very angry. Now, I regret it. When I see some white hair in your head, I felt very sad. You are not young nay more. Sometimes you look very haggard. I know that’s because you give too much. You always concerned with my school record, healthy and a lot of other things. My school record always made you very sad. That’s my falt. I’m sorry.

Mum, you are too labbrious. You must have a good rest. I come of my ago now. I will correct my mistakes. You can rest assured!

Mum, I wish you good health and happy. I love you! Mum!(www.kuaidu.com.cn)

假设你们班级即将召开以“感恩”为主题的班会，要求向大家介绍一下你最想向谁表达感恩之情，他或她为你做了什么，你又将怎样回报他或她的付出。请结合上文内容，以“Thank you, my…”为题写一篇发言稿。

要求：

1.句子通顺，语意连贯。

2.包括所有提示内容。

3.不少于80词。

Thank You, My Mother

Wherever we are today, whatever we are, we owe it to our parents who have given and taught us so much, so we should thank them, especially, thank our mother. I think my mother is one of the best mothers in the world.

She is the busiest one in my family. She does chores for the family and cares about my study. She has taught me a lot. She does lots of things for me. But she never wants anythings in return.

How will I show my thanks to my mother? First, this year, I am going to give her a surprise birthday party and buy her a special present. Second, I’ll do well in school. Third, I’ll help her do housework when I’m free. I want to make her happy. In a word, I love my mother.

[高中英语作文：感恩

1、审题：审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。

2、进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

3、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

1、确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不偏题、不跑题。

2、要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3、用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考：

1、在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加文章的可读性。

2、使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3、改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或用分词等。

4、学会使用过渡词。递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc ;转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc ;总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc ;强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc ;对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc。

5、确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。时态要尽量保持一致。

检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确;层次清楚，条理清晰;表达

示例一：

Dear____,

There will a _____(内容) at/in______(地点) on____(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.

The occasion will start at _______(具体时间). This will be followed by a ____(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，__________(另一个安排)

I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ______(通知你的最后期限)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

我家有两个和我最要好的“朋友”，它们就是一天到晚在水池里爬来爬去的小乌龟。

它们都长着一个三角脑袋，两只圆溜溜的小眼睛总是向四处张望着什么。它们的眼皮可有趣了，别的动物的眼皮是长在上面的，可乌龟的眼皮却是长在下面的。乌龟的4只脚都很短，脚趾之间还长着像蹼一样的肉。它们的身上有一套“护身服”，这就是乌龟的“盔甲”。“盔甲”上有13块六角形的图案，无论大乌龟，还是小乌龟，总是“背”着13块大小不一的六角形图案。它的尾巴又粗、又短、又尖，是动物中罕见的尾巴。小乌龟有一身褐色的皮肤，头颈上条条黄色的花纹隐约可见。又宽又大的嘴紧闭着，小而有神的灰眼睛看着周围的世界。浅黄色的眼皮一张一合，样子可爱极了。 小乌龟很喜欢吃瘦肉、鱼肉、虾肉和蛋黄。我给它们一块虾肉，只见那只体形较小的乌龟用稳重的“脚步”围着肉绕了一圈，然后伸长脑袋，用鼻子闻了闻，看对它没有伤害，才用嘴咬住肉，接着跑到一个角落里，见四周没有动静，就用前爪按住虾肉，嘴用力一拉，就这样，一块肉到了它的嘴里，它便津津有味地品尝起来。 一次，我趴在桌子上，静静地注视着两个玻璃缸内的两只小乌龟。只有我一个手掌般大。那只稍小的乌龟看上去好像很困，懒洋洋的。它用头贴着玻璃，四肢不停地，缓缓地刮着罐子。我用手轻轻触碰它，它微微摇晃起脑袋，开始慢慢地向前爬。我立刻拿开手，那小乌龟以为自己赢得了胜利，勇猛地把侵略者赶跑了，一下子又懒散地躺在细沙子上，得意洋洋地晃着小脑袋。

我又把目光转向那只大一点的乌龟。它比先前那只小乌龟可文静多了，默默地趴在细沙子上。我忍不住去碰它的脚，它缓缓地把脖子缩进了壳里，又开始“睡懒觉”了。我对它的不屑有点生气，又用手指去点了一下它的“护身盾牌”。一开始，它还若无其事的，后来好像被我给惹恼了，也不想再理会我；或许还是只“缩头乌龟”，它竭力想扒出一个小洞，自己钻进去，既可以睡觉，又可以不受我的干扰；或许这大乌龟正在为自己的聪明才智在心里得意呢！可它不清楚自己的速度实在太慢了，它一头想钻进去，却被我轻而易举地拉出来。它也没有其它办法了，为了躲避我，沿着玻璃壁慢慢地爬着。“你真是自不量力！”我在它面前堆了一个小沙包，它用头向前探探，马上转换路线，又一点一点地继续爬着。我不禁有点佩服这个小生命了。

接着，我故意把它们放在一个缸里，看看它们又会闹什么别扭。只见大乌龟几乎占着整个缸，自己在里面游，把小乌龟逼得没有栖身之地。小乌龟灵机一动，跳到大乌龟的壳上，两只爪子好像紧紧地抓住大乌龟的身子似的，无论大乌龟怎么甩都甩不下来！大乌龟累得气喘吁吁，仿佛在说：“你再不下来，我对你不客气！”小乌龟还是丝毫不动，好像在说：“如果你给我一块地盘，我立刻下来！”大乌龟没办法，只好移了移身子，让出了一块宽敞的地盘给小乌龟。

这两只乌龟给我的生活带来了无限的乐趣。时间久了，你可以从小乌龟的眼神中读懂它们的喜怒哀乐，与它们成为真正的“朋友”。你也可以从声声呼唤中发现小乌龟们对你的信赖，它们似乎听懂了你的话语……

[以乌龟为话题的高中作文

有一次，爸爸一大早就兴致勃勃地大声宣布到：“女儿，因为这周你表现很好，所以今天咱们去动物园玩”！“噢耶”！我兴奋地跳了起来，心想：终于可以去动物园了，又可以看老虎、大象……我准备好了之后我大声喊了句：“出发喽！”

刚进大门，我就被眼前的景象惊呆了。哇！一只小猴子正向我们挥手呢！我兴奋地跑过去想看个究竟，原来这只小猴子是迎宾的，游客们喜欢极了，纷纷喂小猴子吃东西，只见它一只手拿香蕉，另一只手拿苹果，左一口右一口狼吞虎咽了起来，时不时还这儿抓抓、那儿挠挠，有趣极了。看着它那副滑稽样儿，我便哈哈大笑起来。

“女儿，过来看孔雀！”爸爸大声叫到，我飞快地跑了过来。只见一只孔雀昂着头，挺着胸，长长的羽毛托在地上，好像唯我独尊，很骄傲的样子。我拿出一条丝巾，在孔雀面前晃来晃去，好像在炫耀我自己比它漂亮。孔雀好像不服气，抖了抖身子，“哗啦——”的一下展开了漂亮的羽毛，“哇噻”！开屏后的孔雀真像一把大扇子，还不停的抖动着羽毛。游客们纷纷赞赏，貌似孔雀嘴里咕咕地叫着，好像在说：“瞧我漂亮吧！你还敢和我比美丽哼！”人们一边逗着孔雀，一边欣赏着孔雀开屏的美丽场景。

我和爸爸来到了长颈鹿馆，我向饲养员阿姨要了一把草让我喂下长颈鹿，在饲养员阿姨的陪同下我来到了一只长颈鹿面前。我把手伸过去，那只长颈鹿果真来了，它把头慢慢的凑过来，我紧张的闭起了眼睛，还闭得很紧，心想：它不会咬到我的手吧！长颈鹿吃了起来，我慢慢克服了心理的恐惧睁开眼睛。看见长颈鹿可爱的吃相我顿时不害怕了，我轻轻的摸它的头，它没有躲而是乖巧的让我摸它的头。看见那么可爱的长颈鹿我一点也不害怕了，而是开心的笑了起来！

我们还看了熊猫林，狮子山，松鼠乐园，蛇林，鳄鱼塘等等，让我大开了眼界，丰富了知识。最后，爸爸又带我去和两只小老虎合影，这对我来说不仅是一个美好的回忆，还是难忘的一天!

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

关于大学生兼职的英语作文:

Taking a Part-Time Job

Nowadays, many people think that college students should take a part-time job for several advantages. For one thing, it gives the students a chance to know the society to learn to be independent. For another, they can also get financial reward and working experience as well, which is helpful to their growth. Whats more, they can put what they have learned into practice, and know their strong and weak points so that they can improve their studies and personalities, which are beneficial in their later lives.

However, still many people think taking part-time job may have some negative effects on students. In their opinions, it will take them much time and energy, and will affect their studies as a result. Whats worse, some students may be so keen on making money that they may neglect their studies in the end.

In my opinion, I am in favor of taking a part-time job. But we have to keep a balance between the job and the study. After all, study is our main task at school.

关于大学生宿舍安全问题:

Campus Security

Campus security has been a big topic many people pay great attention to. Students fight,injury and being robbed can be heard of from time to time.Some students have fights with each other,some are injured unexpetedly,some students belongings such as ,bikes and cell phones are stolen.Whats more,some students are extorted money by the bad boys in society.

What has caused these problemsIn my opinion,the reasons are as follow.First of all,students nowadays have less awareness of law.They cant tell what is legal and what is not.Second,schools dont have a good management. People in society can enter them easily.These people go into the campus,stealing and fighting.

But how to solve the problemsWe should strengthen the education on law in school,letting the students know what is right and what is not.Were supposed to place great emphasis on campus management.Only students can go into the campus and people in society can not without permission. I hope our campus is a safe and peaceful place for us to learn.

有关大学生结婚问题:

Since September this year, the college students are now allowed to get married in campus, which is declared officially by the National Education Bureau. The results of this issue take a broad influence on the colleges, even on the whole society. Some are in favor of it while some are against it. Whether college students should be allowed to set up a family has become a hot topic to be fiercely argued from then on.

Some believe it is reasonable for college students to select marriage in campus. Firstly, the college students have reached the national legal ages. Secondly, suppose two students are fall in love with each other. Is it necessary for them to struggle to avoid marriage until graduationThe couples are supposed to help each other, love each other and conduct the harmonious little family on their own. All the matters they are faced with will not only help them taste sweet produced by family but also get to know the hardness to sustain a family. Furthermore, college students are usually to be found living together. Such behavior has no difference from those done

after marriage. We should rather legalize such behavior than put aside them to happen secretly. However, some think it more negative than positive for college students to get married on campus. In their opinion, the college students, especially male students, are too young to be likely to shoulder the burdens brought by family and take the relative responsibility. On the other hand, it is showed by study that the devoice rate of those who get married early is much higher than that of those who get married late or at right time. Such high devoice rate is mainly due to the less consideration taken before marriage, even being a totally prompt impulse to some extent. Some stubborn problem appears gradually after marriage, which leads to the mutual discontents between couples and end up in devoice as a solution.

It that case, I think, with more supports from parents and society, we can cope with study and love more intellectually if we ideally balance the positive and the negative caused by marriage on campus.

关于大学生就业问题:

Today’s college students face choices unheard of years ago. Terms like two way selection, self-employment are not new to them. Many students swarm (蜂拥) into job market or look every talent fair (人才交流会) for potential employers. The concept of selling (推销) oneself rather than hiding oneself is well accepted by students.

Hunting a job is no small matter. Instead, it is probably one of the most, if not the most, important decisions any of would-be graduates can make in a lifetime. Therefore, they are very serious and cautious when that time comes. It is something that the society has taught them.Now more and more students lose their jobs when they graduate from school. Its easy for some students to find work. But the fact is that some students think the salary is so low that they dont want to do the job, they except to find an easy work with a higher salary. Like the reason above,some jobs have nobody to do it ,but somebody is free with no job.

As the job market gets shrinking, it has also become a must for undergraduates (在校本科生)to work harder than before to keep their competitive edge (保持竞争地位). More students are engaged in their studies with no distractions (分心，干扰). They are investing today for a promising (大有希望的，前途无量的) tomorrow.

As far as Im concerned, those students who want to find a higher salary but have no better job to do should be do an easy work from basic.Work hard on ,I believe through their hardworking theyll get a better job soon.

[竞争 英语作文

the 15-day celebration of chinese new year

the first day of the lunar new year is the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth.many people abstain from meat on the first day of the new year because it is believed that this will ensure long and happy lives for them.

on the second day, the chinese pray to their ancestors as well as to all the gods. they are extra kind to dogs and feed them well as it is believed that the second day is the birthday of all dogs.

the third and fourth days are for the sons-in-laws to pay respect to their parents-in-law.

the fifth day is called po woo. on that day people stay home to welcome the god of wealth. no one visits families and friends on the fifth day because it will bring both parties bad luck.

on the sixth to the 10th day, the chinese visit their relatives and friends freely. they also visit the temples to pray for good fortune and health.

the seventh day of the new year is the day for farmers to display their produce. these farmers make a drink from seven types of vegetables to celebrate the occasion. the seventh day is also considered the birthday of human beings. noodles are eaten to promote longevity and raw fish for success.

on the eighth day the fujian people have another family reunion dinner, and at midnight they pray to tian gong, the god of heaven.

the ninth day is to make offerings to the jade emperor.

the 10th through the 12th are days that

[高中关于元宵节的英语作文

Dear editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

The generation gap is unavoidable in almost every family, which brings

about a number of conflicts in a family. In my opinion, to limit the bad effects

of the generation gap, each family should use the following three methods:

First of all, it is important that family members discuss openly about

their pleasures or sadness in childhood in family gatherings. This activity does

not only create a close relationship but also help build up understanding among

all members. For instance, once children are aware that their grandparents and

even their parents did not have a good upbringing during their hard childhood,

they will stop complaining about the previous generations’ obsoleteness. In the

meantime, once old people realize young people are nurtured in a new modern way,

it is easy for them to be tolerant of young people’s new habits or hobbies.

Secondly, people of each generation should not develop a very high feeling

about themselves. In order to do that, they should not think that they are the

only right people in their family because each person has his or her own

limitations. Teenagers would realize that their parents have to struggle with

pain to support them financially, and they would stop rebelling their

strictness. Parents would realize that their children’s new style does no harm

to their studies and stop imposing their own unsuitable standards on their

children.

Finally, the generation gap and its bad effects can be limited if all

members cooperate to build up a close-knit family relationship and a harmonious

atmosphere in which they are open and tolerant of each other. I strongly believe

that each family, by doing that, can enjoy a cozy atmosphere with minimum

interference by the generation gap.

Taking The Exercise

Today, as the development of the electronic products, people like to use

the electronic products very much. They count on these products because they are

so convenient and funny. So people pay a lot of attention on the electronic

products, and most people even don’t like to go out and they spend all the day

playing the computer games.

Staying too much time indoors is not good for people’s health, they need to

walk out of the house and take the exercise. It is advised that we should take

exercise for an hour everyday. We can take the jogging early in the morning or

in the evening. We not only can take in the fresh air, but also can see the

different scenery.

If we take the regular exercise, we will keep the strong body and when are

old, we can go any place we want to.

参加锻炼

今天，随着电子产品的发展，人们很喜欢使用电子产品。他们依赖于这些产品，因为电子产品不仅方便，也很有趣。因此人们把注意力都放在了电子产品，大部分人甚至不喜欢外出，整天呆在家玩电脑游戏。

呆在室内太长时间不利于人们的健康，他们需要走出室内，参加锻炼。据建议，我们应该每天锻炼一个小时。我们可以在早上或者傍晚慢跑，不仅可以呼吸新鲜的空气，也可以看到不同的风景。

如果我们坚持有规律的锻炼，就能保持强壮的身体，当我们老了，还能去任何想去的地方。

导语：“一带一路”是促进共同发展、实现共同繁荣的合作共赢之路，是增进理解信任、加强全方位交流的和平友谊之路。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Talk of a new Silk Road may be intended to evoke romantic, non-threatening images of desert caravans, ancient ships and trade in exotic commodities. But China’s grand plan for a network of railways, highways, pipelines and ports across central Asia, and around Southeast Asia is generating anxiety in New Delhi.

With the 3,488km border between the two Asian neighbours still a matter of formal dispute, Indian strategic policy analysts are divided on whether China’s new Silk Road project is a strategic and economic threat to their country — or an opportunity. Many see the project — which the Chinese have called One Belt, One Road (OBOR) — as something that must be carefully navigated, as Beijing develops large projects in countries that India considers part of its natural sphere of influence. However, New Delhi lacks the financial power to offer a credible alternative.

“The Indian government is very careful about the way it handles the China rhetoric, and it isn’t ready to come out arms swinging against OBOR, but it is sitting with its arms folded making it very clear that it will not endorse the project if it doesn’t like the way it was put together as a Chinese fait accompli,” says Shashank Joshi, a senior research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, a British defence and security think-tank.

“They cannot be seen to be outwardly hostile to a scheme which many smaller Asian neighbours view as a good opportunity for large flows of Chinese capital that India cannot deliver,” he says.

Brahma Chellaney, professor of strategic studies at New Delhi’s Centre for Policy Research, sees China’s new Silk Road initiative as a repackaging — in more palatable terms — of China’s so-called “string of pearls” strategy, which India views as an attempt to strategically encircle it.

The “string of pearls” theory argues that Chinese investment in ports in south Asia is a precursor to developing overseas naval bases. China has, for example, already built a major port at Hambantota in Sri Lanka, which overlooks important shipping lanes that carry much of the world’s oil trade, and which India views as strategically important for its own defence.

The visit of Chinese submarines at the Colombo port in 2014 raised fears that the facility’s purpose is not economic but military. Chinese investment is also planned for ports in Bangladesh and Myanmar, raising concerns that they may serve a dual purpose.

“The new Silk Road is just a nice new name for the strategy they’ve been pursuing,” says Mr Chellaney. “They’ve wrapped that strategy in more benign terms. The Chinese dream is pre-eminence in Asia, and this goes to the heart of that dream.”

“It’s not just a trade initiative,” he says. “What China is doing has a strategic element that is increasingly obvious.”

India is most exercised about plans for a $$46bn economic corridor linking China and Pakistan, India’s nuclear-armed neighbour and rival. That blueprint envisions goods travelling from China’s western region to Pakistan’s Gwadar, a once sleepy Arabian Sea port now run by the China Overseas Port Holding Company. It is considered a staging point between central Asia and the Gulf.

Part of the corridor will pass through Pakistan-held Kashmir, a territory that is still the subject of a decades-old, unresolved dispute between India and Pakistan. Indian analysts say that acceptance of the corridor would effectively acknowledge Pakistan’s rights over the territory now under its control, while India’s own claims over Kashmir have yet to be resolved — something New Delhi considers unacceptable. “This is a large scale project bringing People’s Liberation Army personnel [said to be guarding some project locations] right into the heart of what India considers to be occupied territory,” Mr Joshi says.

At a recent conference in Gwadar, Pakistan’s Army Chief, General Raheel Sharif, accused India of deliberately attempting to undermine the project. “India, our neighbour, has openly challenged this development initiative,” he said. “We will not allow anyone to create impediments or turbulence in any parts of Pakistan.”

But wary as India may be of Chinese ambitions, analysts say New Delhi needs to take a measured approach to the new Silk Road, and embrace individual components.

India is already a member of the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which will finance much of the infrastructure, potentially giving it some leverage over how the plan unfolds.

“For every belt they create, and every road that we create, can we create a slip road that connects Indian opportunities to the larger global market rather than reject it outright?” asks Samir Saran, of the Observer Research Foundation. “Can we?…?use their institutions to our own advantage?”

【参考译文】

“新丝绸之路”的说法或许是有意唤起人们对沙漠商队、古代商船以及舶来品贸易的不具威胁的浪漫联想。但是，中国对横穿中亚和环绕东南亚的铁路网、公路网、输油管线路以及港口的宏伟计划，正在引起新德里方面的焦虑。

在这两个亚洲邻居之间3488千米的边界仍然处于正式纠纷状态的情况下，对于中国“新丝绸之路”项目是否对印度构成战略和经济威胁，抑或带来机遇，印度的战略政策分析人士意见分歧。很多人认为，必须谨慎应对中方所称的“一带一路”(One Belt, One Road)项目，因为中国将要在印度认为属于其天然影响范围的一些国家开发大型项目。然而，新德里方面缺乏提供可信替代选择的财力。

“印度政府对待中国的措辞非常谨慎，它没有准备好跳出来明确反对‘一带一路’，但是它双臂交叉坐着等待，表明如果它不喜欢这个项目被当作中方既成事实的方式，它就不会支持该项目，”英国国防和安全智库——皇家联合军种研究院(Royal United Services Institute)高级研究员沙善?乔希(Shashank Joshi)表示。

“他们不能从表面上被看出来对一带一路怀有敌意，因为该计划被很多亚洲较小邻国视为引入大量中国资本的良机，而这类资本是印度无力输送的，”他表示。

新德里政策研究中心(Centre for Policy Research)战略研究教授布拉马?切拉尼(Brahma Chellaney)把中国的“新丝绸之路”计划视为——以更容易让人接受的方式——对中国“珍珠链”战略的重新包装;印度把这一战略视为中国企图对其实施战略包围。

按照“珍珠链”理论，中国在南亚投资建设港口是开发海外海军基地的先兆。例如，中国已经在斯里兰卡的汉班托特(Hambantota)建设了一个大型港口;斯里兰卡濒临全球很大一部分原油贸易必经的重要航道，同时印度认为斯里兰卡对其自己的国防具有战略重要性。

2014年中国海军潜艇访问斯里兰卡科伦坡港，此举引发了人们对于该港的用途并非经贸而是军用的担忧。中国在孟加拉国和缅甸投资的港口也在规划中，引发了人们对于这些港口可能军民两用的担忧。

“‘新丝绸之路’只是给他们在一直追求的战略换了一个好听的新名字，”切拉尼称，“他们给该战略换了一身更加和善的包装。中国的梦想是称雄亚洲，而该计划处于中国梦的核心。”

“它不只是一个贸易倡议，”他称，“中国在做的事情带有战略元素，这一点日益明显。”

印度最担心的是连接中国和巴基斯坦的460亿美元经济走廊计划;巴基斯坦是印度的邻国以及对手，拥有核武器。按照该计划的蓝图，商品将从中国西部运往巴基斯坦的瓜达尔港(Gwadar)。瓜达尔曾经是坐落于阿拉伯海之滨的一个沉寂的港口，如今由中国海外港口控股有限公司(China Overseas Port Holding Company)经营。它被认为是中亚和海湾地区之间的中转点。

中巴经济走廊的一部分将穿过克什米尔地区巴基斯坦控制的部分，该地区是印度和巴基斯坦之间好几十年未能解决的领土纠纷的对象。印度分析人士表示，接受这条经济走廊相当于承认巴基斯坦对目前在其控制下的那部分克什米尔领土的主权，而印度本身对克什米尔的主权主张尚未解决——这在新德里方面看来是无法接受的。“这是一项大规模的工程，会把解放军人员(据称是为了守卫一些项目地点)直接带到被印度视为被占领土的心脏地带，”皇家联合军种研究院的乔希表示。

最近在瓜达尔召开的一次会议上，巴基斯坦陆军参谋长拉希勒?谢里夫上将(Raheel Sharif)指责印度企图破坏该项目。“我们的邻国印度公开叫板这个开发项目，”他称，“我们不会允许任何人在巴基斯坦任何地方制造障碍或引起动荡。”

但是，尽管印度可能对中国的野心抱有戒心，但是分析师称，新德里需要有分寸地对待新丝绸之路，欢迎某些个别项目。

印度已经是中国主导创立的亚洲基础设施投资银行(AIIB，简称亚投行)的成员国之一，而该行将为很多基础设施项目提供资金，这可能会使印度在该计划如何展开的问题上具有一些影响力。

“对于他们创建的每一带和每一路，我们能不能打造一条匝道，让印度的机遇与更大的全球市场互联互通，而不是把这个计划一概拒之门外?”新德里观察者研究基金会(Observer Research Foundation)的萨米尔?萨兰(Samir Saran)称，“我们能把他们的机构为我所用吗?”