以肢体语言为话题的高中英语作文(合集20篇)

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

从前，在森林里住着一群无忧无虑的小鸟。在鸟王的带领下，过着快乐的日子。但是，有一天，猎人的枪声打破了这里的静谧。鸟王从一位仙女的口中得知：太平洋的对面的森林是鸟儿们的净地。鸟王为了它的臣民的安全，决定出发了。

这群鸟儿出发了。刚开始，海面上风平浪静，它们跟着鸟王一路说说笑笑轻松地向前飞。可是天公不作美，不一会儿，天空变得灰暗，空中响起了雷鸣，打起了闪电，海面波涛汹涌。鸟儿们惊慌失措，顿时一团混乱。在这紧要关头，鸟王飞出来镇定自如地说：“同伴们，不要怕，跟着我飞。”鸟儿们咬紧牙关，顶着风雨，飞了过去。他们不知道接下来还有什么难关等着他们。

雨过天晴，鸟儿们继续踏上旅程。但好景不长，空中出现几只肚子空空如也的老鹰。一只老鹰在空中盘旋时，发现了这群鸟儿，心想：真是得来全不费工夫呀!这么多鸟，够我们几个饱餐一顿了。老鹰们马上向目标飞去。鸟儿们四处逃窜，鸟王立即组织鸟儿们一起抗敌。它朝老鹰一指：“同伴们，我们的天敌——老鹰，来吃我们了。我们不能只顾自己逃，我们一定要勇往直前，奋力抗敌。”鸟儿们全部大叫：“勇往直前，毫不退缩。”大家蜂拥而上，人多力量大，鸟儿们用尖利的嘴巴赶走了老鹰。

一眨眼，春天过了，炎热的夏天来迎接这群虽然疲惫不堪但仍然坚持的鸟儿们。太阳发出强烈的光芒，他们忍受着日照的炙烤，不时衔来树枝扔在水面上，停在树枝上，任树枝向前流淌。一只大海龟游了过来：“孩子们，你们这是往哪儿去呀?”“我们去太平洋对面的森林。”鸟儿们齐声回答。“那你们可要小心了，这水里住着一只凶猛的大白鲨。”“海龟爷爷，谢谢你的提醒，再见。”鸟王感激地说。话音刚落，突然前面不远处涌起层层大浪，水中杀手——大白鲨出场了。鸟儿们立即奋力向空中飞去。鸟王边飞边说：“快，快飞到天空。”可已经有几只小鸟被“请”到鲨鱼的肚子里“做客”了。鸟王边流泪边说;“同伴们，我们已经战胜了雷雨和老鹰，我们还怕鲨鱼不成?冲呀。”鸟王和其他鸟儿齐心协力，终于将鲨鱼赶回了水底。

有志者事竟成，半年后，这群鸟儿经过了不懈的努力，克服了种.种困难，终于跨越了太平洋，来到了它们向往的梦一般的鸟儿们的“梦幻仙境”。

25 Jinjiang Road

Nanjing

June 12,2011

Dear Yu Xin,

Glad to have got your letter. It makes me exciting that you are coming to

Nanjing and stay here for a week. I think we can meet each other and have a good

time together. Now, let me tell you something about Suzhou. Suzhou is famous for

its beautiful gardens. According to official datas, there are more than100 in

total. They have enjoy great popularity in history for a long time. Among them,

the Tiger Hill is my favorite. Thousands of years ago, a king was said to be

buried there with his treasure. For such a long time, many people explored these

treasure but nobody have found. Except for this legend, the scenery there is

beautiful and we can enjoy it there. I have taken some pictures there, and I

will send you some via e-mail. Suzhou is worthy of visting. I am look forward to

your coming early.

Truely yours,

Shi Yang

I still remember the first time I went to the zoo.

When I was only five years old, my mother took me there.We took the camera and went to the station together. There were so many monkeys, tigers, lions, wolves and other animals in the zoo. We took many photos in the zoo with the animals. I was pleased to see so many real animals at the same time. They seemed so lovely and active.

I spent a nice day. But on my way home, I began to feel sorry for them. They were taken away from their parents and friends and also far away from the nature. They must have felt lonely, I thought. Every day, the only thing they could do was to sit there and wait for food.

我仍然记得第一次去动物园的那一天。

5岁那年，妈妈带我去动物园。我们带了相机一起过去。那里有猴子、老虎、狮子和狼等等，我们跟它们照了很多相。我很高兴能同时看见那么多活灵活现的动物，他们看上去又活泼又可爱。

我度过了快乐的一天。可是在我回家的路上，我开始替它们难过起来。人们把它们从父母和朋友身边捉走，它们一定感觉很孤单，我想。它们每天惟一可做的事就是等着人们来喂食。

六年级时，老师布置了一项特殊的作业——采访身边的一个人。对于一向沉默寡言、不善交际的我来说，这无疑“难于上青天”。

一道难题如大山般横梗在了我的面前。我的脸上立马乌云密布。

但师命难违。无奈之余，我开始寻找目标。可任我绞尽脑汁、苦思冥想，也只是枉然。幸好妈妈适时点拨，一番斟酌后，我终于把目标锁定在了小区物业管理人员身上。

迫不及待地拿出纸和笔，开始制定“作战”计划。良久，一份“无懈可击”的方案便呈现在眼前。我嘴角微微一笑，心中不无得意！

可胆怯的我，却迟迟不敢实施计划。眼看着星期天悄然逝去，我心急如焚，却一筹莫展，几乎到了山穷水尽的地步。

妈妈看出了我的忧虑，便鼓励我道：“胆小是你最大的敌人，尝试着去战胜它，那么你的生活中便多了一个朋友——勇气。”我嘴上应着，可仍忧心忡忡，无动于衷。

渐渐地，暮色四合。脑中始终盘旋着采访之事，可我始终迈不开步。时针赫然指向了八点，一个严峻的问题摆在了我面前：再不去物业要关门了！

箭在弦上,不得不发了!我调整呼吸，酝酿了一番情绪后，鼓起勇气向物业管理处走去。可我的心却忐忑不安：万一管理人员拒绝我的采访，那不是很尴尬吗？

不知不觉来到了物业门口。我伸出手准备敲门，可不知怎地，“胆小”一下子又漫上心头！我的思绪突然中断了，举起的手猛地缩回，先前的勇气和信心荡然无存。

如果有可能，我正想逃离此地！但作业怎么办？老师心中挺乖巧的我，作业可从来没有敷衍过啊！我暗暗告诉自己要镇定。

硬着头皮闯了进去，结结巴巴地向工作人员说明了来意。出乎我的意料，他竟爽快地答应了。出师大捷。我不禁欣喜若狂！可就在这节骨眼上，我却不知所云，只是手足无措地愣怔在那。管理人员看出了我的窘迫，态度异常亲切。在她的鼓励下，我渐渐恢复了常态，进入了角色。一番询问和记录后，我顺利完成了第一次采访任务。

如释重负……

今晚的月亮很圆，很亮。朦胧中，我看到月下的夹竹桃开得正盛……

这次采访，让我受益匪浅。我懂得了，生活需要勇气。朋友们，大胆地去尝试吧，尽情绽放生命的绚丽色彩，成功定会在不远处等着你！

Every year, the income of celebrities will be revealed by the media and the number always surprises the public, because for an ordinary person, they will never earn such income all his life. This year, the new list has come out and the female singer Taylor Swift is on the top. She earned more than 100 million dollar in a year. When we look at the second income, which is much less than Taylor. The world is shocked by this young girl’s great income, they have to admitted that they admire her. Taylor Swift became very popular these years and as she got fame and money, there came the criticism. Some people criticized her for her love affair, they thought she used it to promote her songs. The fact is that Taylor’s songs are favored by fans and they support her all the time.

thanknot onlbrightensomeone elseworld, it brightenyours. if youre feeling left out, unloved or unappreciated, trreaching out to others. it mabe just the medicine you need.

before a. j. cronin became a bestselling author, he waa doctor. once he told about a colleague who gave an unusual prescription to patientafflicted with worry, fear, discouragement or self-doubt. the doctor called it hithank-you cure. for six weeki want you to sathank you whenever anyone doeyou a favor. and to show you mean it, emphasize the wordwith a smile. within six weekmost of the doctorpatientshowed great improvement.collected by

of course, there are timewhen you cant expresgratitude immediately. in that case dont let embarrassment sink you into silence -- speak up the first time you have the chance.

i recentlreturned home to montpelier, ohio, for a short visit. memorieof mboyhood flooded back ai walked the familiar streets. then i saw mrs. bible, and mmind flashed back to high school.collected by

i waa freshman, more interested in sportthan school work, and i wafalling behind in mlatin class. then violet bible, a neighbor who waa schoolteacher, found out about mproble oh, latingreat fun, she told me. come over tonight after dinner and ill show you. for the next several weeks, she tutored me until i could conjugate with the best of them -- well, almost. anyway, i passed. at the callow age of 14 it seemed perfectlnatural to me that a working wife and mother had nothing better to do after a hard daywork than tutor me in latin.collected by

now ai saw her, i realized what an uncommon sacrifice it had been. and, after all those years, i told her so! what you did wawabeyond the call of duty, i said. thank you. i warewarded with a surprised smile and a sparkle in her eyes.

each human being iyearning for kind wordof appreciation. in december 1991, 17-year-old candi browncar overturned; the roof collapsed and crushed her skull. the crewof engine compan8 and med 15 in grayson, ga., rushed her to gwinnett medical center. doctortold her parentto prepare for the worst. but candi survived. a year later the familserved a holidadinner to the gwinnett countfirefighterand emergencmedical technicians. during dinner candi, whose goal ito walk naturallagain, rose painfulland said, thank you for helping god save mlife and giving me a second chance. i love you. collected by.

Recently, the news reported a fireman was retired and he handed in an application for his dog, which had worked with him for more than eight years. The fireman wanted his “brother” to go home with him, because the dog had also came to his time for retirement. The story moves so many people, the relationship between animal and human being is always the most touching. Dogs are men’s loyal friends, their affection to master is pure and true. In the movie Hachi, the dog spends all his life to wait for the return of his master. Everybody can’t help tearing when they see this scene. The fireman and his dog had been a team for many years and they are families. There are so many stories like them, animal are our friends, the harmonious environment will be built if animals and human beings get well along.

Nowadays, pets become so close and friendly to our human-beings that more

and more people enjoy keeping them. Pets can bring them a lot of joys and

happiness, because playing with pets is a good way to communicate with the

nature. Besides, pets can comfort old people who live alone. With the companion

of pets, they won’t feel lonely. Nevertheless, I’m not interested in keeping

pets at all. For one thing, keeping pets is bad for environmental protection,

since pets usually make a lot of noise and contaminate the roads. For another,

the virus carried by pets may cause fatal disease. What’s more, sometimes pets

may attack people when they are unhappy. Consequently, we had better not keep

too many pets, so as to ensure our health and security. Besides, those pet

lovers must take some effective measures to prevent their pets from hurting

people and polluting our environment.

Tourism is becoming an increasingly important industry in China. Our government has taken effective measures to improve this new industry over the past few years. For example, it has explored many appealing Scenic and historic spots. Tourists from all over the world come in floek to China every year.

But people differ as to the advantages and disadvantages of the tourist industry.Those who are in favour of tourism argue that our country can benefit a lot from it. For one thing,it is a large source of foreign exchange and an important part of national planning aswell. For another,we may well say thattourism can help to promote the understanding and friendship among the peoples of different countries.The main reason why some people oppose tourism is that the masses cannot benefit from it because the pressure of too many tourists means the higher prices of goods.

Inspite of this, I think its gains outweigh its losses. It also meansmore employment and more income for the country. For this reason the tourist industry Should be developed vigorously so as to meet the needs of our socialist economy.

[以旅游为话题的英语作文

导语：童年正如一片金色的田野，处处洋溢着丰收的喜悦，欢声笑语，醉人香息。童年往事，就像那一棵棵金黄的稻穗，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I always dream about returning to the past. As many people say, childhood is the happiest and easiest time in one’s life. Children show you their true emotions.

They know what is compassion and what is tolerance better than adults.

In their world, all real thoughts are presented.

They may easily have different opinions with others, but they never understand what is animosity.

They enjoy making friends but they never think about making social communication net. Every child talks from the bottom of his heart without evil plans hidden and never intrigues against each other.

Only in children’s way can adults make our life simple, more real and more enjoyable.

I wish everyone’s heart would keep as innocent and lovely as they ever did in their childhood. Then, the walls between our hearts can be broken down and the world would be a better place to live in.

【参考译文】

我总是梦想回到过去。正如许多人所说的，童年是人生中最快乐、最容易的时光。孩子们向你展示真实的情感。

他们懂得什么是同情，什么比成年人更宽容。

在他们的世界里，所有的真实想法都被提出。

他们可以很容易地与别人有不同的意见，但是他们不知道什么是仇恨。

他们喜欢交朋友，但他们从不考虑社交网络。每一个孩子都会谈从心底没有邪恶的计划和隐藏的阴谋永远不会对对方。

只有在孩子的方式，成人使我们的生活更简单，更真实，更令人愉快。

我希望每个人的心都像他们的童年一样天真可爱。然后，我们的心之间的墙壁可以被打破，世界将是一个更好的地方住。

假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友MIKE 想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike 写一封e-mail，向他介绍我国传统节日春节的情况。

内容提示：1.春节是中国最重要的传统节日;

2.春节期间人们的主要活动(节前、除夕、节日期间)

提示词语：Spring Festival， traditional， decorate， on the eve of the festival，

get together， set off fireworks， lucky money

根据中文大意和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的短文。所给英文提示词供选用。注意：不要写出你的真实姓名和校名。

【参考范文】

Dear Mike，

How are you? I’m really glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese

festivals. There are many traditional festivals in China， such as Spring

Festival， Mid-Autumn Day and so on. I’d like to introduce the Spring Festival to

you.

Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. It

usually lasts for 15 days.Days before the festival， people clean their houses.

They think cleaning sweeps any bad luck. They decorate their houses with paper

cuts. On the eve of the festival， family members get together and have big

meals. Then they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight， they set off

fireworks to welcome the New Year. During the festival， kids get lucky money

from old people. People visit their relatives and friends. They wish one another

a happy year and good luck. How happy we are.

Best wishes!

Yours，

Liu Wei

As we all know, pollution is harmful to living beings. There are many different types of pollutions in this world. For instance, water pollution, air pollution, noise pollution and so on. Water pollution cause many kinds of disease that have negative effects on human beings, sometimes the diseases will take people’s life away. Dirty air will increase the rate of getting lung cancer. While the noise pollution will cause insomnia. People’s health condition will be damaged.

In my humble opinion, people should take measures to control the pollution. Recently, not only the government, but also individual has taken part in the action of protecting the environment. This is a good sign. Rivers are being cleaned, air is purified, and the people come to realize that the importance of protecting the environment.

However, this is not enough, the problems are still exist. Not all of them have been solved. Some factories are still pouring dirty water into the rivers or give off the toxic gas into the sky. We should know that protecting the environment needs everybody’s effort.

英国作家莎士比亚说：“真正勇敢的人，应当能够智慧地忍受最难堪的屈辱，不以身外的荣辱介怀，用息事宁人的态度避免无谓的横祸。”

在大家看来，故事中的小乌鸦很愚蠢，但我不这么认为，小乌鸦虽没有老鹰凶猛和有力的翅膀。小乌鸦认为自己能和鹰一样，一遍又一遍地苦练，尽管失败了，我们认为他人是一个胜利者，因为它的勇气就是值得赞扬的。

今年发生的地震中，那些幸存的人，是靠什么活下来的？水？不，是勇气，是勇气让他们如此勇敢地面对死神。是勇气让他们创造了一个又一个的生命奇迹；奥运会中，女子个人射箭比赛冠军张娟娟，体操权的冠军杨威等奥运冠军，都是因为有“我一定会战胜对手”的勇气，才获得冠军的。

记得看过一个故事有家公司的老板招聘雇员，有三个人去应聘，老板对第一个应聘者说，楼道有个玻璃窗，你用拳头把它击碎。应聘者执行了，幸喜那不是一块真玻璃，不然他的手就会严重受伤。老板又对第二个应聘者说，这里有一桶脏水，你把它泼到清洁工身上去，她此刻正在楼道拐角处那个小屋里休息，你不要说话，推开门泼到她身上就是了。这位应聘者提着脏水出去，找到那间小屋，推开门，果见一位女清洁工坐在那里。他也不说话，把脏水泼在她头上，回头就走，向老板交差。老板此时告诉他，坐在那里的不过是个蜡像。老板最后对第三个应聘者说，大厅里有个胖子，你去狠狠击他两拳。这位应聘者说：对不起，我没有理由去击他，即使有理由，我也不能用击打的方法。我因此可能不会被您录用，但我也不执行您这样的命令。第三个人被应聘，他被聘用的原因不仅仅因为他是一个理性的人，更重要的是他是一个勇敢的人。

在电视上，我常常看到一些关于青少年自杀的重大事件，这些年轻的生命为何选择轻生，离开鲜花初绽的人生舞台呢？缺乏勇气，是他们选择轻生的主要原因。

如果说生活中的困难与挫折是一把锁，那么勇气就是打开这把锁的钥匙；勇气就是光明的使者，它能将人从黑暗的泥沼中拉出，帮助我们战胜困难，开创自己的一片新天地。

家，是一个温馨的地方，曾经可能是让我那么得讨厌，但是我仍然会不自觉地踏进去的地方。家，真是一个神奇的地方！

小时候的我，真的是那么得任性，现在回想起来也是难堪！看见自己想玩的玩具，就让爸爸买；不买，就哭，逼迫爸爸买。最后爸爸没辙了，只能买。买回家又没玩多久，就又不玩了。这当然少不了训斥，我内心反而责怪爸爸烦，现在想起来，脸都不自觉地变红了。

升入小学后，我交到许多的朋友，我与朋友之间的友情越来越深厚，我却与那个家变得莫名的越来越远。有一次，我和朋友走在回家的路上，用雨伞当作宝剑打来打去。突然，我最好的一个朋友把一个人的雨伞打坏了。那人立刻就向他索要赔偿。当时的我也是头脑发热，一下子把我从一年级攒到四年级的所有钱都帮他赔了去。当时我只想凸显朋友的友谊情深，却忘记了这是我爸爸每天省下的早饭钱。爸爸知道了以后，说了我几句闲话，而我在心里却说：这是我自己的零花钱，关你什么事？现如今我再想起来，都不敢正视父亲的苍老的脸庞了。

最后到现在的初三，学生变得无比繁忙，每天都和父亲一样早出晚归了。当我回来时，看见的父亲劳累的脸，而父亲看见我回来了，却强打精神，说：“回来了，今天吃你最爱吃的洋葱炒牛柳。”看见父亲疲劳而又苍老的面孔，这时的我开始心疼父亲，便说了一句：“晚上随便吃点就好了。”于是我走进房间，轻轻地关上了门。门外传来炒菜的声音，而我却在回想小时候与父亲、与这个家的点点滴滴，不仅仅有羞耻，更多的还是与这个家无比温馨的时候。敢在父亲面前喊出中二的台词，敢主动和父亲拥抱，那是小时的我；而现在的我，只想要父亲再年轻二十岁，回到父亲当初年轻的样子，因为我还没有看见过他没有皱纹的样子。

有了父亲，有了这个家，才有了我，这样幸福的我。父亲，谢谢你！家，谢谢你！

We need to follow all kinds of public rules, such as the manner rules and

the traffic regulation. If we break the rules, then all the work will be out of

order and everybody will suffer the loss. But few people just ignore the rules

and waste other people’s time and money.

Chinese high speed train has won many praise from foreign people. The

trains always start off as the timetable and reach the destination on time. High

speed train is popular by the public by its speed and punctuality, but what if

someone breaks the traffic rule? Recently, a video got popular on the Internet.

A woman was stuck in the door of high speed train and the staffs tried to stop

her but failed. She said her husband was on the way and she wanted the train to

start off later. How ridiculous it was. How could she let all the passengers to

wait for her. Everybody’s time is precious.

Though the woman apologized after the policemen’s education, what she did

discomforts the public. The way she acted wasted the public’s time. It is our

duty to follow rules and keep the public in order.

st important role in the environmental protection today.

In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.

Everyone has a lot of dreams.Some people want to become wealthy overnight; some people want to become well-known in the world overnight.I have a lot of dreams, too.When I was a girl, I dreamed of becoming a scientist like Hua Luogeng one day.But I know, plum flower. So I studied hard and hard for my dream when I was in high school and college.

After graduating from college, I became a teacher. Although I was busy every day, I didnt forget my dream. I still kepIn the knowledge on the road constantly groping forward, and. Now, I have made great achievements, and many of my research papers have been published, and the research results also have a very high application value.I am so happy。 Although the goal of becoming a scientist is far from it, I am still moving forward.

【翻译】

每个人都会有许多梦想。有的人想变得富有，一夜暴富;有的人想一夜成，名扬四海。我也有许多的梦想。当我还是一个女孩的时候，我就梦想着，有朝一日成为一名像华罗庚那样的科学家。但是我知道，梅花香自苦寒来。所以，我在中学和大学时为我实现我的梦想而认真刻苦的学习。

大学毕业后，我成为了一名老师，虽然我每天都很忙碌，但是我没忘记过我的梦想，我仍然不断坚持学习。在求知的道路上不断摸索前进，废寝忘食。现在，我已经小有成就了，我的多篇研究论文相继发表，研究成果也有着极高的应用价值。我很快乐。虽然，成为一名科学家目标还很远，毕竟我还是在不断向前迈进。

一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。

(一)表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。

at first 最初 for one thing?(for another)

at present 现在;当今 首先?(其次)?

currently 目前;最后 recently 最近

first(ly)第一 in general 一般说来

in the beginning 起初 one the one hand?(on the other hand)

to begin with 首先;第一 一方面?(另一方面)

first of all 首先;第一 generally speaking 一般地说

in the first place 首先;第一 on the whole 总起来说

lately 最近 to start with 首先;第一

presently 现在;此刻 now 现在

(二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。

after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时

after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地

after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果

also/too 并且;又 for example 例如

at the same time 同时 for instance 例如

beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的

Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此

in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点

in addition to? 除?之外 secondly 第二

in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地

in other words 换句话说 so 所以

in particular 特别(地) soon 不久

in the same way 同样地 still 仍然

by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后

indeed 的确 third 第三;第三点

meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三

moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次

no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如

obviously 明显地 later 后来

of course当然 truly 事实上;真实地

particularly特别地 unlike ?不像??;和??不同

what is more 而且;此外

(三)有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。

after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地

all the same 依然;照样 however 然而;无论如何

anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管??;虽然??

at the same time同时;然而 luckily 幸运地

but 但是 by this time 此时

though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地

in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地

even though即使 otherwise 否则

still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地

in fact 事实上 unlike 不像??;和??不同

as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍;然而;但是

especially 特别地

(四)有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。

above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是

as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之

as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说

as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说;整个看来

at last 最后 therefore 因此

by and large 一般说来 thus 因此

briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说

by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之

eventually 最后 surely 无疑

finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之

in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问

in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑

in short 简而言之 truly 的确

in a word 总之 so 所以

certainly 当然地;无疑地 obviously 显然

all in all 总之

二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。

(一)表示因果关系

as a result

He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination. as a result of

He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.

accordingly

He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.

because(of)

We are delayed because of a traffic jam.

due to

His success is due to his excellent work.

owing to

Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.

thanks to

Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.

now that

Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.

so long as

You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.

since

Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.

in that

The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.

so that

The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him. therefore

There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.

(二)表示解释关系

as a matter of fact

I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.

as well

I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.

frankly speaking

Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.

in this case

In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.

(三)表示推理关系

or else

Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.

otherwise

You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard. if so

If so, it will make a great difference.

烈日下，草木花都茂盛地生长着，一派生机繁荣的景象。静静地，林间透出了阳光慵懒的模样，层层薄雾顽皮地四处飘荡。没有风的足迹，却不时听到草儿互相拥挤发出的“莎莎”声，是在手舞足蹈吗？高兴的气息中，不时有蝴蝶飞舞的身影，蜜蜂勤劳的情景。轻轻的嗅一口，啊！怡人的青草芳香，让人神往！

可，在这仙境中却屹立着一面墙。一面破旧不堪的墙。

奶奶曾说过，多年前，那里有一间柴屋，一场大火吞噬了它，在众人救险下也就只剩下那么一面墙了。奇怪了，墙上有许多个“正”字。每一笔每一划都刻得很深。仿佛能呈现出一种隐约的痛。

渐渐地，一个个“正”字越累越多，便也越渐沉重，是谁会印下自己的痛。

其实……是我。

不记得从何时开始，每当我遇到不开心的事，我总会去那面没人注意，早已被遗弃的那墙上刻下一笔。将自己所有的失落都复印在那斑驳点点的墙面上，看着看着总会觉得特别伤心。

一年冬天，下了大雪，连自行车也无法自由行走。而我和母亲只能沿着回家的路徒步行走。雪很厚，将夏日的茂盛完全遮盖了起来。丝毫没有半点生机的冬季是最令人厌恶的季节。看着早已被来往徒步行走的人们所踩出的雪沟，不时觉得寒气透骨。啊！握了握拳头，双手早已冻得通红，仿佛失去了知觉一般，地好滑，看着前方兢兢战战的人们，一不小心就滑倒的样子，心中喑自生笑，厚厚的衣服裹在身上，却似轻纱一般不御寒。突然，妈妈用冻得开始颤抖的声音说：“小心一点，慢慢走。”虽然只有一句小小的关心，心却温热了。就在这时，前方急驶来一辆卡车，越来越近，越来越快。就以这样的速度，就以这样的速度从我身边擦过。好大的一阵风，好强的一阵雨啊！天哪！地上的雪全溅在了身上，又一个躲闪不及，我倒下了，倒下了，感觉天眩地转。好丢人哦，妈快来拉我一把吧！“笨死了”一只温暖而粗糙的大手和一句责备的话语向我袭来。我知道妈妈为我好，可我真的笨吗？笨到连路都走不到头。我有些失落，一回家就去拜访了那面墙。拨开雪，又刻下了一笔。从这困难中，我又获得了解开下一道难题的方法。我要变得更加坚强，就像下雪中的松柏一样。不畏风雪，屹立不倒。

不久前，墙被人“捣毁”了，它倒下的那一刻，一个个“正”字，将我的坚强完全地呈现了出来。一个个复印画像经过了三棱镜的折射，变得更加光亮。此时，情绪似乎不再那么低落，明媚的阳光也拥抱了每一个地方。而我，也懂得用坚强的心去面对每一天不同太阳。

心灵的墙永远刻着无法抹去的痛，用手轻抚着，总能感受到深深的痕，既然挥之不去，何不让我们从一个个痛中变得更强呢？

现在我想说：风雨中那点痛算什么？擦干泪不要问我为什么。

导语：人类正试图猎取野生动物以获取更大的利润，下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

As is often read in the newspaper reports, wild life especially the rare species is threatened with extinction. Human beings are making attempts to hunt wild animals for a big profit., which, of course, results in a sharp decrease in the number of animals. So it is high time for us to take quick action to protect them. First of all, its quite necessary for every citizen to realize the importance of animal protection. Only by knowing its importance can people develop a sense of responsibility. People will surely take it for granted to have the duty to prevent any killing of wild animals. So a national publicity campaign should be launched, thus giving animals a good living environment. In addition, the government should pass some laws to forbid any hunting of rare animals. We dont expect anything harmful to wild life to happen again.

If everyone is involved in the protection of wild life, were sure man will be a good friend of animals rather than their enemy.

【参考译文】

正如报纸上经常看到的那样，野生生物特别是稀有物种面临灭绝的危险。人类正试图猎取野生动物以获取更大的利润，当然，这会导致动物数量急剧减少。所以现在是我们采取行动保护他们的时候了。首先，每个公民意识到保护动物的重要性是很有必要的。只有认识到它的重要性，人们才能产生责任感。人们一定会想当然地认为有责任阻止野生动物的捕杀。开展全国性宣传活动，为动物创造良好的生存环境。此外，政府应该通过一些法律，禁止猎杀珍稀动物。我们不希望发生任何对野生动物有害的事情再次发生。

如果每个人都参与野生动物的保护，我们相信人类将是动物的好朋友，而不是敌人。