北京旅游英语作文【精品20篇】

On Jan 18, 20xx started doing business window of the Shenzhen world,was situated to the beautiful Shenzhen bay bank, the area 480,000square meters. The scenic area divides into the world square, theAsian area, the Oceanian area, the European area, the African area,the Americas area, the world sculpture garden and the internationalstreet eight wide ranges according to the world region structure andthe tour active content.

As take brings honor to the world cultureessence as the subject large-scale cultural traveling scenic area, shegathers together 130 worlds famous landscapes, the collection naturalscenery, the folk custom character and style, the folk dance, thelarge-scale performance as well as the high tech participation projectto a garden, has reappeared a wonderful world.

the beijing zoo is the largest in asia and one of the largest in the world. there are hundreds of different kinds of animals in it.

we can see yellow, green, orange and brown birds, which can sing nice songs. the elephants have a long nose and big ears and they are kind to humans. we can also see big and little monkeys running and dancing, just like happy children. pandas, with good manners, are very friendly and polite to visitors. we will certainly have a good time there.

旅游作文：北京、杭州旅游

今天，阳光灿烂，万里碧空，动物学校里传来一阵阵欢笑声，原来他们今天要到北京、杭州去旅游。

小白兔校长带着动物学生和老师来到飞机场，坐上了飞机。飞机起飞了，离学校越来越远，动物们看下去学校像蚂蚁。一会儿工夫北京到了，小动物们都下了飞机，“哇，这么漂亮!”小动物们异口同声地说。小白兔校长领着动物学生来到故宫，“好美的房子”，小白兔说：“那是故宫，很久以前明朝皇帝住的宫殿。”小动物们听了都很羡慕。他们参观了一间间房子，小白兔又带着大家来到北海，她介绍说：“北海是很大的海，闻名中外。”小白兔他们又来到天安门广场，她介绍道：“这是雄伟的天门城楼，这是金水桥，这是中国历史博物馆，这是……”。

小白兔又带着动物们来到杭州，最先来到的是西湖。小白兔说：“我给大家讲个传说，很久很久以前，女娲娘娘有一颗明珠掉在了杭州的马路上，明珠马上变成了湖，看守明珠的两位神仙不敢面见女娲娘娘，就变成了玉皇山和凤凰山，守在这湖边，此湖称为‘西湖’”。小动物们听了这个传说，非常想登上玉皇山和凤凰山。

这次旅游，北京和杭州牵住了小动物，牵住了那一天，也牵住了童年和动物们迷人的微笑。

[中考话题作文:北京、杭州旅游

My families plan to visit the interesting place p of Shanghai.We are led to the Oriental Pearl TV Tower ,a famous tourist attraction,which is on every Shanghaineses lips.It is a magnificent building located in Pudong New Area,it is the tallest building,so its very easy to see this building,even if you are several miles away it.As we get to the high floor of the Oriental Pearl TV Tower,we see the attractive viwswhich includes the Huangpu River through the window.At the moment,l suddenly moved by the builders put their soul and energy to this building and let it be a landmark of this city.

This is the trip l never forget.

参考翻译

一个令人难忘的旅行我的家庭计划参观上海.有趣的地方是东方明珠电视塔,一个著名的旅游胜地,它在上海标志.这个宏伟的建筑位于浦东新区,是最高的建筑,因此它很容易看到这种建筑,即使您不在这几英里.

当我们到达了东方明珠电视塔高的楼,我们看到了有吸引力的风景通过窗子.看黄浦江,这座大楼并让它成为具有里程碑意义的这个城市.这是此行永远不会忘记.

Friday noon, dad for coming to meet me at the school to travel to ningbo.

I take bus driving on the highway for an hour, in the famous hangzhou bay bridge, bridge on the east China sea, like a huge dragon across the hangzhou bay, majestic. From a distance has past island, under a bridge with the apron and buoy. Coach took 20 minutes to complete 36 km bridge in yuyao. I first came to the Ming and qing dynasties inherited Confucius temple, the threshold of the temple of Confucius is very high, the leg up too high to cross into, the tour guide said, this is because the Confucius temple are the sites of ancient learning, there are a lot of knowledge can go in.

On Saturday, we left the old bund - three yuyao to ningbo. We took a cruise ship, see the beautiful buildings on both sides of the Taiwan new rows, make the person feels refreshing, just like our Shanghai pudong. In the evening, we return to Shanghai on the way to the jinshan delicious dinner, the farmers there is cooking stove, burn out food meal delicious, I ate three bowls of relief, chubby belly up.

On the way home, I feel this travel very happy, not only see the magnificent ancient bridge and place for reading, and distinctive taste in food.

星期五中午，爸爸来学校接我去宁波旅游。

我乘坐客车在高速公路上开了一个小时，到了著名的杭州湾大桥，大桥架在东海上，像一条巨龙跨越杭州湾，气势磅礴。远远望去有一座座小岛，在桥下有停机坪和浮标。 客车用了二十分钟跑完了全长三十六公里的大桥到了余姚。我先来到明清遗留下来的孔庙，孔庙的门槛都很高，要把腿抬得很高才能跨进去，导游说，这是因为孔庙是古代人学习的场所，有很多学问的人才能进去。

星期六，我们离开了余姚到了宁波的老外滩——三江源。我们乘游船，看到了两岸一幢幢漂亮的新楼鳞次栉比，使人感到耳目一新，就像我们上海的浦东。 晚上，我们回上海的途中去了金山的农家乐吃饭，那里的农民是用灶台做饭的，烧出的菜饭香喷喷的，我一口气吃了三碗，涨得肚子圆滚滚的。

在回家的路上，我感到这次旅游非常快乐，不仅看到了雄伟的跨海大桥和古代人读书的场所，而且品尝到有特色的饭菜。

看了这个题目不要以为，我把北京都游玩了啊!我只游两个景点:一个景点是太平洋海底世界，另一个是颐和园。

在漫长的公车上的等待中――终于听见导游说:“大家下车10:30集合”我们进入了海底世界里，我们先向鱼区出发，在那里我们看见了一种长达3米的大鱼，然后我们见到了一种吃奶鱼。最后我们去了水母、企鹅。不过最有趣的还是水下隧道，在隧道里我们看见了鲨鱼、仙人鱼....还有许多我们叫不上来的鱼。

然后我们有坐公车去了颐和园。到那我觉得颐和园应该名叫宜和园，义为风景宜人的园子，在颐和园中有2件事一定要拿出来晒一晒，一件是在草坪中一个劲的不下来，一件是两人因为一件小事打起来了，说明我国素质还有待提高。当个中国人不容易。

Last summer holiday, I went to Hainan with my family.The weather was terrfifc! The sky was bule more than I could describe, the sea was blue and bright more than I could believe. Walking by the sea is just like being in the oil painting! We sailed to an island called Xidao. I swam there.Swimming is the sea is quite different from that in a pool. Because the depth is various all the time. Maybe the water cant afford you this minute, and then it will flow over your head! Besdieds the swimming, we also had a good meal there. We had a nice seafood dish. I forgot the name of that conch,but I bought back the shell. If you want to have a look, you may ask me. Or, we may go to Hainan together, for I am always hoping to come to that place again. I really like that place, a place of bule and brightness.

Dishonesty in Tourism

1. 近年来旅游行业中不诚信现象比较普遍

2. 出现这一现象的原-因

3. 我对这一现象的看法和建议

Since 1980s, the economy of China has developed greatly. With more money in their pockets, people are spending more money on travelling, which has brought prosperity to tourism. Nevertheless, many travel agencies or agents are reported to cheat their customers and make money in a dishonest way.

The reason for dishonesty in tourism is various. First and for most, money is the spur. Some travel agencies use all means to cheat their customers in order to get more money. Secondly, to survive in the fierce competition, travel agencies have to make enough profits. To realize profit maximization, they cheat. Last but not least, their victims seem to have little sense of defending their rights.

To regulate travel agencies and protect the rights of tourists, the government has issued various laws. However, I think tourists can take the following tips to avoid travel scams. First, choose a trustworthy travel agency for your trip. Secondly, use your common sense and keep alert while travelling. Finally, defend yourself if your rights are violated.

[英语四级作文预测旅游中的不诚信现象

This afternoon, MOM and dad took me to the Mountain Park. After meandering of a shady path, we climbed up the mountain.Along the way, some unknown flowers are shouted at me and smiled! birds melodious singing seemed to welcome my arrival, the fragrance of delicious odor melts your heart all into, flora footpath, a butterfly in a dance.  Everywhere trees ocean breeze blowing leaves rustled like and sing with the birds, really beautiful! on a walk in the beautiful forest path, as though we were getting into paradise.

Summer is coming up, it was getting hot, and the mountain under the tree back and forth to get busy, several obscure bugs out, dad took his camera took some unknown bugs, actually photographed a lizard messed upand dropped the run out of the ride, commonly known as "lizard", this is the first time I saw it in the wild! Standing on the peak, and it was around, look at the past of the city also has a very special feeling, xinanjiang squiggles goes the distance, both sides of the feijia River like a rainbow across the hengjiang, Hui camel stands quietly, watching the eyes back and forth, busy people.

Today, mountaineering really let me bang, not only see the beautiful scenery of mountains, and also appreciate the beauty of the mountain city.

第一篇

i hope to go on a trip to beijing,but my mother always tells me "you cant".she thinks i am too young to go to beijing,and i am too busy at school.this term is over,to my surprise,my mother will take me to beijing.i am very excited!then i have a traveing plan for this trip:first i will go to the tiananmen square,i will take many pictures.then i am going to the place museum,i can see many old builds there.second,iam goingto the wangfujing street,we will buy many things,for example,foods,clothes and some books.then i will go home. i think i will have a great trip to beijing.

我希望去旅行到北京,但是我的妈妈总是告诉我“你不能”。她认为我太年轻,去北京,在学校,我太忙了。这学期结束了,让我惊讶的是,我妈妈将带我去北京。我非常兴奋!然后我有一个横梁为这次旅行计划:首先,我将去天安门广场,我将拍很多照片。然后我要去博物馆的地方,我可以在那里看到许多老版本。第二,我去王府井大街,我们会买很多东西,例如,食物、衣服和一些书籍。然后我就回家了。我想我将会有一个伟大的旅行到北京。

第二篇

for the 1st day, we would like to visit sydney for the well-known sydney opera house. it is like a shell lying in the bay.

then, we would go to melbourne by train. it is the trading center of australia, and what is more, the best college in australia, the melbourne university, is located there. it ranks 22 in the world college billboard. it is such a wonderful chance for us students to pay a visit to the great academy, hoping that one day in the future we will grasp the opportunity of studying there through hardworking.

第一天,我们想去悉尼著名的悉尼歌剧院。它就像一个壳躺在海湾。

然后,我们将乘火车去墨尔本。这是澳大利亚的交易中心,更重要的是,在澳大利亚最好的大学,墨尔本大学,坐落在那里。它在世界大学排名22广告牌。这是这样一个美妙的机会对我们学生参观伟大的学院,希望将来有一天我们将抓住机会学习通过勤奋。

生态旅游的内涵更强调的是对自然景观的保护，是可持续发展的旅游。下面是语文迷网为大家带来的关于生态旅游英语作文的句子，希望对你有帮助。

1.we will establish some ecological demonstration zones and ecological agriculture counties. Specifically， high-efficiency ecological agriculture will be developed;抓好生态示范区和生态农业县的建设，发展高效型生态农业;

2.We will expand ecological demonstration zones.加强生态示范区建设。

3.The regional ecological system is fragile.区域生态系统脆弱。

4.Environmental protection in the places embodying cultural， historical and natural relics will be promoted. Integrated planning and management of tourism will give priority to the development of ecological tourism and improvement of forest parks and scenic resorts.加强有关文化遗产和自然遗产的环境保护工作，加强旅游业统一规划管理，开展生态旅游，强化森林公园和风景名胜区建设。

5.A variety of tourism products designed around sightseeing， conferences and contests， vacations， business trips， academic studies， cultural explorations， technology， sports， ecological tours， and traditional customs shall all be improved.完善观光旅游、会奖旅游、度假旅游、商务旅游、修学旅游、文化旅游、科技旅游、体育旅游、生态旅游、民俗旅游等旅游产品。

6.Promoting the construction of ecological agriculture?

加强生态农业建设。

7.economic development and ecological equilibrium经济发展与生态平衡

8.system analysis of ecosystem生态系统的系统分析

9.Sub-plan for Environmental Protection生态环境保护专项规划

Though there are no exact figures for the ecotourism segment， a government-sponsored push for rural tourism —— usually involving staying with farmers —— has become popular in China in recent years.

虽然生态旅游方面还没有确切的统计数据，不过近年来由政府资助推出的乡村旅游项目(通常被称为“农家乐”)却已在中国广受欢迎。

i was happy on tuesday because i went to chimelong paradise with my classmates and teachers。 there were 8 groups in my class and 5 people in each group。 we enjoyed ourselves。

first， we went there by bus。 it took an hour to get there and once we were there we took pictures in front of the gate of chimelong paradise。 the pictures were very beautiful。 then we went inside。 first。 my group went to the screaming zone。 we rode the 10-inversion roller coaster。 we were excited when we rode it。 when the ride was over we were stiff and drank some drinks to relax。 then we went to the motorbike launch coaster。 it was a shock to us。 we rode it twice。 then we went to the 4d theater and watched an exciting movie。 then we went to the drift which i thought was boring 。 we went to the torrent quickly after that。 we were high when we rode it and decided to ride it again。

at this time we were so hungry and we looked for a restaurant to have lunch。 we ordered 4 taiwan noodles and a guangzhou noodles。 they were very tasty。 after that， we were full of energy。we rode the small roller coaster。 we were also happy to ride it。 then we rode the bumper cars。 that was interesting。 we rode again and again。 we had a nice time。

an hour later it was 3 o’clock。 we went to the frog jumps。 we scared when we saw it but i rode it with a bold friend。 we were afraid to ride it。

at last， i went to the cake shop to buy cakes then we went back to the bus。 the bus took us back to the school 。 we were tired in the bus。 but we had a good time today。

we hope we can go there again。 we enjoyed ourselves there。

[一次学校组织的旅游英语作文

Nowadays,the unprecedented surge of Chinese tourists gives rise to high visibility for them,and the misbehaviors and bad manners of them abroad are even making headlines around the world.Spitting,cutting in lines,arguing,scribbling on historical buildings,and even fighting after minor accidents have all been attributed to Chinese tourists,causing much embarrassment and soul-searching in China.

In general,there are several reasons for the prevalence of this phenomenon.On the one hand,some people want to express their strong feelings,and some people release their stress.On the other hand,there are still others who just have a poor sense of public morality.All these may lead to their uncivilized behavior in public places,which greatly damages the environment of the tourist sites.

To deal with such wide-spread image damage of the country.We should arouse people’s social conscience to stop staining the tourist sites.The improving of manners and behaviors of the people is a constant work,and it should begin from the very beginning of school.

[文明旅游大学英语作文

Every summer vacation, mom and dad used to take me to travel, we visited

many places, there are well-known mountains and rivers, lake, village town. I

was impressed with the sea and the Butterfly Valley in Yiyuan.

Last summer we went to look at the sunshine, this is my first time to see

the real sea, when I rushed toward the beach, moist and fresh air makes me one

of the earthquake, it is refreshing in contrast, thorough physical and mental, I

live in the city air is simply "muddy"; let me understand the vastness of the

sea what is called "endless", the sea of "mind" is "wide"!

Walking, swimming, beach shallow water waves, yacht leisure, enjoy the

stimulation and really suffered the sea taste "".

Touch stone, pile sand dunes, pick up shellfish - seeking, creative,

mysterious, more is the "fun" of the sea.

The riotous with colour shells, peculiar looking appearance is for changing

from the extraordinary as if done by the spirits, luster shining too profound to

be understood the mystery of the sea! You can really eat as much as Tibet, so I

still get lost in your imagination.

With the edification of the sea, I memorable the feelings of the mountains,

and the impression of the Butterfly Valley in Yiyuan is still in the eye.

In the deep rich valley, all the butterflies dancing, like a fairy to see

their beautiful and leisurely flying posture, charming color, in which a wild

profusion of vegetation in the valley formed a beautiful landscape, the

Butterfly Valley is a well deserved reputation.

I see in a daze, a dazzling beautiful butterfly indigo falls on my front, I

suddenly froze, afraid frighten it with her eyes staring at it, it has wings,

the background is the illusion of indigo, arc two golden yellow, the center is a

large pea red dot, my mind suddenly flashed a thought "what a punchline, here is

simply not worth mentioning."

Very not easy to wait until it slowly away, my soul like is it away, looked

at the direction it flew in a daze staring blankly.

At home in the evening, I had a dream. I dreamt that I became an indigo big

butterfly, and I flew away in the direction of it.

Winter holiday is coming. Its in December or January.I have a plan for it.

I am going to Canada during this winter holiday. I will go there by plane with

my parents and friends. I am going to stay with my aunt and uncle. There will be

snow everywhere. We can make snowmen there. Were going to go skiing,

ice-skating and have some Canadian food. We are going to visit the Niagara

Falls. Its a famous waterfall in Canada. We will also take some photos of it. I

hope we can have a grate time in Canada!

I went to Beijing more than eight times. Beijing is the capital of China. It’s a big city. I am very familiar with Beijing. It takes an hour and forty minutes from Nantong to Beijing by plane. There are many tall buildings in Beijing. It’s a modern city. My family visited the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Beihai Park, the Space Museum, etc. I went to the countryside of Beijing to go boating and fishing. It was very interesting. I went shopping in WangFuJing. I bought lots of souvenirs and other things. I like eating Beijing snacks. They are delicious. Don’t miss the Beijing Duck. It is really nice.

五一假期里，我去了北京，看到了面积最大的天安门广场、世界公园和颐和园。

天安门广场上人来人往，真是人山人海。有的游客在此画画，有的照相，还有的滑旱冰，也有外国人，好不热闹。远望，几个五星红旗随风飘荡。还有一根似柱子的长方形柱子，其中两面有字，有“人民英雄永垂不朽”八个大字。至于另一面嘛，太多了没看清楚。

世界公园里全部都是仿建世界有名的建筑物。如：埃菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、长城……做的真是惟妙惟肖、栩栩如生。它也让我见识了异国建筑物。

颐和园我是“早闻大名”因为它被保存的比较好，只有佛香阁等在维修。据说颐和园遭到过两次野蛮破坏，我真恨英法联军和八国联军。长大后，我一定会让颐和园更完好。

Hello, I am Fan Rong. I am from China . This is my family’s travel plan. We are going in to travel around China during the summer holidays. We are going to stay in China for two weeks. In the first week , We are going to visit Chengdu, Beijing, Yunnan and Sanya. I know the Emei Mountain and Dujiang Weir are in Chengdu.

It is very spectacular and beautiful. The second week ,we are going to Shanghai, Qingdao, Kunming and Jiangsu. I know the stone forest is in Kunming. I hear it is very beautiful. This is a exciting travel !

暑假里，我和小姨和小姨夫去北京旅游，我们是因为北京的全聚德烤鸭来的，我一看，呵，人还不少呢。

我这里人山人海，大家都是慕名而来，好不容易才轮到我们，透过厨房的玻璃窗，我看到了师傅们烤鸭子的过程，我还知道每一只烤鸭都有一位专门的师傅在客人面前将鸭肉削为薄片。俗话说的好：“不到长城非好汉，不吃烤鸭真遗憾”，其实它的吃法非常讲究，首先把烙好的荷叶饼放上香葱、蒜泥和甜面酱，再把削好的鸭肉片卷而食之，真是色香味俱全。

到北京的第二天，我就迫不及待的要求先去长城，大家也都积极响应。那天天公特别作美，本来北京的夏天特别炎热，但是那一天确是阴天，天气凉爽。我们早上九点不到就已经到了长城脚下。因为时间早，所以人还不是特别多，我们买好门票，就开始登城。

我蹦蹦跳跳的登上城墙。不知道是不是因为爬惯了洛带的长城，所以登这个真正的长城，并没有想象的那么累，我甚至觉得有些轻松，我毫不费劲的就爬到了第一个烽火台。我发现长城的城墙北边高，南边低，而且北边每隔一段，就有一个上面不封口的正方形的小孔。

我问小姨这是怎么回事。小姨正要回答，小姨夫却让我自己想一下。我想了想，说，长城是用来抵御北方骑兵入侵的，北边之所以高，南边低，是因为，北边是用来防御的，所以修的高，而南边修的低，这样一方面可以节约石材，另一方面因为南面是和后方相连的，需要不断的补充粮草，小姨你看，这边还有下城墙的楼梯。小姨愉快的回答：“完全正确”。小姨夫接着问，那北边的这些小孔又是干嘛的?我想了想有点回答不上来，于是小姨提醒我说，如果打仗，是不是需要使用一些武器呀，石材呀，那么这些小孔你觉得能有什么用处?“我知道了，这些小孔，是用来射箭，扔石头，而且可以用来掩护自己，让自己不被敌人射着，”我高兴的回答。“对了，就是这个道理”。

看着这个伟大的工程，我若有所思，那时的人真是太厉害了，这样的工程居然在那个什么建筑工具都没有的时候，就靠人们的双手建成了。

接下来的几天，我去了科技馆，在那儿我看到了很多的稀奇玩意，例如软磁铁，可以同性相吸;气流可以投篮。我还去了天文馆，探索了神秘的宇宙。我到了故宫、颐和园、北海、奥运村等等，去了向往中的北大、清华，我着自己有一天来这里上学…。

As for this essay, I want the person who likes travel to read. And, I also want the person who yearns to the solitary journey to read.

I like travel very much. I often go to travel. It meets a lot of people when traveling. It can touch not only the person but also the region. Therefore, it comes to want to go even times how many.

I was traveling and all the people met had a very warm mind. It was very kind. There is a person who taught variety of land, too. I do not think meeting with two another degrees in the person. However, I do not think that I forget. Because, The reason is that there are a lot of very good memories.

Therefore, travel is not stopped. It went to not only the country but also foreign countries. The communication of the intention can have been done with the person in the country though the word did not run well. However, I thought that the handicap of the word was large. I thought it was good if the word could be understood more many times. Therefore, I think that I should study the language study more. It can meet the one different according to the land when traveling. The tourist spot is, and there is a lot of one not so either. There are a lot of very good points of the place taught to the person in local. Therefore, it is always made to speak. I have not traveled still alone. I want to go out to travel alone sometimes. How about you? Traveling with someone is also good. However, I yearn to the solitary journey very much. It is not, and yearns for the destination to free travel. I want to go out to unrestrained travel some time.

Finally, I yearn to the solitary journey. However, I do not hate tour travel. I think that there is a merit also in the tour. I think that traveling with the person who does not know also has the enjoyment. However, I like independent tour more. Which do you like?

My parents and I go to guilin tourism, heard that there are a lot of places of interest.

On that day, my parents and I went to guilin famous rock hole - the reed flute.

We came into the cave, cave dark inside. Commentator the flashlight to light for us, give us commentator rock: the rock, the world-famous strange form strange.

We started towards the rock, and began to listen to the lecturers explain rocks. The first piece of rock is: fruits, representing the there are plenty of fruits and vegetables, a nodal melon, Chinese cabbage, chayote, apples, grapes and watermelon... The second rock is a vacant lot, named: crystal palace. I think here somehow, the ground is very smooth, I found a rock touch, a cold fish. Suddenly, the scene to turn off the lights, colorful light appeared on the rocks, like many stars shine in the underground. There are still some ancient music played as if the "wonderland". For a couple of rock hole again, we are at the north fujian "lion", on a big rock, sit a fierce lion, welcome tourists visit the reed flute again next time.

On this day, I saw all kinds of rocks, also let I plug in the wings of imagination.

我和爸爸妈妈一起去桂林旅游，听说那里有很多名胜古迹。

就在那一天，我和爸爸妈妈就去了桂林著名的岩石洞进行观光——芦笛岩。

我们一进到芦笛岩，洞里面黑漆漆。解说员打开手电筒来为我们照明，给我们解说山石：山石闻名中外，奇形古怪。

我们开始走向岩石，并开始听解说员讲解山石。第一块山石是：瓜果飘香，代表着有许许多多的瓜果蔬菜，有节瓜、有大白菜、有佛手瓜、有苹果、有葡萄、有西瓜……第二块山石是一个空地，名叫：水晶宫。我觉得这里莫名奇妙的，地面非常的光滑，我找了一块大岩石摸一摸，冷冰冰的。突然，现场关灯，岩石上出现了五颜六色的光芒，像许多颗星星在往地下照耀。还有奏起了一些古老的音乐，仿佛到了“仙境”。再走了几个岩石洞，我们到了“雄狮送客”，在大大的岩石上面，坐着一只威猛的狮子，欢迎游客们下次再来参观芦笛岩。

这一天，我看到了各种各样的岩石，也让我的想象力插上了翅膀。