节约用电英语作文初中【精彩20篇】

Directions：For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Which Mode of Travel Do You like？ You should write noless than 150 words and base your composition on the outline （given in Chinese） below：

1. 有的人喜欢参加旅行社旅游（package tours）

2. 有的人喜欢自己独立行动（travelling on one’s own）

3. 比较这两种旅游方式，我喜欢的是……

范文：

With the general standard of living improvingand the working week becoming shorter，more andmore people are able to make a holiday trip toplaces of interest. While many like to joinpackage tours fro convenience，I prefer to traveln my own.

I like travelling on may own not only because it costs much less but because it gives a great degree of independence and freedom. Travelling on my own，I’m my own boss；and can decide when to start on my way，where to linger a little longer and which spot can be skipped over to save energy or time for another spot. I can always adjust my plan. On the contrary，in a package tour you’re deprived of as much freedom as in a military base. At the sound of the whistle，you have to jump up from a sound sleep and，with heavy-lidded eyes，hurry to the gathering place where you are collected and counted to board a coach. At the sight of the little flag waving，you must immediately take yourself away from the scenes you are marveling at and follow the guide whose sole interest is to cover all spots according to him strict schedule，regardless of the weather or your health condition.

True，you may encounter inconveniences if you travel individually，for instance，getting accommodations for the night and finding a place for meals. But nothing can be compared with the freedom which is vital to a person who takes a holiday trip mainly to escape from constraints of his routine life.

[初中英语作文说说你喜欢哪种方式的旅行

1、Fact speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

2、Empty vessels make the greatest sound.

实磨无声空磨响满瓶不动半瓶摇。

3、Fear always springs from ignorance.

恐惧源于无知。

4、Fools grow without watering.

朽木不可雕。

5、Don‘t try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs.

不要班门弄斧。

6、Don‘t have too many irons in the fire.

不要揽事过多。

7、Good watch prevents misfortune.

谨慎消灾。

8、Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.

天才不过是勤奋而已。

9、Habit cures habit.

心病还需心药医。

10、Fields have eyes, and woods have ears.

隔墙有耳。

11、He sets the fox to keep the geese.

引狼入室。

12、Friends agree best at distance.

朋友之间也会保持距离。

13、Easier said than done.

说得容易，做得难。

14、Example is better then percept.

说一遍，不如做一遍。

15、Great minds think alike.

英雄所见略同。

16、God helps those who help themselves.

自助者天助。

17、Heaven never helps the man who will not act.

自己不动，叫天何用。

18、Great trees are good for nothing but shade.

大树底下好乘凉。

19、He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first.

自嘲者不会让人见笑。

20、Honesty is the best policy.

做人诚信为本。

21、is good when new, but friends when old.

东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。

22、Each bird love to hear himself sing.

孤芳自赏。

23、Great hopes make great man.

伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。

24、Harm set, harm get.害人害己。Hear all parties.

兼听则明。

25、Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.

良药苦口利于病。

26、Eat to live, but not live to eat.

人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

27、Fools learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools.

愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。

28、Forbidden fruit is sweet.

禁果格外香。

29、Faults are thick where love is thin.

一朝情意淡，样样不顺眼。

30、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.

抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

31、He that will not work shall not eat.

不劳动者不得食。

32、Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother.

经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母。

33、Happy is he who owes nothing.

要想活得痛快，身上不能背债。

34、Fortune knocks once at least at every man‘s gate.

风水轮流转。

35、Fire is a good servant but a bad master.

火是一把双刃剑。

36、Fool‘s haste is no speed.

欲速则不达。

37、Happiness takes no account of time.

欢乐不觉时光过。

38、Give a dog a bad name and hang him.

众口铄金，积毁销骨。

39、Hasty love, soon cold.

一见钟情难维久。

40、Great men have great faults.

英雄犯大错误。

41、Experience must be bought.

吃一堑，长一智。

42、First think and then speak.

先想后说。

传统的英语教学方式一般以组织教学、讲授知识、巩固知识、运用知识和检查知识来展开，在教学中就亲身感觉到学生在课堂上容易走神，倦怠，提不起兴趣，参与课堂极少。而新课改下的“英语高效课堂”，我校探索出了“导，启，主，动”式教学模式，是通过教师引导启发、设置情景，使学生能够主动思考、积极探索，热情参与，实现学生多方面能力综合发展、培养学生能力的一种教学模式。

现将从以下三个方面汇报学习总结与感悟：

一.机会难得，热情高涨。

首先感谢杨老师和学校领导多次给我外出学习的机会，让我开阔眼界，丰富知识，提升能力，逐步成长，更好的工作。不胜感激!说句实在话，真的有些累，学习内容安排的满满的，甚至是计划多了，时间不够，可激情深邃的报告与热情精彩的公开课让你来不及去思索累与不累，只有沉浸其中……

二.内容丰盈，异彩纷呈

1.咸慧校长的报告---先哲苏格拉底。

咸慧是一位女校长，干练的外表，激情的语言，的确有感染力与号召力。她的报告内容深刻，意义深远，作为女校长，有如此超前的教育意识，丰厚的文化底蕴，锲而不舍的钻研精神着实令人欣佩。她向我们介绍了先哲苏格拉底的哲学思想、教育思想等，震撼了我的心灵，启迪了我的智慧。在以后的学习与工作中我将不遗余力的感悟其哲学思想与教育思想并彻头彻尾的实践在教育教学此文转自斐斐课件园中。

2.李梦康老师的三节公开课。

三节公开课分为说读课，听写课，综合课。大致是用这样的三节课结束一单元的学习。听之前就很难苟同，听之后也很难谋和。李老师的课无非是打破上课的常规，打乱教材的顺序进行灌输性的教学，跨越太大，内容太简，结构太乱，违背学生的认知规律。再者教师的基本素质也很一般，总之，感觉不是很舒服。但是李老师的执着与奉献，勤奋与钻研的精神让我陷入深深的思考，从他身上，我学到的是他执著于教育事业、孜孜不倦、严谨勤奋、潜心钻研、尽心尽责的那种热爱工作，热爱生活的高品位的生命形式。这些，促使我反思以前的工作，更好的展开现在的工作。

3.张秀玲老师的公开课

张老师是日照市一位优秀的英语教师，多次参加省级讲课比赛，战绩赫赫。有幸听张老师的课犹如丰盛的大餐，营养丰富，回味无穷。张老师那镇静的教态，流畅的口语，严谨的组织，活泼的教学，精心的设计，让整堂课如行云流水般的舒畅，蓝天碧水般的清澈，柠檬怡人般的清新。Wonderful ! 受益匪浅，我将不断学习，不断思考，不断更新理念，全新的投入英语教学。

4.阅读课教学的设计与组织---徐庆仰

日照市教学研究室的徐主任对阅读课教学的设计与组织给出了精辟的的理论和独到的见解，他那种最前沿的思考与指导对进行阅读教学有很明确的指导意义。主要从以下几个方面给我启示：

(1.)阅读教学设计步骤要分析课文的真实语义、语境、语用目的;设计恰当的阅读技能与学习目的;确认图式差异---即学生尚无课文理解却需要的图式;设计目标。

(2.)阅读教学应遵循：意义理解在先，语言学习在后;体现层次;先主旨后细节;先表层后深层;阅读技巧贯穿于始终;知识学习基于语篇。

(3.)阅读步骤。分别阐明Pre-reading While-reading Post-reading 三环节的aims﹠strategies.有很强的可操作性和实用性。

三.收获颇丰，感悟至深

每次的学习对于工作在教学第一线的我，感觉是幸福而又充实的，因为面对不同风格的名师，不同类型的讲座，能感受到思想火花的冲击。耳濡目染的东西很多，但要采他山之玉为我所用，纳百家之长解我所困却需要一个消化吸收的过程，作为一线教师的我会坚定不移的走下去，前边的路很长，我不能走到最前沿，但我会朝这个目标去努力。所谓“高山仰止，景行行止，虽不能至，心向往之”这是我一生的追求。

我的卧室

My Bedroom

I have a beautiful and sweet bedroom. My mother decorates it for me. She always says that a girl deserves a bedroom like a princess. The main colors of my room are pink and white. The wall, the bed and the chest are pink. And the desk is white. The curtains are beautiful with lovely followers on them. Every day when I open my eyes, I feel happy and beloved. I clean my room often and tidy my things up. I don’t want it become dirty or in a mess. I am thankful to my parents.

通过上面对我的卧室的介绍，相信大家已经对我的卧室都有个了解了吧，希望上面的知识给同学们的写作很好的帮助。

[初中英语作文我的卧室

Hello, my name is wang yan, a high heart can meet all of you, for me, is more stubborn, I decided that things will never change, unless you are right I was wrong.

Early in the morning, standing in front of the mirror, look in the mirror in the familiar face, feel oneself was a child, but I was in junior, is no longer a child.

Think of every little bit of good friends, unconsciously tears just climbed up the face, yeah! And did six years of his close friend, to this, that separate is separate, there must be many. But whats the use? Time is not to say stop. I still face the reality!

I am very forgetful, once, I cant find my shoes, anyway by mother remind later discovered I wash the shoes, on the outside. You said I am not forgetful forgetfulness.

I like the teachers help, but Im very careless, often counterproductive. Once the teacher asked me to help him finish his writing board, as a result, I listen to the blackboard writing all wipe up, the teacher without saying anything hard writing blackboard writing brush. The teacher got red in the face. Funny you say is not funny.

I am such a person, to welcome you all to find my friends! Im very good friends but oh ~ ~

一个十二岁的女孩，高高的个子，瓜子型的脸上镶嵌着一对大眼睛，长长的睫毛显得大眼睛十分灵动，不仅如此，她还遗传妈妈，双眼皮宽宽的，但是她也像妈妈一样戴上了眼镜。她有宽宽的脑门，鼻子下面是一张能说会道的嘴巴。你猜出这是谁了吗?其实，这就是我!

我在学校是一个乖巧听话，令老师喜欢的孩子，谁会相信这样一个女孩回到家就摇身一变，成了顽皮，又带着无理取闹的丫头了，但这却是事实。

在家里，我和妈妈吵吵闹闹是常有的事，因为互不服气。有一次，我和妈妈去参加她朋友的婚礼，当时下了雨，天气较凉，但我依然想穿着裙子去，妈妈不肯，为了这事，我们吵了起来。“可以穿，坐车去又不冷!”“不可能，你想感冒吗?”妈妈瞪着我，眼睛像葡萄一样大，我则毫不示弱，昂着头像小斗鸡似的，吵个不停。最后妈妈要发怒了，我一看，赶紧妥协，撇着嘴，带着满腔不情愿说：“不穿，行了吧。”这就是我，双面性格的我。

在学校担任班长职务的我，当然要开班会了。我清了清嗓子，走上讲台，开始了首次班会。

“同学们，我们今天来学习中学生日常行为规范……”我有条不紊的进行着班会，这可都要靠我平时积累的生活和六年在校的经验，而且还有我良好的语言表达能力。我按老师说的，提问同学，举例说明等等。要知道，现在我能站在台上大胆发言，是因为小学时担任过许多活动的主持人，充分锻炼了自己，所以我有信心开好班会。在老师的总结和同学们的掌声中我走下了讲台，顺利结束了班会。这就是我，自信勇敢的我。

每个星期天，我都不会错过科技频道《自然传奇》这个节目。有时看得入迷，妈妈叫我两三次我都没有听见。我喜欢它是因为它能告诉我自然界的许多知识，比如蚂蚁筑巢，各种蜘蛛如何捕食，植物的很多特点等等。而我最大的梦想，注意不是理想，就是去全球动植物最丰富的亚马逊丛林历险。这就是我，热爱自然的我。

这就是我，有双面性格的我;这就是我，自信勇敢的我;这就是我，热爱自然的我，你们了解我了吗?

There are many television programs in Taiwan today, from TV aeries, quiz shows, soap operas, movies to cartoons. Of all the programs, I like to watch cartoons the best, like Cartoon network, Disney and many others. I like to watch cartoons because they are funny and very interesting, especially when I am sad, tired or bored. I also like cartoon characters. they are so cute and vivid. We must use our imagination when we watch cartoons. Because they are often exaggerated, so you need to have a sense of humor.

Every year, the thing I expect the most is the Spring Festival. My parents

work far from home and they come back one or two times a year. The Spring

Festival is the time they come home. Every time they come back, they bring mangy

things to me. When I was little, they bought me toys, new clothes and shoes.

Now, they often buy me books. They say more reading is good for me. They hope I

can learn more. The time spend with them is always happy but short. They only

have half a month at home. I hope they can stay at home longer.

国家正在提倡"节约型社会",你将以"How to build an economized society"为题向21世纪报投稿,文章应包含以下要点,可适当发挥,谈谈自己其他的一些想法或做法.

要点提示:

节电:及时关闭灯,电扇,电脑等;

节水:随手关水龙头,废水利用等;

节能:拒用塑料袋,废物回收等;

自己的见解

注意:1.词数:100左右.短文标题,开头已为你写好,但不计入总词数;

2.内容可适当发挥,注意行文连贯.

How to build an economized society

Our government is aiming to build an "economized society". I think it is every citizens duty to work hard to achieve this goal

Possible version:

How to build an economized society

Our government is aiming to build an "economized society". I think it is every citizens duty to work hard to achieve this goal.

To build an economized society, we must keep the following points in our minds. Firstly,make sure that the lights and the electric fans are turned off when there is no one in the room. Set the room temperature at above 26℃. Remember to turn off the computer when you are not using it. Secondly, try to form the habit of turning off the tap after it is used. Use basins when washing faces or vegetables. Thus the water can be used again to clean toilets or water flowers. Thirdly, it will be good enough to use a basket instead of plastic bags when you go to the market. As we know, a basket can be used many more times.

In a word, we should try our best to build an economized society.

Many years ago, I saw a science fiction film, which described a future

world. The way people lived was very different. They could drive cars in the

sky. Everything in the future world was so convenient. Since then, I was always

curious about how the future world would become. The fling cars seemed so

ridiculous for now, but thinking about more than 100 years ago, people never

thought about flying in the sky, but now we could take planes and traveled

around the world. Everything was possible. Whats more, the development of

technology is so fast that the world changes so much every ten years. Nowadays,

people can pay the bill online. No matter where they go, a cell phone can solve

most problems. I believe that future transportation will be much efficient and

will surprise us all.

有人说过，勤能治家，有人说过，俭可安国。勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，新时代的我们不可忘记这优秀传统，应将其发扬光大。

俭以养德。世界上许许多多的伟大人物，都非常重视节约。就拿我们的伟磊领袖毛主席来说吧。在他生前用过的一百多件日常用品之中，有一件穿过20多年，已补过73次的睡衣。这比那句新三年，旧三年，缝缝补补又三年中的年数还多啊！而且他身边的工作人员多次提出给他换一件新的，他都执意不肯。直到逝世前夕，他老人家还是穿着这件补丁缀补的衣服。在国民经济困难时期，他首先倡导不吃水果，不吃肉，常常是几个烤芋就是一餐饭，与全国人民同甘共苦。

俭以治国，有一句话这么说“盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉。”世代先王，哪一个骄奢淫逸的皇帝不是将国家治理得一团糟。那些将国治理得很好的皇帝不都是勤俭治国吗？一代先皇，一代主席的生活都如此节俭，而那些不愁吃穿的人又如何呢？先别说节俭吧，他们就是浪费成风。人走了，电风扇还在那里吹着；人走了，水龙头还在哭着；人走了，电灯瞪着眼睛看你离去。我们真的不能再这样了。

曾几何时，我听到过这么几句话：节约每度电，能让列车一直围着道行驶；节约每滴水，能让所有农田得到灌溉；节约每粒粮食，能让所有的人民不再饥饿；节约每张纸，能让我们的地球多一份生机。节约无小事，但从小事做起。

从小到大，父母、老师就给我们灌输了节约的思想，但是总有那么一些人，将浪费当作耍酷，这种人是最遭人厌恶的。活在这个世界上，我们就该做到：买之有所需，用之有所度，得之有所法，丢之有所尽。

自古以来，我国就是一个崇尚勤俭节约的国家，近几年来，对此更是重视。节约很简单，就是爱护身边每一件还有用的东西，节约每一滴水，每张纸、每粒粮，不要让地球上的最后一滴水成为我们的眼泪。

请记住，节约无小事，但从小事做起。

[节约无小事初中作文

My school life is very common. I get up at six o’clock every morningfrom Monday to Friday. And the I would go running with my classmates, as our head teacher says health is themost important thing. After running I have to do morning exercises on theplayground. Then I can have breakfast. Having breakfast, I need to have morningreading. Oh, I almost forget that all of the students have to do some cleaningbefore breakfast. There come the various classes. Then noon comes. Havinglunch, I will go to sleep. I often read twenty minutes before I fall asleep. I haveclass in the afternoon. And I still have classes at night. It’s boring, right? ButI have got used to it and enjoy myself at school.

Kung Fu Panda is the lastest project from Dreamworks. It’s a CG-animated comedy about a lazy, irreverent slacker panda named Po Po (Voiced by Jack Black), who must somehow become a Kung Fu Master in order to save the Valley of Peace from a villainous snow leopard, Tai Lung. Prophecy said that Po is the “Chosen One” to save the day. But he appears to be the laziest of all the animals in ancient China. A group of martial arts masters are going to need a black belt in patience if they are going to turn this slacker panda into a kung fu fighter before it’s too late.I like the movie because it is very interesting and funny.The monkey is voiced by Jackey Chan who is my favourite star!

My English Study

How time flies! My three-year middle school life will be over soon。 Looking back， I have many memories of my English study。

When I entered the middle school， I had so many difficulties with my English。 I was not able to understand the teacher in class， and I couldn’t master the words and phrases。 For a time I wanted to give it up。 Later， with the help of the teacher and my classmates， I listened to the teacher carefully in class， kept on reading English every day and spoke as much as possible。 Step by step I made great progress in English。

In a word， only when you develop interest in studying English can you learn it well。

I had a joyful summer vacation。 During the holidays， I traveled with my families。 We went to Beijing and stayed there for four days。 We lived in the hotel。 It is very beautiful。 We visited to the Tiananmen Square， the Imperial Palace， the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace。 We also went to the Great Wall。 The weather was very hot， but we were exciting。 I like Beijing very much。 I hope I can go there again。

Dear teacher and classmates:

I am very glad to make a speech here in this class again! This time, Id like to talk something about English.

I love English. English language is now used everywhere in the world. It has become the most common language on Internet and for international trade. Learning English makes me confident and brings me great pleasure.

When I was seven, my mother sent me to an English school. At there, I played games and sang English songs with other children . Then I discovered the beauty of the language, and began my colorful dream in the English world.

Everyday, I read English following the tapes. Sometimes, I watch English cartoons.

On the weekend, I often go to the English corner. By talking with different people there, I have made more and more friends as well as improved my oral English.

I hope I can travel around the world someday. I want to go to America to visit Washington Monument, because the president Washington is my idol. Of course, I want to go to London too, because England is where English language developed. If I can ride my bike in Cambridge university, I will be very happy.

I hope I can speak English with everyone in the world. Ill introduce China to them, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and Anshan.

I know, Rome was not built in a day. I believe that after continuous hard study, one day I can speak English very well.

If you want to be loved, you should learn to love and be lovable. So I believe as I love English everyday , it will love me too.

[初中英语作文：我爱学习英语

“Try and try until you succeed.” This saying shows the importance of perseverance, I have found in my experience that only through hard work can we succeed. Many people have failed in their work or studies, precisely because they had no perseverance Life, in general, as in many things we do has never been easy. No one promised us what it would be.

So, if we want to succeed in life, we must be brave to win. The standard that differentiates people who succeed in life and those who dont is perseverance.

As we all know, "Failure is the mother of success." But few people can really understand what the saying means.

In the world, I am sure that no one dare say he hasnt met any trouble all his life. So we must face failure. In fact, failure is not fearful, but important thing is how to face it correctly. Facing failure, people will never take their fate lying down.They will try their best to work harder and harder until at last they succeed.

Not being courageous to face setbacks, people have no chance to enjoy the pleasure of success. So they have nothing to do but feel sad and empty all day and all night. In fact, they lose the chance of success themselves.

My friend, whenever in trouble, please remember, "Failure is the mother of success."

我们都知道,“失败是成功之母。“但真正理解这句话的人却不多。

在世界上,我相信没有人敢说他一生没有遇到任何麻烦。所以我们必须面对失败。事实上,失败并不可怕,但重要的是如何正确地面对它。面对失败,人们将不再由命运摆布。他们会尽最大努力辛勤工作,直到最后他们成功。

不勇敢面对挫折,人就没有机会享受成功的快乐。所以他们无关但感到悲伤和空日夜兼程。事实上,他们失去了成功的机会。

我的朋友,每当遇到了麻烦,请记住,“失败是成功之母。”

[积极面对挫折初中英语作文

January 21

It was cooler than yesterday. One of my father’s friends invited me to eat red bayberries. You must know it is unusual. Because we will climb the hill to eat red bayberries. There is no chance to eat red bayberries in the hill for the people who don’t live in Beijing. On the hill, you can breathe the fresh air, you can listen birds singing and you can eat red bayberries. It was enjoyable. It is said there are wild pigs in the hill. What a beautiful natural.

January 22

Today I found time was a cruel thing. Whatever man is, time always goes on. It won’t stay to wait for somebody. You can’t use anything to exchange time. Time is also a fair thing. Although you have a lot of money or you enjoy high reputation, time won’t leave them more. Today I found I hadn’t enough time. Although I have 50-day holiday, but I found I had a lot of things to do. I had a lot of homework to do and I had something necessary to do.

January 23

I have rested for 10 days. In these days, I felt very bored. I didn’t know to do what. Although I had a lot of things to do, I felt uncomfortable. I was ill because of the cold weather. I was tired, sleepy and had no strength. My parents are worried about my health. in fact, it didn’t matter. I was always in the room with air-conditioner and opened it in a low temperature. So when I went out, the high temperature disagreed to me. Finally, I was ill.

Since I go to school, my parents always tell me that I should study hard,

so that I can find a good job in the future and earn a lot of money. To most

people, the purpose of reading books is to make money. But as I study more, I

realize that making money and reading books don’t have the directly connection.

The children should know more about the world by reading more books, at the same

time, they need to sense the great joy of reading. When they are equipped with

knowledge, they can solve problems by the skills they learn, the most important

thing for them is to face difficulties with positive attitude.

初中英语作文 《祖国的变化》

Great changes have taken place in China. Many new buildings have been built in cities, towns and villages.

The more cars we have, the more crowed the roads are. So the roads become wider and wider. Many overpasses (立交桥) have been built in big cities. Chinese people’s life is much better than ever before. We have Tv sets, washing machines, fridges, even computers, cars etc.

We’ll study harder and make our countrry stronger and more beautiful.

The reader is reading from the literature (recorded knowledge of the carrier) to obtain and use information and knowledge of social practice, the process of physiological and psychological processes. Reading is a basic human access to knowledge and means an important way, as is the text of which have begun, is a text record of human understanding of natural and social practice experience as a symbol, a symbol that they start to have all kinds of literature, , And will have to read the information on the documents. With the social development so far, with the emergence of computer technology, digital and network technology popularization and development of electronic audio book market, expanding the carrier carrying information resources has changed, peoples reading habits and books published by the Also means increasing occurrence. According to the 2006 Fourth National Survey of the National Reading: Chinese on-line reading from l999-year rate of 3.7 percent to 27.8 percent in 2005, the average annual growth rate of 107%. Experts point out that digital technology and the development of the Internet has changed the Chinese peoples reading habits. The author believes that such a major impact in the following aspects.

A digital network for the promotion of reading

Access to information resources more convenient and efficient. Computer technology has brought about in areas such as storage and retrieval facilities, so that the carrier of information resources in the form of great changes have taken place, most of the information resources have been digitized, from paper to electronic resources, changes in resources, making many In looking for information resources and access to really become faster and more convenient. With the emergence of the network, the Earth is reduced to a "village", the distance is no longer an obstacle to the dissemination of information, access to a more simple and quick. In addition, the network is also promoting the digital information resources to enhance the process, more and more digital information resources, networking, in order to more convenient and efficient access to needed resources, the emergence of Baidu, Google, Sohu, and other search engines, which Greatly changed the way people access information model, greatly improved peoples reading needs