英语说明文范文初中(经典20篇)

Autumn rain is the rain Ive ever seen in all the season, my favorite rain I am in the fall of the rain, also love autumn this season.

Blink of an eye, that pungent summer girl gone, this naughty autumn brother and walked a strong step to bounce to the ground. He ran to the trees, the leaves of the trees turned yellow; he ran to the grass, and the grass withered; he ran to the people, and people put on the feathers. Perhaps his naughty annoyed the gods, probably his naughty angered God, this is not, the weather has changed.

The whole sky is covered with dark clouds, the weather is very hot, people feel very uncomfortable, animals and I have the same feeling: the fish head to the surface, perhaps the weather is too boring, the fish once again buried his head The ants are pressing down one by one, climbing the hole to find food; occasionally see the road afraid of moving a snake. Rain, you down, you down, animals are also looking forward to a heavy rain!

After a little while, Lei Gong, the mother with their thousands of children - light rain came, a thunder to break the silence, followed by, thin rain fell down, more and more, the more To the greater, and finally, ten million "big soybeans" dripping from the sky. The crowds opened their mouths and tried to suck the sweet rain; the animals made a call, as if they were washing a cool one, and the children around me and I ran to the rain, Wet your clothes and hair, enjoy playing. Rain hit the roof, issued a "pound" sound; rain hit people in the animal umbrella, issued a "bang bang" sound, as if a "rain sonata."

Rain for a long time, finally stopped at the end, the sky appeared a rainbow, the air seems to be filtered like, very fresh, people began a normal work.

Autumn rain really beautiful ah! I love this autumn rain, I love this beautiful autumn!

Many people have favorite places they like to go to when they are feeling

sad or bored. I also have favorite places that I go to as often as I can.

Here are the three places that I like most. First of all, I like the zoo.

The animals are amazing because some are so cute and some are so ugly! I like to

pet them,feed them and watch them perform. Museums are cool places, too. They

have good exhibits and fascinating displays. I like the works of art there. Some

museums teach me a lot about history and science. From dinosaurs to robots, I

love them all. Finally, theme parks are my favourite place. I think the roller

coasters are the best. Its fun to scream and get scared.

These places always cheer me up. I try to go to each of my favorite places

once a year. I am going to find more favorite places to go to when I grow

up.

I have a lot of friends but Amy is my best friend.He is a boy. Both of us are good at English, so we often have a chat in English in our spare time. After school, we often play football together on the playground. He runs so fast that I can not catch up with him. He is an excellent student. He not only gets good marks in all subjects but also is very kind and modest. He loves popular songs and also classical music.

Failure exists in every stage for everybody. As students, I think the most

common failure would be failing in the exam. Yes, I have failed in the exam for

many times. It is very common, because on one can keep the name of

ever-victorious generals forever. But some students do not figure out this. When

they fail in the exam, they need a long time to recover, even have directly

negative effect on their inner heart. This is not the right way to deal with

this problem. We need to figure out the reason why we don’t do well in the exam.

And then correct it. Try our best to get better next time.

Last summer holiday, I visited to Xiamen with my parentsby plane. My

English teacher once told us that Xiamen is a beautiful city that worth of

visiting. We stayed there for four days. We lived in a small fishing village. On

the first day, we visited to Xiamen University and Nanputuo Temple. Xiamen

University is consideredas the most beautiful and romantic campus in China.

Indeed, its fantastic and its buildings are distinctive. On the second days, we

enjoyed the scenery of Jimei District. On the third day, We visited to Gulangyu.

Its amazing and I like it very much. There are many small specific stores.

However, the huge tourist visitors make the small island crowed. Anyway, it was

a pleasant trip.

American Students‘ Lunch 美国学生的午餐

Today, when I read the newspaper, I saw an interesting news, it is said that the first lady in American Michelle Obama, was so worried about American people’s health, she thought it was the unhealthy diet that made the people have healthy issue, so she tried hard to improve the healthy diet. Now the students’ lunch meal has changed, students show their food to the media and say thank you to Michelle. But the fact is that they are unsatisfied with the policy, the food they show looks terrible and hard to eat. Chinese students play the joke that they said even the prisoners’ food is better than American students’ lunch.(初中英语作文带翻译 YJBYS)

翻译：

今天，当我看新闻的时候，我看到了一则有趣的新闻，据说，美国的第一夫人米歇尔奥巴马很担忧美国人民的健康，她认为正是不健康的饮食才让人们有健康问题，因此她努力尝试着去改善健康的饮食。如今学生的午餐已经改变了，学生们纷纷向媒体展示他们的食物，并向米歇尔表达了感谢。但是实际上，他们对于这样的政策很不满意，他们展示的食物看起来很糟糕，难以下咽。中国的学生开玩笑说，囚犯的食物都比美国学生的午餐好。

Many people, sometimes myself included, tend to judge a person by his

appearances.

I was afraid of my uncle who has a scared tattoo on his arm till my mother

told me a “story”. When I was a three-year-old naught boy, I always ran around

the neighborhood with my toy saber. Unfortunately, one day I hit a wild dog by

accident. The dog became crazy and tried to bite me. It was that time my uncle

appeared and protected me with his strong arm. However, this accident left a

scar on his arm. My uncle went to get a tattoo in order to cover up the scars.

From that moment, he is my hero in stead of a bad looking uncle.

So we need to go beyond peoples looks and focus on more internal spirits

in order to truly judge a person.

When I was a girl,I was very bad.I often drew pictures on the English book and laughed loudly with my classmates.I never listened to my English teacher carefully.Of course,my English was very bad.

When I was in Grade 5,my mother sent me to an English school.My English was still very bad there and I didnt stand up when the teacher let us stand up and dance.But to my surprise,that English teacher called Angela didnt hate me and she still gave me another chance.One day,Angela found me and said:"Janice,you are very good,I trust that you can study English very well and you can be a good ***e on,my clever Janice,study English carefully from now on.Can you do it"Angela looked at me and I looked her>She looked like mysister who smiled at me.

I was moved by Angela.I said to her:"Yes,of course.I promise to study English well forever."

From that day on,I study English carefully and my English started improving.Now,my English is very well.

"Why do you study English well?"my classmates often ask me.My answer is:Angela.Yes,Angelas trust made me study English well.Thank you,Angela.

当我还是个小女孩的时候，我很不好，我经常在英语书上画画，和我的同学一起大声笑，我从来没有听过我的英语老师，当然，我的英语很差。

当我在5年级的时候，我妈妈送我去英语学校，我的英语还是很不错的，我没有站起来的时候，老师让我们站起来跳舞。但让我吃惊的是，英语老师叫安吉拉不恨我，她还是给了我一个机会。有一天，安吉拉找到我，说：“珍妮丝，你很好，我相信你能学好英语，你可以成为一个好的***，我聪明的珍妮丝，好好学英语了。你能做的”安吉拉看着我，我看着她她像我妹妹他对我笑了笑。

我被安吉拉感动了，我对她说：“是的，当然，我保证永远学英语。”

从那天起，我认真学习英语，我的英语水平提高了。现在，我的英语很好。

“你为什么学英语？”我的同学经常问我，我的回答是：安吉拉，是的，安吉拉的信任让我学好英语，谢谢你，安吉拉。

说明文是阐述事物的特征、本质、性能、结构、用途或科学原理的一种文体。其说明的对象可以是具体的，如：自然环境，仪表设备等；也可以是抽象的，如概念定律等。以下是小编整理的初中英语说明文写作要点，欢迎阅读！

说明文的写作相对于论说文来说，有一定的套路可循，因此不是十分复杂。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法、因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时间次序法、分类法等。当然，随着对象的不同，具体应该采用的方法也会有所不同。

说明文的写作应该注意的事项有下面几点：

1.语言简明扼要，通俗易懂，避免夸张华丽的辞藻，要把真实的一面展现在读者面前。

2.说明时一定要把握一个中心主题。说明文中细枝末节较多，但不能喧宾夺主。

3.说明的次序非常重要。合理的次序会使文章条理清楚，脉络明晰。因此，练习时可以尝试不同的次序进行写作，找出最合理的一种。

4.由于说明文写实性较强，有时难免会让人感到没有生气。因此，可以适当使用一些比喻、拟人等修辞手段，来增加文章的色彩。

下面是一篇说明一所医院布局的文章。文章虽短，但需要说明的内容却达11处之多。平均一句话就要描写一处，如果组织得不好，便会给人凌乱的感觉。

为了避免这一点，文章把整个布局图分三部分来写：

贯彻医院的是main road，第一部分以大门为参照物，介绍了靠大门且通过main road东西相对的急诊楼和门诊楼。

第二部分以湖为参照物，中心线还是main road，介绍其他分诊楼、实验室、放射室等。

第三部分写main road尽头的建筑物。

这样，繁多的细节显得井井有条。因此，选择好主线及参照物是决定文章成功的关键。

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about“THE LAYOUT OF A HOSPITAL”. Locate some important departments in the hospital based on the information given below.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.

（1）the Emergency Department

（2）the Out-patient Department

（3）the Surgery Department

（4）the Dispensary

（5）the Physician Department

（6）the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department

（7）the Dental Department

（8）the Laboratory

（9）the X-ray Department

（10）the Administrative Building

（11）the Ward

例文：

The Layout of a Hospital Near the gate，on the westside of the road is the Emergency Department. Opposite the Emergency Department across the Main Road is the Out-patient Department. The building to the southwest of the lake is the Dispensary，which face the Surgery Department lying on the other side of the road.Along the west wall，from south to north，stand three buildings：the Physician Department，the Eye，Ear，and Throat Department，and the Dental Department.

The Laboratory is to the northwest of the round about，and beside the Laboratory，the X-ray Department is located on the same side of the road. A winding road by the lake leads to the Ward.

Near the end of the Main Road，the Administrative Building is situated on the east side.The hospital is nicely and conveniently laid out.

Dear parents，

Words fail me when I want to express my thanks to you. You have taken good care of me since I was born.When I am in trouble，you always encourage me and cheer me up.Once I argued with my best friend and was upset，you talked with me the whole night and finally helped me solve the problem. With your help，I have become a good student.I am so thankful for your love that I will work harder and try to do better in the future.

Best wishes

Yours，

Zhang hua

MyTeacher-我的老师

MyfavouriteteacherisMissHuang.Sheisabeautifullady.Shehastwobigeyes,ahighnoseandalittleredmouth.Thereisalwaysasmileonherface.

MissHuanglikessingingandcollectingposters.Sheisgoodatplayingthepiano.Intheevening,shealwayssitsinfrontofthepianoandplaysnicemusic.Sheisgoodatdancing,too.Sometimessheteachesusdancing.

MissHuanglikesdogsverymuchbecausethedogisveryfriendlyandcute.Herfavouritecolorisblue.Becauseblueisthecoloroftheskyandthesea.

Thisismyfavouriteteacher.Ourclassmatesalllikeherverymuch.

译文：

我最喜欢的老师是黄老师。她是一位漂亮的女性。她有两只大大的眼睛，一个高高的鼻子和一张小小的红唇。她的脸上总带着笑容。

黄老师喜欢唱歌和收集海报。她钢琴弹得很好。晚上，她常常坐在钢琴前弹奏优美的乐曲。黄老师跳舞也很棒。有时她也会教我们跳舞。

黄老师非常喜欢狗，因为狗很友好也很可爱。黄老师最喜欢的颜色是蓝色，因为蓝色是天空和海的颜色。

这就是我喜欢的老师。我们班的同学都非常喜欢她。

Kapok isthe city flower of Guangzhou. It is straight trunk. The kapok flower is red. it is very beautiful. It open in cold weather like a hero. The kapok flower can eat, and it is a medicine. I like kapok very much. Do you like it ?

The new year is coming, it means that I am older, I am not the little girl any more, I must make something different from the old me. Before, I was so lazy to do the housework, when my mother asked me to do it, I would make some excuses and then ran away. Now I need to learn to take some responsibility, I should share the housework and relieve my mother’s burden. The new year gives me the new task, I must learn to broaden my vision and gain the knowledge, so that I can make some progress. I am so happy that I am older and grow up, I want to become mature and let my parents be proud of me.

新的一年到来了，这意味着我老了一点，我不再是个小女孩，我必须比以前的我有所作为。以前，我很懒于做家务，当妈妈叫我去做的时候，我会找一些借口，然后逃跑。如今我需要学着去担当责任，我应该分享家务，减轻妈妈的负担。新的一年给予我新的任务，我必须开阔眼界，增长知识，这样才能有所进步。我很高兴我变的年长了，也长大了，我想要变得成熟，让父母为我骄傲。

[初中生优秀英语作文我长大了

The plan for the new term

Another new term comes again,so I should have a study plan to promot myself.

Firstly,I descide to finish my homework more carefully than before.And pay more attention to the knowledge which I didnt know it clearly.

Secondly,I will do a lot of read to widen the range of my knowledge,and try to combine thoery to practice.

Finally,I will learn to adjust, to be more positive and more helpful.

Thats what I plant to do in a new term.

篇一： Times flys. My summer holiday is coming to the end. My holiday is just so so. It is not too much difference as before. At the biginning of the vacation, I was doing my homework. After all, study comes first. After I finished my homework, it was almost the end of July. It is the time for me to help my family for harvest. It is so tired to to the farm work. Howevr, being a member of our family, I have to give a hand. Watching the achievement, I felt proud though I just help a little. After finished the farm work, I found myself become much more tan. Who cares! It was my happy time, when I finished all the things. I went out with my friends almost everyday. Sometimes we played games or sport or went hiking. Sometimes we went shopping in the evening for the sun is too heavy in the daytime. We felt uncomfortable. But now there are two days left before the school opening time. So I have to stay at home for a good rest to store energy for my study. Everything is so perfect. It is 11 o’clock. I think I have to say good ninght now.

时间飞逝。我的暑假就要结束了。我的假期一般般。在假期一开始的时候，我写家庭作业。毕竟，学习是最重要的嘛。我做完作业后，几乎到了七月底了。是时候帮助家人收获了。干农活是如此的累。然而，作为家庭的一员，我不得不帮忙。虽然我只是帮了一点点，但是看着那些成果我感到很骄傲。干完农活后，我发现自己变得更黑了。不过，谁在乎呢。当我完成了所有的事情就是我的快乐时光。我几乎每天都和我的朋友出去玩。有时我们玩游戏或运动或去爬山。有时我们晚上出去购物，因为白天太阳太烈了。我们觉得难受。但现在离开学还有两天的时间。所以我必须呆在家里为学习养精蓄锐。一切都是那么的美好。现在已经十一点了。我想是该说晚安的时候了。

篇二：

Summer holiday is from July to August .It s a long time for me to do all kinds of things . I like visiting some places of

interest . And I like travelling by train . It takes me too much time , but it saves money .Sometimes I stay at home and do

my homework , sometimes I help my parents do some house work. When my parents are free , we often go to the park or

the zoo , and we have a good time there . I have a good summer holiday .

我的夏日假期暑假从7月至8。这山对我来说长的时间做各种事情。我喜欢参观一些地方的利益。我喜欢坐火车旅行。这要花我太多的时间，但它可以节省资金。有时候，我留在家里做功课，有时我帮助我的父母做一些家务。当我的父母都是免费的，我们经常去公园或动物园，我们有一个好的一段时间。我有一个愉快的暑假。

篇三：

My summer holiday begun on July 7th.I love summer holiday because I dont have to go to school and I can enjoy myself with my friends.I often spend the mornings doing my homework.And I always watch TV in the afternoon at home because its very hot outside.And in the evening,I go swimming with my family and then hang out with my friends.I love swimming very much.

我的暑假7月7日开始。我喜欢暑假，因为我不用去学校，可以和朋友玩。我经常在上午做作业，下午在家看电视，因为外面很热。傍晚，我和家人去游泳然后和朋友去逛街。我很喜欢游泳。

My plan for August is travelling.I travel with my family every summer holiday.I like travelling because I can go to different places and meet different people.Sometimes I make good friends during the journey.And its very sad to say goodbye to them when the journey ends.

我八月份的计划是去旅游。我每个暑假都和家人去旅游。我喜欢旅游是因为我可以去不同的地方认识不同的人。有时候我在旅途中交到了好朋友。旅途结束和他们告别的时候我觉得很难过。

[初中英语作文我的暑假3篇

When I return to my hometown on holidays, I will be very excited, because

it is the place that I love so much. The trees are so green and the sky is so

blue. When I play on the river side, I can catch fish. I grow up there and have

a happy time with my dear friends. I will never forget the beautiful scenery

there.

Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands and prairies into farms and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.

However, mans changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of the countryside. The pollution of water is equally harmful. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed and industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.

Now environmental protection is more pressing than ever before. As we know, massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even poses a great threat to mans existence. Indifference to these problems will mean committing suicide. Therefore, effective measures should be taken and laws passed to conserve environment. Otherwise, man is certain to suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack of care for his living surroundings

历史上的人改变了他的物理环境,以改善自己的生活方式。借助技术工具改变了地球的许多自然特征。他将林地和草原改造成为农田,使江河变成湖泊和水库,用于灌溉或用于水力发电。男人也修改了地球表面由高山沼泽和切断山区修建公路和铁路。

然而,人的物理环境的变化并不总是有有益的结果。今天,空气和水的污染是越来越危害地球的健康。每天成千上万吨的机动车辆的排气管排出的气体排放出来。工厂释放的烟雾污染了空气工业化地区和周边地区的农村。水的污染也同样有害。海洋的整个生态平衡正在改变,工业废物已经使许多河流毫无生气。

现在,环境保护比以往任何时候都更为紧迫。正如我们所知,环境的巨大破坏已带来负面影响,甚至对人类造成巨大威胁的存在。对这些问题漠不关心将意味着自杀。因此,应采取有效措施并通过法律来保护环境。不然的话,人类势必遭受缺乏所造成的严重后果关心生存环境

传统的英语教学方式一般以组织教学、讲授知识、巩固知识、运用知识和检查知识来展开，在教学中就亲身感觉到学生在课堂上容易走神，倦怠，提不起兴趣，参与课堂极少。而新课改下的“英语高效课堂”，我校探索出了“导，启，主，动”式教学模式，是通过教师引导启发、设置情景，使学生能够主动思考、积极探索，热情参与，实现学生多方面能力综合发展、培养学生能力的一种教学模式。

现将从以下三个方面汇报学习总结与感悟：

一.机会难得，热情高涨。

首先感谢杨老师和学校领导多次给我外出学习的机会，让我开阔眼界，丰富知识，提升能力，逐步成长，更好的工作。不胜感激!说句实在话，真的有些累，学习内容安排的满满的，甚至是计划多了，时间不够，可激情深邃的报告与热情精彩的公开课让你来不及去思索累与不累，只有沉浸其中……

二.内容丰盈，异彩纷呈

1.咸慧校长的报告---先哲苏格拉底。

咸慧是一位女校长，干练的外表，激情的语言，的确有感染力与号召力。她的报告内容深刻，意义深远，作为女校长，有如此超前的教育意识，丰厚的文化底蕴，锲而不舍的钻研精神着实令人欣佩。她向我们介绍了先哲苏格拉底的哲学思想、教育思想等，震撼了我的心灵，启迪了我的智慧。在以后的学习与工作中我将不遗余力的感悟其哲学思想与教育思想并彻头彻尾的实践在教育教学此文转自斐斐课件园中。

2.李梦康老师的三节公开课。

三节公开课分为说读课，听写课，综合课。大致是用这样的三节课结束一单元的学习。听之前就很难苟同，听之后也很难谋和。李老师的课无非是打破上课的常规，打乱教材的顺序进行灌输性的教学，跨越太大，内容太简，结构太乱，违背学生的认知规律。再者教师的基本素质也很一般，总之，感觉不是很舒服。但是李老师的执着与奉献，勤奋与钻研的精神让我陷入深深的思考，从他身上，我学到的是他执著于教育事业、孜孜不倦、严谨勤奋、潜心钻研、尽心尽责的那种热爱工作，热爱生活的高品位的生命形式。这些，促使我反思以前的工作，更好的展开现在的工作。

3.张秀玲老师的公开课

张老师是日照市一位优秀的英语教师，多次参加省级讲课比赛，战绩赫赫。有幸听张老师的课犹如丰盛的大餐，营养丰富，回味无穷。张老师那镇静的教态，流畅的口语，严谨的组织，活泼的教学，精心的设计，让整堂课如行云流水般的舒畅，蓝天碧水般的清澈，柠檬怡人般的清新。Wonderful ! 受益匪浅，我将不断学习，不断思考，不断更新理念，全新的投入英语教学。

4.阅读课教学的设计与组织---徐庆仰

日照市教学研究室的徐主任对阅读课教学的设计与组织给出了精辟的的理论和独到的见解，他那种最前沿的思考与指导对进行阅读教学有很明确的指导意义。主要从以下几个方面给我启示：

(1.)阅读教学设计步骤要分析课文的真实语义、语境、语用目的;设计恰当的阅读技能与学习目的;确认图式差异---即学生尚无课文理解却需要的图式;设计目标。

(2.)阅读教学应遵循：意义理解在先，语言学习在后;体现层次;先主旨后细节;先表层后深层;阅读技巧贯穿于始终;知识学习基于语篇。

(3.)阅读步骤。分别阐明Pre-reading While-reading Post-reading 三环节的aims﹠strategies.有很强的可操作性和实用性。

三.收获颇丰，感悟至深

每次的学习对于工作在教学第一线的我，感觉是幸福而又充实的，因为面对不同风格的名师，不同类型的讲座，能感受到思想火花的冲击。耳濡目染的东西很多，但要采他山之玉为我所用，纳百家之长解我所困却需要一个消化吸收的过程，作为一线教师的我会坚定不移的走下去，前边的路很长，我不能走到最前沿，但我会朝这个目标去努力。所谓“高山仰止，景行行止，虽不能至，心向往之”这是我一生的追求。

It is the duty of every citizen to make the country rich and powerful (To make the country rich and strong is…)。 In order to accomplish this object one must be patriotic (love his country)。 I consider this an unchangeable truth.

How can a student love his country (be patriotic)? I find my answer very simple and clear. He must study hard and store up knowledge so as to serve his (the) country in the future. If every student can do according to what I said, the country will certainly be rich and powerful.

要使国家富强是每个公民的责任。为了达到此目的，必须爱国。我认为这是一条不易的定理。

一个学生如何才能爱国呢?我发觉答复很简单明了。他必须用功读书并积储知识以便将来服务国家。如果每个学生能按照我所说的去做，国家一定会富强。

一、指导思想：

围绕课改完善和深化学科教学常规，严格执行教研室、学校的各项教育、教学制度和要求，加强英语学科与信息技术的整合，聚焦常态课堂，关注教师成长，强调团队合作精神，全面提高英语教学质量,切实抓好校本科研、校本培训，从而促进全体英语教师的业务水平。

二、基本思路：

1、教学目标：培养兴趣，加强学法指导，抓常态课堂、高效课堂，稳固提高英语教学质量。

2、教研目标：组织进行校内外的教学研究活动，认真撰写论文，组织老师上研究课、示范课，通过研讨、评课等形式，做好课后反思，使本组教师理论与实践水平共同提高。

三、具体工作：

1、加强理论学习，更新教学理念，全面推进素质教育。全体英语教师都要抽出时间学习新理论，以先进的教育理念指导自己的教育教学实践。改进评价内容和评价方法，即努力做到关注学生学业成就的同时，还要关注学生情感态度、行为方式的发展，注重培养学生综合实践的能力，全面提高学生的素质。

2、强化教学常规的落实，提高课堂教学效率，组织教师认真学习学校教学常规，指导检查教师的教学工作，特别抓好“备课”、“上课”、“课后辅导”、“培优辅导”等主要环节，鼓励教师充分发挥教学特长，有效提高教学效率。

3、加强集体备课仍是本学期教研组工作的重点，因此要做到有计划、有目标、有实效，不走形式，各备课组每周至少活动一次，时间固定，要紧紧围绕教研组活动的主题，并有活动记录。以集体力量、集体智慧来提高英语组全体教师的业务水平。

4、打造“常态课堂、高效课堂”。教研组各教师认真学习常态课堂的基本要求，并每人按计划上一次公开课，要求集体备课，及时评课，找出不足，共同学习，共同促进，以学生的主体作用为重点，以合作学习的时效性为重点，从而来实现高效课堂。

5、加快信息技术学习进程，从而推动学科教学与信息技术的整合。组织所有教师运用现代教学理念设计多媒体教学辅助课件，组织多媒体教学观摩活动等，达到能将多媒体高效运用于英语教学中。

6、加强初三毕业班工作的研究，提高毕业班教学效率，组织全组成员认真学习《大纲》、《中考说明》，加强对中考动向的信息收集和试题研究。抓好听、说、读、写综合技能的培养，特别注重学生阅读能力的训练，另外所有英语教师要协助九年级教师搞好中考复习和模拟考试，力争中考第一仗顺利。

7、组织本教研组教师撰写论文。英语组要确定教研专题，全体英语教师通过理论学习和校本培训，不断反思、探索，并联系实际积极撰写英语教育教学论文。

总之，在校领导的带领下我们英语组全体组员会开拓进取，不断完善自己，将教学质量放首位，为学校的教育事业贡献力量。

①1782年4月，法国巴黎的一位采石工人劈开了一块巨大的石头，眼前的一幕让他惊呆了：石头里面藏着4只蟾蜍，它们竟然都还活着。石头被劈开后，这4只蟾蜍蹦了出来，看起来还很有活力。

②科学家对这里的石灰岩层进行了科学测定，证实它们形成于100多万年之前，也就是说这4只蟾蜍在石层中已经冬眠100多万年了。

③这件事让人们大为惊诧，这4只蟾蜍竟然能活100多万年！它们是怎么在这100多万年里保持着生命的活力的呢？

④我们谁都渴望长寿，可是人类和其他动物的寿命都是有限的。一只狗可以活15年到20年，一匹马可以活30年到40年。无论是人类还是动物，生命都是有限的。一般来说，人的生命极限为200至250年，而普通的蟾蜍的生命极限也只是10年。

⑤可是这4只小小的蟾蜍竟然能够挑战生命的极限，存活了100万年，这令人唏嘘不已。

⑥面对这样的生命奇迹，人们不禁要问：“在如此漫长的时间内，这些蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下，是怎么维持生命的呢？这些能生存百万年的老寿星们，它们是怎么修炼出长寿秘诀的呢？”

⑦有科学家分析说，可能是这些动物在冬眠的时候地壳发生了变动，它们所在的淤泥变成了岩石，这些岩石虽然看起来很坚固，其实存在着不少微小缝隙，所以水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，它们便可以生存了。但是，动物要维系生命，还需要一定的热量，尽管蟾蜍或青蛙在冬眠时热量消耗非常低，但它们自身的热量，无论如何也无法维持数千年甚至数万年之久啊！

⑧有科学家解释说，蟾蜍能经过上百万年仍有生命体征，得益于它们生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下。封存它们的岩层或矿层就是这样一个恒温的环境。在这样的环境下，它们不会受到任何外界的刺激，天气阴晴冷暖、四季交替对它们都没有什么影响。蟾蜍实际上等于把生命贮藏了起来，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。

⑨还有科学家认为，蟾蜍长寿是因为它们体内有一种甘油在起作用。美国的一位科学家就曾做过这样的实验：他先把几只快要冬眠的青蛙放到零下6度的环境中，一周之后，他给青蛙慢慢地提高温度解冻，并检查青蛙的肌肉成分，结果发现它们的肌肉中多了一种甘油。所以他认为，蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

⑩另有一些科学家认为，上述解释都还不够充分。迄今为止，对于蟾蜍和青蛙如何长久维持生命的问题，科学家们还没有形成一致的结论。但随着生物科学的迅速发展，相信这个谜团最终会被解开，这可能还会对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用呢。

(选自2014年2期《学生天地 》初中版)

1.对于蟾蜍在没有食物、水和阳光的环境下得以长寿的原因，科学家有哪几种解释？请作简要概括。

2.选文第③段中加着重号的“这件事”指代什么？

3.选文第④段加线句运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？

4.简析第⑩段加着重号的词语“可能”的作用。

参考答案：

1.①包裹蟾蜍的岩石存在着不少微小缝隙，水分和空气都能够进入岩石中，蟾蜍便可以生存了。②蟾蜍生存在一个保持“恒温”的环境下，不进行新陈代谢，不消耗能量，所以能长期不吃东西而不死亡。③蟾蜍在冬眠时，由于体内产成了一种甘油，所以才能长久不死。

2.4只蟾蜍在一块巨大的石头里活了100多万年。

3.用列数字的说明方法，真实具体地说明了一般动物的寿命是有限的。

4.“可能”表推测，说明蟾蜍长寿谜团被解开，也许对研究人类长寿问题有启迪和借鉴作用，“可能”体现出说明文语言的准确性、科学性特点。