中秋节的习俗英语高中作文（合集20篇）

The lunar August 15 is Chinas traditional holiday -- the Mid-Autumn festival. The Mid-Autumn festival and the Spring Festival ching Ming festival Dragon Boat Festival is known as the Chinese han nationalitys four big traditional holiday. The word "Mid-Autumn festival" first seen in "rites". According to history records the ancient imperial sacrifices feast in the month as the lunar August 15 at the time of sowing and ploughing and a half so the name "Mid-Autumn festival"; And because this festival in August in the autumn so it is also called "autumn festival" "the mid autumn festival" "August" "Mid-Autumn festival"; And pray for the reunion belief and related customs activities therefore also called "the mid autumn festival" "sections".

For the main activity of the Mid-Autumn festival is around the "month" so they are commonly known as "moon festival" "the moon and the" "chasing day" "play on day" "worship festival"; In the tang dynasty the Mid-Autumn festival is also known as "correct". The prevalence of Mid-Autumn festival began in song dynasty to Ming and qing dynasties along with New Years day to become one of the major festivals in China. About the origin of the Mid-Autumn festival generally there are three: originated from the ancient worship of the month the custom of song and dance to meet under the moon autumn in ancient relic of the land.

The Mid-Autumn festival from 20 xx year for the national legal holiday. Country attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage May 20 20 xx years the festival have been approved by the state council listed in the first batch of state-level non-material cultural heritage list.

If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance more often, and never give up a thing because it was or inconvenient. if we want light, we must conquer darkness. perseverance can sometimes equal genius in its results. “there are only two creatures,” says a proverb, “who can surmount the pyramids—the eagle and the snail.”

if i were a boy again, I would school myself into a habit of attention; i would let nothing come between me and the subject in hand. i would remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.the habit of attention becomes part of our life, if we begin early enough. i often hear grown up people say “ i could not fix my attention on the sermon or book, although I wished to do so” , and the reason is, the habit was not formed in youth.

if I were to live my life over again, I would pay more attention to the cultivation of the memory. I would strengthen that faculty by every possible means, and on every possible occasion. it takes a little hard work at first to remember things accurately; but memory soon helps itself, and gives very little trouble. it only needs early cultivation to become a power.

After a year, just for one day.This day is to have the spring festival.There are two days to have the Spring Festival, people began to busy.

Firecrackers, poetic couplet and had bought, the prepared food, need to buy some bread stored, ready enough meat and noodles, dumplings have the Spring Festival.Dried fruit, fruit, candy, beverage, wine is also essential in the Spring Festival, celebrating the new years Eve night, when using, do a sumptuous the dinner on New Years Eve, usher in the new year.Many people also began to clean the windows, polished, call a person to see repeatedly praised.The room to maintain ones original pure character, good to create new year new weather.

Adults and the elderly are beginning to give the children ready to gift money, with red packaging, on behalf of the children new year wishes.I also began to prepare a few words of good wishes, wait until the new years Eve, people used to toast.Let them in the new year, happy to spend.

Television, host and various performances have also started to prepare a unable to hold oneself back Gala, back lines. Net, recorded the playing order.I hope that after this kind of careful preparation, Spring Festival Gala more colorful than last year!So that the audience can more easily through it in a year, turn the page, continue to have a happy life!

Soon have the Spring Festival, soon have the Spring Festival … …

Social Customs and Behavio

Social customs and ways of behaving change。 Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable。

To see a woman smoking in public today is not surprising， nor is it always ‘ladies first’ through doors， or on a crowded bus or train need the man give his seat to a woman。

Customs also differ from country to country。

The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable， especially if they are your guests。

[英语作文:社会习俗与行为

It was Mother’s Day. Sun Zheng thought he should do something for his mother.

He decided to help his mother do some housework. After school he went to a shop

to buy some food on his way home.

When he got home, he did his best to cook some nice food,though he couldn’t

do the cooking well. Thenhe cleaned the room. He felt very tired, but he was

very happy.

When his father and his mother came back and saw the clean rooms and dishes

which weren’t so nice, they were very happy.They had their supper together. His

mother said, "Thank you,my child!"

A young man asked Socrates the secret to success. Socrates told the young man to meet him near the river the next morning. They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river. When the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue. Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of air. Socrates asked, “What did you want the most when you were there?” The boy replied, “Air.” Socrates said, “That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted the air, then you will get it. There is no other secret.”

一个年轻人向苏格拉底询问成功的秘诀，苏格拉底让年轻人第二天早晨到河边 见他。他们见面后，苏格拉底叫年轻人和他一起走向河里，当河水淹至他们的 脖子时，苏格拉底出其不意地抓住年轻人并把其压入水中，那人想要挣出水面， 而强壮有力的苏格拉底将他摁在水中直到他变得无力抗争，脸色发青。苏格拉 底将他的头拖出水面，这个年轻人所做的第一件事就是大口喘息后，深吸一口 气。苏格拉底问： “当你闷在水里的时候你最想要的是什么?”年轻人回答说： “空气。 ”苏格拉底说： “那就是成功的秘诀。当你像渴望空气一样渴望成功， 你就能够获得它!没有其他的秘密了。 ”

中秋节是我国传统的节日。在这一天里家家都洋溢着节日的气氛。据《礼记》记载：“天子春朝日，秋夕月。朝日之朝，夕月之夕。”这里的夕月之夕，指的正是夜晚祭祀月亮。这种风俗不仅为宫廷及上层贵族所奉行，随着社会的发展，也逐渐影响到民间。

——作者手记

中秋节起源于元代末年，江苏泰州的反元起义领袖张士诚(或说是朱元璋的谋士刘伯温)利用中秋民众互赠圆饼之际，在饼中夹带“八月十五夜杀鞑子”的字条，大家见了饼中字条，一传十十传百，如约于这天夜里一起手刃无恶不作的“鞑子”(元兵)，过后家家吃饼庆祝起义胜利，并正式称中秋节的圆饼为月饼。在后来很长历史时期，甚至在上世纪末，许多月饼上还贴有一方小纸片!只可惜，近年所产月饼已不见小纸片踪影，月饼所含代代相传的“文化密码”荡然无存。另有一说为，明洪武初年，大将徐达攻下元朝残余势力盘踞的元大都北京，捷报传到首都南京，正在下棋的明太祖朱元璋欣喜若狂，即传谕中秋节普天同庆，并将当初反元大起义时传递信息的月饼赏赐臣民。月饼从此成为中秋节“法定”的食品，非食不可了。

吃月饼有很大的意义，吃月饼以示“团圆”。月饼，又叫胡饼、宫饼、月团、丰收饼、团圆饼等，是古代中秋祭拜月神的供品。相传我国古代，帝王就有春天祭日、秋天祭月的礼制。在民间，每逢八月中秋，也有左右拜月或祭月的风俗。“八月十五月儿圆，中秋月饼香又甜”，这句名谚道出中秋之夜城乡人民吃月饼的习俗。月饼最初是用来祭奉月神的祭品，后来人们逐渐把中秋赏月与品尝月饼，作为家人团圆的一大象征，慢慢的，月饼也就成为了节日的必备礼品。

“每届中秋，市人之巧者，用黄土抟成蟾兔之像以出售，谓之兔儿爷。”旧时北京东四牌楼一带，常有兔儿爷摊子，专售中秋祭月用的兔儿爷。此外，南纸店，香烛也有出售的。这兔儿爷，经过民间艺人的大胆创造，已经人格化了。它是兔首人身，手持玉杵。后来有人仿照戏曲人物，把兔儿爷雕造成金盔金甲的武士，有的骑着狮、象等猛兽，有的骑着孔雀，仙鹤等飞禽。特别是兔儿爷骑虎，虽属怪事，但却是民间艺人的大胆创造。还有一种肘关节和下颔能活动的兔儿爷，俗称“刮打刮打嘴”，更讨人喜欢。它虽为拜月的供品，但实在是孩子们的绝妙玩具。

在几十年前的北京街头，大约六十多岁以上老北京都还能记得。一过七月十五，兔儿爷摊子就摆出来了。前门五牌楼、后门鼓楼前、西单、东四等处，到处都是兔儿爷摊子，大大小小，高高低低，摆的极为热闹。

As soon as I was enrolled in college I reit a big burden off my mind. So did my classmates. We just wanted to relax. But at our first English Lesson on how to improve our study the teacher told us," There is no end to learning. You can only become a top student with additional work." And she says hard work is rewarding.

The teachers words awakened me. In fact everyone in the world is always learning. Mans talents are like wild plants. They need cutting and pruning with the tool of learning, We lears not only inside the classroom but also outside the classroom. Learning is a process in which man adapts to his surroundings. It is driven by mans desire to win respect and to contribute to society. It is the curiosity for knowledge stimulated by knowledge itself." To learn is to be young. Not to learn is to die." This saying applies to every society and to all ages.

Indeed, everyone living on earth is learning all the time. Man learns not only from books but also from his own experience We can not hope that as long as we learn we will gain benlfits. Efficient study is inseparable from good methods and motivation, A man of a strong sense of responsibility and full of ambition is insatiable in learning.

I entered the university after much efforts. I know it is only the first step on the road leading to the sea of knowledge. It is but the first page in the book of science. The further away ! am off shore, the more far-sighted! will be. The more you learn. the more you feel the need to learn. Art is long, life is short.

一进大学，我感到思想上卸了一个包袱，就像我们的同班同学一样，大家都想放松一下。可在如何提高学习水平的笫1堂英语课上，老师就对我们说：“学无止境。只有通过努力才能成为优等生。”同时还说努力学习是会有报偿的。

老师的话唤醒了我。事实上，世上每一个人都在学习。人的才能如野生植物，需要用学习这把工具予以修剪。我们不仅在课堂上学，而且还要在课外学。学习就是不断适应环境的过程。学习受“人要赢得尊重，就得对社会做贡献”的欲望所驱使。学习就是知识本身所引起的对知识的好奇。“学习使人年轻，不学习等于死亡。”这句话造用于任何社会、任何时代。

确实，世人无时不在学习。人不仅从书本上学，而且在经验中学。我们不能指望只要学习就必有所获。有效的学习是与好的方法与动机分不开的。责任心强且有抱负的人会学而不厌。

经过努力，我进了大学，但我知道，这只是通往知识海洋上的第一步，只是科学这本书中的第1页。离岸越远，视野越宽。越学越想学。生命短暂，艺术无涯。

一、我国五一劳动节的习俗：

First, Chinas five one labor Festival custom:

风俗就是以劳动为主。对于农村来说，五一劳动节意义重大，因为那时正值农忙时期(插秧等)，学校都注重放假,让假期间学生能为家具献出一份力，同时也锻炼了自己。我只知道这点，因为以前中学的时间每逢五一，收假回来后总是脸被晒成了炭般。

The custom is to labor. For rural areas, the five one day of great significance, because it was busy period (transplanting), schools are on holiday, so that students can have a holiday for the furniture, but also exercise their own. I only know this, because before school time every five one, closed off back always face was tanned carbon.

二、世界各国五一劳动节的习俗：

Two, the countries all over the world Labor Day customs:

欧洲

Europe

欧洲仍以示威庆祝“五一” 在英国和德国，当局担心示威恐怕会有无政府主义者闹事捣乱。在德国柏林，警方和无政府主义者半夜发生冲突，有多人被捕。不过，数千名工会活跃分子却和平地在市内游行。在法国和奥地利，反对退休金改革的人也上街参与游行。从土耳其国家电视台的新闻画面完全可以看见，警方用警棍打示威者，并扯着其中一人的头发把他拉走。

Europe is still in celebration of "five one" in the UK and Germany, the authorities worried that the protest would anarchists rioting. In Berlin, the police and the anarchist in the conflict, there have been many arrests. However, thousands of trade union activists and flat in the city parade. In France and Austria, against pension reforms in Shangjie to participate in the procession of people. From the Turkey national television news can be seen, the police beat protesters with batons, and pull one hair pulled him away.

意大利：不庆祝不放假

Italy: dont celebrate the holiday

英国、法国等欧洲国家都将“五一”确定为劳动节，不少国家都放假一天，还有的国家则根据情况将公共假期放在5月的第一个星期一。不过，和世界大多数国家不太一样的是，意大利尽管承认“五一”国际劳动节，政府也表示尊重劳工，但一般人并不举行专门的庆祝活动，也没有全国性的“五一”假期。

Britain, France and other European countries will be "five one" as the labor day, many countries have a day off, and countries are according to the public holiday on the first Monday of May. However, most of the country and the world are not the same, Italy while acknowledging that "five one" International Labor Day, the government also expressed respect for labor, but most people do not hold a special celebration, also does not have the national "five one" holiday.

美洲

America

秘鲁：国家规定5月1日为国家的劳动节，而且全国放假一天。

Peru: May 1st National Labor Day in the provisions of the state, and the National Day holiday.

On October 6th, 2013, I went Xiao Meisha with my fellows to spend a nice seaside holiday. On our arriving at Xiao Meisha, we were all filled with excitement, since this was our first trip to the seaside. Xiao Meisha was an excellent seaside resort indeed. There the sky was clean and bright, the wind was mild and pleasant, the sandy beach was soft and comfortable, and the sea was so magnificent. We felt refreshed at that moment. It seemed as if we traveled in the heaven.

We did many kinds of activities at the seaside. Some of us went swimming in the sea; some went surfing; some dived underwater; some had a walk along the sea; some played sports on the beach. But I just took some photos of the beautiful sea scenery. All of us had a happy time.

In the evening, when it was about the time for leaving, we were unwilling to go, because the beautiful sea scenery deeply attracted us. We all expected for our next coming. So I could say that the seaside holiday was both relaxing and wonderful.

Nowadays, with the development of computer, the function of computer has developed, too. We can use computer to check the instant news, make friend and so on. The reason why so many people addict to computer is that they like to play the computer games, there are all kinds of computer games, everyone can find a game which is suitable to him. Too much involve in the computer games is wasting time, we should control our habit. First, we must set the limit time on it, wed better not to play the game over an hour. We have to tell ourselves that we must stop playing when the time is up, we have another thing to do. Second, we should go out with friends often, so we can communicate with others, it makes our mind not focus on the computer games. I am not saying we should not play computer games, but we should not addict to it.

My father is a hardworking man and he is very kind.I love him very much.Every morning he gets up earlyto makeus breakfast. In the evening, he is alwayscome back home late. At weekends, he oftengoes outwith me and my mother for fun. He is a man of few words, but he often says to me "A little learning is a dangerous thing". I will always remember hiswords.

在日语里称为“月见”。日本的赏月习俗来源于中国，在1000多年前传到日本后，当地开始出现边赏月边举行宴会的风俗习惯，被称为“观月宴”。称为“月见团子”。由于这个时期正值各种作物的收获季节，为了对自然的恩惠表示感谢，日本人要举行各种庆祝活动。虽然日本在明治维新后废除了农历，改用阳历，但是现在日本各地仍保留着中秋赏月的习俗，一些寺院和神社在中秋节还要举办专门的赏月会。

在日本，农历八月十五中秋节被称为“十五夜”或“中秋名月”。日本人在这一天同样有赏月的习俗，日语里对中秋节有不同的名称，如‘十五夜’、‘仲秋’、‘中秋の明月’、‘芋名月’等，其中以‘十五夜’(唐朝已用‘十五夜’，王建有く十五夜望月七绝一首)及’‘中秋の明月’最为普遍。过中秋的习俗早在唐朝时已传入，最初在朝廷贵族之间流行(中秋例必举行作诗奏乐的盛会)，后来连民间也跟随。著名的[竹取物语]便以中秋为背景。不过在历史上，日人对中秋的重视程度远不及中国人。明治维新以后，日本政府废除农历，中秋及其它从中国传来的节日亦因此衰退。到了今天，中秋在日本是不太受重视的节日。跟香港不同，它不是公众假期。城市人及年青人多不知中秋与何物。到了晚上电视新闻提醒：‘今天是十五夜’才记得。

与中国人在中秋节的时候吃月饼不一样，日本人在赏月的时候吃江米团子又称‘月见团子’(一种用糯米造成的白色团子)。这种‘月见团子’是中秋时才在日本百货公司、超市及和菓子店有售。其源已不可考。有可能是唐风。近年亦有人将甜的红豆沙或其它东西涂在无味的‘月见团子’上以改良口味。日人是没有吃月饼的风俗。全日本只有一间做月饼的生产商，但却一连四季都生产，所以你任何时候到日本旅游，都是可以吃到月饼的。虽然日文有‘月见’(即赏月)一词，但日本人重视的是初春的‘花见’而非中秋的‘月见’。日人‘月见’的方式是先将‘月见团子’、苇草及日本酒祭祀上天，然后一家一边吃月见团子，一边从家中的窗口看圆月。也有神社佛寺举行赏月会。不过现在一般都市人都不再‘月见’了。

[有关中秋节日本的习俗作文

Zeng Qiao is one of my friends. She is a beautiful, outgoing and good-tempered girl. She smiles frequently. I think it’s her smile that makes her beauty. We live in the same dormitory, so that we always stay together, no matter going to classroom or having dinners. At first, I don’t like her very much, because she is always talking. It seems that she can’t stop open her mouth. I am a little bit quiet and introverted, so I seldom talk to others. But gradually, I find that she can have influence on others by what she says. Zeng Qiao likes sharing interesting things with others. For example, she likes telling us her funny stories of her childhood or her former classmates. She always tells me that I should be more extroverted and learn to talk to others. Under the influence of her, I communicate with others more frequently and I find that it feels so great. I am so grateful that I can have such a good friend.

导语：端午节那天佩戴香囊，那你知道端午节那天佩戴香囊的用意是什么吗? 下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的有关端午节的作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

On Dragon Boat Festival, parents also need to dress their children up with a sachet. They first sew little bags with colorful silk cloth, then fill the bags with perfumes or herbal medicines(草药), and finally string them with silk threads. The sachet will be hung around the neck or tied to the front of a garment as an ornament. They are said to be able to ward off evil.

The sachets (Hsiang Pao in Chinese香包) are very popular with children and they vie(竞争) with each other to collect as many as possible. Children are not the only ones who collect Hsiang Pao. Older people are often given them as a symbol of respect, and they are highly prized because of the intricate(复杂的) and beautiful embroidery(刺绣) that adorns(装饰) them.

【参考译文】

端午节最有特色的饰物就是香包(sachet)。小孩佩戴香包，传说有避邪驱瘟之意。用含有多种香味的药用植物做成的香包也可以预防疾病。

端午节小孩佩香囊，不但有避邪驱瘟之意，而且有襟头点缀之风。香囊内藏有朱砂、雄黄、香药， 外包以丝布，清香四溢， 再以五色丝线弦扣成索，作各种不同形状，结成一串，形形色色，玲珑夺目。

初四了，一天时间依旧是24小时，但似乎格外的紧张，休息的时间少了，学习的时间多了，每天学习的时间远远多于和爸妈聊天的时间，所以倍加珍惜假日，今年国庆中秋放假，一定要趁假期把学习的烦恼和爸妈磨叽磨叽。

中秋节——一个团圆的节日，晚上吃完饭我和爸妈围坐在桌前。

我说：“爸妈，我觉得上学真累，每天早出晚归的。上课要集中精力，下课要请教疑难问题，回家还要做作业。每天那么晚睡，我已经是一个头两个大了。不管是周末还是假期，我们总有做不完的作业。”老妈说：“那没办法呀，你如果不现在不好好学习学习，就不能上好高中，也就考不上好大学，更别提找到好工作了。现在社会竞争这么激烈，对学生来说读好书是唯一的出路。“哎呀，可我现在真的很累呀。你们小时候学习好吗?学习有这么累吗?”老爸急忙接一句;“我那时可聪明了，所有的东西一学就会。”我“噗”的一下笑出来，又接着说：“那你现在怎么没成科学家或是工程师呢?”老爸叹了一口气，小声说：“那时根本没有想到现在，每天除了玩就是玩，没把学习看得很重，当然就没有多大本事。再说了聪明归聪明，不努力也是白费。”老妈也插一句：“没听过这样一句话么：黑发不知勤学早，白首方悔读书迟。到妈妈这个岁数想记东西都难了。孩子，先有苦后有甜，吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。”我沉默了，虽然我心里还是有些不平衡，再转念想想爸妈说的话，还是有一定道理。

那晚，我失眠了，虽说条条大路通罗马，不只是上大学这一条路，但一个人要有理想并为之奋斗，不能不努力就放弃。人生能有几回搏，我一骨碌从床上起来，好多天来因繁重的学习压力给我造成的坏情绪一扫而光。望着窗外的月亮，似乎比以往中秋夜看到的更大、更圆，心里也更亮堂了。我对自己说：“奋斗没有结束!”

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

Spring Festivel is a special Chinese festivel. Everyone like Spring Festivel. Why? Because everyone have a long holiday. People don‘ go to work. Everyone can sleep to nine o‘clock. Every chlidren also like Spring Festival. Why? Because. Every chlidren don‘t go to school. Every chlidren have many money. Every people have many new cloths. Duration in Spring Festivel every people eat dumplings.

We have story for Spring Festivel. Longlong ago. A beast named nian. He is very bed. Every year he always eat many people and animal. At lost many people kill the beast. So we are commemorate this day.

[英语作文：新年习俗

关于保护动物高中英语作文1：Animals Need Protecting

Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sport, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the earth forever. Hundreds more are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger.

Why should people care? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly.

Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.

关于保护动物高中英语作文2：Protect animals

I am a student from Xinhua High School in Chongqing，China. Informed that you have a vacancy for a student to serve as the spokesman for animals, I cannot resist my inner excitement,hoping to seize the opportunity to do something for animals .

In my mind，nothing can delight me so much as caring for animals. Wherever I go and whatever I do, I usually keep in mind that animals are angels from the heaven, which bring us endless comfort and pleasure. I have been a panda lover since my childhood. Panda is so lovely that brings fun to people and they are regarded as the treasure of our country. Unfortunately，such a rare species is now faced with the danger of being extinct。What I am eager to do is to raise people’s awareness of animal protection and appeal to more people to care for our earth companies.

关于保护动物高中英语作文3：How tu protect animals

It is known to everyone that the unrestrained slaughter of wild animals has diminished the number of some endangered species. More and more species are being driven to extinction every year. It is terrible to think that magnificent animals are being sacrificed to human vanity

There are already laws enacted to prevent the importation of rare animals and the products made from their flesh, skin and bones.

These laws must be strictly enforced. Violators of these laws must be severely punished .Moreover, the public must be informed about the natural treasures we stand to lose .If we don’t take immediate action, we will be depriving future generations of our most precious heritage.

In Taiwan, because most people do not understand the importance of wildlife, the wildlife is in a poor situation. We Chinese are fond of eating anything delicious, so there are many animals killed by hunters. People enjoy eating tigers, bears, birds, and lions, so there are fewer and fewer birds flying in the sky and fewer and fewer bears running here and there in the forest. Instead, we often see them for sale at the market. How poor they are! And how cruel we are!

In my opinion, we should try every possible way to preserve wildlife. First, no one is allowed to hurt any wild animal. Second, the authorities concerned should punish those who kill any wild animal. Third, we should pay more attention to those endangered species to protect them from being eaten. If we can do so, nature must become very beautiful.

中秋节是我国传统节日之一。我国有很多传统的节日，每个节日都有一个故事，这个故事是介绍这些节日是怎么来的，有什么寓意等等。都可以在这个节日的故事里得知。

中秋节有很多故事，其中有一个是众人皆知的——传说很久以前嫦娥飞上月宫后。后羿很想念他，一天王母告诉后羿说，月圆时向西做好一些糕团，三更时呼唤嫦娥，嫦娥真的飞来，后来这些糕团就称为月饼。所以中秋节也叫月节等等的名字。

中秋节有很多习俗，活动。就比如赏月，拜月，吃月饼提灯笼舞火龙等等每个地方都有不一样的习俗，活动。我记得我小的时候，中秋节最喜欢就是吃月饼，然后就是和一些经常在一起玩的人去赏月，晚上九点钟月亮很圆很大。就拿着手电筒去地坛。我们躺在尼龙纸上面，对着月亮。关掉手电筒观察月亮，圆圆的月亮里有一棵树，在月亮上显得很弯曲，好像是绕着月亮伸展，月亮发出来的光很柔和。洁白亮丽，它的光照下来，不用打开手电筒也能看清路。月亮的光照在地上，就像我们也在月亮上面一样。赏玩月我们就开始聊天。不过比我大的孩子都是聊一些我们没经历过的事。聊完天，大的孩子就想捉弄小的孩子，就骗我们说“闭上眼睛在这里睡一下，感受一下。”当我们闭上眼睛多久他们就会跑，所以我们有的真闭上眼，有的眯着眼看他们，他们静静的跑了，我们也在跟着跑，有些跑得比较慢，又追不上我们，被他们吓一吓就边哭边跑等我们停下等他她来到我身边就哭着跑变成笑着跑。

现在回想起来，觉得现在的中秋节没什么节日气氛，中秋节变得有点冷淡了。

“但愿人长久，千里共婵娟”自古以来，天空中那轮皎洁的月亮，披着一层神秘的面纱，被诗人吟诵，被人们拜舞，人们一直对月亮充满敬畏与幻想，认为月亮是团圆的象征。

明月中秋全家聚，月下私语乐融融。中秋是吃月饼的时候，至于中秋吃月饼，是因为一个爱国的传说。元朝时期，君主怕子民造反，下令十家合用一把菜刀，这十家还要供养一位蒙古奴隶主的爪牙，这些爪牙胡作非为，横行霸道，人民叫苦连天，死的死，亡的亡，一位正义的大臣看不下去了，就在中秋月下，写了许多“爱国正义，推翻王朝，一起连手，还我河山”的字条，夹在月饼里，把月饼分送到人家，吃月饼时，看到字条，互相传送，人们有了联络的信号，一起造反，推翻了腐败的元朝。从此，中秋送月饼，吃月饼的习俗流传到今，经久不衰。

中秋佳节，全家团圆，儿子儿媳都要回家与父母团聚，除了万不得已，必须回家。全家一起吃月饼，代表以后的日子家道兴旺，吉祥如意。

也许一年之中，除春节外，中秋是唯一一个团圆的日子，有奔波在外的人，心中早被功利、名誉、金钱占据，连这个日子也忘了，也许有浪迹天涯的游子真的不能回家，但对于他们来说，这样，“孝”就成了刻骨的伤痛，该是多么大的遗憾呀!我相信，许多人在父母面前许下“孝”的宏愿，满怀憧憬的走了，他们相信自己有衣锦还乡的一天，有尽孝的一日，但他们忘了，忘了时间的残酷，忘了生命本身的不堪一击，忘了“孝”字会一瞬间成为泡影。父母不需要我们长跪不起，不需要我们忏悔自己的无知，也许多陪父母一会儿，父母就知足，也许一杯热茶，父母便宽心。生命的短暂，有几时能尽孝?借中秋佳节，回家探亲，尽微薄的孝心，如果此时都不团聚，那么何时能弥补?那是多么大的遗憾呀!在葡萄架下赏月，中秋这天的月亮特别圆，圆的毫无缺憾，圆的动人心扉，一轮金黄的月亮嵌在乌蓝的夜空中，更显得明亮，众星捧月，圆圆的月亮好像一家人，团团圆圆，我想，中秋团圆就是由此而来。

中伙吃饭时，没有赶到家的人，必须要留出一个空位，放上他的衣服，以表对他的思念。李白曾诗云：举头望明月，低头思故乡。有时，我们在这里过中秋，爸爸总是喜欢望着明月背这名诗，没有与家人团聚，没有共同赏月，且身在异乡，只得给遥遥那方土地打个电话，听听家人的声音，这种刻骨铭心的酸楚，爸爸体会的更深。爸爸说，他上学时，中秋不能回家，他与别的同学在一起看月亮，想起摆着衣服的空位，总有种想哭的冲动，打个电话，这边爸爸泪如海涌，妈，我要回家!晚上静静的躲在被窝，感到冷到骨子里，一种莫名的害怕。爸爸说，中秋是个团圆的日子，一个人不回家就感觉心里空落落的。

现在，只要我们中秋回家，奶奶脸上那种惊讶的幸福我永远忘不下。

明月皎皎，寄托着我们的思念，辽辽中秋，团聚着我们的幸福，明月中秋能几何?家人团聚知多少?这个团圆的日子，这个幸福的时刻，我们欢聚一堂。