保护野生动物英语作文高二【汇总20篇】

April 4th is the Tomb-sweeping Day in China, which is one of the most

important traditional festivals. The young people will come back home and sweep

tomb with their families. The meaning of Tomb-sweeping Day is to honor the

ancestors and it has more than 2500 years history. Chinese people pay special

attention to remember their ancestors, so no matter how far they are, they

always know where they are from. When they are old, they will return to the

place where they are from. It is a good tradition. The sense of belonging makes

people feel safe. Whats more, the relationship between relatives makes the

whole family become stronger, because people are united by the same ancestors.

Thus, they treat each other as families and give support all the time. What a

great tradition it is.

我最喜欢小青蛙，因为，他们穿着绿色的衣服，黄色的花纹，白白的肚子，捉起害虫可了不起啦！下面我就给你们讲讲青蛙在成长过程中的变化和它们是怎样捉害虫的吧！

青蛙小时候穿着黑黑的衣服，头圆圆的，叫蝌蚪，长大了以后就变成了现在这个样子。青蛙捉害虫的时候会把舌头伸的长长的，把害虫卷起来吃到肚子里，真了不起，青蛙一天至少能吃70条害虫，一年能吃到15000条，甚至比这还要多，青蛙还是游泳专家，它游得可快了。

但是，现在有很多人把它们抓来吃它们的肉，还把它们抓到市场去卖，这样的行为很不好，所以，我们应该劝他们停止伤害青蛙的行为。我们又应该怎么样劝呢？下面我就给你们讲讲吧！

我们可以说：“你们这样做很不好，如果你们把青蛙捉完了，那农民们的庄稼怎么办？那我们的粮食不就被害虫吃完了？可是，我们还要吃粮食，因为没有了青蛙，农民伯伯只能用农药来杀虫，那些农药被雨水冲刷流到河水里，不是又污染了水源吗？我们人类饮用这样的水身体还会健康吗？所以青蛙对我们非常重要，我们一定要保护它们。”

我希望有更多的人一起来保护这些有益的小动物。

[保护有益的小动物作文400字范例

As the new year is coming, many families plan to go the zoo and have fun together. But recently, a tragedy happened in the zoo, a man was bitten by a tiger. The public scared, then later the truth came out that the men tried to skip buying ticket and he went across the limited line. The animal has their nature. Once they are under threat, they will do the horrible thing. If the visitors behave themselves well and do as the tips, then the tragedy won’t happen. But still a lot of people scream and try to throw away the food to the animals, which do harm to the animals. It is everybody’s duty to protect animals.

随着新年的来临，许多家庭计划一起去动物园玩。而最近，动物园里发生了一场悲剧，有人被老虎咬伤。大家都害怕起来，结果真相是那个人试图逃票，还越过禁止线。动物都有自己的本能，一旦受到威胁，他们就会做可怕的事情。如果游客遵从提示、约束自我，那么悲剧就不会发生。但是仍然很多人会大喊大叫，试图扔食物给动物吃，这对动物是有害的。保护动物是每个人的责任。

高二环保英语作文篇1

With the improvement of our living standard, more and more people can afford a car. As a result, our roads are more often than not crammed with cars. However, with more and more waste gas being discharged by the cars, the problem of air pollution becomes even more serious. So nowadays we advocate to lead a low-carbon life.

My suggestion is we should ride bikes more often instead of driving cars.By riding a bike, we can not only exercise our body but also protect our environment. Why not have a try, my dear friends?

与我们的生活水平的提高,越来越多的人都买得起汽车的.因此,道路往往没有堆满了汽车.然而,随着越来越多的废气排放是汽车、空气污染问题变得更加严重.所以现在我们提倡过低碳的生活.

我的建议是我们应该更经常骑自行车而不是开车骑一辆自行车,我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境.为什么不试试,我亲爱的朋友?

高二环保英语作文篇2

Now, our side of the car constant more up, the environment also increasingly worse! That the air around us there are many harmful substances. Therefore, we want to Sue around things start to do. For example, we can go to school by bike or walk, it can exercise. If you have time can use less elevator, many climb stairs. We can not only physical exercise, but also to protect our environment.

现在,我们身边的汽车不断的多了起来,环境也越来越糟糕!以至于我们周围的空气有很多有害物质.所以,我们要苏身边的小事做起.比如,我们可以骑自行车上学或者步行,这样还可以锻炼身体.有时间的话可以少用电梯,多爬楼梯.我们不仅能锻炼身体,也能保护我们的环境.

高二环保英语作文篇3

Many people are active in fighting against unfair treatment to colored people, women , animals and so on. Right now I am talking about fighting for respect to our environment. Though the environment doesn’t have a mouth to deprecate what humans have done to her, she retaliates through action. In the early years the Chinese cut down large quantities of trees, at the source of the yellow river, which led to the disappearance of big forests and terrible floods.

As a result，the Huangtu plateau which was once covered with grass and forests was turned into barrens that supported fewer plants. Another example was in several developed countries. Because many chemical factories discharged poisonous gas without filtering it, cities were covered with so much poisonous gas that people were killed by the air they breathed in. What horrible scene! What we are suffering is only a small part of what the nature once suffered. If we don’t take action to show respect to the environment, we will have to face an increasingly awful situation. Measures should be taken to protect the environment on which we are relying.

First governments should forbid destroying vegetation, rivers and lakes, oceans, as and the atmosphere as well. Second voices should be made to announce the public of the importance of protecting the environment. Third enterprises should pay special attention to the effect they have on the environment and work out solutions for the problems. Only  changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it. Only by saving the environment can we save ourselves.

A sunny Sunday， usually every day and sleep until the sun father-drying

bottoms climb to get up early and get up in red， wake up my mother。 Drowsily

mother slowly said: "Today what the section， from Why so early?" Little Red said

excitedly: "Mom， do not install confused， you said that today took me to the

park!"

Came to park， mother and son were two beautiful scenery attract: kids， some

kite-flying， and some shooting while playing ball red bumper cars， while also

playing slippery slides， played with enjoying themselves， was sweating

profusely。

Little Red hobbled down to holding mothers hand while walking while

singing。 Suddenly， a banana peel， a red block of the avenue， little red slip

banana skin reminded once again to see if the banana peel to her protest， then

do not fight a gas， the foot kicked the banana peel。 Mom saw， as if aware of her

mind like， and did not criticize her， she just pulled the banana skin side next

to her while saying with great earnestness: "I know you have been slipping on

banana peel， very angry， but you should From the perspective of others think

that if you somehow accidentally stepped on a banana peel how to do red listened

to， very ashamed， the banana peel thrown into the bin。

Little Red looked at the move， my mother smiled。

Yes ah! Would it not everyone should be protected?

There are more and more endangered animals at present,so how to protect them has been our task of top priority .Its wrong for people to hunt animals for their meat and feather,for they are our good friends.

We should protect them instead of killing them.Giant pandas,which are one of the endangered animals,live in the forests and live on bamboo lealves.They can just live safely in the natural protection zones.We should stop killing animal and protect them.

目前有越来越多的濒危动物,所以如何保护他们一直是我们的重中之重的任务。是不对的人猎杀动物的肉和羽毛,因为他们是我们的好朋友。

我们应该保护他们,而不是杀死他们。大熊猫,这是濒危动物之一,生活在森林和住在竹lealves。他们可以安全地生活在自然保护区。我们应该停止杀害动物和保护他们。

Do you know Harry Potter? If you dont, then you are out of date. Many

people love Harry Potter, whether children or adults. I love Harry Potter, too.

Last week, I went to Nantong to see the movie "Harry Potter and the Goblet of

Fire".It was a wonderful movie. In the movie, Harry is the same age as us and he

is more handsome than me. Harrys best friends are Hermione and Ron. The movie

tells the story of Harrys Fourth Year at Hogwarts. The Goblet of Five selects

him to compete as one of four champions in the Throwizard Tournament, despite

the fact that he didnt submit his name. The Tournament is very dangerous so his

friends are all worried about him. Hermione and Ron try their best to help Harry

to prepare for each task. I think their friendship is unbreakable. Cho Chang,

who Harry likes, is a Chinese pretty girl. I liked her but I liked Hermione

better because she is very clever.Its very magical! I love magic as much as

Harry does. If I lived in a magic world, I could pick up gigantic things easily,

I could go to wherever I liked and I could fly on a broom, I could change my

hairstyle of any time, I could.Its a perfect world and its a perfect

dream.

When I was very small, I could see many birds flying in the sky when I looked at the sky, but as I grow up and move to the city, I find less birds in the sky. It is because the environment has been polluted and many birds are dying. We can do small things to protect the environment, so that the animals can live with us.

在我很小的时候，每当我仰望天空的时候，我都可以看到许多鸟在天上飞，但是当我长大后，搬到了城市，我几乎没见过有鸟儿在天空中飞。因为环境被污染了，许多鸟面临死亡。我们要做些小事来保护环境，让动物能和我们共存。

Times are changing day by day. Doing the shopping is easier. Most people

are better-dressed and they enjoy modern life.

Girls are changing, too. There are many differences between the older and

younger generations.

I know a twelve-year-old girl, who, to my surprise, has little time to

play. She told me that she dreamt of being a dancer, so she must learn to dance,

play music and so on. Sometimes, she is out of breath under such pressure, but

she can’t stop because modern life is busy.

In addition, I find those girls know more and more. Although they are

little girls, they know how to dress fashionably. Sometimes they look older than

their age, though.

As an older female, I realize that compared with the modern girls, my

generation is less well-educated and takes part in fewer leisure activities. I

realize that we don’t make full use of our time the way they do. Therefore, we

should try our best to value our time and pursue our dreams.

Confident, proud and energetic, modern girls represent new times.

Why do we study English, because English is the international language with the same.

When we talk about the business with foreigners, I only use English to communicate, so English is very important. If we want to understand the western culture when, must use English to understand their culture and history.

What how can we learn English well: 1, first to develop interest in English study (we can see English film from listening to English song, to find the learning interest in English). 2, English class listen carefully, as far as possible to answer the teacher#39;s questions in English, use English to communicate with classmates. 3, you can listen to English tapes of radio and television programs to imitate the pronunciation of english.

This is a good method for us to learn English well.

In addition to these methods, we can from the English books and other more effective way of learning english.

Speaking of environmental changes, we Qimen "Mother River" change is very large.

A child, listen to my grandmother said Changjiang River was a river, wide river, the river crystal clear, and sometimes see the small fish shrimp free to swim. In the morning, people are here to wash clothes, in the evening, people holding a banana fan here in the cool, chat.

Grow up, listen to Mom and Dad said: people living on both sides of the river to protect the environment awareness is weak. Some people put the garbage, dirty water on the river row, so that the original clean river into a dirty and dirty drainage, people smell the nausea. The river to the plastic bag, rotten leaves everywhere visible. Small fish shrimp died and escaped. Changjiang River this beautiful and lovely girl in the human behavior "curse" into a wrinkled old lady. Ugh! Why can not we see a water reflection of the mountains, mountains around the water scene? Why can not we have a sense of protecting the environment?

Now, the county government on the river, river, etc. were dealt with earth-shaking. There are also many young volunteers who have joined in. Row of garbage, the hospital and some residents to do a series of education and so on. After this treatment, our "Mother River" has restored the beauty of the past. Although the depth of water as before, but I believe that as long as we all protect the environment, all the environmental problems can be a perfect solution.

Let us join hands to protect the environment and create our beautiful home

MySpringFestival Last year’s Spring Festival is special. My uncle and my

aunt came back from Shanghai. My family were very happy to keep the Spring

Festival with them. And it was the most exciting festival of all the festivals.

On New Year’s Eve, my father and my uncle talked about their work together. My

mum did some cooking with my aunt Grandparents and I watched the New Year TV

programmes. At about six o’clock, we had a special family dinner. We all thought

the dumplings were delicious. On the first day of the New Year, we visited our

relatives. In the afternoon, we went shopping in Jiefanf Road. My uncle bought

some Jay’s CDs. He likes Jay’s music very much. There were so many people on the

road. It was more alive than any other time of a year. On the second and the

third days, we spent a wonderful weekend in the country. There were much bigger

trees than in the city. And the animals were more beautiful than in the city. We

all enjoyed ourselves. I had an interesting Spring Festival. How about you?

Now, some animals have disappeared, and then take crocodile is close to extinction, though very fierce, but humans are more fierce. Because of some organs from animals has the prominent economic value, thus become a subject of human plunder use, become the main factor of extinct animals. Crocodile with sharp teeth, and huge appetite for food, we all said the crocodile, but more afraid of human, the crocodile in the eyes of human, the crocodile can be made into the luggage, handbags, wallets, shoes and other goods, so the crocodile, has now become almost extinct animals.

Animal friends, a lot of destruction of human will have serious adverse consequences, ecological environment caused by serious imbalance, so that the human living environment is destroyed. Eliminate animal, is to eliminate human oneself, if one day the animals in the world are gone, that human can survive? To protect animals, cherish this nature of every creature! Let us start from now, starts from me, to protect the animals, make the world a better place! To protect animals, is to protect human oneself.

现在，有些动物已经灭绝了，就拿快要灭绝的鳄鱼来说，虽然很凶猛，但人类更凶猛。就是因为有些动物身上的器官具有突出的经济价值，由此成为被人类掠夺利用的对象，成为动物灭绝的主要因素。鳄鱼长着锐利的牙齿，和硕大的食物胃口，我们都说鳄鱼可怕，但鳄鱼更怕人类，在人类的眼中，鳄鱼皮可以制成行李箱，手提包，钱包，鞋等物品，所以鳄鱼，现在已经成为快要灭绝的动物了。

朋友们，动物的大量毁灭对人类将产生严重的不良后果，造成生态环境严重不平衡，从而使人类的生存环境遭到破坏。消灭动物，就是在消灭人类自己，如果有一天世界上的动物全都消失了，那人类还能生存吗?要保护动物，珍惜这自然界里的每一个生灵吧!让我们从现在做起，从我做起，保护动物，使世界变得更美好吧!保护动物，就是保护人类自己。

导语：动物是人类的朋友，可是每天都有着很多的动物被人类消灭，但是这依然动摇不了我们保护小动物的决心，下面和小编一起来看看动物英语作文：熊猫。希望对大家有所帮助。

The giant panda （Ailuropoda melanoleuca） （"black-and-white cat-foot"） is a mammal classified in the bear family, Ursidae, native to central-western and southwestern China. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, ears and on its rotund body. Though technically a carnivore, the panda has a diet which is 98% bamboo. However, they may eat other foods such as honey, eggs, fish, and yams.

The Giant Panda is an endangered animal; an estimated 3,000 pandas live in the wildand over 180 were reported to live in captivity by August 2006 in mainland China（another source by the end of 2006 put the figure for China at 221）， with twenty pandas living outside of China.[citation needed] However, reports show that the numbers of wild panda are on the rise.

The giant panda has long been a favorite of the public, at least partly on account of the fact that the species has an appealing baby-like cuteness that makes it seem to resemble a living teddy bear. The fact that it is usually depicted reclining peacefully eating bamboo, as opposed to hunting, also adds to its image of innocence. Though the giant panda is often assumed docile because of their cuteness, they have been known to attack humans, usually assumed to be out of irritation rather than predatory behavior.

The Giant Panda has a very distinctive black-and-white coat. Adults measure around 1.5 m long and around 75 cm tall at the shoulder. Males can weigh up to 115 kg （253 pounds）。 Females are generally smaller than males, and can occasionally weigh up to 100 kg （220 pounds）。 Giant Pandas live in mountainous regions, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Tibet. While the Chinese dragon has been historically a national emblem for China, since the latter half of the 20th century the Giant Panda has also become an informal national emblem for China. Its image appears on a large number of modern Chinese commemorative silver, gold, and platinum coins.

The Giant Panda has an unusual paw, with a "thumb" and five fingers; the "thumb" is actually a modified sesamoid bone, which helps the panda to hold the bamboo while eating. Stephen Jay Gould wrote an essay about this, then used the title The Pandas Thumb for a book of essays concerned with evolution and intelligent design. The Giant Panda has a short tail, approximately 15 cm long. Giant Pandas can usually live to be 20-30 years old while living in captivity.

Until recently, scientists thought giant pandas spent most of their lives alone, with males and females meeting only during the breeding season. Recent studies paint a different picture, in which small groups of pandas share a large territory and sometimes meet outside the breeding season.[citation needed]

Like most subtropical mammals, but unlike most bears, the giant panda does not hibernate.

[edit] Diet

Pandas eating bamboo at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.Despite its taxonomic classification as a carnivore, the panda has a diet that is primarily herbivorous, which consists almost exclusively of bamboo. This is an evolutionarily recent adaptation. Pandas lack the proper enzymes to digest bamboo efficiently, and thus derive little energy and little protein from it.

While primarily herbivorous, the panda still retains decidedly ursine teeth, and will eat meat, fish, and eggs when available. In captivity, zoos typically maintain the pandas bamboo diet, though some will provide specially formulated biscuits or other dietary supplements.

[动物英语作文：熊猫

“喵——”一只刚诞生的小猫自电线杆前，摇摇晃晃地用它瘦小的身躯向我走来。在冷冽寒风的无情侵蚀下，它更显得禁不起任何一点风吹雨打，我于是蹲下身，轻抚它凌乱不堪的毛发，我的心顿时蒙上了一层悲情的阴影。人们怎么能对生命有如此轻薄的负责态度？是怎样的残忍，让人们能如此狠心的，把这样虚弱又幼小的生 命就这样弃在冷清凄凉的大街上？

在这浩瀚的世界里，所有生物都是由这伟大的母亲——地球，用那温柔的双手细心呵护而成长。普天下生命都是平等的，它们都是血肉之躯，是有感情的，都应获得尊重，而不是残忍的因为人类的自私而无辜在这世上牺牲。

人类总自视甚高地认为，有动物都是为他们人生存在这世上，所以做出许多忍残忍又不尊重、爱保护生态命的举动，像是为了人类在科技中的一大步，将小白鼠做为实验 的对象；为了追随自私的时尚、为了凸显自身的地位，而使用动物的皮毛来作饰品甚至残忍杀害，为了赚取极大的利益，杀害珍贵稀有的动物……

然而，也有一些人致力于保护动物，他们为流浪狗结扎，有的甚至为流浪动物开设收容所，照顾它们，将他们的爱心付诸天下万物，为他们辟出另一生命乐土，而不 是走向安乐死这条不归路。虽然不是任何人都能付出如此，但每个人都能奉献己力，奉最大的力量、献最美的爱心，来保护这些生命。

每个人都需要具有爱保护生命的智慧，几个小小的动作，对动物来说其实会是个大大的壮举。举例来说，“以领养代替购买”，这不仅能省下购买宠物的不必要，还能够使无家可归的生命，有了希望的天地；让饱受艰辛的命运，有了未来的光明。爱它就不要抛弃它。当要养一只宠物时，不如事先酿一滴心思，衡量自己到是否有能 力去为一个小生命付出自已，假使无法负担，就别妄下决定，任何的不负责，都会毁了这个小生命美好的未来。

爱护动物，就是爱这个世界，保护动物，尊重它们，让这美丽的世界多一点幸福、多一点温暖；少一点悲剧，少一处杀害。用最美的心，将爱护的力量，点亮生命光辉；将保护生态的智慧，点缀美好世界。

In our common home - the earth, life with a lot of animal, which animal do

you like? Anyway, my favorite animal is our most loyal friend - a dog.My

favorite is my neighbors dog that Beijing BaGou yuan yuan and collie handsome.

They play together every day, it is a good friend of a stick dozen not

scattered, I also like them, they saw I was shaking his tail towards

me.Handsome shape tiger is big, the body is about more than 60 centimeters

long. Two leg, capable to my shoulders, his eyes, nose, mouth, ears are much

older than yuan yuan, I most like to see him running figure - curly float in the

sky, like a nice horse. I often and yuan yuan, running with the handsome, every

time is handsome first, second, I am the third round. Can literally, handsome

running faster than thoroughbred horse. Average dog ran up, send out "clicking"

sound, but handsome rans voice is very small, not carefully is inaudible. The

appearance of the handsome run is also very handsome, curly, bow shaped body. If

you want to use a word to describe talent, that is: handsome. If you use a word

that was impeccable.Compared with the handsome, round shape is much smaller,

only 30 centimeters in length and a half smaller than talent. The meaning of his

name from his eyes, it is too round. Like a shiny black stones. And his legs are

very round and round this is name. And his legs are very short, so even if he

runs, casting its foot also run fast, but I still like him very much the kind of

simple and lovely.This is what I like animals, do you like?

Animals are our humans good friends, ask you to protect them! Dont beat them with stones, sticks, they are flesh and blood hurts, will cry, their mom and dad will love dearly. Small animals made great contribution to the earths ecological balance for us, therefore, we hereby issue the following to the citys children initiative:

A small animal, dont hit, dont catch small animals.

Second, much care for small animals, send injured animals homeless shelter.

Three, to the whole society widely publicized the significance of protect small animals.

Fourth, study the life of small animals, learn to protect small animals.

The children! Let us heart to heart, hand in hand, jointly contribute to protect small animals!

小动物是我们人类的好朋友，请求大家好好保护它们吧!不要用石头、棍子打伤它们，它们有血有肉会痛的，会哭泣的，它们的爸爸妈妈会心疼的。小动物们为我们地球的生态平衡做出了巨大贡献，因此，我们特向全市小朋友们发出以下倡议：

一、不要打小动物，不要捕捉小动物。

二、多照顾小动物，把无家可归受伤的小动物送到收容所。

三、向全社会广泛宣传保护小动物的重要意义。

四、认真学习小动物的生活习性，学会保护小动物的知识。

小朋友们!让我们心连心、手拉手，共同为保护小动物事业做出贡献吧!

Protecting the environment and taking care of the earth is something we all should do.

Recently there are a lot of environment has been destroyed, around us there are many people in the destruction of the environment, cut down the trees, the birds were killed, flowers and plants have been burned, it is one thing for our warnings, the forests are disappear in every 375 square kilometers, the desert is evolving, flooded the countless individuals every beautiful homes, precious and there are ancient animals are killed, the panda has now been arrested, and so far only 1000 only, although there are a lot of people have built consciously protection station, but there are still some people for money by hook or by crook the killing of animals, birds no longer common, because being grabbed, trees less, because being cut, please protect them! If you go on like this, again, and the future of the animals we have learned in a book, according to people each with experts observation, day and night, a protective layer in the sky, the ozone hole, is because of the large hole lead to global warming, and the year before become very hot in the summer, many people died in the heat.

All this is because people open super sound emitted by aircraft emissions of waste gas and the car tail gas is left at the trial of toxic substances in the air into the results, if in so doing, the glaciers will melt, make the surface flat area, causing most of the land of the sea submerge.

If you dont stop cutting trees, when the trees were cut down light, desert will evolve, without the tree represents no oxygen, and the air was full of carbon dioxide, make the person cannot breathe, cause a person to cant live.

Please do not cut down trees, let the birds have a home, do not emit waste gas, let us live together in this beautiful earth!

I have a parrot. Its name is Nancy. I call it Nancy， because it is my passed grandmother’s name. I love her and hope she can accompany with， so I name my parrot her name. Nancy is very beautiful. Its fur is special comfortable. It is clever， too. At first， it can’t say any words， but now it can say many words. Like， good morning， good afternoon， good night， good bye and so on. it learns fast. I love it very much.？

在有益小动物中，我最喜欢的动物是：青蛙、小鸟、蜜蜂等。

青蛙眼睛大大的，又亮晶晶的，绿色的皮肤是它的保护色，不注意看时就跟田里的庄稼一样，四条腿强壮有力又很灵活，游得时候飞快，据说人类的蛙泳，就是仿照青蛙的游泳姿势，是不是可以说青蛙是人类游泳的“导师”呢！

最近，我在书上看到一个叔叔在吃青蛙肉！那时，我真的吓坏了，青蛙是抓害虫的能手，它会用长舌头吃各种田里的害虫，很厉害的，是帮助人类的呀！如果，没有了青蛙，田里的害虫会越来越多，庄稼收成也少了，而且人们用手去抓虫子废时又废力。妈妈还说：有些虫子有毒的，可能还会受伤。

因此保护有益小动物，是我们每个人都义不容辞的责任。

Today, Chinas economy has made the great achievement. More and more

foreign people come to China to seek for cooperation. It is true that peoples

life standard has been improved a lot during the last decades, but the

environment has been polluted badly. When I was very small, I could see the

green trees and clean water around my hometown, but now, the river becomes

smaller and the rubbish can be seen everywhere. I feel so sad about it. We have

sacrificed so much to chase the profit. If we cant save the environment, we

wont live the comfortable life. For us, we should not throw away the rubbish

and plant more trees. The little things we do will make a great difference.