高考英语作文投诉信题目(精彩20篇)

Dear Mr. Smith ,

I am Lihua ,chairman of the student union , from chenguang high schoo. I am

very pleased to learn that you are coming to visit our school on June 26. I am

writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.

In the morning , there will be a forum in the school auditorium , where

visitors and students from our school communicate with each other ,talking about

school life and cultural differences . At noon, you are invited to have lunch in

our school cafeteria with students from our school. You can taste dumplings

,noodles and other Chinese foods .In the afternoon, the students in our school

will show you around the HaiHe river .

How do you like the arrangements ? I hope you will have a nice time in Tian

jing

Yours sincerely ,

Li Hua

父母的爱是永恒不变的幸福。“鸦反哺，羊跪乳”，让我在享受亲情的温暖中学会回报。小编收集了亲情的守望作文，欢迎阅读。

阅读下面这则材料，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章(60分)

1898年5月1日，美国的马尼拉湾大战开始。舰艇上，指挥员命令大家脱去衣服，准备行动，一位弹药手匆匆脱下上衣时，不慎飘进大海。他转身走到舰长跟前，请求允许他跳海捞衣服。舰长没有答应。于是他就走到这艘船的另一边，跳进海里取回衣服。上船后，因违反军令而戴上镣铐。战斗后，海军准将杜威向兵士了解道衣服内有他母亲照片真相时，噙着泪花说。“一个冒着生命危险去抢捞自己母亲照片的孝子，在这艘舰艇上是不能被戴上镣铐的。”

读了这则材料，你有什么感想?请根据材料，从自己的体会出发，阐述你的看法和理由。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要套作，不得抄袭，不得泄露个人信息。

亲情的守望

一名战争状态下的舰上士兵，不惧怕淹死，不顾处罚，跳入大海里打捞一件装有母亲照片的衣服，令将军流泪动容，因为“孝”而被解除镣铐恢复自由。可见，亲情的力量有多大。

人常说：“父爱如山，母爱似水。”我深有体会，父亲的爱恰似巍峨的高山，矗立在我心间，为我遮风避雨;母亲的爱正如绢绢细流，淌入我心田，滋润我成长……

“莲子清如水。”记得小时候，我生了一场很严重的病，吃了许多药也不见效，妈妈为了更好地照顾我请了假，但又因为工作繁忙，她就在我熟睡后处理工作。她去寻找各种土方子来治我的病，有一次好听说了用酒精擦拭身体可以退烧，她二话不说就用家里最好的白酒来擦拭我的额头。后来，病快好了的时候，有一天晚上，我起夜去喝水，看见在书房里处理工作。昏暗的灯光下显得妈妈是那么的憔悴。从前乌黑的头发中也竟生出了少许青丝，妈妈对我的爱轻柔且似水，无形无状。

爱不需要表白。“雨一直下，气氛不算融洽…….”在车棚里躲雨的我嘴中一直哼唱着这句歌词。雨真的是一直下，而且下得很大。没带雨伞的我只好躲在学校的车棚里避雨。因为父母工作的原因，我每天都自己上学，所以此刻的我只期待雨能下得小点。一分钟、二分钟、三分钟……突然我听见了熟悉的脚步声，我一抬头，发现是爸爸，真实“及时雨”“宋公明”!我奔进雨里，开心得抱住了他，后来我才知道，那天冒雨接我是推掉了公司的会议。

还有一次，我下了晚自习后骑车回家，突然，我的车坏了，正为明早上学发愁。我爸仿佛知晓我心事一样，默默地帮我修好了车子。只见车油蹭得他满脸，连白衬衫也变得很黑，可他却丝毫不在意，让然乐呵呵的，像一个活雷锋!我的父亲就是这样一个不善言辞的人，虽然从来未对我说过关爱的话，但往往做一此意想不到的事来，在默默无语中展现了大山一样深沉的父爱。

父爱就像是大山，挺拔而沉重;母爱就是水，温柔且细腻，而山同情水则构成了我生命的全部，我爱山也爱水…..

随着岁月的流逝，忘记了许多，淡薄了许多，但是那份浓浓而厚重的亲情融入了我的血液，流淌在我的心里。我知道，因为这份如护身符般的亲情才有我抬起高昂的头，憧憬美好的梦。

亲情犹如一江剪不断的春水，流动的是游子心中永远的思念;亲情犹如一丘数不尽的细沙，沉淀的是长年堆积的牵挂;亲情犹如夜空中那颗北斗，指引的是那迷路的羔羊回家的方向。

父母的爱是永恒不变的幸福。“鸦反哺，羊跪乳”，让我在享受亲情的温暖中学会回报。

亲情的守望

花开，花败，我曾经守望过那幸福的花儿开，而如今，我又不得不与那些衰败的花儿说再见。

—题记

我知道春风终究会有绿江南岸，可毕竟还是要等待那明月照我还。萧条的冬天，只有淡淡的梅花在断桥边零落成泥碾作尘，唯有香如故。

手中的笔承载了脑海中零零碎碎的，或凄美或珍贵的记忆，在纸上缓缓记载下了陵水的或凄美或珍贵的文字，宛如莎士比亚的十四行诗，伴着淡雅，耐人寻味。

风撩开日记的一页一页，发现那些文字都似寒风中的花朵，摇曳，若隐若现。有的还在绽放，有的我亲眼见证了他们的飘零。不管怎么挽留，他还是会穿过你的缝隙，让你不得不说再见。而这些，正是记录现实的：好多曾经守望的，还是要含着泪，让它变模糊记忆，边让我们举起手，挥挥手，说再见。站在茫茫雪地中，耳边传来刘畊宏的《残骸》，顿时脑海一片空白，只有那震撼人心的声音——“我怎么能有希望，有期盼，有未来，我怎么坚定爱的存在……”

被泪水模糊的记忆，变成碎片，被尘封在日记中，夹杂着再见时，留下的那一缕暗香，只是微微，因为其余早已被风吹远……

就象《茶花女》里的阿尔芒，他守望过他与玛格丽特的爱情，可是她的父亲成为了绊脚石，在阿尔芒出去的时候，与玛格丽特见了面，告诉他离开阿尔芒。玛格丽特答应了，我想他只是心里想的应该如同《安静》里的“我会学着放弃你，是因为我在爱你。”最后玛格丽特死了，死之前，她的心里只有阿尔芒，他希望他还能回来见他一面，可是他没有，他没有看到玛格丽特含着泪与脑海中的背影说再见。当阿尔芒知道了一切后，他哭了，可是……又能有什么用呢?

风又把日记吹回到了原来的页数，这是日记的花已不再摇曳，他带着绽放的愿望凋谢，等待第二年的春天;那些想十四行诗的乐章，带着那些忧愁和泪水，尘封，等待下一次的回忆。

合上日记，满地残花。远方的夕阳，把他们耀得更加凄美。她们静静的躺，任由风将他们吹远。

又想起《茶花女》的情节，不知道小仲马是在一个什么样的心情背景下写出来这篇悲剧。阿尔芒选择了追求玛格丽特，玛格丽特选择了放弃阿尔芒，有事她们量互相选择了离开彼此。然而却是阿尔芒没有相信玛格丽特。他如果没有读到玛格丽特的信，他是永远不会明白当玛格丽特转身时，心似破碎的痛苦，;当他读完后，相信阿尔芒明白了，因为他此刻也会是这种心情。

有些事情我们后悔是没用的，不管阿尔芒怎么痛苦，玛格丽塔也已化成了白骨。不管再怎么伤感，花朵还是会凋谢。

我们终究要说再见，可说再见的时候，我们或许可以擦干眼泪，去守望另一些事。或者，如果可以的话，我们可以守望，再见的还会再次回来。当然，我们也要努力用实际行动去挽留可以挽留的人或事。

风停了，心静了，仔细想想，一树花，无论他现在开的多么美丽，也终有凋谢的一天，我们只能远远看着花雨纷飞，然后心里默默的想念那段繁花似锦的时光，这，就够了。

更多热门文章：

Dear Mr. John,

How are things going with you in Beijing?

I am writing to show my thanks to you. You tutored me in my spoken English before you went to Beijing. With your help I made such rapid progress that I won the first place in the Spoken English Competition of the city. My achievement is owed to your help. Thank you very much.

I have heard that you and your wife will pay a visit to my school. I am very glad at the news. In that case we can see each other again. I am looking forward to your coming. I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you will like it.

All the best.

Yours,

Liu Jie

亲爱的约翰先生：

您在北京过得怎么样?

我写信向您表达我的谢意。去北京前您辅导我的英语口语。在您的帮助下我很快取得进步，所以能在市里举办的英语口语比赛中取得第一名。我的成绩应该归功于您的帮助。非常感谢。

我听说您和您的夫人要来我们学校访问。听到这个消息我非常高兴。那样的话我们就又可以见面了。期盼着您的到来。我给您寄去一件小礼物“望远镜”。希望您喜欢。

万事如意。

您的朋友 刘杰

Dear Mr. John,

How are you getting on in Beijing?

I am writing to tell you a piece of good news. I am the champion of the Spoken English Competition held in the city. The success is owed to your help. Before you went to Beijing you spent much time on my spoken English so that I made great progress in it. As a result I got the first place in the competition. Thanks a lot.

I heard that you and your wife would visit my school. I am very happy and expect to see you soon. I am sending you a telescope as a small gift. I hope you will like it.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Liu Jie

亲爱的约翰先生：

您在北京过得怎么样?

我写信告诉您一个好消息。我在市里举办的英语口语比赛中取得第一名。我，的成功归功于您的帮助。您花了很长时间辅导我英语口语，我因此取得很大进步并且获得比赛的第一名。多谢。

我听说您和您的夫人要来我们学校访问。我非常高兴并期望很快见到您。我给您寄去一件小礼物“望远镜”。希望您喜欢。

一切顺利。

您的朋友 刘杰

《“沁芳”虽新雅 “独创”仍待察》

以《红楼梦》“题对额”情节作引的高考全国甲卷语文作文题，在今年一众高考作文题中格外“出圈”。贾宝玉所题“沁芳”二字，被认为新雅不俗、蕴藉含蓄。如此新异的表达能否构成作品?对于作品创作而言，原创与独创标准是否一致?这些问题值得创作者群体认真审视。

原创不一定符合独创性要求

原创不同于独创。“原创”是指最早创作，即首创，强调创作行为发生的时间。原创作品的具体表达是“前无古人”的，思想或创意亦是独一无二的，《红楼梦》便是典型的原创文字作品。“独创”是《著作权法》中的概念，是对表达的要求，而不针对思想。“独创”包含“独自创作”和“独特地创造”两层含义。各国的著作权法普遍将独创性规定为作品的基本构成要件之一，强调作品须为作者独立创作，内容应源于作者本人且须达到一定的创作高度。

独创不要求原创。独创反对抄袭，只要求独立创作，而不苛求首创。因此，作品独创性的来源不但包括从无到有的独立创作，还包括基于在先作品进行的演绎创作。即只要作品在表达上具有新颖性和创造性，不论其思想或创意是否是亘古未有的，都属于独创。有红学家指出“沁芳”二字取义于《西厢记》的唱词“花落水流红”，但在表达上更加简净、丰厚、耐人寻味。从思想意蕴上看，“沁芳”二字难谓原创，但该表达确属贾宝玉独立创作。

再创作须产生可被客观识别的明显差异

作品须独立创作，但不苛求独一无二。“独创”强调独立创作的结果，即使内容存在“雷同”，也不会阻碍任何一方享有著作权。美国曾有两位摄影师在同一海岸用同一角度同时捕捉到海浪卷起的画面，照片呈现的内容高度相似，法院认为双方对各自拍摄的照片享有著作权。我国《关于审理著作权民事纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第十五条规定：“由不同作者就同一题材创作的作品，作品的表达系独立完成并且有创作性的，应当认定作者各自享有独立著作权。”这是为了防止作品表达垄断作品内容，保障公众自由创作的空间。

再创作须产生可被客观识别的明显差异

此外，文学高度不等于创作高度。作品的文学性体现为表达、结构、意蕴、思想的艺术高度，侧重对内容质量与艺术价值的评价，评价结果受主观因素影响大。独创性则强调作品须达到一定的创作高度，能够体现作者独特的智力判断和选择，而无关作品质量或价值。诸如《红楼梦》一类的“阳春白雪”之作，文学性与独创性不言自明。然而，即使是“下里巴人”的智力活动成果，仍可能满足作品独创性的要求。

独创须具有“最低限度的创造性”。虽然独创对于智力表达的创造性要求并不高，但文字作品仍须具有反映作者个性风格、展示文学美感或传递一定量信息的效用。如果一种表达过于短小，仅由少量字词简单组合而成，一般很难满足上述要求。此时，若将其作为作品加以保护，会不合理地挤占公众创作的自由空间，这与《著作权法》鼓励创作的立法目的相悖。

引经据典、化用借古能够增加作品的文化底蕴或说服力，往往有画龙点睛之效。以古为师，创作者不但要懂得恰当移用、巧妙化用，还要学会独立创新。站在巨人的肩膀上，瞭望广阔天地的同时，创作者也要有成为“开拓者”的信心和魄力。

写人：

1．Our English Teacher

Our English teacher, Ms Huang, came to our school in 1970. She has been an English teacher for more than 30 years. She works hard and has been a model teacher for many years.

She is kind and friendly to us after class, but She is rather strict with us in class. She always encourages us to speak and read more English. She often says, "Practice makes perfect."

She is good at teaching and tries her best to make every lesson lively and interesting. She often gives us slide shows, teaches us English songs and helps us to put on short English plays.

She is not only our teacher but also our friend. We all respect and love her.

Tomorrow she is going to attend an important meeting, at which she will be given a medal for her advanced deeds.

2．My English Teacher

Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is a strongly built thirty-year-old man, who is often simply dressed. He has been teaching us English ever since he graduated from the English Department, Beijing Normal University in 1993. He devotes all his time and energy to teaching, often working late into the night preparing his lessons. He is capable of making his lessons lively and interesting, and all of us like his lessons. He is very strict with us but he shows us great concern. He offers us help whenever we need it. We all consider him not only as our good teacher but also as our close friend. We all respect and love him.

B．写物：

3． Our school

Our school is located at the centre of Beijing, It is one of the largest schools in the city with over 2,000 students and about 200 teachers. Our school subjects include politics, Chinese, English, maths, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology and so on. Most of us pay great attention to the study of English, Chinese and maths because they are very important subjects in the university entrance exam. We take special interest in English. We have spent much time on it, but we still find it difficult to learn the language well. In the afternoon when class is over, we enjoy staying at school for about one hour for some physical exercises before leaving for home.

4． My Home Village

My home village is a small one. Its in Yuxian county of Shanxi Province. Small as it is, its very beautiful.

There are many hills around my home village and they are more beautiful than some big mountains. In spring, we can fly kites which are made by ourselves on the top of the hills. The kites fly very high. In summer, the trees are green and the grass is green, too. It is green everywhere on the hills. There are so many wild apple trees on the hills. The wild applesare nice to eat. In autumn, the corns under and around the hills are ripe. So we eat them almost every day. In winter, when it snows, all the ground is covered with snow. We can play with snow and sometimes we eat the clean snow with sugar. In my hometown the sky is blue, the air is clean, the water is sweet and the people are very friendly. I love my hometown!

5．Changes in Our Life

Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life. Take my family for example. My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past. But now we call long distance at home. And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information. But now we get the news by watching TV. Another big change is in my living conditions. When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture. But now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment. In short, our life has become comfortable and convenient.

C．日记：

6．A Good Deed

Oct. 19th TuesdayFine

One afternoon, on my way home, I saw an accident: a car hit an old man!

I shouted to the pedestrians for help, but no one stopped. When the car driver saw this, he quickly closed the window Of the car and drove away. "What shall I do? The old man needs help." I thought.

At that time, a truck stopped and out came the driver. "Whats wrong with the old man, boy? What could I do?" the driver asked me. "Uncle, please help the old man. A car hit him and he is badly injured! "I said. "Well, dont worry. Let me take him to the hospital. the driver said.

A few minutes later, the driver took the old man to the hospital and I telephoned the police station. I told the whole story to the police and I also told them the number of the car. The police said to me, "Well done, boy! Leave it to us. He must be punished!" Then I went to the hospital to see the old man.

When I got home, it was 7:30. I think what I did was fight.

D．书信：

(1) 你堂兄建华在国外学习，你们经常用英文通信。他即将完成学业，不久前来信就是否回国工作征求你的意见。请根据下列提示回信。

1．建议他回国。

2．你的理由是：学有所用，就业容易；照顾父母。

注意：1．词数100左右；

2．行文应连贯，内容应完整；

3．开头语已为你写好。

Dear Jian Hua,

I m very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago.

To Jian Hua

Dear Jian Hua,

Im very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I ve been thinking about the question you asked me. In my opinion, you should come back after you finish your studies abroad.For one reason, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. In fact, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you. For another reason, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look afteryour parents as they are getting old. Therefore, I think its a good idea for you to return. So what are you waiting for?

Best wishes;

Ming Hua

(2) 2005年春季

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

你叫李宏，你校在为一批来自加拿大的交流学生征寻为期两周的住宿家庭。你有意申请，写封信说明你申请的理由。(包括所具备的条件)。

2005春季范文

Dear sir,

I hear that our school will welcome some Canadian students to stay with us for or two weeks. Students who want to invite them to stay can take part in it. I want to try.

First , my parents and I can speak English well. That benefits us to communicate with each other. Second, our house is big enough for he or she to stay. Furthermore , I live near the Huangpu River. It has a good view of Shanghai.

Last but not least , in my home, he or she will enjoy much China culture. My grandpa and grandma are good athandwriting. My grandma also has a good skill in Chinese painting.

I think our friendly will give him a both interesting and comfortable experience.

Thank you for your reading during your busy work.. I hope that you will agree with me .

Yours sincerely,

Li Hong

(3) 假如你是王华，18岁生日后，真的有种长大成人的感觉。于是你想就父母对你的关怀和你今后的打算，以书信形式同爸爸妈妈谈谈。信的开头如下：

Dear Mum and Dad,

How are you doing ?

范文

Dear Mum and Dad,

How are you doing ?

I?m writing to you about my gratitude for your having brought me up and my future plan.

Dear Mum and Dad, I am already 18 years old, which shows that I have grown up. Whenever I am thinking of this, I can?t help feeling grateful to you . It is you who first give me encouragement when I meet with difficulties, especially when I am not getting along well with my studies. Indeed, your inspiration seems to be a lamp, which offers me light of hope,courage and confidence. And more importantly, you are always teaching me to be good to others, and try to contribute to our society.

Dear Mum and Dad, I an now a senior three student , who is facing the competitive national college entrance examinations, So first of all, I ought to try my best to pass the exams. I am sure that through my great efforts I can and will be able to realize my beautiful dream of being a key university student. Then, I will strive to be an independent youth. The social situation I will be facing must be more competitive, so I will develop and prepare myself to be a youth with a strong sense of cooperation and competition. Believe in me, Mum and Dad, I will make a difference.

Best regards to you .

Yours sincerely, Wang Hua

(4)求职信

Dear Sir or Madam,

I have learned from an advertisement that your company is in need of a secretary. I would like you to consider me for the position.

My name is Li Min. I am twenty-three years old. I am studying business management in Xiamen University. I will graduate this summer. I am familiar with computer operation and office softwares, which can help me do the office work very well. And I have learned English for ten years.In the past two years, I have been an editor for the English Paper of my department. My grades come out top in my department. Whats more, I like office work very much and I also think that I can be competent for the job.If I could have the opportunity to get the job I will be quite appreciative.

Thank you for your consideration. I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully

Li Min

E．说明文：

How People Spent Their Holidays

As can be seen from the table, great changes took place in the ways that people spent their holidays over the period from the year 1990 to 1999. The proportion of traveling abroad and camping was increasing steadily, from 12% to 24% and from 10% to 36% separately, while that of staying at home and going to the seaside was decreasing year by year, from 38% to 31% and from 40% to 9% separately. Why were there changes? I think people can nowadays afford traveling.Also, people prefer to pursue a high-quality and colorful life. So we can see that people＇s living standard has been rising greatly.

F．议论文

(1) 最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下表所提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

60％的同学认为:

1．不应该收门票

2 公园是公众休闲的地方

3. 如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象

40％的同学认为: 1．应收门票，但票价不要太高

2．支付园林工人工资 3．购新花木

注意：1．信的开头已为你写好。

2．词数：100左右。 3．参考词汇：门票---entrance fee

Dear editor,

I?m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people?s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. If an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. In the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. The money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.

With regard to myself, I think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. Do we share the same opinion, dear editor?

Yours truly,

Li Hua

Dear editor,

I?m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. Sixty percent of my schoolmates are for the idea that an entrance fee should not be forced on the public. They believe parks are the place where the public enjoy themselves at their leisure. They think that a gate and wails are to be built if an entrance fee is to be charged. The city will not look so beautiful as it should

以开拓养性，乘创新成才

既有盛世的百花开，便定有新的沃土滋养。我们生逢灿烂，在国家发展最快最猛的浪潮上翻腾，在世界进步的最高台阶上驻足，在时代不断舒展的卷轴上舞墨，做挥斥方遒的后生，当朝气蓬勃的青年。人人称年轻人为新势力，“开拓创新”既是我们年龄的特征，是我们初来乍到的作风，更是一种代代传承的匠具，是浸润我们成长之路的芬香。

我们当然知道，各个行业、各个领域都在求开拓为求新，只有把握创新的主动权，掌握核心技术，才能领军发展，独立前行。但若只是效仿王安石变法的“新”劲儿，把创新单只作为改变旧状的口号和空想，就着急用自己的才学奉献，这是浅薄的“新”，也是随大流的“新”。我们真正要做的，是以开拓创新为引，培养自己的个性，发展成高素质、多技能的全方位复合型人才。

开拓中有勇，勇气孕育创新的想法。“世上本无路，走得多也就成了路。”前人走的大路灯火通明，可创新之道并非只是倚着大路沿着走。面对新境遇、新要求，我们应该勇于尝试，勇于发现，勇于发明，而非独独乘前人树之凉。创新带来的勇气课是理性的勇，不是固执地剑走偏锋，非走羊肠小道不可;不是痴迷于黄粱一梦，为了不切实际的想法鲁莽而行。有勇气加持的创新之旅会更加果断，而我们所体味到的勇则是各自人生的添味剂。

创新中有恒，恒心保障创新的过程。世人最熟知的莫过于爱迪生试灯芯材料千百次，袁隆平坚持下田研稻，于敏隐姓埋名数十载只为研制氢弹……创新之路坎坷异常，只有持恒心，不畏困难，通过日复一日的努力，去迎接前所未有的挑战，才能见到有所成的一天。创新带来的恒是有心的恒，是追求进步、追求改变的恒，是有目标、有梦想、不枯燥、不单调的恒。只有上升性的恒心才能成为人生持久的后盾。

有勇有恒的开拓创新精神是新时代所需要的内核。当今科学技术发展迅猛，在盖好的楼层上再加高度已是难之又难;社会矛盾纷繁复杂，要想创新改革也不是易事。若我们只在原有的基础上缝缝补补，修修剪剪，便谓之创新，于己于人都失去了意义。但倘若我们勇闯无人之境，恒攀无人之峰，不但培养了综合素质，提升了个人修养，在开拓创新中展现新“我”，而且变得敢于开拓、善于创新，成为真正的开拓创新型人才。

长城无新砖，但求做一颗新尘，添一丝新色。

Every student will be faced with the question when he passes the college entrance examinations: Should we choose a good major or a good university first?

Some students prefer to consider majors first so that they can learn what they are interested in. It will also make it possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future.

However, those who think differently believe that the environment is important to one’s development and that graduates from leading universities are often more likely to find a good job.

In my opinion, the best choice is a good major at a good university. If we cannot obtain both, the first thing to consider is a good major, because no matter where we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.

一、高考英语作文常用高级句型词汇

1.首先, 第一: initially, to begin with, to start with;

2.其次, 第二, 第三, 第四……: furthermore, moreover, in addition, besides

3.最后: finally; last but not least:(提及最后的人或事物时说)最后但同样重要的

4.现在(目前), XXXX现象是不可避免且难以否认的

Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that ……

At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that …..

例句: Currently, there is an inevitable and undeniable fact that computer is playing a significant role in our daily lives

At present, it is inevitable and undeniable that advertisement has been flooding into our daily lives

5.随着社会(科技)的发展,人们开始注意到XXXX的重要性

Along with the advance of the society (science and technology), people are attaching much importance to ……

例句: Along with the advance of the society, people are attaching more and more importance to the interview in the job-hunting

6.最近, XXXXX现象引起了人们的广泛关注

Recently, the phenomenon that …… has aroused wide public concern

例句: Recently, the phenomenon that CPI keeps increasing has aroused wide public concern

7.一部分人认为……., 而另一部分人认为……

Some people argue that….., whereas others maintain that….

8. 就我个人而言(老实说), 我全力支持前者(后者

eg. As for me, I am in high favor of the former (latter).

Personally, I side with the former (latter)

Frankly speaking/ To be frank/ To be honest/ Honestly speaking, it is the former (latter) that I approve of

9.我认为(在我看来,就我看来,我的观点是, 我想….)

I am convinced that….

As far as I am concerned, …..

From my point of view, …..

From where I stand, ……

11.因此, 基于以上讨论, 我们很容易得出……的结论

Based on the discussion above, it is easy for us to draw the conclusion that…..

12.作文中一些可用来替换常用词汇的高级词汇

important—significant; good—stunning/ fabulous/ sensational ; way—approach/ method

use—adopt; understand/know—figure… out ; but—nevertheless; so—consequently/ therefore

because of—due to; like to do/want to do— be willing to do; finish—accomplish;

13.According to the statistics provided by..., it can be seen that...

14. There is good/sufficient evidence to show that...

15. No one can ignore/overlook the fact that...

二、用于文章结尾的句型：

1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that ...

2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on ...

3) There is no immediate solution to the problem of..., but... might be helpful/beneficial.

4) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ..., but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of... might be the first step on the right way.

5) There is little doubt/denying that ...

6) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task of...require immediate attention.

7) In conclusion,...

8) Personally, I prefer to...

9) In short,... should learn to...; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly.

10) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that...

三、常用谚语 (在议论文中):

1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.

2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don?t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.

3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way.” (有志者事竟成)

4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps.”(观其交友,知其为人)

5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.(没有苦,就没有甜)

四、辩论中常用的句型:

1) There is no doubt that ...

2) It is obvious/clear that ...

3) As is known to all, ...

4) (It’?s) no wonder... (难怪) He didn’t work hard and no wonder he lost his job.

5) It goes without saying that ... (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)

6) What is more important, ...

7) I am convinced that ... (我深信……)

【示例一】

①There are many cases/examples to explain ________(主题句). ②Take ________ as a typical example./The first example is that ________ (阐述例子), ________(可进一步阐述). ③The second example is that/In addition/Here is a counter example./Opposite case in point is that/On the contrary ________(第二个例子的内容或举一个反面例子). ④Therefore,/Only ________can ________(总结主题句/段落总结句).

【示例二】

① ________ (观点句). It can be best/well illustrated in/explained by(例子). ② ________(阐述例子). ③________(进一步阐述例子). ④Therefore, ________(段落总结句：进一步总结观点句的必要性和重要性).

Dear David ，

I’m glad that you’ve noticed our efforts directed towards environmental

protection。

Thank you for your concern 。

As too much use of plastic bags has caused serious white pollution , our

government encourages us to use environmental –friendly shopping bags。

These

bags are made of a variety of materials that can be easily treated when they bee

rubbish。 Besides， they can be reused 。 More and more people have realized the

advantages of such bags and started using them 。

I believe that the wide use of these shopping bags can greatly improve our

environment 。This is one of the many steps we are to make our country an even

cleaner place。

2017年高考的第一场考试已经结束了，我们来看看2017天津语文的作文题吧。

请根据下面的材料，写一篇文章。

我们在长辈的环绕下成长，自以为了解他们，其实每一位长辈都是一部厚书，一旦重新打开，就会读到人生的事理，读到传统的积淀，读到时代的印记，还可以读出我们自己，读出我们成长时他们的成长与成熟，读出我们和他们之间认知上的共识或分歧……

十八岁的我们已经长大，今天的重读，是成年个体之间平等的心灵对话、灵魂触摸，是通往理性认知的幽径。请结合自己的生活阅历深入思考，围绕“重读长辈这部书”写一篇作文。

要求：①自选角度，自拟标题; ②文体不限(诗歌除外)，文体特征鲜明;③不少于800字; ④不得抄袭，不得套作。

：

Transportation during the Spring Festival, called chunyun in Chinese, is an annual test on Chinas transportation systems.

The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, which falls in late January or early February according to Gregorian calendar, is the most important festival for the Chinese as it is an occasion for reunions with family and friends.

Particularly, people hope to return home from work or study to have a reunion dinner with families on the Lunar New Years Eve.

Hundreds of millions of Chinese people are on journey as the Spring Festival travel season begins. Therefore, Chunyun has created enormous pressure on Chinas transportation sector.

The Ministry of Railway and the National Development and Reform Commission usually issue circulars during the period, demanding that coordination mechanisms be established among transportation departments, different localities and police, and that countermeasures be made in place in case of emergencies to ensure efficiency and a complete success during the peak travel season.

全国卷英语作文最后几天的备考资料。备考目的性、指导性、猜押性都很强。最后几天一定

要看的。

一、全国卷书面表达分析

2015全国I：应用文、写信约稿、介绍美节日风俗和中学生生活。

2015全国II：应用文、邮件邀约、去敬老院陪老人过重阳节。

2014全国I：应用文、写信咨询、英语学习班广告的咨询。

2014全国II：应用文、报社正文、十年后的我

2013全国I：应用文、写信问是否接机（带着中国画）

2013全国II：应用文、写信让友代卖中国结

2012课标卷：应用文、写邮件、申请参加夏令营

2012大纲卷：应用文、邀请信、邀请外教参加生日聚会

二、综上分析，干货如下：

1.都是应用文。

说明文、议论文、夹叙夹议文不考，尤其要杜绝那些高大上的，平时经常训练的正反观点对

比的文章也要果断抛弃。

2.与学生生活、学习、交友息息相关。

生活相关：15I、15II、14II、13I、13II、12大纲

学习相关：14I、12

交友相关：12大纲

注意生活、学习、交友三大话题。有些作文也许会跨其中两个话题。凡是不符合这三个话题

的作文，高考最后这10几天少复习，甚至不复习的好。地震、环保、食品安全、雾霾、河流

空气污染、交通拥挤、良心道德、服不服等等的高大上，都抛弃吧（这些都是大学作文解决

的问题）。所以与学生生活、学习、交友相关的词汇、句式还是好好总结的。

3.渗透传统文化的元素。

传统文化：2015II重阳节、2013中国画。

这方面的词汇还是要适当准备一些滴。例如：paper cutting 剪纸，Lantern Festival 元

宵节， Mid-autumn Day 中秋节，tang yuan/ sweet rice dumpling 元宵，Chinese New Year’

s Eve 除夕，Dragon Boat Festival 龙舟节，DoubleNinth Festival 重阳节, Chinese tea

中国茶

4.生活、学习、交友三大话题·必须掌握的【词汇 + 短语】

①schools English newspaper,Chinese / foreign cultures， more information,

volunteer, great fun,opportunity, confidence in, experience,lecture,

excellence in, speech competitions, a better idea,

②be popular with/among,especially, exciting,excited, patiently,be

patient with,be interested in,the most important, various, outgoing,

successfully, successful, be good at/for, more than glad, be willing to help you

with,be familiar with，delicious, with joy

③welcome, spend their holidays,invite you to join us,make dumplings,intend

to join,enjoy,invite sb. to, gave him a warm welcome, have a try,give

me a piece of advice, takeseriously,depend on, get a higher education,

improve ourselves,would like to, interview,I believe,learn a great deal

fromabout, organize class activities,deal with, stick to, share

with,express myself, go for an outing, manage to do,persuade, accept,

receive,have a good/wonderful time,benefit, benefit from,different,

give up, have a picnic, go to a museum, have lots of fun,take pains to improve,

get prepared for, be able to, get along well with,have a good command of,

appreciate, made up my mind to do, make a great difference (to someone), think

highly of, pay much attention to,take notice of,keep it in mind that,in

return, helpwith, feel nervous, make you familiar with, long to, broaden

my mind, have trouble doing,communicate,suffer from, speak English fluently,

visit some famous places, chat with， participate in， take part in, won prizes,

take into consideration, it’s necessary to do,respect, trust,protect

from,agree with, in order to,encourage sb. to do,organize

5.必须熟练运用的【句型 + 连接词】

Im writing to tell you

I wonder if youd like to

Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.

I am writing an e-mail to tell you something about

Only in this way can we make a great contribution to

If I could ,I would

Hard work pays off.

We shouldWe’d betterIt is better to do

I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if

you could give me a kind consideration.

Only if we put our heart into our lessons could we make great progress

Could you give me some advice on how to

If you are able to come with us, please let us know and

Im looking forward to hearing from you.

Looking forward to your reply.

May I have your attention

First,Second,Third

so long as，even though, at the same time, By the way, Besides, not onlybut

also, What’s more, as well as

6.三大从句和非谓语的运用是必不可少的。每篇文章这两类至少运用一次。同学们都知道，

在此不必多说。

三、透过2015年全国Ｉ的作文，看清标准范文的猫腻

假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。

请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：

1.栏目介绍； 2.稿件内容； 3.稿件长度：约400词；4.交稿日期：6月28日前。

注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.开头语已为你写好。

Dear Peter,

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.

下面把标准答案给与了分解，同学们务必要逐字逐句地研读，找出标准范文为什么这样

写，发现范文写作时的思考过程，挖掘范文和作文原题中的一一对等的字眼提示。通过研读

分析，再回扣题目本身。写作也就那么回事儿，其实一点也不难。希望同学们可以悟出基本

的写作思路、技巧。以下英语连起来就是标准范文。

称呼，已给：

Dear Peter,

开头语，已给：

Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.

开篇，介绍“外国文化”栏目概况 (要点1：点出栏目名称、特点popular、进行栏目介绍)：

The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students.

It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home

countries. (搭配be popular among、carry一词用得好、过去分词短语written by作后

置定语)

进行约稿 (写作目的，这可是正事儿)：

Would you please write something about the culture in your part ofthe United States

稿件内容 (要点2）：

And (and一词虽然简单，但用得巧妙，呈上衔接，过渡自然，读起来还有抑扬顿挫之感觉) we

would especially (强调递进) welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays

and festivals (节日风俗，扣栏目) and the life of American high school students (中

学生生活，扣栏目).

适当拓展，根据字数灵活安排

You can write anything relevant so long as its interesting and informative. (高

级词汇、so long as好句式)

稿件长度 (要点3)：

400 words would be fine.

交稿日期 (要点4)：

Could we have your article before June 28

合适的结尾 (万能句式,一定背下)：

Im looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours,

Li Hua

四、2016作文模拟猜押如下：

（一）书信/邮件

Passage 1（建议信、学习、文化）

你打算毕业后到美国留学, 想咨询你的美国朋友Chris。请你根据以下提示写一封信。

1．目的：增长见识，体验文化；2．困惑：语言障碍，学业压力；3．征求建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不

计入总词数。

Dear Chris,

Yours，

Joe

One possible version

DearChris,

I’ve finally made my decision to go to America for further study after high school.

I’ve been longing to go to America, mainly for two reasons. One is that I

can experience American culture, and the other is that I can broaden my mind in this

country. But I have some worries. My English is a bit poor, especially spoken English.

I’m afraid I’ll have trouble communicating. Besides, I may suffer from heavy pressure

from college courses.

I hope you can offer me some practical advice.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Joe

Passage2（学习、文化）

假如你是李华。开学之初，你的英语老师Ms Li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况，并征求

教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。

1.对英语学习的认识。

2.自己目前的英语水平。

3.自己英语学习存在的主要问题。

4.对英语教学的两点建议。

注意：1.词数100左右。2.信的开头和结尾已给出。

Dear Ms Li,

I’m very happy to have you as our English teacher

_________________________________ Thank you!

Li Hua

One possible version

Dear Ms Li,

I am very happy to have you as our English teacher.

As the world is becoming a global village, English is getting more and more

important, so mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.

My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel

it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking

English. I really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.

Another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking. I believe we can

make much progress in English with your help.

Thank you!

Li Hua

Passage3（学习、文化）

作为班长，请你根据以下内容给新任外教Mr. Smith 写一封信,向他表示欢迎并转达同学们

对英语课的希望：

1.介绍西方文化；2.组织多样活动；3.关注学生发音。

注意: 1．词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计

入总词数。

Dear Mr. Smith,

_____________________________________________________________

Yours,

Chris

One possible version

Dear Mr. Smith,

I’m writing on behalf of my class to extend our warm welcome to you. Here are some of our expectations for your English class.

First, we’d like to have topics in class about Western culture. We are all very interested in knowing more about culture behind the language. Besides, we’d appreciate various activities to get everyone involved in speaking English. Last but not least, please give us some guidance and training in our pronunciation, because we all hope to speak English fluently and clearly just as you native speakers do. Thank you very much. Looking forward to meeting you!

Yours,

Chris

Passage 4（生活）

假定你是刘芳。今年暑期加拿大的一所中学将组织该校的学生来你所就读的学校访问。其间，Lucy将借住在你家。请你给她写封信，代表全家欢迎她的到来并告之有关事宜，内容要点如下：

上午：参观学校各教学场所及设施。

下午：游览繁华市区及周遍景点。

晚上：看电视、玩游戏、聊天等。

注意：词数100左右；

Dear Lucy,

_____________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.

Yours,

Liu Fang

One possible version

Dear Lucy,

I am glad to learn that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.

My parents and I are very pleased to have you with us. Now let me tell you what we have arranged for you. As far as I know, you will be shown around the school in the morning, but in the afternoon I’ll take you to the downtown and then some places of interest. We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, or meeting people. I’m sure you will have a wonderful time and learn more about Chinese culture.

I’m looking forward very much to meeting you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Liu Fang

Passage5（生活、文化）

假设你是高三（1）班的学生李华。你的英国朋友Chris八月份来北京度假，来信向你咨询如

解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）

In recent days，we have to face I problem——A，which is becoming more and more serious. First，——（说明A的现状）。Second，——（举例进一步说明现状）

Confronted with A，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing，——（解决方法一）。 For another ——（解决方法二）。 Finally， ——（解决方法三）。

Personally， I believe that ——（我的解决方法）。 Consequently， I‘m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ——（带来的好处）。

1918年11月11日，延续4年之久的第一次世界大战以英、美、法等国的胜利和德、奥等国的失败而告结束。1919年1月，获胜的协约国在巴黎凡尔赛宫召开和平会议。中华民国作为战胜国参加会议。中华民国代表在会上提出废除外国在华特权，取消二十一条等正当要求，均遭拒绝。会议竟决定日本接管德国在华的各种特权。对这丧权辱国的条约，中华民国代表居然准备签字承认。消息传来，举国震怒，群情激愤。以学生为先导的五四爱国运动就如火山爆发般地开始了。

In November 11, 1918, the first World War lasted for 4 years in Britain, America, France and other countries and the victory of Germany, Austria and other countries come to an end in failure. 1919 January, winning xiediguo held in the Palace of Versailles in Paris peace conference. The Republic of China as a victorious nation to attend the meeting. The representative of China at the proposed abolition of privileges in China and foreign countries, cancel twenty-one legitimate demands were rejected. Japan has decided to take over the meeting in Germanys privileges in china. To humiliate the country and forfeit its sovereignty of this treaty, the representative of the Republic of China was prepared to recognize the signature. When the news came out, the country burning, burning with indignation. The student led five four patriotic movement like a volcano began.

5月4日下午，北京3000多名学生在天安门前集会游行，他们高呼：“还我青岛”“收回山东权利”、“拒绝在巴黎和会上签字”、“废除二十一条”、“抵制日货”、“宁肯玉碎，勿为瓦全”、“外争国权，内惩国贼”等口号，并且要求惩办交通总长曹汝霖、币制局总裁陆宗舆、驻日公使章宗祥，呼吁各界人士行动起来，反对帝国主义的侵略行径，保卫中国的领土和主权。这一运动得到的工人和各阶层人士的声援和支持，上海、南京等地的工人纷纷举行罢工或示威。在全国人民的压力下，北洋政府被迫释放被捕学生，罢免曹汝霖等人的职务，并指令巴黎参加会议的代表拒绝在和约上签字。

The afternoon of May 4th, more than 3000 students in Beijing shouting at them in front of the Tiananmen demonstrations,: "I also Qingdao" "Shandong," refused to withdraw the right "in Paris and will sign", "the abolition of the twenty-one", "boycott Japanese goods," "would rather die, not for your guns", "defend our sovereignty, punish traitor" and other slogans, and for the punishment of traffic chief Cao Rulin, President of monetary Bureau Lu Zongyu, Minister Zhang Zongxiang, calls for action, fight against imperialist aggression, defend the territorial integrity and sovereignty Chinese. This campaign workers and all sectors of the solidarity and support, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places of the workers have held strikes and demonstrations. In the country under the pressure of the people, the government was forced to release the arrested students, and others recall Cao Rulins position, and ordered the Paris representatives attending the meeting refused to sign the peace treaty.

为了继承和发扬“五四”运动以来中国青年光荣的革命传统，1939年，陕甘宁边区的西北青年救国联合会规定5月4日为青年节。1949年12月，中央人民政府政务院正式宣布这一规定。

In order to inherit and carry forward the "five four" youth movement Chinese glorious revolutionary tradition, in 1939, the Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia border region of the Northwest China Youth Federation provides for the May 4th Youth day. In 1949 December, the Central Peoples government officially announced the provisions.

Dear Bob,

I’m so glad that you are coming to learn Chinese here. I’ve already found you a house near our school. I’d like to tell you something about it.

You may get on No.ll bus at Fang Cao Street and the next stop is just Jian Xin Chinese School. The house is near the school. It is about 25 square metres. In the bedroom, there is a bed, a sofa standing against the wall and a table near the window. You may find a light on the table and a chair next to it. There are two other rooms connecting the bedroom. The left one is a bathroom and the right one is a kitchen. So you may cook by yourself. The rent for the house is 500 yuan per month.

Hope you’ll enjoy staying here!

Yours,

Li Hua

满分理由

本文内容具体，详略得当，表述方式很有创造力和新意，长短句并用，语言结构富于变化，错落有致，顺畅圆润，尤其是情态动词和分词的运用很独到，为文章增色不少。

作文：

Dear Bob,

I’m glad to hear from you.

Welcome to our city in september. I’ve found a suitable house for you.

The house is on Fang Cao Street, not far from the Jianxin Chinese School. If you take the No.11 bus, it is just one stop.

It is a flat on the third floor of a building. It has three rooms, a living-room, a bathroom and a kitchen. You can cook yourself. The mirror, the basin and the bathtub are very convenient for you. In the living-room, there is a bed, a sofa and a desk with chair. The desk is next to the window. It will be good for study. The total size is 25 square metres and the rent is 500 yuan a month.

Will you be satisfied with this flat, or you want another one? Just let me know. I’ll try my best to help you.

Yours,

Li Hua

[高考英语满分作文欣赏

学习会给我们带来很多益处，在学习中我们可以学到很多历史知识，可以知道很多道理，知识就是我们的财富。虽然人们都说学习不是唯一的出路，但我想说，虽然学习不是唯一的出路，但学习绝对是最轻松的一条出路，所以好好学习才是硬道理。

有的人没有文凭，只能做一些很辛苦的活，拿到手的工资也是杯水车薪，有的人有文凭、有经验，每天坐在办公室里，工作轻松，关键的是工资高，就因为人家有学历。那种没学历，但工资高的人少之又少，即使有，他们所干的工作绝对是比较危险的工作。

我想，肯定会有人反驳我说“我家的亲戚，小学毕业，现在坐在办公室里，一个月拿着几万块的工资，所以呀，工资和学历无关。”我想说并不是所有人都是幸运的，都能有一份好的工作，只有努力学习，才能用知识改变自己的命运。

学习会让你变得很有文化，说话用语会比别人高级一些，说出来的话别人也喜欢听。说话好听的人很讨人喜欢，在公司领导会很器重你，在日常生活中也有好处。

学习会让你了解很多知识，在书上可以了解到世界历史，哪年在哪个国家发生了什么事，都能在书上看到。了解这些历史知识的同时，也可以从中发现很多文化差异，不同的国家有不同的习俗。学习可以让我们成为更加优秀的人，能够让我们变得更加强大。

总之，学习更多的知识对我们有很多益处，俗话说“知识改变命运。”所以让我们一起好好学习，在知识的海洋里遨游吧!

阅读下面的文字，根据要求作文。

历史，总是在一些特殊年份给人们以汲取智慧、继续前行的力量。

加缪：对未来的慷慨，就是把一切奉献给现在。

爱因斯坦：不管时代的潮流和社会的风尚怎样，人总可以凭着自己高尚的品质，超脱时代和社会，走自己正确的道路。

读了以上文字，你有怎样的体验和思考?结合上述材料，写一篇文章。注意：角度自选，立意自定，题目自拟。明确文体，不得写成诗歌。不得少于800字。不得抄袭、套作。

优秀作文赏析：【承载和超越】

人既是历史的承载者，又是历史的创造者和超越者，人固然不能独立于历史长河之外，却也不应囿于时代的牢笼。

有言：“历史，总是在一些特殊年份给人们以汲取智慧、继续前行的力量。

但仅仅有承载，便容易陷于“黑格尔式”的历史主义幽灵，把整个人类的历史变成一潭死水。加缪所主张的“把一切奉献给现在”，正是阐明了人应超越历史而创造历史的道理。奉献于现在，不正是创造未来的历史吗?在人肯定并承载历史的前提下，人对于历史便拥有了相当的主观能动性，超出历史的那一部分便会转化为历史本身的养料。此时，人虽然还身在历史长河之中，但无意间已然发展了历史，使得今时今日的历史超越了前人的历史。

人对历史的承载和超越，正如英雄造时势和时势造英雄的无限螺旋上升，而上述两者缺一，发展便会停滞。换言之，没有承载的超越是反历史，没有超越的承载是非历史。

人在历史发展的过程中，从宏观角度来看，承载和超越并存。但若是把这一对矛盾放在具体的社会历史背景下，便容易在是进是退的问题上构成二律背反。但爱因斯坦曾抱有让个人超脱于时代与社会的信念，即当人类整体在承载和延续历史的同时，个人可以成为超越历史的急先锋。李泽厚先生也在其《历史本体论·己卯五说》中指出，人类整体不能超越当下所拥有的历史，但对历史的超越，就数量有限的个体来说是有效的。这正契合了人凭借高尚品德超出社会时代的愿望，也给加缪所主张的“历史的创新”指明了方向，更是对承载历史的必要性的肯定。

脊梁上承载了历史的厚积，思想跨越了时代的吐息，手中便紧握了未来的命运。

《“泻玉”化用借古 “改编”融汇新故》

2022年高考全国甲卷语文作文题以《红楼梦》中匾额题名的故事为引，其中提到了“借鉴化用”的手法。笔者由此联想：“借鉴化用”是否属于再创作?“借鉴化用”在什么情况下构成著作权法意义上的“改编”?若构成“改编”，“借鉴化用”的法律边界何在?

“借鉴化用”不一定构成“改编”

文学艺术领域的“化用”含义丰富，既包括借表达上的词句，又包括借思想上的文意或语境。但并非任何一种“化用”都能构成著作权法意义上的“改编”。

事实上，后人的创作总是站在前人的肩膀上，难以避免地要利用前人的思想成果。倘若将思想私有化、垄断化，会打击创作热情。因此，“改编”作为《著作权法》中的术语也只讨论表达上的借，而不纠结思想上的借。换言之，“改编”须以原作的基本表达为创作基础，如果后作与原作在表达上已不存在实质性的相似，只有思想上的相似，那么此时后作可能构成“独创”，而不再是“改编”。在“泻玉”一题中，“泻”字虽取自欧阳修的“泻出于两峰之间”，但只拈出了其中一字，难谓是原作的基本表达，而更多的是承载水流飞泻而下之意象。

新增独创性表达的“化用”构成“改编”。《著作权法》保护的是智力成果，独创性则是人类精神文明之花得以绽放的智力源泉。根据我国《著作权法》第十条的规定，改编权是指“改变作品，创作出具有独创性的新作品的权利”。这意味着改编不是毫无门槛，而是要在原作的表达基础上进一步进行独立的创作，且新创作的表达须拥有最低限度的创造性。

反之，如果新增表达不符合独创性要求，则其整体仍属于对前作的复制，不构成新的改编作品。就“泻玉”二字而言，摘“泻”添“玉”，虽传达了创作者以玉比水的联想，但是表达太短，难以完整且个性化地展现创作者的思想情感、文艺美感或是传递一定量的信息。故“泻玉”之匾额题名难谓新增独创性的表达。

构成“改编”不一定属于合法“改编”

改编判断独立于侵权认定，构成改编亦可能涉嫌侵权。是否构成改编属于作品判断，只要后作相对于原作具有一定的独创性，即可构成改编作品，而改编行为是否侵犯他人著作权则是侵权认定。改编者在曾接触过原作的条件下，如果未经原作著作权人许可使用原作的表达，且增加了新的独创性内容，在作品判断层面，新作完全可能构成改编作品;在侵权认定层面，改编者仍然会侵犯原作著作权人的复制权和改编权。

改编的法律边界不仅限于尊重原作者改编权，还需尊重原作者的保护作品完整权。保护作品完整权属于著作人身权，是指保护作品不受歪曲、篡改的权利，而改编必然涉及对原作的改变。此时，二者便可能发生冲突。为平衡原作者的人格利益与文学艺术的创作自由，实践中要求改编人的改编须控制在合理的限度之内。

具体而言，改编人在主观上不能带有贬损原作或原作者声誉的故意，在客观上没有造成原作或原作者声誉受损的结果。因此，改编人应尽量在事前与原作者协商，明确改编权的行使边界，以最大可能降低侵权风险。

综上所述，“泻玉”式创作，尽管没有直接复制，在一定程度上体现了创作者的努力和创新，值得提倡。但是，“改编”不是简单的小添小改，而是需要满足独创性的要求，且须尊重原作者的复制权、改编权与保护作品完整权。社会主义文化事业需要新内容、新血液，一方面应鼓励改编创作，在继承中创写新的诗篇;另一方面也应注意权利行使的边界，在合法、健康的环境中培养可持续的创新。

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years.I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family,probably with a lovely child.I hope I’ll work in a computer company as a program designer.I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.I’ll do a good job in whatever I do.In my free time,I’ll continue to take regular exercise,such as swimming,running and various ball games.On my holidays,I’ll travel around the world.In a word,my life will be much richer and more colorful.

导语：现在，越来越多的人去旅游。通过旅游，我们不仅能够放松自己，并且也能开阔我们的视野。下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

Nowadays, more and more people prefer to travel quite often. Bytraveling, we not only can relax ourselves but also broaden our knowledge circles. From my aspect, I think we can make many friends and travel with them.

Firstly, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery and relax ourselves. For modern life, we are busy with our work with high pressure. However, when we travel, we will be attracted by great landscape and forget pressure from both work and life.

Secondly, we can make friends by traveling. For most travelers, they tend to find many companions to travel with. If you check the internet, you will find that some people will call others to join them for travel. Through this kind of travel, we can meet many different people and make friends with them to broaden our social circle.

Thirdly, we can learn much knowledge form travel. Before you go to somewhere to travel, generally, you need to make plans for your travel. You can find lots of things you don’t know when you make a plan, such as, the origin of a certain area, the customs of different areas, local food and so on.

In conclusion, we can not only relax ourselves and make new friends but at the same time we can learn much from travel.

【参考译文】

现在，越来越多的人会经常去旅游。通过旅游，我们不仅能够放松自己，并且也能开阔我们的视野。在我看来，我们可以在旅游中结识到新朋友和他们结伴同行。

第一，我们能在欣赏风景之余放松自己。现代生活中，我们整天忙于工作，压力很大。但是，当我们旅游的时候，我们会被美景吸引，暂时忘记工作和生活的压力。

第二，在旅游中能够交朋友。对于许多旅游的人来说，喜欢与人结伴同游。如果你到网上搜一搜，你会发现有很多人都会叫其他人加入他们去旅游

通过这种方式的出游，我们能见到各种各样的人，与他们交朋友，扩大我们的交际圈。

第三，在旅游中，我们能学到很多的知识。在你想去某个地方旅游之前，通常你需要制定一个计划。制定计划的过程中，你会发现许多你不知道的事情，例如，某个地区的由来，不同地方的人的风俗习惯，当地的美食等等。

总之，通过旅游，我们不仅能放松自己，结识新朋友，同时也能学到新知识。