英语日记四年级集锦汇编六篇 小学日记怎么写【合集20篇】

秋姑娘穿着金色的长裙，迈着轻盈的步伐，深情款款地飘然而至。她用她那轻飘的衣袖拂去了太阳的焦热，将明亮和清爽撒给人大地;她用她那宽大的的衣袖挡住风寒，却捧起累累硕果献给人间。

我爱秋天，爱她海一般的稻田;爱她黄昏时的点点归鸦;爱她如花似火的落叶……

秋天，像可爱的娃娃，洋溢着幸福的希望;秋天，像成熟的少女，编织着收获的梦幻;秋天，像慈祥的母亲，采摘着丰收的喜悦。

秋姑娘把田野染成了金黄色，秋风吹过，一层层金黄色的稻浪涌向天边，像是在为勤劳的人们唱一曲丰收的赞歌。

她悄悄地走来，带来一件红衣裳，一件黄衣裳。瞧，远处的山像被镀上了一层金色，从上面飘飘悠悠地“飞下”无数“黄蝴蝶”，它们一起在半空中盘旋。不知过了多久，衣裳由深黄慢慢变成了浅黄，浅黄又慢慢变成了褐黄。你看，它们多像一个个顽皮的小鬼。瞧那边山上，高粱如醉，简直是一片红海，遮盖了半个天空，和霞光一起，红的如燃烧的火焰。这一黄一红连成一片，给人一种说不出的温暖。

朝阳升起来了，把秋天的天空照的异常明亮。被秋天野花装点得色彩斑斓的山坡，在阳光下更加绚丽。枫树的树冠被风吹的沙沙作响，枫叶脱离了树枝，随风悠悠荡荡地飘落，用最后一点力气画下了一道优美的弧线。

秋天带着一身衣裳，悄悄地溜进了小院。落叶飘洒在小院里，看上去给小院铺上了一层“叶被”。在无花果挺着它那光秃秃的枝杈，几个残留在枝头来不及成熟的果实，在萧瑟的秋风中轻轻摇摆;葡萄树和桃树也谢尽了叶片，只剩下相互交错的杂支;只有秋菊，还在一片金黄色中抖动着不敢凋谢的绿叶……

人们都爱秋天，爱她那秋高气爽，爱她那云淡日丽，爱她那香飘四野。秋天，使人们的笑容格外灿烂。

我爱秋天，更爱她默默奉献的精神!

池塘边的榕树上，知了在声声叫着夏天，操场边的秋千上只有那蝴蝶停在上面，黑板上老师的粉笔还在每当听到这首歌，我都情不自禁地唱了起来。 On the banyan tree by the pond, I know the sound of the summer. Only the butterfly stopped on the autumn of the playground.When I heard this song, I couldnt help singing.

今天我翻到了小时候的照片，真的好可爱，直到现在我都很怀念童年。怀念童年时的无忧无虑，怀念童年时的天真可爱，怀念童年时那甜美的童声。

记得小时候，爸爸或者妈妈每天晚上在睡觉前都会给我讲睡前故事，我听着故事开心的入睡，讲的些什么故事我至今都记忆清新，比如，丑小鸭最终变成了美丽的白天鹅，兔子因为太骄傲赛跑时睡了一觉输给了乌龟，还有刻舟求剑，狐假虎威等等很多富有人生哲理的故事，爷爷奶奶也经常教我一些我们本地的童谣，比如，炒蚕豆，炒豌豆，劈裂吧啦翻跟头。

当然，也有和我每天在一起玩的小朋友，虽然有时候我们也会吵架，但很快我们又会和好，我们经常玩着捉迷藏，警察抓小偷，跳皮筋，等一些游戏，在夏天的时候，我们总会一起去游泳，在冬天的时候，下雪天是我们最期待的，每次下雪天，我们都会到雪地上堆雪人，打雪仗，尽管手冻得通红，但依然很开心。

童年时我还是唱歌能手呢，有一次我参加儿童歌唱比赛，我拿了一等奖，唱的是歌唱祖国，当我唱完时，台下掌声一片，大家都说我声音是天籁之音。

童年是美好的，是让人难以忘怀的，时间一去不复返，童年已经离我远去了，现在只能从一张张照片中寻找它的踪影。

老妈在家里插了一株紫竹花，我每个周末都去给它浇水。这个周末，和往常一样去浇水，闲着没事，我就蹲下身来仔细观察起紫竹花来了。

紫竹花的茎就像竹子一样一截一截的，叶子就像有点长的椭圆形，颜色非常深的那种紫，些得让人感觉好像是黑色的，且叶子是互生叶(就是这边一片，那边一片，不对称)。

紫竹花长得还很快。记得三个月前，紫竹花刚六点三厘米，我为了测量紫竹花的高度，我特意插上一根竹干，并在上划上刻度。今天，我仔细一看“啊，紫竹花长得好快呀!”我吃惊得叫到。三个月的时间，紫竹花几乎长了一倍，现在都快跟上我插的竹干高了。

紫竹花很漂亮，但是，开得时间很短，只有两天。花是深粉色的，花芯儿是黄色的，还有一点绿，红里透黄，美丽极了。它的花瓣很小，但是很多，里外好几层呢!

竹子开花，节节高。老妈说种上紫竹花希望我的学习也能像这紫竹花一样节节升高。

We had a small debate yesterday in politics class, which made everybody laugh. Wang Yongbin in our class is funny. He said with a crooked neck, "please state your opinion in opposition." It looks very serious! The opposite students grabbed the handle of our classmates, so Liu Yang, our mathematics class, said immediately: "the student said that dreams and dreams are opposite to reality." The teacher and his classmates laughed.

There was a counter student, Zhang Yijun, who said that he helped us in the opposite direction. Fortunately, the teacher reminded him in time to correct it. Yu Miao, a counter student, said, "dont you think its hard to learn before the end of the semester?" So I interposed, "because we know that we have passed." The students applauded immediately. Every time when our fellow students spoke well, Mu Deyu said at the bottom, "brilliant, really brilliant!" We said, "why dont you go up and say it?" He said, "Im stage fright." This debate is really interesting!

Today, the founding of the Peoples Republic of China on the 57th anniversary of the National Day, Fuzhou streets and alleys everywhere people gongs and drums gongs and drums people are endless.

I heard that my grandfather said that fifty-seven years ago, our country had not yet been liberated, and the people had been oppressed by the reactionary forces of the Kuomintang and lived a fiery life, defeated the Kuomintang and established New China under the leadership of Chairman Maos Communist Party. From the people live a happy life. The end of the old society hunger and cold life. Our country has shown a thriving scene of prosperity and prosperity.

We cherish the beautiful life now, thank the party leadership, todays well-being of life is not easy.

今天我们来到了承德避暑山庄，妈妈请了一位讲解员阿姨，为我们讲解，我们就开始游览了。

一进到避暑山庄里我的眼睛就不够用了，我看见了好多的古建筑，听说这些建筑都是给皇上避暑的。

我们参观完建筑区，我们就开始参观园林区，园林区有个大湖，我们坐在船上看着风景，这次可是我开的船哦!柳树在风的吹动下翩翩起舞，湖面上飘着像火一样的荷花。看到这儿我想起了妈妈教我的一首诗，接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。突然!我发现了一只蓝色的蜻蜓，它长着圆圆的大眼睛、透明的小翅膀，停在我们的船舷上，妈妈拿起照相机准备给他照个相，可是他飞走了，飞起来像一个小直升飞机。

游完船我们坐着旅游观光车游览了避暑山庄的山区。避暑山庄的围墙有二十里长，修建的跟小长城一样。我们站在小长城上看到了外八庙，他另外的名字叫小布达拉宫。它的样子非常漂亮壮观!我真想进去看看。

车子在陡峭的山路上前行，我们像坐在过山车里一样。我们的两边不断的看见为皇帝修建的建筑物，其中还包含冷宫。听妈妈说，冷宫是皇上不喜欢的妃子住的地方。

避暑山庄给我留下了深刻的印象，我也知道了一些关于清朝皇帝的知识，我很开心。

Summer vacation homework I completed in July.

My holiday life is colorful, holidays, mom and dad give me a lot of interest class, with the phonetic symbol, table tennis... Oh, and swimming class. I am very happy. I mastered the basic English by learning the phonetic symbol, I also teach mom at home! Swimming is good also, its a pity that ventilation is not much.

My holiday life is happy, play a few days ago I went to the changzhou dinosaur park, where he saw the male dinosaurs. After a while we figure to hangzhou park to play.

I download a lot of fun games, the Internet has a fantasy westward journey, donkey skin, kartrider (playing on Saturday and Sunday) I also watched some movies on the computer, the variant ideas "the mouse kings food".

My holiday is happy and colorful life!

暑假作业我在七月份全部完成。

我的假日生活是多彩的，要假日里，爸爸妈妈给我报了许多兴趣班，有音标，乒乓球......对了,还有游泳班.我十分高兴.通过学习我基本掌握了英语音标,在家我还教妈妈呢!游泳也不错,可惜换气还不太会.

我的假日生活是快乐的,前几天我去了常州恐龙园玩,并在那里看了《大雄的恐龙》。过一阵子我们商量着要去杭州乐园玩。

我在网上下载了许多好玩的游戏，有梦幻西游，仙侣奇缘，跑跑卡丁车(星期六和星期天玩)我还在电脑上看了几本电影，《变型金钢》《鼠王的料理》。

我的假日生活是快乐多彩的!

这是哪儿呀!用海草做成的小床，用石头做成的椅子。我正要下床，不料一下子掉到了地上，我忽然看见了我的尾巴，我大吃一惊：我居然变成了美人鱼了!我想，这样我就可以和海底世界里的动物们一起玩耍，还可以给鱼儿们喂吃的了。忽然有一只美人鱼走了过来，对我说：“亲爱的杨公主，刘公主请你到她家去。”当时我想：我什么时候变成了美人鱼公主了?我也没有多想，就直接走了。

我走进一座高大的宫殿，里面有一个很大的灯，照得周围太漂亮了。我被那个美丽的灯给迷住了，我一直看着，连眼睛都没有眨。我走到了刘公主的房间，哇!这儿简直就像走到了仙境一样，不必说色彩缤纷，也不必说各种奇珍异宝，更不必说仙气飘渺，单是眼前的小礼物就把我吸引住了。最引人注目的就是那个小熊娃娃了，刘公主走了过来说：“你最喜欢什么就拿去吧。”我一下子就把那个小熊娃娃拿了过来。刘公主又说：“我带你参观一下我的宫殿。”我一下子跳了起来，才走了一半的路程刘公主就不见了，我大声地叫着：“刘公主，你在哪儿?”“杨楠，杨楠，什么刘公主，一直叫着，快起床了。”妈妈说。

原来这是一场梦啊!我真的还想回到梦里啊!

今天我要推荐一个非常好玩还很神秘的地方，它叫：“波塞冬旅游度假村”。

这个波塞冬坐落在黑龙江省哈乐滨市。虽然它是在哈尔滨市，但是它的位置比较偏僻，从市区开车也需要三十分钟或一个小时。

它主要是水上乐园还有一小部份是海底世界，海底世界里面有很多不同种类的鱼群，把海底世界弄的五彩缤纷，非常好看。

室外还有鳄鱼露天温泉、章鱼沙滩、巨型冲浪、超大巨型大喇叭、巨型大漩涡、下午两点泡泡大作战，泡泡大作战是把一种粉末入到泡泡制造机里再加盟入水后，机器就会喷出很多泡泡。外面的这些娱乐项目既好玩又有一些危险，但非常有瘟，为什么说它危险呢?因为冲浪能达到三米，每一次我玩的时候都会往后躲，是因为我怕呛水。

里面更有意思，有美人鱼岛，七彩龙、大碗、极速滑道……这些是给一米五以上的大孩和成年人玩的，室内冲浪、潜水、下午两点泡泡大作战，这些是我最喜欢玩的，其中室内冲浪我就玩了五六次了呢!

虽然波塞冬离哈尔滨市较远，但我还是建议大家去那里看一看，因为那里是我觉得最好玩的水上乐园。

Freedom is an important right of people. It usually refers that you can do

want you want and live the life you want. Of course, it must be on the basis

that you can’t affect others’ freedom. Otherwise, it does not belong to your

freedom anymore. In my opinion, freedom is not you can do whatever you want, but

you don’t have to do what you don’t want to. We live in the same society, which

there are many rules constraining our behaviors. Therefore, we can’t do whatever

we want. But we are not forced to do what we don’t want to is freedom.

Summertime is the best time of the year.There is no school for months and I get to do what I want.With no tests and no homework,I’m as free as a bird.

I do many things during the summer vacation.I relax by reading books and watching TV.I also hang out with my friends and travel with my family.However,I don’t only play in summer.I take advantage of the free time to learn more.For example,last summer I learned to swim.This summer I might study computers or English.

Summer vacation flies by fast,so it’s important to do as much as you can.

my summer vacation of this year was very enjoyable。 i went to the countryside to spend my summer holidays。 it is very beautiful there。 there are green plants， clear rivers， lovely animals kind people。 i spent two weeks helping my grandfather do some farm work there。 i wrote down what happened in my diary every d。

besides that， i helped the children in the neighbourhood with their lessons。 i helped them read english improve their spoken english。 their parents thanked me for this。

今年的暑假生活非常愉快。我去农村过暑假。那儿非常美丽，有绿色的植物，清澈的小河，可爱的动物和善良的人们。在那里的两周中我帮爷爷干了些农活。每天我在日记中记下所发生的事情。

除了这些，我还帮助邻居家的孩子做功课。我帮他们读英语，使他们的口语有所提高。他们的父母为此很感激我。

金风送爽，天高云淡，在这个花果飘香的季节里，我们迎来了祖国64岁的生日，能与大家同祝国庆，我感到十分快乐。在那里，我要自豪地对祖国母亲说：我爱你，中国!

国庆的来临，到处张灯结彩，升国旗彩旗，各旅游团更是大力宣扬，各商场也开始实行什么“国庆大优惠…………置身如此喧闹的气氛，能有多少人能够镇静下来，好好想想庆祝国庆的真正的最好方式。

人们常说：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”杭州之所以美，是因为它独有的西湖。西湖以它特有的魅力名扬四海，每一天吸引着世界各地的游人，为它流连忘返。去杭州西湖游玩，一向是我盼望已久的愿望。

湖湖水清澈、碧绿，宛若一颗镶嵌在群山中的宝石，在太阳光下熠熠生辉。西湖边上的柳树的嫩绿色的树叶青翠欲滴，枝条随着微风扭动着柔软的腰肢，舒展开细长的手臂，提起翠绿的裙摆，跳起了优美的舞蹈。我们沿长长的堤岸走了3个小时，由于游人很多，最后决定坐船到对岸。船大约有6米长。在微风中，船开始出发了。船夫在撑篙，我们坐在椅子上，尽情观赏西湖的美景。我们荡漾在西湖上，心里很兴奋。

在这一路上我看见了许多礼貌出游不乱扔垃圾大家都很和谐……波光粼粼的湖面上碧波荡漾，泛起的水波在阳光的照射下像闪着银光的鱼鳞。我把手伸进水里，水流冲击着我的手，把手往后冲，感觉舒服极了。微风轻轻吹拂着脸，凉丝丝的，真惬意!每年的十月一日是一年一度的国庆节，是我们伟大祖国母亲的生日。伴随着风风雨雨，我们的母亲祖国已经64周岁了，这一天，举国上下都在欢度庆祝这一节日：祖国母亲节日快乐!

People are enjoying the comfortable life of the modern civilization,

meanwhile, they are also experiencing more and more competitions and suffering

much more stress than before.With the tremendous rhythm of living imposed by

todays world, it isnt unusual for people to feel tired and to try to evade from

the daily problems and stress. I think that there is no magic way that is

appliable to every one of us, and proves itself the most efficient method of

escaping stress. Each man has his specific activities that help him regain the

joy of life. For me the best activities to reduce stress and to forget about

problems are sleeping,playing football, going on a short vacation to the

countryside, attending live performances and spending time with my friends and

with my family.

First and foremost, sufficient sleep, needless to say, is indispensable for

each person, especially those encountering difficulties and suffering enormous

stress. There is no denying that sleep could bring the body sufficient rest,

modulate the function of each organ and release the body from stressful status.

Whats more, sufficient sleep would enable the brain operate more swiftly and

efficiently, thus making us more energetic to handle difficulties. Therefore,

not only could sleep loose the fatigue of the physical body, but also release

the mental stress.

What is more, I think that family is the most important thing in a mans

life. They are always there when you need them. Family provides support when you

need it most, helps you go through the difficult moments of your life.The most

important of all, their love for you gives you confidence in yourself, and makes

your life easier and a lot more beautiful. Friends also have an important role,

because you can evade from concerns by going out with them, talking about things

that are not related to your work, and sharing with them your problems and your

acheivements.

当我们生病卧床不起时，是父母在无微不至地照顾着我们;当我们考试考差了，是父母的鼓励着我们;当我们犯了错误，是父母的教育着我们改正错误......

When we are ill be completely bedridden, parents care in every possible way to us; when we poor exams, parents encourage us; when we make a mistake, parents teach us to correct our mistakes......

感谢父母在我受到挫折时，鼓励我、安慰我、给我勇气，让我树立自信勇敢地去面对困难。记得一次数学测验，我只考了八十多分。我垂头丧气地回到家，作业也做不好，饭吃不香。妈妈看见我的反常，坐在我的身边和蔼地问我原因。我一五一十把考试的实情告诉了妈妈，令我没想到的是妈妈不但没有批评我，反而安慰我说：“好孩子，一次失败不等于自己就不优秀了，你要好好地分析原因，知道错误到哪里，这就是进步。”听了妈妈的话，我的心情一下子轻松多了。

Thank the parents in my frustration, encourage me, comfort me, give me courage, let me brave to face the difficulties to establish confidence. I remember a math test, I only got more than 80%. I become dejected and despondent home, homework is not done well, eat not sweet. My mother saw me freak, sit beside me kindly ask me why. I had to tell the truth to the examination of the mother, so I did not expect is the mother not only did not criticize me, but comfort me to say: "good boy, a failure does not mean that he is not good, you have to analyze the reasons, know where this is progress." After listening to my mother, my mood suddenly relaxed.

有一句话说得好“谁言寸草心，报得三春晖”。因此，为了报答辛苦养育我的父母，我现在一定要好好学习，长大后，找一个好的工作，让父母安享晚年。父母为我付出的，我将十倍、百倍的感谢、回报他们，让他们的付出有价值。

There is a saying that goes "who grass inch heart, reported in the apartments". Therefore, in order to hard rearing repay my parents, I must now learn, grow up, find a good job, let parents live. My parents gave me, I will be ten times, a hundred times thanks, return them, let them give valuable.

My name is Yu Geqin. I’m nine years old. There are three members in my family， my father， my mother and I.

My father is a teacher. He is very handsome. He always wears a pair of glasses. He works very hard. He’s busy from morning to night. He’s the cleverest man of my family. He can solve the difficult problems， too.

My mother is very beautiful. She has two big eyes and her black hair is long. My mother is worker. She is good at her job. She is also a good housewife.

I have a happy family. I like it very much.

Yesterday, I asked my mother to buy me some candies. It was my favorite

white rabbit rolls. When my mother bought it for me, I ate a little and hided

the rest. I was going to bring them to school to give them to my primary school

deskmate, Xiao Fang, because today is white day. I want to give present to her

to make her happy on this special day. I will give the candies to her later.

Wish me good luck. Hehe!

它虽无春天的鸟语花香，也无秋天的硕果累累，更无冬天的白雪皑皑，可我觉得它很不寻常，它在春华秋实之间，是一个承上启下，生命交替的季节——夏天。

夏天，树木茂盛。夏天的午后，老人们最喜爱坐在茂密的树下乘凉，摇着蒲扇，品着凉茶，聆听着知了鸣叫，那棵大树像一把大伞为他们挡住了夏天的炎热，给予了习习凉风。

夏天，荷花盛开。刚步入盛夏，池塘上早已开满荷花。从远处观赏，就是一片绿色的海洋，还有几朵粉嫩的荷花作点缀，荷叶上还有几滴晶莹的水滴，阳光一照，发出刺眼的光泽，比珍珠还剔透;近观，荷花才是主角，每一朵花都是出淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖，花瓣的配色都好像是经过精心调配，渐变有序，从轻到浓，底部，是淡淡的粉红;顶部，就变成了那诱人的桃红。无数花瓣堆叠在一起，空气中氤氲着淡淡的雅香，带走人们夏日的燥热，留下无限遐想。

夏天，倾盆大雨。夏天的雨，来去匆匆。天空阴云密布，压的人们喘不过气来，这样的沉闷持续了很久。突然一道闪电划过半空，打破了这种沉闷，雨点如向下倒般那样大，电闪雷鸣，狂风呼啸，人们稍有犹豫就会淋成落汤鸡。夏天的雨就是来也匆匆，去也匆匆，刚刚还下着倾盆大雨，现在说停就停，大雨把世界洗刷一新，抬头望去，天边还挂着一道美丽的彩虹。

夏天，梦幻夜晚。一轮明月挂在天边，漆黑漆黑的夜晚，也有许多萤火虫在翩翩飞舞，伴随着寂静的夜的还有蝉鸣声，我们都在夏夜中睡着了，等待着新的一天到来。

这就是我眼中的夏天。

今天我看了一个小视频，用玉米淀粉加盐制造出的非牛顿流体，用锤子猛击都不会裂开，但把一个物体放到上面物体就会被温柔的吞没，我想体验一下这种神奇的现象，于是就开始了我的实验。

我先把玉米淀粉倒到杯子里，然后加上一些盐和水用筷子搅和几下，淀粉结块了，我把它夹起来的瞬间感觉是固体，但接下来它就像酸奶一样顺着筷子流下来。我用筷子敲击表面没有任何裂缝，感觉很硬，但把筷子放到上面，筷子又会慢慢的陷下去，把筷子拿起来表面会立码复原。我拿起杯子轻轻的摇晃，看似固体的物质又会像水一样流动。这种现象简直太神奇了，我一直沉浸在这种不可思意的实验中，反复地观察，简直太好玩儿了。

“儿子，你在干什么，弄的哪儿都是淀粉。”

被妈妈这么一喊我才从小实验中回过神来，感叹大千世界的神奇。

最近，科学课要求我们观察小动物，我买了两只蜗牛，一大一小。大蜗牛并不好像我们想象中的那样，而是更好像一个大海螺。小蜗牛还稍微好像一点，两对触角，一对长、一对短，眼睛长在那对长触角上，壳圆圆的。

这几天，我就经常盯着蜗牛看。我发现蜗牛比较懒，特别是大蜗牛，经常会一动不动地趴在盒子里，也会倒挂在盒盖上，纹丝不动。有一次，我观察了大半个小时，那一只大蜗牛就是不肯动一动，我实在着急了，就放了两片菜叶子进去吸引它们。可它们就是不理我!小蜗牛的体壳很薄，身体徐徐动着，它的触角可以伸缩。用手轻轻摸一下，小蜗牛会马上缩到它的壳里。我目不转睛的观察着小蜗牛，看它是否吃我给它们准备的叶子，发现它们碰了一下叶子就离开了，我又生气又失望。过了一会儿，我又忍不住想看一下小蜗牛，我一看叶子少了一个大洞。不久，这几片白菜叶全被那两只蜗牛吃光了。

蜗牛通常是晚上出来活动，喜欢阴暗潮湿的环境。它常常慢慢地爬到白菜叶子上，伸出触角轻轻地先尝一尝味道，再慢慢地开始美餐。

我仔细观察了草丛里的蜗牛，发现他们有两对触角，这可要仔细观察呀，不然你还以为它只有一堆触角呢。我用手指碰一碰触角，它便立刻缩进脑袋里，当它发现没有危险时，才缓缓分开，警惕地向四周望了望。

蜗牛是如何运动呢?我仔细观察，看见蜗牛是用壳底下的一只脚运动，我查阅了资料，知道这只脚叫做腹足。蜗牛爱吃白菜、萝卜等种种蔬菜叶子。我拿着白菜叶子来喂蜗牛，可是它一下子钻到壳里去了，怎么办呢?我用木棒轻轻敲了几下蜗牛的壳。可它就是不出来，我就把蜗牛放进水里，不一会儿蜗牛就把头伸出来，我就把蜗牛从水里取出来。首先伸出来的是它的触角，我想蜗牛也像昆虫一样长着触角那么说明蜗牛也是昆虫啦，但是昆虫有很多触角一对触角的蜗牛也算昆虫吗?我问了一下妈妈，她也不知道。我上网查了查，原来昆虫的特征是有有触角，身体分为头，胸部，胸腹部。昆虫都有翅膀，这样的话蜗牛就不是昆虫，我还知道了蜗牛是软体动物。

自然界里藏着无穷的奥秘，以后我还要多多观察。