小学生写英语作文的方法（最新20篇）

a dream

peter: oh, i can＇t believe it. i am now in london in england. i see the big ben. big ben is not the the name of a man. it is a very big clock…. oh, i am so happy.

happy: how are you?

peter: i＇m fine, thank you.

happy: how was your holiday?

peter: it was fun.

happy: where did you go?

peter: i went to england.

happy: how did you go there?

peter: i went by plane.

happy: what did you do and what did you see?

peter: i saw the big ben. the hands are four meters long.and i bought presents for you!

happy: oh, thank you. did you take any pictures?

peter: yes. er…where did i put my pictures? ...

peter: oh, it＇s a dream!

Today, I had an interesting Christmas. In todays morning song, the teacher told us about the story of Christmas and the legend of Santa Claus, and so on.

The most interesting thing is the afternoon. In the afternoon, the students in our class first made a handmade greeting card and then shared the Pingan fruit, the apple.

Manual is the teachers idea. This card is to be given to mom and dad and to thank them for their hard care for a year. The method is: Handmade cover is a "Merry Christmas", there is a pine tree, pine trees on both sides are some of his paintings about Christmas figures etc.. The back is a letter of gratitude to mom and dad. The handwork seems simple, but its hard to do it. I was anxious to cut the paper, and all the sweat was crying. After cutting the paper, the framed frame is cut. After cutting the box, draw the pine tree first, then fold it along both sides of the pine tree, and finally decorate it with the edge, so that the card is almost ready. The cover read "Merry Christmas" and write a letter of thanks to mom and Dad, will be accomplished.

After the card for mom and Dad, we started to divide the apples. Every student is rushing to the forefront. The class is bustling with excitement. Everyone is happy to eat apples. They are chattering Like a bird flying away.

This is an interesting Christmas, a meaningful Christmas, a happy day!

My School Day

I get up at six in the morning. Then I wash my face and brush my teeth. After a quick breakfast, I go to school in my mothers car. It takes us more than half an hour to get there.

We have four hour classes in the morning. I have luch at my grandparents, because their home is nearer to my school.

After two classes in the afternoon, school is over. Then we clean our classroom.

I get home at about half past five. We have dinner at seven. After dinner I do my homework. If I finish my homesork early, I can watch TV for half an hour. I go to bed at half past nine or ten.

国庆节到了，我们国家成立六十七周年了，机关、学校、工厂、社区、各单位门前挂着红布，上面写着“庆祝国庆”四个大字。

为了庆祝这一天，我们国家放七天长假，让大家高高兴兴的休息。有的人带着孩子去旅游，有的带着孩子去秋游，还有的带着孩子去超市、逛大街、进公园，大家都玩的特别开心。回家时大家都提着大包小包，有吃的，有穿的，有用的，还有学习用品和书籍。爸爸妈妈告诉我，现在生活真幸福，好像芝麻开花节节高，这应该感谢党的改革开放政策好。

国庆节的夜晚更加美丽，街上有各种各样的宫灯，五彩缤纷，还有人行道上火树银花星星点点，闪闪发光，使人看后流连忘返。

National Day to the sixty-seventh anniversary of our country, organs, schools, factories, communities, units in front of a red cloth, which says "to celebrate the National Day" four characters.

In order to celebrate this day, our country put seven days of holiday, so that everyone happy to rest. Some people take their children to travel, and some children with the autumn tour, and some children with the supermarket, shopping street, into the park, we all play very happy. When we are home, we are carrying a large bag, eat, have to wear, useful, and school supplies and books. Mom and Dad told me that life is now really happy, as if sesame seeds flowering high, it should be grateful to the partys reform and opening up policy is good.

National Day of the night more beautiful, the streets have a variety of palace lanterns, colorful, as well as sidewalks on the fire tree Yinhua little stars, sparkling, people see after lunch.

一.概念

记叙文也称叙述文，是一种以记叙/叙述的手法来表述人物、事件的文体。常见的属于记叙文文体的作品有：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、 人物传记、日记和回忆录等。记叙文大致可以分为两大类：以记人为主的记叙文和以叙事为主的记叙文。前者主要是对人物的经历、活动或者性格特征进行叙述;后者则是对某一事件的发生、发展过程和结果进行叙述。前者重在描述人物的活动，而后者则重在表述事件的发生发展过程。

二.六大要素

记叙文的写作要注意交待清楚六大要素，即时间(time)、地点(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、经过(process)和结果( effect)。

由于记叙文中所涉及的要素比其他文体相对要多、要复杂，所以整篇文章的结构安排就显得尤其重要，安排不合理就会使读者产生混乱的感觉。

记叙文的展开一般都是以时间为主线来组织所要叙述的内容，使读者对文章中的人物或事件有一个比较清晰的了解。记叙文的结构安排通常有三种形式:正叙、倒叙和插叙。正叙是英语叙述文中最常用的一种结构，即以人物出现、活动或事件开始发生的时间点作为记叙的起点，然后按照人物活动的展开、事件发生发展的自然顺序进行叙述。倒叙则是在文章的开头就交待人物活动或事件发展的结果。插叙这一结构在我们的英文写作中很少用到。

三.时态

记叙文讲述的大多是过去已经发生的活动或事件，因此用过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的作品比较多。但有时为了使文章显得更加真实、亲切和生动，也可以使用现在时态(一般现在时、 现在进行时、现在将来时、现在完成时)。

四.人称

记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即 “人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程;第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制，更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。

无论采用第一人称，还是采用第二人称，都要保持全文叙述主体的人称的一致性。注意：句式尽量要多变，不要通篇文章的句子都以人称代词开头，否则文章会显得单调沉闷。例如: I loved the book first because of its beautiful heroine. Then I found it a romantic love story which greatly moved me. I now find that it is better taken as the growth story of a naive girl into a strong-willed woman. I realize that it is the essence of the book that attracts such big number of faithful readers.

这一段描述在用词、内容、逻辑上都不错，但过多地使用了以“I”开头的句子，使文章略显单调乏昧，给读者的印象大打折扣。

五.措辞与表达

在全国大学英语四级考试的各种作文体裁中，记叙文需要应试者具有更全面的语言技能与篇章组织能力。四级考试中常见的议论文和说明文分别要求语言的准确性和论证的合理性、可信性;而记叙文的语言则以生动、真实、 贴切为准则。同一个记叙文题目，不同的人会描述不同的人物经历或事件，又很少有固定的表达或句式可供参考，这时作者的综合语言水平就会表现出来，对能否取得高分起到了相当重要的作用。 这就要求考生平时要多注意语言的磨练和积累。

六.记叙文写作技巧

1. 仔细审题，明确主题，选准素材，罗列提纲。

2. 写好第一段

最好能采用一个复句并且用上几个四级水平的单词或词组。这样的文章开篇方式会使读者或阅卷人确信接下来的文章也一样精彩。

我们来看这样一段文章的开头:

The results of the college entrance examination came. I tore open the envelope. As soon as I saw the score，tears streamed down my face. I fell into my bed and did not get up the whole day. All was over. What is the meaning to live on earth? For the first time， I thought of death， of being a vagrant and of being single all my life. I was only seventeen. Wasn’t it cruel to me? My father was hurt and he could not stand it that his son was a disgrace. He was angry beyond words. My mother kept silent，and often I saw her in tears. Horror filled the house.

怎么样，你自己是否也被一种失落与绝望的气氛所笼罩，并且期待着看到作者接下来会做些什么呢?

3. 结构要清晰

下笔之前一定要对整篇文章的结构有一个完整的构想，作文的框架、主题和脉络是最重要的采分点。要清楚每一段要陈述哪些内容，这样不仅可以增强文章的逻辑性和可接受性，还可以使整篇作文的行文水到渠成，不会有凑字数的烦恼。

4. 尽量多使用表示转折、顺接、因果和时间的连接词

如first、second、moreover、for one thing…for another、on the one hand…on the other hand等。这样既可以显示语言功底，又增强了记叙内容的连贯性和生动性。

5. 文章不要写得太长

有的考生遇到触动自己内心情感的记叙文题目时就“一发不可收拾”，但由于时间有限，结果草草收尾，甚至没有结尾。四级作文毕竟是应试作文， 只要充分发挥出自己的英语语言水平，表述出所规定的内容就可以了。

6. 要多用四级词汇，要使句式多样化

没有语言错误并不是高分作文的保障(基本没有语言错误只是8分的基本要求) ;作文想达到11分以上，四级词汇和句型必须达到一定的比例。如，表示“重视”的词汇有stress，emphasize等，但选用短语attach importance to更能吸引阅卷人的注意;disagree和frown on sth. 都表示反对或不赞成，前者就平淡，后者表达意思很生动，更能引起阅卷老师的注意。

简单句和复合句合理搭配，长短句交替使用，会增强文章的节奏感，使描写更生动，给阅卷老师留下深刻印象。如：

(1) 名词化手段：用名词或名词词组替换一个句子或句子的主要部分，然后使这个名词或名词短语成为另外一个句子的组成部分，以达到合并句子的目的。如：

We were very much surprised. Mary refused the invitation.

We were very much surprised at/by Mary’s refusal of the invitation.

(2) 定语化手段：根据语义关系，可以把其中一句转换成形容词或形容词性成分、分词短语、定语从句等，如：

The winnerwas in no mood for speeches. The winner was hot and tired.

Thewinner，hot and tired，was in no mood for speeches.(转换成形容词短语) 7. 字迹清楚，卷面整洁。尽量不涂抹。 8. 最后的2—3分钟，进行修改检查。

检查的内容不是“大处着眼”，而是“小处着手”;不是考虑作文的框架结构，而是留心细枝末节。

昨天,我到学校的时候,我的同桌对我说;咱们英语王老师从今往后在也不教咱们英语了.我说;这怎么可能.他说;是别的同学告诉我的.

最后他还跟我说是因为王老师找到工作了,所以才被掉走了.最终我还是没有相信他.

可是,在我去办公室改错题的时候我才发现王老师真的不教我们英语了.这时候我感觉我一定是看错了.等我回到教室的时候很多同学都说王老师掉走了,而且还换了一个男英语老师.

到了上英语课的时候,果然换了一个英语老师,我很后悔,王老师没有早一点跟我们说.可是这个老师刚进来就跟我们说;你们想不想见一个人呀.同学们都不约而同地回答到;想.其实我们早就知道是王老师,王老师一近来我们就都哭了.因为王老师教了我们四年.我知道王老师肯定是第一个来看的我们班.王老师还说有时间会回来看我们的.到了下午的时候王老师走了.我和我的同伴去送走了王老师.

我想王老师一定会回来看我们的.我一定要好好学习,不辜负王老师的期望.

高效的课堂是时下课堂教学的主流，也是我们一线教师的追求，在听完仇海云老师的讲座后，感想很多如何让孩子们喜欢上这个第二语言，学在其中乐在其中，如何才能提高教学效率，打造高效课堂，我有以下几点浅显的认识：

一、激发学生学习英语的兴趣

新课标指出：激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣，是学生建立自信心。养成良好的学习习惯和形成有效的学习策略，发展学生自主学习的能力和合作精神：是学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和听、说、读、写技能，形成一定的综合运用语言的能力，培养学生的观察、记忆、思维、想象力和创新能力，帮助学生了解世界和中西方文化的差异、拓展视野，培养爱国主义精神，形成健康的人生观，为他们的终身学习和发展打下良好的基础。

“兴趣是最好的老师”。这毋容置疑。作为小学生的启蒙英语老师，我们有责任有义务培养学生的兴趣，这个兴趣应该是具有持久性的、积极向上的特点的。而物质刺激的方法对任何人都适用，甚至是宠物，其所产生的兴趣只是短暂的，比较低级的。因此，老师应该从小学生的生理和心理特点出发，精心设计教法，把英语课与活动课相融合，让学生在活动中快快乐乐学英语。同时，教师可根据小学生好胜心强的特点，开展适当的竞争性游戏，通过小组竞赛的形式，采取加减分数、抢得红五星等多种方法，使学生在竞争活动中获得成功所带来的满足感、成就感。而且，这类活动还能增强学生的团结协作意识，培养学生的合作精神。

二、有效提问是提高课堂教学效率的关键

提问是触发学生思维的引言，是激发学生觉悟的契机，是教学检测的手段。提问的质量制约着教学进程能否推进，决定着教学效果的好坏。要运用好提问，应当注意这样几点：

1、提问要有计划性。一堂课要提问几个问题，对于所提问题的切入角度都要进行精心的构思。先问什么，后问什么，教师要胸有成竹，精心策划。提问要由表及里，由浅入深，步步深入。教师思路明晰，也对学生思维起着潜在的导向作用。

2、提问要有启发性。提问要促进学生思考，要减少或避免走过场的应答式提问——简单地问“对不对”、 “好不表面热闹，价值不大，好”这种应答式的提问，思维的含量很少，而这样的提问在教师实际课堂教学中大有存在。

3、提问要难易适度。有效备课中有个环节就是“备学生”， 学生接受能力有差异，所以我们说要因材施教。提问要根据学生的实际水平，不可过浅，以免走过场;又不可过难，以防学生茫然失措，产生畏难情绪。

三、采用丰富多彩的课堂活动

小学英语教学内容更多的是以日常交流语言为主，带有很强的情境性。而由于孩子随意注意稳定性较差。这就要求我们将枯燥的教学内容还原为实际生活，将课堂教学活化为交流情境。而丰富多彩的活动正是英语教学的情境化中介，是优化英语课堂的关键，是教师了解实际的策略，更是教与学的中介。英语教学活动化，教师应真正树立为学生服务的观念，遵循学生的心理发展和认识发展规律，精心设计课堂的每一个环节，采取种种方法，充分调动学生主体参与的积极性，做学生学习与活动的参谋者，引导者和组织者。从实际出发，精心设计各种新鲜的活动，全身心地投入课堂，对学生的差异要心中有数，对出现的问题及时发现，及时解决，要使学生乐于参与，使他们能够在学习中尽情地发挥自己的才能，充分地表达自己的思想，勇敢地阐述自己的观点，真诚地表露自己的感情。这样，才会有利于全面发展，使他们喜欢英语，喜欢上英语课。

四、及时的给与多种形式的积极评价

教育是一个从量变到质变的不断发展的活动过程，需要根据情况变化及时做出判断和决定，由此产生相应的教育评价。评价是英语课程的重要的有机组成部分，是实现课程目标的重要保障。传统的评价重结果，轻过程，忽视人文性，往往使很多学生一旦失败几次，从此就失去了学习英语的兴趣和信心，课堂上再也见不到往日的微笑和高举的小手。苏霍姆林斯基说：“成功带来的愉快是一股强大的情感力量，儿童想当一名好学生的愿望就是依靠这个力量。”每个儿童都渴望成功，渴望得到老师的表扬，哪怕只是一次微笑。这就需要在平时的教学中注重形成性评价，注意发现每个学生学习的潜能，让他们自主地参与活动，完成学习。

五、及时反思是提高课堂教学效率的保证。

教学反思是教师以自己的教学活动过程和课堂教学实践作为思考对象而进行全面、深入、冷静的思考和总结，对自己在教学活动过程和课堂教学实践中所作出的行为决策以及由此产生的结果进行审视和分析的过程。本人认为，每堂课后，及时认真的进行课堂反思，总结得失，是一种不断地优化课堂教学，提高课堂教学效果的很好办法。

总之，我们只要在教学中以灵活多变的教学方法吸引学生积极参与课堂活动，激发他们的学习兴趣，我们追求的小学英语课堂高效就会慢慢实现。所以，我们要在教学中不断摸索，在摸索中不断前进，为学生将来的学习奠定坚实的基础。

XX is my good friend. She’s in Class1, Grade4 of Tianjiao Primary School. She’s a model student. She’s clever and she’s helpful, too. She often helps teachers and young students at school. She is good at Chinese, maths, English, arts and crafts, music and so on. She has a lot of hobbies. She likes painting and drawing. And she likes listening to music, having picnics with her parents. Oh yeah, she likes fishing, too. But she doesn’t like playing basketball, football, table tennis or volleyball. XX is the best friend of mine. I like playing with her. We always work together and help each other.

Spring Festival was my favorite Chinese festival when I was a child. At

that time, I had a great time. Every year at that time I could dress new

clothes, get lucky money from relatives and seldom receive criticism from my

mother. Everything seems such wonderful. However, as I grow up, I find Spring

Festival is less and less interesting. I just feel that as usual. What’s worse,

with the fireworks, I find Spring Festival is a noisy festival. So I don’t like

it any more.

12 May 2006

Dear Mary,

I am sorry to trouble you, but nobody would come into my mind to help me except you.

You know, I had planned this holiday for several years. A t last, my dream came true. You could imagine how excited I was. My mind was completely occupied with the holiday. I forgot to collect my laundry. I dont know if you can help me collect my laundry. I sent the laundry to the Johns. It is the one down the corner on St. Peters Street. You cant miss it, because the house is painted green-a big green house. I have got two pairs of trousers, three shirts, one T-shirt and a blanket. Call a taxi to send you home. I will pay you back when I am home.

My first stop is London. It is raining. The streets are very clean. How I wish I could have the chance to see the famous London fog. But someone told me that was already the history. One can only read things like that about London in books.

My best wishes to you.

Yours sincerely, Peter Chen

写人，是小学作文训练的基本功之一。下面是小编整理的小学生写作方法：怎么写人，欢迎阅读。

在记叙文中，人和事是不可分的，关键是看题目如何要求。要求写事的题目，文中的人要为事服务;要求写人的题目，文中的事必须为人服务。写人为主的记叙文，就是要通过一件或几件事，来表现人物一种或多种品质。写人的继续文，叙事不要求完整;记事的记叙文，虚实要求完整，而且要贯穿文章始终。

(一)通过一件事来写人

通过一件事来写人，通常是表现人物的一种品质或性格的一个方面。为了刻画人物，对所写人物必须进行必要的外貌、语言、动作、心理等方面的描写。但是，从以事写人这个角度来说，最好是选择一件最能反映此人某一特点的事，并把这件事写好。在写事情的时候，要选择典型的事例。所谓典型，就是能集中反映中心思想的事，能够表现人物的好思想、好品质、美好情感的事。对小学生来说，选择典型事例，要着眼于小事，选择那些最能反映深刻意义的小事。这样的事表面上看，都是普普通通的凡人小事，但是其中却蕴涵着深刻的意义，这就是我们常说的“小中见大”。

(二)通过几件事写人

可以分成两种情况：以是用几件事表现某个人的一种品质;二是用几件事表现某个人的多种品质。要注意：用几件事写人，这些事可以是完整的，作者必须把事情发生的时间、地点、人物、事件(起因、经过、结果)，一一交代清楚，也可以是不完整的，只着重于某几点进行叙述。更多的是在一篇文章中，有的事详写;有的事略写;有的事要求写得比较完整，有的事要求写得比较简单。通过几件事写人，同样要对人物进行必要的外貌、行动、语言、心理的描写。

(三)学会刻画人物

写人的文章要会在叙事的过程中，对最能表现人物思想感情、性格特点的外貌、语言、动作、心理活动等方面进行描写，也就是学会刻画人物。

1. 也叫肖像描写，是通过对人物的容貌、神情、衣着、姿态、语调、外貌特征的描写。来揭示人物性格的一种方法。人物的的外貌和人物内心世界密切的联系，具体说：通过外貌描写，使人物的形象更丰满，能给读者留下深刻印象;通过外貌描写，揭示人物的身份;通过外貌描写，展示人物在特定场合的内心世界;通过外貌描写，表现人物性格、精神面貌和思想品质。

总之，外貌描写要和表现人物特点、突出文章的中心思想紧密配合。外貌描写要传神，切忌脸谱化，反对那种部分主次，从头写到脚、千人一貌的写法。

2. 语言描写有对话和独白两种。

对话是两个人或几个人的谈话;独白是人物的自言自语。语言是人物内心世界的直接表露，对表现人物的思想性格起重要作用。有个性特点的语言可以起到“闻其言，见其人”的作用。语言描写要注意以下两点：一是文章中人物的语言要精心筛选，把那些足以能表现人物的个性特点、最能表现中心思想的语言，写进文章中;二是好的语言描写，一定是符合当时的情景，符合人物的性格、身份、性别、年龄和文化修养等方面的特点。对话描写有四种形式：说的话写在后面，说话人后面用引号;说的话在前，说话人写在后，用引号、句号;前后各引一句或几句，中间交代谁说的，用逗号;只写人物语言，不写说话人。这四种形式要根据实际需要灵活事业，避免行文死板。

3. 动作描写

是通过人物的行动、动作，来表现人物的思想性格的一种方法。一个人的行为、动作，往往是他的思想感情、性格特征的最真实的外化。看一个人，不仅要听他怎么说，更要卡他如何做，正所谓“听其言，观其行”，因此，动作描写是直接刻画人物形象，展示人物精神面貌，把人物写“活”的重要手段。那么，怎样描写人物的动作呢?

首先，要选择关键性的动作来写。一个人做事的时候，会有许多动作。但他们不可能、也没有必要把这些动作一个不少地都写出来。这就要求选择那些关键性的、最有意义的动作来写。

其次，要写准确。同一个动作可以用很多动词来表示，但只有那些有特色，最能反映人物气质的动词，才能把人写“活”。有一位作家说过，最难的不是写动作，而是写出有特点的动作，从动作中写出人来。

4.心理描写

心理的人物内心的活动，是无声的语言。人物内心世界，指人物内心的喜、哀、乐、忧伤、犹豫、嫉妒、向往等复杂的感情。在写人的文章中，恰当地描写人物心理，可以更有效地刻画人物，突出中心思想。心理描写的要求是：要真实，要有根据;人物的心理变化要自然，合情合理;心理描写要为文章的中心思想服务;在描写人物的心理活动时，要客观、谨慎，不能以己之心，度人之意。

小学生作文时，大多采用第一人称(“我”活“我们”)，采用这种人称作文，就不能用“他想”的形式来写人物的心理活动，因为“我”不可能钻到别人的脑子里去看。此时，可以换一种方式——在描写人物的语言、神态、动作上下功夫，这样可能更合情理，使人感到真实可信。

心理描写除了用“我想”之外，还可以采用以下几种方法。

(1)提出问题，引入所想的内容。

(2)使用假设，流露心理活动。

(3)字里行间，流露着“想”。

(4)直接抒发心中所想。

[小学生写作方法：怎么写人

就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观具体事物”的说明和对“主观抽象观念”的说明两大类，比如：对“LASER（激光）”、“Computer Problem of Year XX（计算机XX年问题）”等等的说明都是对客观或者具体事物的说明，而“The Successful Interview（谈成功的面试）”、“How to Write Good English Composition（如何才能写好英语作文）” 等是对主观抽象观念的说明。对我们中学生朋友来说，在汉语说明文的教学中似乎比较侧重前者，即解释客观具体事物的说明文。但在英语说明文中，阐述和说明 “主观抽象观念”的说明文占了很大的比重，其中有些类似汉语中的议论文。但是无论是对“客观具体事物”的说明还是对“主观抽象观念”的阐述，英语说明文从结构上看大致可分为三个部分：第一部分一般是文章的第一段，提出文章的主题，也就是说，文章想要阐述、说明的主要内容；第二部分是文章的主体，可由若干个段落组成，对文章的主题进行展开说明；第三部分是结尾段，对文章的主题作归纳总结。从英语说明文的结构可以看出，要写好英语说明文的关键在于第二部分如何对文章主题进行展开说明。在英语中，常见的用来展开文章主题的方法有下列几种：

1.罗列法（listing）

在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点，然后常用first，second，…and finally加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地使用于各类指导性的说明文之中，下面这篇学生作文就是用罗列法写成的：

Early Rising

Early rising （早起） is helpful in more than one way. First， it helps to keep us fit （健康）。 We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides， we can do good to our health from doing morning exercise （做早操）。

Secondly， early rising helps us in our studies. We learn more quickly in the morning， and find it easier to remember what we learn in the morning.

Thirdly， early rising enables （使能够） us to plan the work of the day. We cannot work well without a good plan. Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring， so the plan for the day should be made in the morning.

Fourthly， early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work， such as to wash our faces and hands and eat our breakfast properly.

Late risers may find it very difficult to form the habit of early rising. They ought to make special efforts to do so. As the English proverb says，“Early to bed and early to rise， makes a man healthy， wealthy and wise.”

罗列法经常用下列句式展开段落，我们可以注意模仿学习：

There are several good reasons why we should learn a foreign language. First of all， …Secondly， …And finally， …

We should try our best to plant more trees for several good reasons First of all， …Secondly， …And finally，

必须指出的是，有时罗列法并不一定有明确的first， second…等词，但文章还是以罗列论据展开的。

2.举例法（examples）

举例法是用具体的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：

Recreation

It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐）。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的） There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“

There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done， for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying. Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening， cycling， walking， chess-playing， and reading. Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles （肌肉） with exercise. Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work （体力活） should adopt （采纳） reading or some other quiet form of recreation.

Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football. Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation. Many persons take great delight in boating. Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松） walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess-playing is another excellent form of recreation.

可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。

3.比较法（comparison and contrast）

比较法是对两个对象进行比较，从而进行说明的写作手法。比较法又可细分为比较相同点（comparison）和比较不同点（contrast）两种方法，比如：

From Paragraph to Essay

Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （结构）。 For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在） Next， the sentences in the body of a paragraph develop the topic sentence. Similarly， the body of an essay consists of a number of paragraphs that discuss and support the ideas given in the introductory （引导的） paragraph. Finally， a concluding sentence （结束句） ——whether a restatement， conclusion， or observation——ends the paragraph. The essay， too， has a concluding paragraph which ends the essay logically and satisfactorily. Although there are some exceptions （例外）， most well written expository （说明文的） paragraphs and essays are similar in structure.

可以看出，在比较相同点的时候，常用到similarly，also，too，in the same case，in spite of the difference等这样的词语。

European Football and American Football

Although European football is the parent of American football， the two games show several major differences. European football， sometimes called association football or soccer， is played in 80 countries， making it the most widely played sport in the world. American football， on the other hand， is popular only in North America （the United States and Canada）。 Soccer is played by eleven players with a round ball. Football， also played by eleven players in somewhat different positions （位置） on the field， is played with an elongated （拉长的） round ball. Soccer has little body contact （接触） between players and therefore needs no special protective equipment. Football， in which players make the greatest use of body contact to stop a running ball-carrier and his teammates， needs special protective equipment. In soccer， the ball is advanced toward the goal by kicking it or by butting （顶） it with the head. In American football， on the other hand， the ball is passed from hand to hand or carried in the hands across the opponents （对手） goal. These are just a few of the features which distinguish （区别） association and American football.

这是一篇用比较不同点的手法写的说明文。从文章中可以看出：however，on the other hand，in contrast，but，nevertheless等表示转折的词语常用来引导对不同点的比较。

4.定义法（definition）

定义法也是英语说明文中常用的写作手法，特别是在对具体事物概念进行说明时经常使用。定义法的基本要素是定义句。英语中常见定义句的模式是：

被定义对象is所属类别+限制性定语

可以看出，定义句中限制性定语越详细，定义就越精确，比如：

A bat is a small mouse-like animal that flies at night and feeds on（以……为食品）fruit and insects but is not a bird.

其实，在英—英词典中，对英语单词的英文解释就是定义法的典型例子。比如，看看Longman词典对student和teacher的定义是很有意思的：A student is a person who is studying at a place of education or training. A teacher is a person who gives knowledge or skill to sb. as a profession （专业）。

5.顺序法（sequence of time， space and process）

顺序法是指按时间、空间或过程的顺序进行说明的一种写作手法。比如按照时间顺序介绍一个科学家的生平，用空间顺序阐述逐渐开发西部的重要意义，用过程顺序法解释葡萄酒的生产过程等等。

下面这篇学生作文就是用顺序法写成的：

Coal

Coal underwent （经受） many changes before it became the bright， brittle （脆的）， black substance which we now use. During ancient times （在上古时代）， when the earth enjoyed a very warm and wet climate， the land was covered with large forests and big plants. As time went on， the ground changed and began to sink （下沉） a little. These very large numbers of trees and vegetables received a deposit （沉淀） of sand and clay. This layer of sand and clay pressed upon the layer beneath and prevented it from contact with air. These trees and plants received the pres sure and changed its appearance.

Generations after generations （几世纪后）， as the ground kept gradually sinking， another layer of sand and clay was again deposited （积聚） above the layers already formed. A great pressure was thus exerted （作用） and the peat （泥煤） was changed into the black and brittle substance which is known as coal.

Coal is a kind of mineral which is formed by nature as above stated. It is an important industrial material and is chiefly used as fuel. It is very valuable in the industrial world. The place where coal deposit is called a coal mine （煤矿）。 In China， coal mines are largely found in the north-west part of the country. Shanxi is a famous province for producing coal. It has the most coal of China.

6.分类法（classification）

分类法是将写作对象进行分类说明的一种写作手法。比如：著名的英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）在其脍炙人口的《谈读书》（Of Studies）一文中就用到了分类法：

Some books are to be tasted， others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested， that is， some books are to be read only in parts， others to be read， but not curiously， and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments， and the meaner sort of books…

参考译文：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所需摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者……

——转摘自《英汉翻译教程》（张培基等）

可见，如果能够根据具体情况，选用合适的写作手法，就可为文章增添无穷的魅力。

除了上述提到的6种展开英语说明文主题的写作方法之外，还有因果法、归纳法等其他方法。但相比之下，对于中学生来说，上述6种方法是首先值得掌握的。另外必须指出的是：在一篇文章中往往是以一种写作手法为主，同时辅以其他写作手法。有时，甚至会几种写作手法混用而不分主次。因此，必须根据具体情况，选用合适的展开主题的写作手法，才能写出优秀的英语说明文。

The summer of the red summer has passed, then ushered in the fall of the fruits and vegetables everywhere. Autumn is Huang Chengcheng, autumn is red, autumn is purple surplus, autumn is orange orange.

A fruit into the orchard, let you have a dazzling feeling. You see, that rouge-like apples, red so bright, red so cute, like a small bowls hanging in the branches, Shen Xun, and like a blossoming red clouds falling in the branches. You see, the apple is hiding in the leaves, can be really like a shy little girl. Look at a string of branches full of grapes, purple so crystal, purple so bright. Like a piece of bright gems, suffer by squeeze squeeze, dense, and like round yo ball. You look, that rice is yellow pear, yellow like a layer of gold powder, from afar, like a gourd hanging there, golden. Look at the side, that round and flat orange, how lovable, how orange ah, really like a small ball ... ... waves of autumn wind blowing, waves of fruit will be impinging, Qin into our heart and lungs So that we are relaxed and happy, three feet long. I and a small partner picked up a large basket of fruit, happily go home.

Ah, beautiful orchards, charming orchards, intoxicated orchards, you bring us a bumper harvest, bring good, this autumn is still resident in the world.

①通过叙述点题是小学作文点题方法之一。如《草原》一文的开头：“这次，我看到了草原。”这里用叙述的方法点题，话语中流露出第一次见到向往以久的草原的兴奋之情。

②通过描写点题。如《我的爸爸》一文的开头：“我的爸爸今年36岁，中等身材，乌黑的头发，一双明亮的眼睛衬着白皙的皮肤，显得十分慈爱、可亲。”这里通过描写人物的外貌点明题意。除此之外，还可以通过描写人物的语言、行动、心理点题。当然，也可以通过描写环境、景物含蓄点题，或通过侧面描写间接点明题意。

③通过抒情点题，这个也是小学作文点题方法。如《我爱我的老师》的结尾：“刘老师啊，我的好老师！您不但教我知识，还时时刻刻以自己的言行教我如何做人，教我如何关心他人。我从心底里喊一声：“刘老师，我爱您！”作者直抒情怀，点明题意，大大增强了文章的感染力。

④通过议论点题。如《记一件发生在身边的事》的结尾：“‘在没有心的沙漠，在没有爱的荒原，死神也望而却步，幸福之花处处开遍。’是啊，人间自有真情在。如果我们每个人都奉献出一点爱，世界不就会变成美好的人间了吗？”这段议论，既点明题旨，也使文章增添了光彩。

We all known that reading should focus on method, but what methods are good for reading? Firstly, the difficulty of the book you read should be moderate. Too difficult or too easy are not so good.

If you find a book is too difficult to read, just put it aside and find an easier one instead. Secondly, read the books that are beneficial for you, which can help you in your career as well as in life. Thirdly, for those simple books or those without deep meanings, you can scan over them, but for those meaningful and beneficial, you should read them intensively and remember to take notes.

Finally, dont be shy to ask questions, because anyone could be your teacher. These approaches are general ones and each of you should have your own reading methods that make your reading fruitful.

Saturday afternoon, I finished the work downstairs to play, went to the edge of the road, suddenly saw the neighbors grandmother is holding a lot of things hard to go home to go.

I quickly ran over and said: "Wang grandmother, you take this a lot of things tired tired? Let me help you!" Wang grandmother said: "still do not have children, things too heavy, you get not Move! "But I still insisted to help Wang grandmother carrying two light bag.

We go and go, went to a small alley inside, obviously rushed over and said: "Wang grandmother, you tired? Or I also help you get something?" Grandma said: "The child, you and thousands Kind of kind is very good, but the two of us now carry the move, thank you! "Obviously said:" It does not matter, or I come to carry it! "Said he picked up the rest of the hands of Wang grandmother, and I sent Wang grandmother back Home.

Went to the door of the building, Wang grandmother said: "Today I really thank you, I can go upstairs, you play it!" Obviously said: "No, we and you up!" I said: "Yes Let s help you get home! "So we went upstairs. After the home, the grandmother said: "hard you, and free to play ah!" I and obviously grand farewell to the grandmother to leave.

Back home, my mother know this thing, boast that I am a good boy! I feel that helping others is really a happy thing!

一

i go to the xiangjiang zoo in panyu.with my family.

the zoo is very big and very beautiful , the zoo has a lot of animals , panda,lion,tiger,snake,elephant,fox…

panda is very cute and very fat , but it is not my favourite animal.

lion is very strong , but it isn’t my favourite animal either, because it isn’t very handsome.

tiger is very strong and very handsome , it’s my favourite animal, because it’s very strong and very handsome.

i feel very happy !

二

today is the start of the school holiday. i go to the night zoo in panyu with my mother and father.we see the white tigers, the bears, lions, elephants, pandas, polar bears and the snakes. the pandas are very cute. the snakes are very dire! and the bear are very cute too. www

today is my holiday. on my holiday i’m very happy!

Dear Tom，

How is it going these days? I keep wondering how you feel about your school life in Beijing. Have you got used to the life in China? Are you enjoying your life? I hope you are.

Let me tell you a piece of good news: I’m going to take part in an English speech contest of middle school students in July in the coming summer vacation. So I’m busy preparing for it. But now I have some difficulty in collecting useful information and using proper English word to express my thoughts. Besides, I really want to improve my spoken English, especially the pronunciation and intonation(语调). Of course, as a native English speaker, you can give me some suggestions.

In addition, I’m going to visit you after the contest. I’m sure we will have a wonderful time together in Beijing! I can hardly wait to see you! I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

My father is a nice man.He likes to play computer games.He is an owner of a factory which produces many things .He is good at designing.He works very hard.I love him very much because, sometimes,I can help him to do something in his factory .He is always on business trips because he has his business everywhere so it takes up too much of his time .

Therefore, he doesn’t have any time to play with me butI don’t blame him for that.I often spend a lot of my time on the computer,soI have something to do.My mother is usually on the phone and tells my father to get home early but my father doesn’t listen to her.So my mother andI sometimes are upset andI don’t like my father in a sense that he always gets home late.

I love my father but not his job!

In the early winter, the wind is a little strong, at this time, it is perfect to fly the kite. I am so excited about this activity, my friends and I will always compete to see who can fly the highest kite. When I see the kite, I play with my friends and we have the good time. Running in the playground makes me so happy.

早期的冬天,风有点大,在这个时候,是非常适合放风筝的。对这个活动,我感到很兴奋。我和我的朋友们总是竞争,看谁能飞最高的风筝。当我看到风筝,我就会和朋友们一起玩耍，我们度过了美好的时光。在操场上奔跑让我感到快乐。

With the rapid process of modernization, computer becomes more and more

popular. Nowadays, almost every family has a computer. Because of computers, our

daily life is improving.

Computer has a great effect on our daily life. In the first place, computer

has so many functions. As we have computers, we neednt buy books, radios, TVs

and any other things, because computer can take place of them. Secondly, surfing

on the Internet must be very interesting. Through the Internet, we can do

everything we like. Thirdly, thanks to the Internet, we can get the further

education at any time, so we dont have to get up so early in winter days.

However, a coin has two sides, because its new doesnt mean its always

good. At present, most students spend too much time on computer games. I dont

think its a good phenomenon, because it will do great harm to our eyes as well

as our health if we play computer games all the time.

In my opinion, we should use the computers in the right way. For instance,

we can read the latest news on the internet to know the world better; read the

e-books to enrich our knowledge or download some useful information for our

work. We can also make different friends on the Internet, so that our life will

be colorful. I believe computers will be our best friends if we make good use of

them.