小学生写英语作文的方法(精彩20篇)

Today isMid-autumn Day. I have a big meal at home with my parents and relatives. This isan important festival, so my mother was busy with preparing the dinner frommorning. She bought a lot of foods for the dinner. We ate the dinner at 5:30p.m.. The dinner was very delicious. I was so full. After dinner, we went totheHongTingParkto enjoy the glorious full moon. There were many people in the park. We talked toeach other and strangers. Of course, the moon cake was essential. We had agreat night there.

Happy Christmas Eve is coming, my heart is very excited, because Santa Claus comes

Its Christmas day on December 25th, and we still go to school as usual. No way, can only go to school, ah foreign friends must have a holiday, because this is their festival, why, why, China does not have a holiday!

In the evening I see Santa Claus, he and I said with a smile, Ill give you gift, I accept gifts, open on see, is a piece of paper, top write: I wish you good good study, day day up! Dont dwell on vacations!

I dont want to have a holiday when I hear that!! Thank you Santa!

快乐的圣诞夜就要来了，我的心情十分激动，因为圣诞老人来了

早上起来看的日历今天是12月25日圣诞节，我们还是像往常一样上学，我想，圣诞节还要上学，累死人啊!没办法，只能上学了，哎外国的朋友一定放假，因为这是他们的节日，为什么，为什么，中国不放假!

我在这天晚上看到了圣诞老人，他笑着和我说，我来给你送礼物了，我收下礼物，打开一看，是一张纸，上边写着：我愿你好好学习，天天向上!不要老是想着放假!

我听到这句话，我在也不想着放假了!!谢谢你圣诞老人!

描写景物，表现独特的自然景观和地域风貌，赞美祖国的壮丽山河和大自然的奇妙，是记叙文的又一个重要类型。写景的记叙文有什么特点呢?下面是小编给大家整理的小学生写景作文方法指导，欢迎大家查看。

首先，景物有狭义和广义之分。狭义的景物指提供人观赏的风景、建筑等;广义的景物指自然景观和人文景观，即自然环境和身会环境。换句话说，记叙文中的景物描写是指对自然风光、建筑物、动物、植物等事物的描写，所描写的景物在文章里占重要位置，这是写景记叙文与写人记事的记叙文的主要区别写人记事的记叙文中，有对自然环境和人物活动的背景介绍、环境描写，但它们在文章中不是主要内容，是为交代事件发生的时间、地点、环境，为渲染气氛服务的。同理，写景记叙文里也有写人叙事的内容，但都是为写景服务的。

其次，写景记叙文的中心思想是通过对景物的描写和人物感情抒发表达出来的。作者可以在文章中直接抒发感情，即所谓直抒胸臆，也可以通过写景表达出来，即所谓寓请于景;还可以在景物描写中蕴涵自己的主观感受，即所谓情景交融。要注意景物描写必须为人物的思想感情服务，与人物的思想感情相一致，不能孤立地、无目的地写景。

怎样写好写景的记叙文?

(一)要写出有特色的景物

一般来说，景物是各有特色的。同样都是公园，但每个公园都有各自的独特之处。例如，北海公园的白塔、九龙壁、颐和园的香阁、十七孔桥;天坛公园的祈年殿、回音壁;紫竹院公园的竹子;香山公园的红叶等。同样是山，我国的四大名山各领风骚，独具特色。同样是水，长江、黄河源远流长，孕育了中华文明数千载。或烟波浩渺、横无涯际;或奔腾咆哮、气势磅礴。这些景色都以其特有的鲜明的特点闻名于世，只有把它们的独特之处描绘出来，才能给人一种身临其境之感，使人得到美的陶冶和享受。

(二)要学会观察

写景作文和看图作文有相似之处，都是以观察作为写作的前提。观察景物与观察图画不同，观察景物要确定观察点，也就是观察景物的立足点。观察点不同，所看到的景物也就不同。宋代文学家苏轼有《题西林壁》：“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同。不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。”由于观赏庐山的角度不同，所看到的景象，所获得的感受也就迥然不同了。

(三)要借助想象和联想

A clear fast is better than a dirty breakfast. 宁为清贫，不为浊富。

A close mouth catches no flies. 病从口入，祸从口出。

A cock is valiant on his own dunghill. 夜郎自大。

A common danger causes common action. 同仇敌忾。

A constant guest is never welcome. 久住非佳宾，常来不欢迎。

A contented mind is perpetual feast. 知足常乐。

A covetous man is good to none but worse to himself. 贪婪的人对别人毫无好处，对自己却坏处更大。

A crafty knave needs no broker. 狡猾的流氓，不需居间人。

A creaking door hangs long on its hinges. 户枢不蠹。

Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. 行动是知识的巧果。

Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

A discontented man knows not where to sit easy. 不满足者坐无宁时。

A disease known is half cured. 病情确诊断，治病好一半。

Admonish your friends in private, praise them in public. 在私底下要忠告你的朋友，在公开场合又表扬你的朋友。

A dog will not howl if you beat him with a bone. 骨头打狗狗不叫。

Adversity is a good discipline. 苦难是磨练人的好机会。

Adversity leads to prosperity. 逆境迎向昌盛。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 患难使人聪明，但不能致富。

Adversity makes strange bedfellows. 身处逆境不择友。

Adversity successfully overcome is the highest glory. 成功地克服困难是最大的光荣。

A fair death honours the whole life. 死得光明，终身荣耀。

A fair face may hide a foul heart. 人不可貌相。

A faithful friend is hard to find. 益友难得。

A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 恶其始者必恶其终。

A bad bush is better than the open field. 有胜于无。

A bad compromise is better than a good lawsuit. 吃亏的和解也比胜诉强。

A bad conscience is a snake in ones heart. 做贼心虚。

A bad custom is like a good cake, better broken than kept. 坏习惯像鲜馅饼，分食要比保存好。

A bad padlock invites a picklock. 开门揖盗。

A bad penny always turns up.

A bad thing never dies. 坏事传千年。

A bad workman quarrels with his tools. 拙匠常怨工具差(人笨怨刀钝)。

A bargain is a bargain. 达成的协议不可撕毁。

A beggars purse is bottomless. 乞丐的钱袋是无底洞。

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。

A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk. 闻其歌知其鸟，听其言知其人。

A bird may be known by its song. 什么鸟唱什么歌。

A bit in the morning is better than nothing all day. 略有胜于全无。

A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that its the boundary of the world. 坐井观天。

A blind man will not thank you for a looking-glass. 秋波送盲，白费痴情。

A book is the same today as it always was and it will never change. 一本好书今天如此，将来也如此，永不改变。

A book that remains shut is but a block. 有书闭卷不阅读，无异是一块木头。

A borrowed cloak does not keep one warm. 借来的斗篷不暖身。

Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it. 相聚爱益切，离别情更深。

A burden of ones choice is not felt. 自己选的担子不嫌重。

A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

A candle lights others and consumes itself. 蜡烛焚自身，光亮照别人。

A cat may look at a king. 猫也有权晋见国王。

A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。

Accidents will happen. 天有不测风云。

A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 链条的坚固程度取决于它最薄弱的环节。

A change of work is as good as a rest. 调换一下工作是很好的休息。

A cheerful wife is the joy of life. 快乐的妻子是生活的乐事。

A clean hand wants no washing. 身正不怕影子斜。

A clear conscience is a soft pillow. 问心无愧，高枕无忧。

A clear conscience is a sure card. 光明磊落，胜券在握。

A clear conscience laughs at false accusations. 白日不做亏心事，夜半敲门心不惊。

Good morning, my admirable professors and my dear fellows. It’s my great

honor to be here to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Xing Heng and I’m

in my eighteen years old. I come fromXiamen, which is a famous and beautiful

city. I strongly suggest you visiting there and I can be your guide if it’s

convenient. After three years’ hard work, I am so excited that I am finally

enrolled by my dreaming school,SichuanUniversityand be one of you. I am outgoing

and I have many interests, such as playing basketball, football, and swimming,

but I am only good at basketball. I hope we can always play together in the next

four years. Computer Science and Technology is my favorite subject and I am sure

that it’s also a promising area in the future, with the great development of

computer science and our society. I am glad to be a classmate of you and I hope

we can study and make progress together in the future. I greatly expect my life

to be with you in the coming four years.

Today is Christmas day, in my impression, Christmas is a western festival, whenever the night of Christmas, Santa Claus will be riding a reindeer gave gifts to children around the world.

The thought of these, I cant wait to open the presents in Christmas stockings over there, I seem to see a kind of Santa Claus slide the sleigh fly like generally to our door to give me a gift... To sum up, my head what about Christmas has a legend, day, again a Christmas stocking, strange, just like mom about my favorite gift is the same, I just suddenly realize, that Santa Claus is actually his own mother! These exquisite gift, is mother prepared.

I held my beloved gift, a thick float to a mothers love towards me, I will hold my mother was moved to tears.

今天是圣诞节，在我的印象中，圣诞节是西方人的节日，每当圣诞节的夜晚来临的时候，圣诞老人就要骑着驯鹿把礼物送给世界各地的小朋友。

一想到这些，我就迫不及待的想打开圣诞袜翻里面的礼物，我仿佛看到一位和蔼可亲的圣诞老人滑着雪橇像飞一般地滑到我们家门口来给我送礼物……总而言之，我的脑子里什么关于圣诞的传说都有，高兴得不得了，再一翻圣诞袜，奇怪了，竟然跟妈妈谈起我最喜欢的礼物是一样的，这下我才恍然大悟，所谓的圣诞老人其实就是自己的妈妈!这些精美的礼物，都是妈妈精心准备的。

我捧着我心爱的礼物，一股浓浓的母爱朝我飘来，我就抱着妈妈感动的哭了。

导语：你的假期是怎么度过的呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I had a wonderful holiday at spring festival . I went to the park with my friends . We met at eight o‘clock at the school gate . We went to the park by bike .It was a beautiful day . We sat under a big tree and chated with each other . We took about some movies and some fun things . We had lunch there . We ate hamburgers and some drinks , but I know they are not healthy and not good for us . Then we played some games .

We were all fell tired ,but we were very happy ! It was great fun !

【参考译文】

在春节我度过了一个美妙的假期。我和我的朋友去公园。我们八点在学校门口见面。我们骑自行车去公园，那是一个美丽的日子。我们坐在一棵大树下互相聊天。我们拍了一些电影和一些有趣的事情。我们在那里吃午饭。我们吃汉堡包和一些饮料，但我知道他们不健康，对我们不好。然后我们玩了一些游戏。

我们都累了，但我们很高兴!这很有趣!

We are going to Shanghai to visit the Oriental Pearl Tower (东方明珠塔) tomorrow. It’s a beautiful and famous place. And it’s more beautiful at night. Do you know how we can get there ?

TheOrientalPearlToweris in the east ofShanghai. It is far from the train station (站) . So we can to there by the No. 1 subway. Get off at the People’s Park. Next go straight for ten minutes, turn left at the third crossing , then walk straight. You can find theOrientalPearlToweron the right.

Life is short,so it is imperative that we do not waste a moment of it.We should all live life to the fullest.In order to do that we must focus on what is important in life.By paying attention to the right things we can make our lives colorful rather than dull.

The four most important components of a colorful life are quality of life,people,health and passion.The first,quality of life,can be achieved by doing everything to the best of our ability.If we do that,success will come to us.Second,we must value the people and relationships in our lives.People are the secret to happiness,so we must always treat them right.Third,we must treat our body right,too.It is difficult to enjor life without good health.The last ingredient,passion,is perhaps the most important.We must commit one hundred percent to our relationships and career.

We should have a passion for living. In conclusion,we can all have wonderful lives.All we have to do is remember that the for keys to a colorful life are:quality of life,people,health and passion.By paying attention to these things we are bound to live meaningfully and well.

My family is a harmonious family, There are 5 members in my family. They are my grandpa、grandma、mother、father and I. My grandpa is 58 year old. He is a very happy man. His hair is short. I look like him. My grandma is happy too. She wants to have a pair of sandals. Two days ago she had one. My mother is beautiful woman. My father is a handsome young man. He wants to have many shoes and jumpers. My grandpa likes running. My grandma likes singing. My mother likes driving and my father like drawing. My family is harmonious, because my mother takes care of my grandpa and grandma very well. I love my grandpa、 grandma、father and mother very much, and they all love me too. I have a happy family.

I love my family!

我的英语老师是个女教老师。她的眼睛大大的，耳朵有点小，鼻子呢微微向上翘，鼻梁上还架着一幅眼镜，大大的嘴巴。她的身材不是很胖，显得很匀称。

她对我们的学习要求很严格，每天布置的作业还要让家长签字，签字完了还要让家长用印章印，没签字的同学要罚站。检查作业时老师点到那个单词，谁要是会读，谁就可以坐下，要是不会读，就要站十分钟。有的时候，要是时间来不及了，老师会随便抽组检查，抽到那个组，就看那个组的作业。

有一次，我的英语作业忘记签字了，检查作业的时候，老师正好抽到了我们组，我害怕极了，心都快提到了噪子眼儿。可是老师快要抽到我的时候，却停了，老师没有看我的作业。好险哪儿!下一回可不能在出现这样的事情了。

我们的英语老师虽然很严格，不过我们还是很喜欢她的。

12 May 2006

Dear Mary,

I am sorry to trouble you, but nobody would come into my mind to help me except you.

You know, I had planned this holiday for several years. A t last, my dream came true. You could imagine how excited I was. My mind was completely occupied with the holiday. I forgot to collect my laundry. I dont know if you can help me collect my laundry. I sent the laundry to the Johns. It is the one down the corner on St. Peters Street. You cant miss it, because the house is painted green-a big green house. I have got two pairs of trousers, three shirts, one T-shirt and a blanket. Call a taxi to send you home. I will pay you back when I am home.

My first stop is London. It is raining. The streets are very clean. How I wish I could have the chance to see the famous London fog. But someone told me that was already the history. One can only read things like that about London in books.

My best wishes to you.

Yours sincerely, Peter Chen

Mid-autumn Festival is one of the most important festivals for Chinese

people, which even occupies the same position with Spring Festival. It is said

that the festival originated from a love story. A man with great strength shot

nine suns and left only one, while his wife ate the pills by curious heart. At

last, she flied to the moon and had to be separated with her lover. Nowadays,

the meaning of Mid-autumn festival is to let the families get together and enjoy

the time to appreciate the full moon. My families always prepare for some

snacks. When we finish the dinner, all the members will come to the balcony and

sit down, appreciating the full moon. We talk and enjoy the chatting hour. I

have a good time with my families.

In North, when winter comes, the weather is very cold, the cloud covers the sunshine all the time, it is hard for people to see the sunshine. So the sunshine becomes very rare in the winter, when it comes, I will feel very comfortable, my mood turns good even I am not happy. I love sunshine, it just like the hope for me.

在北方，当冬天到来的时候，天气变得很冷，云朵总是遮挡着阳光，人们很难看到阳光。因此冬日里的阳光变得很稀有，当它出来的时候，我很感到很舒服，即使我不高兴，心情也会变好。我爱阳光，对于我来说就像是希望。

Read this material, I want to thank the teacher in the article, he used a seemingly clever way to actually savage and absurd the students on the unforgettable lesson, but also gave me a strong shock.

"Only accept people tell you something" learning state, not only the students, between me and my classmates around the passive, also It is quite common for, learning method is blind, the result is inefficient and low efficiency, not to mention the creation of.

The practice of curriculum reform, we have gradually realized that students should become the main body of learning; learning knowledge should become the subject of learning; learning knowledge should be abundant, widespread, and not just "people tell you things"; learning methods in addition to "accept", also should including self-study, exploration and discovery...... After reading this material, we should be more active and active in the change of learning state.

Obviously, we should not only "learn", but also "learn to learn".

我爱中国菜 I Love Chinese Food

Chinese food is famous all around the world. A lot of foreigners speak

highly of the delicious food when they come to this big country. For me， I like

spicy food， so hot pot is my favorite. I can eat what I like and put the food in

the spicy soup. The hotness makes me feel so cool. No matter where I go， Chinese

food is always my favorite.

中国菜闻名全世界，有很多外国人来到这个大国以后都会赞扬美味的食物。对我来说，我喜欢辣的食物，所以火锅是我的最爱。我可以把我喜欢吃的食物放进辣汤里就可以吃到自己喜欢的食物

了，辣味让我觉得太酷了。无论我去哪里，中国菜永远是我的最爱。

大自然物换星移、雨雪云雾，一山一水，一草一木，甚至人们生活的一些环境。无不向人们展示着一种美使人们触景生情，或赞扬、或感叹，并想用语言文字将这美景及瞬间的感情记录下来，这便是写景作文的内地动力。但有的学生在平时的习作中，遇到景物描写时，不是滥形容、乱比喻、堆砌词语，就是想到写得美；怎样才算写得美，有些学生往往认为多形容、多描写，才能写得美。例如一写到春天就是“春光明媚，百花齐放，鸟语花香”一写到鲜花总是“张开了笑脸，风一吹，像翩翩起舞的蝴蝶，散发着阵阵清香”。要么就是说空话，什么“这里的景色多美啊！”“眼前的美景太迷人啦！”那么如何在新课标的要求下让学生写好景物作文呢？

一、仔细观察，抓住景物特点。

第一要抓时序的特点。春夏秋冬，一年四季或晨、午、黄昏一天早晚，景色自然不一样。比如：《高大的皂荚树》中：“春天，下小雨啦。皂荚树为我们遮挡着，雨滴就不会很快调下来。我们就能够像平常一样，在操场上做体操，做游戏。夏天，暴烈的太阳当头照。有了皂荚树的遮挡，烈日就只能投下星星点点的光斑。我们活动在操场上觉得格外凉爽。秋天，皂荚树上许许多多得皂荚儿成熟了，那样子，就像常见得大扁豆。高年级得同学爬上树去，用带钩子得小竹竿把皂荚儿钩下来。小同学呢，把它们捡进筐里，交给老师。冬天，皂荚树落叶了。枯黄的小叶子，打着旋儿，不断地飘落，在地上铺一层一层。这时候，我们就把树叶扫到一起，堆放在墙脚下。”这些片断作者抓住了皂荚树在一年四季的不同特点，反映了作者对校园皂荚树的喜爱和赞美之情。

第二要抓场所的特点。

写景的文章有的指明了场所的，如《街头一景》、《校园春色》，就要把“校园”、“街头”、等这些场所的特点写出来。

第三要抓景色的特点。

不同的风景点特点是不同的，如有的是山景为主，有的以奇石闻名，有的借江湖增光，就应当抓住这些不同的特点，写出景物的个性。如：《火烧云》中：“这地方的火烧云变化极多，一会儿红彤彤的，一会儿金灿灿的，一会儿半紫半黄，一会儿半灰半百合色。葡萄灰，梨黄，茄子紫，这些颜色天空都有，还有些说也说不出来，见也没见过的颜色。”这个片断作者抓住了火烧云的色彩绚丽的特点进行描写的，从而反映了火烧云的美。

二、动静结合，写好景物特点。

在写景作文中，景物有静态与动态的区别。自然景色总是沉静的，但又都在不断地运动与变化之中。写景时既要注意静态的景，又在善于看出景中的动态，做到静中有动，动中有静，动静结合。描写时或先写静态后写动态，或先写动态后写静态，使景物处于静态与动态时的特征和谐完美地呈现在读者面前，只有这样，才能使文章中的景色特点“活”起来。如《第一场雪》中：“落光了叶子的柳树上，挂满了毛茸茸、亮晶晶地银条儿；冬夏常青地松树和柏树，堆满了蓬松松、沉甸甸的雪球。一阵风吹来，树枝轻轻地摇晃，银条儿和雪球儿簌簌地落下来，玉屑似的雪末儿随风飘扬，映着清晨的阳光，显出一道道五光十色的彩虹……

三、以情观景，借景抒情。

写景物的作文，不是为了写景而写景，它最终的目的是要表达人的一种情感。关键在于处理好“景”与“情”的关系。景与情贵在溶合，景中有情、情中有景，才能达到水乳交融、不可分离的境界。在方法上，可多加运用比喻、拟人等修辞手法，使景物带有人的特点，让写实与想象完美结合在一起。一篇优美的文章只有渗透了作者的真情实感，才能更好地表达文章中心，准确地抒发作者的情怀，使读者也能从课文美的文字中真切体会到景美物美，以及作者对景物的喜爱。如：《夕照》中：“太阳被裹上了橘黄色，没有了刺眼的光芒，稳稳地站在那排杨树上，没有丝毫衰老的样子。柔柔的光泻下来，给砖瓦房镀上一层华丽的金黄；房顶顿时化作一汪晶莹的湖水，每一片瓦都跳跃着的：“波纹”是夕阳得意的杰作。那平静的“湖面”难道不是被它踩碎的吗？啊，它和我一样调皮！”作者运用一连串的比喻和巧妙的拟人手法，写出了夕阳的柔美，落山时调皮的模样，使夕阳有了情感，有了生命活力，充分抒发了作者对夕阳的赞美，对夕阳的喜爱之情。

总的来说，写好景物就要抓住景物的特点，根据所写景物的特点，有所侧重地选择景物描写方法，写时要展开丰富的联想，并融入自己的真情实感。平时要多观察、多练习，把你所看到的最美的景色写出来，让读者感到鲜明生动，有身临其境之感。

导语：作为一名学生，你觉得你的小学生活过的怎么样呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

I am a student at grade 6,I want to say something about my life in primary school.

My school life in primary school is wonderful! I have a lot of friends. They are friendly to me.We study together play together and talk together. My teachers are very patient .They teach me a lot and help me with many problems. The school life is unforgettable.

【参考译文】

我是一个五年级的学生，我想说说我的小学生活。

我的学校生活，小学是美好的!我有很多朋友。他们是友好的我。我们一起学习一起玩，一起聊聊。我的老师非常有耐心，他们教了我很多，帮助我很多问题。学校生活是令人难忘的。

I have a gentle and kind mother, I love my mother.

Once, my mother brought me to the big supermarket to buy things, where I want a lot of things, have to wear, play, etc., my mother every kind of buy me more, when I walk in front of a lot of small food pointed to To buy, the mother was one by one refused, my mother patiently told me about the harm of eating small food, then I understand that my mother is so much care for me.

And once again, I was sick, in the hospital, my mother asked the doctor anxiously my condition, carrying my upstairs downstairs ran to do a variety of tests, looking at her mothers full of sweating look, I Very distressed her, I secretly determined, must take good care of the body, no longer let my mother worry about me.

This is my mother, my mother is my care is endless, my mother love for me can not use words to express, my mothers greatest wish is to let me learn, grow up, I want to tell my mother, I Will not live up to your expectations of me, I love my mom!

A Happy Day

Today is Saturday， my family and I go to have a picnicin the park， I feel so excited， because our family does not have the activityfor a long time. At first， I go to see the park and play for a while， then Icome back to my parents， and join them. I play games with my parents， theylaugh happily. Today is a happy day for me.

说明文是一种对事物作客观说明的一种文体，目的在于给予读者知识。以下是小学生说明文的写作方法，欢迎阅读。

小学生对说明文的写作最感头痛，往往举步维艰。 其实，说明文只要理顺了头绪，把阅读说明文和写作说明文结合起来，以阅读课文为写作借鉴的范例，多观察、多分析、多练习，就能逐步学会选用恰当的说明方法，正确而有条理地说明事物的特征。 说明文的特点主要有说明性、知识性、科学性、实用性。说明文，即用来解释或说明事物、理论、方法、过程或某种抽象概念的文章。 说明文的基本目的就是说清楚。也就是说，要让人看了文章后对文章中解释或说明的对象有清晰明确的认识。这就决定了说明文的基本特征是客观和科学。

说明文的手法  说明文首要的一点是明确说明的对象，然后用准确的语言，结合多种说明手法对之进行介绍和描述。

常用的说明手法

举例子、列数字、分类别、

打比方、下定义、做引用、

作比较、摹状貌、画图表、

作假设、作诠释

作用举例：

1．举例子：具体形象地说明……(说明对象)的……特征，使说明更具体。

[举例子]：将复杂的、抽象的事物或概念，用具体、形象、易于理解的典型事例来说明。例如说明死海的“死”，列举海水中没有鱼虾、水草，甚至连海边也寸草不生的事例作证;说明死海的“不死”，列举即使不会游泳的人，也总是浮在水面上，不用担心会被淹死的事例，让人信服。

2．列数字：科学准确地说明……的……特征，使说明更具说服力。

[列数字]：些事物从数量上便于说明特征，可以运用一些数字来说明。例如《太阳》中：其实，太阳离我们有一亿五千万公里远。到太阳上去，如步行，日夜不停地走，差不多要走三千五百年;就是坐飞机，也要飞二十几年。

3．分类别：条理清晰地说明……的……的特征，使说明更具条理性。

分类别的说明方法，是一个大的概念中，包含着若干的小的概念，这若干小的概念同属一个大范畴而又相互并列，没有主从关系，更没有比较的特点。

4．做比较：清晰明了地说明……的……的特征，使说明更具说服力。

[作比较]：把被说明的事物与其他事物进行比较，显示事物的特征。通过比较，可以认识事物的特殊点、或被说明的事物与其他事物的共同点。

例如《太阳》中：“我们看太阳，觉得它并不大，实际上它大得很，130万个地球才能抵得上一个太阳。”拿地球跟太阳作比较，突出地说明了太阳的体积之大这一特点。

作比较的说明方法、一般有主有从，主事物是被说明对象，从事物不是要说明的对象，而只是为说明主事物服务的，为了说明人们所不熟悉的主事物，而选一个人们熟悉的从事物跟它相比以让人们更清楚地了解主事物的某种特点，这就是作比较，

5．打比方：生动形象地说明……的……特点，增强文章的趣味性。

[打比方]：把此事物比作彼事物从而把此事物的特征解说得确切具体、浅显易懂。例如《太阳》中：“太阳会发光，会发热，是个大火球。”这打比方，把太阳的形状及会发光发热的特点生动地反映出来了。

6．下定义：用简明科学的语言对……加以揭示，从而更科学、更本质、更概括地揭示事物的特征、事理。

在语言要求上，下定义的语句要求是个明确的判断，语言形式一般为“某某是什么?”或“某某叫什么”语言要求准确、概括、简洁，不允许出现比喻、拟人等修辞方法而作诠释就没有这些限制，只要做到说明准确、严密即可。

下定义即用简明的语言对事物的本质属性作概括性的说明，以便确定被说明事物的范围和界限。

7．作诠释：对……加以具体的揭示说明，使说明更加通俗易懂。

作诠释是注释说明，一般对事物作通俗的介绍，对事理的性质和特点进行解说。

8．引资料：具体地说明了……的……的特征，是说明更具说服力。

[引用]：引用有关名言、资料、典故、诗词、民彦、俗语、传说等充当说明的内容或依据来说明、介绍事物。例如《太阳》中：有这么一个传说：古时候，天上有十个太阳，晒得地面寸草不生，人们热得受不了，就找一个箭法很好的人射掉了九个，只留下一个，地面上才不那么热了。

9．摹状貌：生动形象地说明了……的……的特征，使说明更具体。

10．列图表：直观形象地说明了……的……的特点，是说明更具体。

说明文的分类

一、对象

按说明的对象不同分为：

1、事物说明文：着重在于说明的成因、构造、形状、用途等。如《中国石拱桥》;

2、事理说明文：重在说明事理。事理说明文旨在解释事物本身的道理或内部规律地，如《统筹方法》等。

这两类说明文常用的也有一定的区别。比如事物说明文重在说明事物的物理特征，常用的是下定义、分类别等说明手法，事理说明文重在说明事物的逻辑特征，要用到引资料、作比较等说明手法。但时候，在同一篇文章中，几种说明手法都要用到，相辅相成，互为补充。

二、语言

从语言表达方式上可分为：

平实说明文和文艺性说明文。

说明文的语言要求准确和简明。有的说明文要讲究语言的平实，有的讲究语言的生动。但不论是平实还是生动，都要求准确、简明，要注意说明文的科学性。主要有以下几点：

一. 简洁性。说明文的遣词造句，应简洁平实、通俗易懂。

二. 准确性。说明文以传授知识为目的，这就要求它必须用准确的语言，如实地反映事物的特征、本质、规律。说明文的语言的准确性是说明文语言的先决条件。表示时间、空间、数量、范围、程度、特征、性质、程序等，都要求准确无误。

三、科学性。介绍科学知识的说明文，要特别注重科学术语的准确使用。

四、严密性。为了使读者对较复杂的事物、较深奥的事理有明晰确切的理解，说明文常常恰当地使用修饰和限制词语，讲究语言的周到严密。

五、条理性。任何事物都具有它本身的条理，我们说明事物就要按照它本身的条理来安排说明顺序，使之眉目清楚，有条不紊。

六. 逻辑性。有的说明文，要从事物的内在联系上进行说明，语言逻辑性强。

七. 趣味性。叶圣陶先生说：“说明文不一定就是板起面孔来说话，说明文未尝不可带一点风趣。

说明文语言的准确性体现在如下几个方面：

①、表示时间

对时间的说明要尽量做到精确，如：一天有24小时，每小时有60分种，每分钟有60秒。但是像“这座桥（赵州桥）修建于公元605年左右，到现在已经一千三百多年了。”（茅以升《中国石拱桥》），这里的两处数字说明，由于年代久远，只能用推测的方法，表面上看似乎不精确，实际上正好体现了说明文语言的准确性。

②、表示空间

“我国的建筑，从古代的宫殿到近代的一般住房，绝大部分是对称的……”（叶圣陶《苏州园林》）这里的“绝大部分”表明并非所有的“宫殿”和“住房”都是对称的，也有少部分并不对称，这种客观的说明同样体现了说明文语言的准确性。

③、表示范围

“死海地处约旦和巴勒斯坦之间南北走向的大裂谷的中段，它的南北长80公里，东西宽约5至17公里，海水平均深度300米，最深的地方大约有400米。