麦琪的礼物英语阅读及答案（热门19篇）

《麦琪的礼物》是美国的短篇小说家欧享利在监狱中所写，他想给他的女儿买礼物，于是写了这篇小说。

《麦琪的礼物》讲了德拉和吉姆他们各自失去了一件引以为豪的东西，但是他们却获得了对方最真挚的爱。

假如当你为某个人或某件事失去了一件东西的时候，你也一定会有意想不到的收获;假如你的心里总会为别人着想，总把别人的利益放在第一位，你也会有意想不到的收获。德拉和吉姆同时都是为了自己最爱的人，失去了自身最宝贵的东西，他们就都成为了这样的人。所在，在生活中，金钱、名利等不是最重要的。假若有人肯为你失去东西，也不说是他身上最重要的东西，只要是你在危难中他肯帮助你，这才是你生命中的好朋友，那你才是最富有的。在生活中能为别人割舍的人，才是最值得敬佩的。

你看，在生活中清洁工比任何人起得早、睡得晚，只为给别人一个干净的马路，给别人一个舒适的心情，他们总是在默默无闻地打扫街道。虽然，他们干的事情微不足道，但正是这些微不足道的小事情，让人们会对他们油然而生一种敬意，他们也是最值得人们敬佩的，人们也对他们充满敬佩。

只要是从身边的小事做起、只要你一直在奉献、只要你一直在为别人着想，同样，你也会成为人们心中最值得敬佩的人。

People have to spend so many years to go to school before they can be independent and earn money. We are told that reading books is good for us, but the fact is that we may find many bosses go to work in the early age and they don’t read many books. In fact, reading books doesn’t mean the person can make a lot of money, but reading books can broaden a person vision.

Books provide us all kinds of knowledge, we can see the different sceneries, reading the books is like traveling to different places. What’s more, we can considerate things in different viewpoints. When we face difficulties, we will treat them in the peaceful way, we won’t lose our way, because we believe things will change one day, we have hope in our hearts. Reading books makes us have a good attitude towards life.

Gorky said: "Books are the ladder of human progress!" It is obvious how

important reading is! Reading books allows us to learn a wealth of knowledge,

but also make people progress.

Usually we should read more books, and we must read good books, such as:

science fiction, composition, fairy tales, fables, myths and other useful.

Meaningful book. However, for books like comics, it is best to read less.

"Reading through thousands of books, writing pens is like a god." I think

that reading more is good for writing. When reading, you should accumulate some

good words and good sentences, and then copy them on your notebook. Learn more

about other peoples writing skills. Content, so that when writing, the

accumulated and learned things can come in handy!

Books are our good friends; books are also our good teachers; none of us

leave anyone, book this intimate teacher, this competent teacher!

Speaking of reading, thats and I have a deep love! In reading, I learned a lot of knowledge, understand a lot of truth. I have benefited a lot from!

When I was a child, no matter I like it or not, my mother always told me before you go to bed a bedtime story ", and "reading" with me. Gradually, I will love the book, Ive always wanted to own to read a book.

Slowly, I have reached the age of the kindergarten. This time, I began to try to read some picture books, at this time, I understand a lot of sense from the picture books, learned a lot of knowledge. Also, my mother gave me booked child illustrated, I always look fondle admiringly. Once, I was watching the childrens illustrated, mother cried, I eat dinner, but I did not even hear listen to, continue to see their childrens illustrated, after a while, mother cant wait, came over and asked me to eat, I just dream again wake up, go to the dinner table.

Pretty soon, I was in primary school, my mother is in the post office gave me a book "we love science", "small Copernicus", "scientific inquiry" and other books, also borrowed a lot of books in the library, also bought me a lot of good books online! For me, I also often habitually study good books in the home, soon, I will put a lot of books to drill through, during this period, I have mastered a lot of knowledge, such as the nature of the book: I know the growth of the tree is to start from the top, paper, up to seven times, the candles in the water also can burn, friction in the application of life, etc.; The history books: let me know the history of five thousand years of Chinese civilization, know the four great inventions in ancient China, and know a lot of celebrity anecdotes, know the "water can carry the boat, also swallows" profound truth; Read literature books: let me understand a lot of human reason, be kind, be love, be grateful, be tolerant to others, to persevere, be brave.

Because a lot of reading, but also let me learn better. Math, I can quickly understand the question, seize the key points, clever problem solving; Do Chinese reading questions, because of the large amount of reading, I rarely lose points on it. Composition is my strengths, my composition is often happy, as my class! When writing blog, because of large amount of reading, writing articles is often recommended.

Now, I have become a veritable little bookworm, reading, nature will grow with me.

说起阅读，那可是和我有着很深的缘分呢!在阅读中，我学到了很多知识，懂得了很多道理。使我受益匪浅!

小时候，不管我喜欢不喜欢，妈妈总会在睡觉前给我讲一个“睡前故事”，还和我一起“读书”。渐渐的，我就喜欢上了书本，一直想自己去看书。

慢慢地，我已经到了上幼儿园的年龄了。这个时候，我开始尝试着去读一些绘本了，这个时候的我，从绘本中明白了很多道理，懂了很多知识。而且，妈妈还给我订了《幼儿画报》，我看起来总是爱不释手。有一次，我正在看《幼儿画报》，妈妈大声喊我吃饭，我却连听都没听见，继续看自己的《幼儿画报》，过了一会儿，妈妈等不及了，走过来让我去吃饭，我这才梦如初醒般的，走到了饭桌上。

很快，我上小学了，妈妈就在邮局给我订了《我们爱科学》、《小哥白尼》、《科学探索》等书，也在图书馆里借了很多书，还在网上给我买了很多好书!我呢，也经常习惯性地钻研家里的好书，很快，我就把很多书都钻了个透，在这期间，我掌握了大量的知识，比如看科普类的书：我知道了树是由顶端开始生长的、纸张最多可以折七次、蜡烛在水里也可以燃烧、摩擦力在生活中的应用等;看历史方面的书：让我知道了中华五千年的文明历史、知道了我国古代的四大发明、知道了很多的名人趣事、知道了“水可载舟，亦可覆舟”的深刻道理;看文学方面的书：让我懂得了很多做人的道理、做人要善良、要有爱心、要懂得感恩、对他人要宽容、做事要持之以恒、要勇敢等。

因为大量的阅读，还让我的学习更优秀。做数学题时，我能很快的读懂题意，抓住关键点，巧妙解题;做语文的阅读题时，由于阅读量大，我很少在这上面失分。作文就更是我的强项，我的作文常被作为班里范文呢!在写博客的时候，因为阅读量大，写出的文章时常被推荐。

现在，我已经成为了一只名副其实的小书虫，阅读呢，自然将伴着我成长。

《麦琪的礼物》是收录于欧亨利的短篇小说集的一篇文章，刚开始，就被他那的故事情节吸引住了。

它讲述了一个生活在社会最底层的故事。圣诞节要来临了，麦琪夫妇。打算彼此互赠礼物。妻子有一头乌黑浓密的长发，而丈夫却有一个祖传的金表，可惜没有表带。妻子卖掉了一半引以为豪的长发，给丈夫买了表带。而丈夫卖掉了自我的金表，给妻子买了梳妆工具。

一开始读到那里，我觉得很好笑。故事漠然一笑之后，令我感慨万千。人世间最珍贵的。并不是钱，而是人世间的真情。这篇文章也揭露了在社会的底层，虽然不是达官贵族，没有权利，没有金钱，没有地位。可是他们却收获了人世间的真情。是你拥有千百万也收获不到的。

有了金钱，往往会忽视最珍贵的感情。如果有两种选择放在你面前。你是会选择千百万的金钱呢?还是会选择一份真挚的感情呢?有些人可能会犹豫，有些人可能会选择千百万的金钱。而我会毫不犹豫的选择那份真挚的感情。因为他是无价的，是用多少钱也买不回来的。

让我们不要抱怨生活的冷漠与无情，其实即使你生活在在社会的底层，也有一些不被人重视的真情。

《麦琪的礼物》是美国短篇小说大师欧·亨利作品的选集。书中，社会上那些巧取豪夺，坑蒙拐骗，利欲熏心，尔虞我诈的上流人物，得意之徒们的丑恶行径，被揭露无遗。通过他们的种种表现，形象逼真，不拘一格地向读者展现了文明社会的黑暗与滑稽本质，弱肉强食与天良丧尽的现实，并喻示在金钱万能，唯利是图的生存环境中，人性的异化和畸变。

然而在众多对丑恶人性的描写之中，也不乏许多使人肃然起敬的小人物，让人对荒诞，滑稽的故事漠然一笑之后，感慨万千。留给我印象最深的是《麦琪的礼物》这篇文章，它让我真正领略到了人性的魅力。

有些人认为钱是万能的，有了钱就拥有了一切，但我一直坚信真挚的感情是无价的。即使你有千百万，那也换不来真正的感情。或许金钱让你获得一些感情，但那些都是虚伪的。当你不再拥有万贯金钱时，虚伪的感情便会破裂，最终留给你的是万分痛苦。

《麦琪的礼物》就是因为金钱而引发的一系列故事。一对夫妻因为想给对方买一件圣诞礼物而舍弃了自己的心爱之物。可惜最后彼此的礼物却都失去了使用价值，但他们都得到了人世间最宝贵的礼物彼此的真情。我认为他们是幸福的，虽然他们很穷，生活拮据，但在他们心中，金钱并不重要，重要的是对方的真情，只要拥有它，他们感到比有钱的富翁幸福百倍。

换一个角度来看，假如小说中女主人公德拉家财万贯，即使她买了昂贵礼物也看不出真情所在，杰姆也就不会感到那么幸福了。德拉美丽的头发，杰姆珍贵的金表，两样各自引以为自豪的东西都失去了。他们本来想让对方更加美丽，却使礼物失去了使用价值，然而他们更加感到幸福。正像作者所说：在所有馈赠礼物的人当中，他们两个是最聪明的。我想，在一切接受礼物的人当中，他们也是最幸福的。许多人都会羡慕这对夫妻。

也许，有些人会对此不屑一顾，无法理解他们的做法。假如万贯家财和一份真挚的感情同时放在你面前，你会选哪一样呢?我会毫不犹豫地选择那份感情，因为真挚的感情是无价的!我相信真心的付出终会有真诚的回报，拥有真情才能拥有幸福。

[麦琪的礼物读后感作文

Reading is good I used to think of not be good, but, after this time, I know how much the place.

Thing is this: once, when I sitting at home reading, I read the tasteless, read for a long time I think read book is very interesting, I also learned a lot of knowledge. As I think of a once in a composition of the book in a word, this word make the article more vivid, also let my article received high praise, I am very happy, so I must read more in the future. Let their writing level is higher.

In fact, reading a lot of benefits, like can greatly extend our imagination, still can make our life more colorful, and so on. The benefits of reading have so many, we must read more books!

读书的好我以前都认为读书没什么好处，可是，经过这一次，我知道了处有多少了。

事情是这样的：有一次，我坐在家里读书，我无味的读着，读了很久我就觉的读书很有意思，我也学到了很多的知识。就在一次作文中我想到了一句曾经书中的一句话，这一句话让文章变得更生动了，也让我的文章得到了好评，我很高兴，所以我以后一定要多看书。让自己的写作水平更高。

其实，读书还有很多的好处，像可以大大扩展我们的想象力，还可以让我们的生活更精彩，等等等等。读书的好处有这么多，我们一定要多读书呀!

《麦琪的礼物》是欧·亨利写的一篇非常有趣的作品，它主要讲述了圣诞节的前一天，住在公寓里的贫穷的一对夫妻给对方一个惊喜，可是她身上只有一元八角七分，她知道这一点钱不能买什么好的礼物给自己的丈夫，于是他把自己那美秀长如瀑布般的秀发剪了下来，给卖了，换了20元美元。吉姆也想给自己的老婆一个惊喜，于是也把自己名贵的手表给买了，德拉找遍了各家商店，花了最便宜的21美元，终于买了一条朴素的白色表链，吉姆买到了德拉梦寐以求的全套漂亮的梳子作为圣诞礼物。

从这本书我知道了，虽然表面上这对夫妻极不明智的为对方牺牲自己心爱的东西，给对方买东西，但我深深的明白了，因为他们彼此爱着对方，肯为对方牺牲自己最爱的东西，给彼此买东西，可是双方买了自己的东西，不适合对方的礼物了，而对方做的这件事都是为了彼此着想，没有考虑自己，还是非常非常的爱着对方，才会这样的结局。

我还知道，我们要懂得去爱对方，不能只为自己想，要关心别人，这样别人也会爱你的，正是要爱，人与人之间才会了解对方，人与人之间才有温情。与动物之间我们也会更加友好的。

我相信只有大家心中有着爱，我们的世界会更加的友好会更加的温馨快乐的!

"Book of medicine also, good reading can cure." Yes, now the society, newspapers, books and periodicals are all used to convey information, if a person is not reading, dont know the world, to keep up with the pace of the world, will be abandoned by the world.

Now, many encyclopedias, such as: "hundred thousand whys", the mystery of the world "and so on a wide variety, all kinds of books can give us many benefits, our world is so vast, some things in the world, and books have, encyclopedia like" dumb teachers diligently teach us knowledge. Visible, how useful book! Also, we learn knowledge also want to use in our daily life, to be accurate and determine whether to do so, the right to enrich our knowledge, the outside is good for our healthy growth. You said, a lot of the benefits of reading?

Nowadays, more and more of the books in the library, we should also learn to read and appreciate books, should put the book back on the in situ after the play, not just throw the place. Also, we must find a give us the knowledge of books to read, dont look at those who are not good for our growth.

In short, the benefits of reading. Come on! Let us to soar in the sky of knowledge fully!

“书犹药也，善读之可以医愈。”是啊，现在的社会，全都是用报纸、书刊来传达信息的，如果一个人不读书，就不会了解世界，跟不上世界的步伐，就会被世界所抛弃。

现在，许许多多的百科全书，如：《十万个为什么》、《世界未解之谜》等等五花八门、各种各样的书籍都能给我们许许多多的好处，我们的世界那么广阔，世界上有的东西，书本上也会有，百科全书就像“哑巴老师”一样孜孜不倦地教我们知识。可见，书多么有用啊!而且，我们学到的知识也要在日常生活中运用，要准确无误地判断这样做是否合适，从而丰富我们的课外知识，有利于我们健康的成长。你们说，读书的好处是不是很多呢?

如今，图书馆里的书越来越多，我们也要学会阅读和珍惜书本，看完后应该把书放回原位，而不是随便乱扔乱放。还有，我们一定要找给予我们知识的书阅读，不要看那些不益于我们成长的书。

总而言之，读书的好处数不胜数。来吧!让我们在知识的天空尽情地翱翔吧!

导语：父亲节快到了，你想给爸爸怎么过这个节日呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀英语作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

父亲节马上就要到了，但是有些同学不知道送什么礼物给父亲。请根据下面的提示进行适当扩展，并向同学们提出一些建议。80词左右，开头和结尾以给出(不计入总词数)。

提示：1.如果有足够的零花钱，可以为父亲买一些使用单不贵的东西，如领带等：

2.还可以为父亲做些力所能及的事情(do something that you can do),如为父亲准备一杯茶等他下班后饮用等。

【优秀满分范文】

Father’s Day is coming and you must be thinking of giving a present to your father. Different people like different kinds of gifts.

If you have enough pocket money, you can buy a useful but not expensive thing, like a tie. I think your father will like it. But if you don’t have enough pocket money, you can do something that you can do, for example, you can prepare a cup of tea. When your father comes back from work, he can drink it.

No matter what you do, the most important thing is to make your father happy on Father’s Day. Don’t you think so?

【参考译文】

父亲节就要到了，你一定想送礼物给你父亲。不同的人喜欢不同种类的礼物。

如果你有足够的零花钱，你可以买一件有用但不贵的东西，比如领带。我想你爸爸会喜欢的。但是，如果你没有足够的零花钱，你可以做一些你可以做的事情，例如，你可以准备一杯茶。当你父亲下班回来时，他可以喝。

无论你做什么，最重要的是让你父亲在父亲节快乐。你不这么认为吗?

As the development of the world, there is more and more entertainment for people to kill time. Reading used to be an important amusement. But now there are less and less people fond of reading. But there are still a large number of people stand on the side of reading. For me, I think reading is very important. The reasons are as following.

First of all, reading can broaden our vision. The main way we learn the things happen long time ago is according to the book. People will try their best to write the things in their stage in their way. When we read books, we have the opportunity to learn everything. The content in the books contains the knowledge all over the world and every aspect. We can read the knowledge about biography, science, technology, culture, economic and so on from the book. It is hard not to broaden vision from reading.

Secondly, reading can cultivate our taste. I am sure that reading some elegant sentence or the beautiful things described in the book will make us feel relax and comfortable. And we all know that the more knowledge a person has, the better-behaved he will be. I think this is the charming of reading. If there are more people like reading, the world will become more civilized.

The importance mentioned above just a part of reading. It has so many advantages that I can’t list all in a short time. It is irreplaceable in human beings’ life.

随着世界的发展，越来越多娱乐供人们消磨时光。阅读在过去常常就是一种重要的娱乐。但现在却越来越少人喜欢阅读了。但仍然还有很多人是喜欢看书的。对我来说，我认为阅读是很重要的。理由如下。

首先，阅读可以开阔我们的视野。我们了解很久以前发生的事情的主要方式是通过阅读。人们用他们自己的方式尽自己最大的努力写关于他们那个年代的事情。我们看书的时候，我们才有机会了解到一切。书中的内容包含知识的方方面面。通过书籍我们可以了解到关于传记，科学，技术，文化，经济等方面的知识。从阅读中，我们的视野很难不被拓宽。

其次，阅读可以陶冶我们的情操。我相信阅读一些优美的句子或者书中描述的美丽东西会使我们感到放松和舒适。我们都知道一个人拥有的知识越多，那个人就会表现得越好。我觉得这就是阅读的魅力。如果有更多的人喜欢阅读，这个世界会变得更加文明。

上面所提到的重要性只是其中一部分。阅读有很多的优点，在短时间内我都不能一一列举我不能列举。它在人类的生活中是不可替代的。

编者按：在教师节，我们都会想送老师礼物，表达我们的感激之情。小华的礼物是什么样的呢？让我们来看一下吧！

A Present for Teachers Day

Today is September 10. It is TeachersDay. Xiao Hua has been ill in bed for more than a week. Her teacher comes to her home to give her lessons after school every day. In order to show their respect, Xiao Hua and her mother decide to give the teacher a present.They make a big red flower. When the teacher arrives, Xiao Hua presents the flower to the teacher. She fastens it to the breast of her teacher s jacket, and says "Happy Teachers Day" to her. The teacher expresses her thanks and sets down to give her lessons. Xiao Huas mother pours a glass of water for the teacher and puts a lamp on the table.

教师节的礼物

今天是9月10日教师节。小华已得病一周多了，每天放学后她的老师都来到她家给她补课。为了表示对老师的尊敬，小华和她妈妈决定送给老师一件礼物。她们自制了一朵大红花。当老师到的时候，小华把它送给了老师，亲自把花钉在老师的胸前，并说道：“祝您教师节快乐。”老师感动极了，于是坐下来给她补课。小华的妈妈亲自为老师沏了一杯茶，然后又拿了一盏灯放在了书桌上。

今天是教师节

文章摘要：今天是教师节，我们一到校就举行了升旗帜仪式。升旗仪式开始了，升旗台后面的台子上站满了同学，他们手里都拿着一束束鲜花，等国旗升好后，他们便高声朗诵起了给老师的献词。

今天是教师节，我们一到校就举行了升旗帜仪式。升旗仪式开始了，升旗台后面的台子上站满了同学，他们手里都拿着一束束鲜花，等国旗升好后，他们便高声朗诵起了给老师的献词。过了一段时间，献词才结束，献词过后，我们回到了教室，把自己准备的小礼物送给老师。有的送花，有的送两、三块钱的小礼品，我送的是一个水晶蜡烛，老师很高兴地收下了我的礼物，还说了一句：“嗯，不错，很漂亮。”听了老师的话，我的心里美滋滋了。下课了，班长说：“待会上课的时候我们给老师来一下大惊喜吧。”同学们纷纷说：“好啊，好啊”上课了，老师刚一进教室，我们就齐声喊：“祝老师节日快乐！”老师惊讶地望着我们，这时班长也从门后面走出来，站在讲台上，高声念着她自己写的演讲稿：“老师，您像蜡烛一样牺牲自己，照亮我们”，老师听了以后，笑得就像一朵盛开的花一样。今天真是一个快乐的教师节！

名师点评：作文生动地记述了同学们给老师过教师节的故事。小作者先介绍了学校的升旗仪式，然后再描写班级的教师节活动。同学们动情的话语，以及为老师精心准备了礼物，感动了老师，也感动了我们这些读者。从文中可以看出同学们对老师的爱，“老师听了以后，笑得就像一朵盛开的花一样”，也可以感受到老师的欣慰，展现出了师生之间的融洽。

这篇文章写得不错，条理清晰、感情真挚，富有感染力。不过小作者要注意省略号不能用句号代替。“待会上课的时候我们给老师来一下大惊喜吧”改为“待会上课的时候我们给老师一个大惊喜吧”。

①专家是近年来的一个流行名词，凡受高等教育的人都希望能成专家。专家的时髦性可说是今日学术界的最大流弊。学问分门别类，除因人的精力有限之外，乃是为求研究的便利，并非说各门之间真有深渊相隔。学问全境就是一种对于宇宙人生全境的探讨与追求，各门各科不过是由各种不同的方向与立场去研究全部的宇宙人生而已。政治学由政治活动方面去观察人类的全部生活，经济学由经济活动方面去观察人类的全部生活。但人生是整个的，支离破碎之后就不是真正的人生。为研究的便利，不妨分工;但我们若欲求得彻底的智慧，就必须旁通本门以外的知识。各种自然科学对于宇宙的分析，也只有方法与立场的不同，对象都是同一的大自然界。在自然科学的发展史上，凡是有划时代的贡献的人，没有一个是死抱一隅之见的人。如牛顿或达尔文，不只精通物理学或生物学，他们各对当时的一切学术都有兴趣，都有运用自如的理解力。他们虽无哲学家之名，却有哲学家之实。他们是专家，但又超过专家;他们是通人。这一点总是为今日的一些专家或希望作专家的人所忽略。

②假定某人为考据专家，对某科的某一部分都能详述原委，作一篇考证文字，足注能超出正文两三倍;但对今日政治经济社会的局面完全隔阂，或只有幼稚的观感，对今日科学界的大概情形一概不知，对于历史文化的整个发展丝毫不感兴趣。这样一个人，只能称为考据匠，若恭维一句，也不过是专家而已。又如一个科学家，终日在实验室与仪器及实验品为伍，此外不知尚有世界。这样一个人，可被社会崇拜为大科学家，但实际并非一个全人，他的精神上之残废就与身体上之足跛耳聋没有多少分别。

③再进一步。今日学术的专门化，并不限于科门之间，一科之内往往又分化为许多的细目，各有专家。例如一个普通所谓历史专家，必须为经济史专家，或汉史专家，甚或某一时代的经济史专家，或汉代某一小段的专家。太专之后，不只对史学以外的学问不感兴味，即对所专以外的史学部分也渐疏远，甚至不能了解。此种人或可称为历史专家，但不能算为历史家。片段的研究无论如何重要，对历史若真欲明了，却非注意全局不可。

④今日学术界所忘记的，就是一个人除作专家外，也要作人，并且必须作人。一个十足的人，在一般生活上讲，是全人，由学术的立场讲，是通人。我们时常见到喜欢说话的专家，会发出非常幼稚的议论。这就是因为他们只是专家，而不是通人，一离本门，立刻就要迷路。他们对于所专的科目在全部学术中所占的地位完全不知，所以除所专的范围外，若一发言，不是幼稚，就是隔膜。

⑤学术界太专的趋势与高等教育制度有密切的关系。今日大学各系的课程，为求专精与研究的美名，舍本逐末，基本的课程不是根本不设，就是敷衍塞责，而外国大学研究院的大部课程在我们只有本科的大学内反倒都可以找到。学生对本门已感应接不暇，当然难以再求旁通。一般的学生，因根基的太狭太薄，真正的精通□谈不到，广泛的博通□无从求得;结果各大学每年只送出一批一批半生不熟的智识青年，既不能作深刻的专门研究，又不能正当地应付复杂的人生。近年来教育当局与大学教师，无论如何的善于自辩自解，对此实难辞咎。抗战其间，各部门都感到人才的缺乏。我们所缺乏的人才，主要的不在量，而在质。雕虫小技的人才并不算少。但无论作学问，或是作事业，所需要的都是眼光远大的人才。

⑥要作学问，二十岁前后是最重要的关键，这正是大学生的在校时期。品格、风趣、嗜好，大半要在此时来作最后的决定。此时若对学问兴趣立下广泛的基础，将来的工作无论如何专精，也不致于害精神偏枯病。若在大学期间，就造成一个眼光短浅的学究，将来若要再作由专而博的功夫，其难真是有如登天。今日各种的学术都过于复杂深奥，无人能再望作一个活的百科全书的亚里士多德。但对一门精通一切，对各门略知梗概，仍当是学者的最高理想。二十世纪为人类有史以来最复杂最有趣的时代，今日求知的机会也可谓空前;生今之世，而甘作井底之蛙，岂不冤枉可惜?因为人力之有限，每人或者不免要各据一井去活动，但我们不妨时常爬出井外，去领略一下全部天空的伟大!

1.第①段中死抱一隅之见的人是指__________________。(2分)

2.下列对第③段中画线句的作用分析错误的一项是___(3分)

A.表明作者在这之前已经从另外一个方面或角度论证了自己的观点。

B.过渡到下文从学科内部细分的现状这一角度论证专家要注意全局。

C.提示下文对专家在学科研究中要注重全局的论证深入了一个层次。

D.强调作者对历史专家与历史家的区分，进一步反对只专一门。

3. 第⑤段中作者认为造成学术界太专的趋势的原因是_____________________________。(2分)

4. 联系上下文，为第⑤段画线句选项填空，简述理由。 (3分)

(1)也 更 (2)既 又

选项___ 理由：____________________________________________________________________

5. 联系全文，概述培养通人的重要性。( 5分)

______________________________________________________________________________

6.从下列人物中任选一位，分析他为什么是通人。(不超过45字)(4分)

鲁迅 朱光潜 马克思 爱因斯坦

______________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

(一)(17分) 1.(2分)只关注自己的研究方向、方法与立场的人(程度1分，关注点1分) 2.(3分)D 3. (2分)大学轻基本课程，求专精与研究的美名(一点1分) 4. (3分)(2) 真正的精通与做深刻的专门研究照应，广泛的博通与正当地应付复杂的人生照应，根据后者的并列关系可以判定：作者主张要广泛的博通，真正的精通虽然程度较深，却不是作者要强调的，据此判断。(选项1分，答对一点理由即得2分) 5. ( 5分)培养通人，有利于追求学问的全境，有利于做一个十足的人，有利于青年的长远发展，也符合二十世纪的时代需求。(一点1分，两点3分，三点4分) 6.(4分)马克思在政治经济学、哲学领域有杰出贡献，在数学等领域也有独到发现，所以他是通人。(一点2分，两点3分)

There were three of them. There were four of us, and April lay on the campsite and on the river, a mixture of dawn at a damp extreme and the sun in the leaves at cajole. This was Deer Lodge on the Pine River in Ossipee, New Hampshire, though the lodge was naught but a foundation remnant in the earth. Brother Bentleys father, Oren, had found this place sometime after the First World War, a foreign affair that had seriously done him no good but he found solitude abounding here. Now we were here, post World War II, post Korean War, Vietnam War on the brink. So much learned, so much yet to learn.

Peace then was everywhere about us, in the riot of young leaves, in the spree of bird confusion and chatter, in the struggle of pre-dawn animals for the start of a new day, a Cooper Hawk that had smashed down through trees for a squealing rabbit, yap of a fox at a youngster, a skunk at rooting.

We had pitched camp in the near darkness, Ed LeBlanc, Brother Bentley, Walter Ruszkowski, myself. A dozen or more years we had been here, and seen no one. Now, into our campsite deep in the forest, so deep that at times we had to rebuild sections of narrow road (more a loggers path) flushed out by earlier rains, deep enough where we thought wed again have no traffic, came a growling engine, an old solid body van, a Chevy, the kind I had driven for Frankie Pike and the Lobster Pound in Lynn delivering lobsters throughout the Merrimack Valley. It had pre-WW II high fenders, a faded black paint on a body youd swear had been hammered out of corrugated steel, and an engine that made sounds too angry and too early for the start of day. Two elderly men, we supposed in their seventies, sat the front seat; felt hats at the slouch and decorated with an assortment of tied flies like a miniature bandoleer of ammunition on the band. They could have been conscripts for Emilano Zappata, so loaded their hats and their vests as they climbed out of the truck.

"Mornin, been yet?" one of them said as he pulled his boots up from the folds at his knees, the tops of them as wide as a big mouth bass coming up from the bottom for a frog sitting on a lily pad. His hands were large, the fingers long and I could picture them in a shop barn working a primal plane across the face of a maple board. Custom-made, old elegance, those hands said.

"Barely had coffee," Ed LeBlanc said, the most vocal of the four of us, quickest at friendship, at shaking hands. "Weve got a whole pot almost. Have what you want." The pot was pointed out sitting on a hunk of grill across the stones of our fire, flames licking lightly at its sides. The pot appeared as if it had been at war, a number of dents scarred it, the handle had evidently been replaced, and if not adjusted against a small rock it would have fallen over for sure. Once, a half-hour on the road heading north, noting it missing, wed gone back to get it. When we fished the Pine River, coffee was the glue, the morning glue, the late evening glue, even though wed often unearth our beer from a natural cooler in early evening. Coffee, camp coffee, has a ritual. It is thick, it is dark, it is potboiled over a squaw-pine fire, it is strong, it is enough to wake the demon in you, stoke last evenings cheese and pepperoni. First man up makes the fire, second man the coffee; but into that pot has to go fresh eggshells to hold the grounds down, give coffee a taste of history, a sense of place. That means at least one egg be cracked open for its shells, usually in the shadows and glimmers of false dawn. I suspect thats where "scrambled eggs" originated, from some camp like ours, settlers rushing west, lumberjacks hungry, hoboes lobbying for breakfast. So, camp coffee has made its way into poems, gatherings, memories, a time and thing not letting go, not being manhandled, not being cast aside.

英语作文阅读：AnEmptyBox

Once upon a time, a man punished his 5-year-old daughter for using up the familys only roll of expensive gold wrapping paper. Money was tight, and he became even more upset when on Christmas Eve, he saw that the child had pasted the gold paper so as to decorate a shoebox to put under the Christmas tree.

Nevertheless, the next morning the little girl, filled with excitement, brought the gift box to her father and said, "This is for you, Daddy!"

As he opened the box, the father was embarrassed by his earlier overreaction.

But when he opened it, he found it was empty and again his anger flared. "Dont you know, young lady, " he said harshly, "when you give someone a present theres supposed to be something inside the package!"

The little girl looked up at him with tears rolling from her eyes and said: "Daddy, its not empty. I blew kisses into it until it was all full."

The father was crushed. He fell on his knees and put his arms around his precious little girl. He begged her to forgive him for his unnecessary anger.

An accident took the life of the child only a short time later. It is told that the father kept that little gold box by his bed for all the years of his life. Whenever he was discouraged or faced difficult problems he would open the box, take out an imaginary kiss, and remember the love of this beautiful child who had put it there.

In a very real sense, each of us as human beings have been given an invisible golden box filled with unconditional love and kisses from our children, family, friends and God.

There is no more precious possession anyone could hold.

英语作文阅读：HappinessEquateswithFun

I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such a glamorous, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful inpiduals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells "happiness".

But in memoir after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children, profound loneliness.

The way people cling to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually diminishes their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.

英语作文阅读：TodayisaGift

Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. His bed was next to the room‘s only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back. The men talked for hours on end.

They spoke of their wives and families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, where they had been on vacation. And every afternoon when the man in the bed by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.

The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amidst flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees graced the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in exquisite detail, the man on the other side of the room would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scene.

One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man couldn‘t hear the band - he could see it in his mind‘s eye as the gentleman by the window portrayed it with descriptive words.

Days and weeks passed. One morning, the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.

As soon as it seemed appropriate, the other man asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. Slowly and painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself. He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall.

The man asked the nurse what could have compelled his deceased roommate who had described such wonderful things outside this window. The nurse responded that the man was blind and could not even see the wall. She said, "Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you."

英语作文阅读：IsPackingImportanttoYou

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had admired a beautiful sports car in a dealers showroom, and knowing his father could well afford it, he told him that was all he wanted.

As Graduation Day approached, the young man awaited signs that his father had purchased the car. Finally, on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his private study. His father told him how proud he was to have such a fine son, and told him how much he loved him. He handed his son a beautiful wrapped gift box. Curious, but somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and found a lovely, leather-bound Bible, with the young mans name embossed in gold.

Angrily, he raised his voice to his father and said, "With all your money you give me a Bible?" He then stormed out of the house, leaving the Bible.

Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business. He had a beautiful home and a wonderful family, but realizing his father was very old, he thought perhaps he should go to see him. He had not seen him since that graduation day. Before he could make the arrangements, he received a telegram telling him his father had passed away, and willed all of his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and take care of things.

When he arrived at his fathers house, sudden sadness and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his fathers important papers and saw the still new Bible, just as he had left it years ago.

With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages. As he was reading, a car key dropped from the back of the Bible. It had a tag with the dealers name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had desired. On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words… "PAID IN FULL".

How many times do we miss blessings because they are not packaged as we expected? I trust you enjoyed this. Do not spoil what you have by desiring what you have not; but remember that what you now have was once among the things you only hoped for. Sometimes we dont realize the good fortune we have or we could have because we expect "the packaging" to be different. What may appear as bad fortune may in fact be the door that is just waiting to be opened.

英语作文阅读：TheBabyEagle

Once upon a time there was a baby eagle living in a nest perched on a cliff overlooking a beautiful valley with waterfalls and streams, trees and lots of little animals, scurrying about enjoying their lives.

The baby eagle liked the nest. It was the only world he had ever known. It was warm and comfortable, had a great view, and even better, he had all the food and love and attention that a great mother eagle could provide. Many times each day the mother would swoop down from the sky and land in the nest and feed the baby eagle delicious morsels of food. She was like a god to him, he had no idea where she came from or how she worked her magic.

The baby eagle was hungry all the time, but the mother eagle would always come just in time with the food and love and attention he craved. The baby eagle grew strong. His vision grew very sharp. He felt good all the time.

Until one day, the mother stopped coming to the nest.

The baby eagle was hungry. "Im sure to die," said the baby eagle, all the time.

"Very soon, death is coming," he cried, with tears streaming down his face. Over and over. But there was no one there to hear him.

Then one day the mother eagle appeared at the top of the mountain cliff, with a big bowl of delicious food and she looked down at her baby. The baby looked up at the mother and cried "Why did you abandon me? Im going to die any minute. How could you do this to me?"

The mother said, "Here is some very tasty and nourishing food, all you have to do is come get it."

"Come get it!" said the baby, with much anger. "How?"

The mother flew away.

The baby cried and cried and cried.

A few days later, "Im going to end it all," he said. "I give up. It is time for me to die."

He didnt know his mother was nearby. She swooped down to the nest with his last meal.

"Eat this, its your last meal," she said.

The baby cried, but he ate and whined and whined about what a bad mother she was.

"Youre a terrible mother," he said. Then she pushed him out of the nest.

He fell.

Head first.

Picked up speed.

Faster and faster.

He screamed. "Im dying Im dying," he cried. He picked up more speed.

He looked up at his mother. "How could you do this to me?"

He looked down.

The ground rushed closer, faster and faster. He could visualize his own death so clearly, coming so soon, and cried and whined and complained. "This isnt fair!" he screamed.

Something strange happens.

The air caught behind his arms and they snapped away from his body, with a feeling unlike anything he had ever experienced. He looked down and saw the sky. He wasnt moving towards the ground anymore, his eyes were pointed up at the sun.

"Huh?" he said. "What is going on here!"

"Youre flying," his mother said.

"This is fun!" laughed the baby eagle, as he soared and ped and swooped.

"Yes it is!" said the mother.

[英语作文阅读：The Three Fishermen

碎片阅读是一种读者通过手机、电子书、网络等进行的不完整的、断断续续的阅读模式。下面语文迷小编为大家提供了碎片阅读的好处英语作文，希望对你有帮助。

Many people read on digital devices like cell phones and e-books. The fast pace of life leaves many people no time to sit and read a whole book, so making use of fragmented time to read is sure to be a trend. Fragmented reading has its advantages. People can get hold of large amounts of information, knowledge, and entertainment in a short time. Digital reading is faster and more interactive than traditional deep reading.

Fragmented reading makes it harder for people to reflect on what they read. People may not bother to remember facts because they know they can always just search for answers online. It is important to read quality books in a deeper way, even if that means forcing yourself to do so. We read not only for knowledge and for practical use, but also for spiritual satisfaction.

《麦琪的礼物》是美国短篇小说大师欧·亨利作品的选集。书中，社会上那些巧取豪夺，坑蒙拐骗，利欲熏心，尔虞我诈的“上流人物”，“得意之徒”们的丑恶行径，被揭露无遗。通过他们的种种表现，形象逼真，不拘一格地向读者展现了“文明社会”的黑暗与滑稽本质，弱肉强食与天良丧尽的现实，并喻示在金钱万能，唯利是图的生存环境中，人性的异化和畸变。

然而在众多对丑恶人性的描写之中，也不乏许多使人肃然起敬的“小人物”，让人对荒诞，滑稽的故事漠然一笑之后，感慨万千。留给我印象最深的是《麦琪的礼物》这篇文章，它让我真正领略到了人性的魅力。

有些人认为钱是万能的，有了钱就拥有了一切，但我一直坚信真挚的感情是无价的。即使你有千百万，那也换不来真正的感情。或许金钱让你获得一些感情，但那些都是虚伪的。当你不再拥有万贯金钱时，虚伪的感情便会破裂，最终留给你的是万分痛苦。

《麦琪的礼物》就是因为金钱而引发的一系列故事。一对夫妻因为想给对方买一件圣诞礼物而舍弃了自己的心爱之物。可惜最后彼此的礼物却都失去了使用价值，但他们都得到了人世间最宝贵的礼物———彼此的真情。我认为他们是幸福的，虽然他们很穷，生活拮据，但在他们心中，金钱并不重要，重要的是对方的真情，只要拥有它，他们感到比有钱的富翁幸福百倍。

换一个角度来看，假如小说中女主人公德拉家财万贯，即使她买了昂贵礼物也看不出真情所在，杰姆也就不会感到那么幸福了。德拉美丽的头发，杰姆珍贵的金表，两样各自引以为自豪的东西都失去了。他们本来想让对方更加美丽，却使礼物失去了使用价值，然而他们更加感到幸福。正像作者所说：“在所有馈赠礼物的人当中，他们两个是最聪明的。“我想，在一切接受礼物的人当中，他们也是最幸福的。许多人都会羡慕这对夫妻。

也许有人会认为，吉姆和德拉都很“傻”，他们极不明智地为了对方而牺牲了他们最最宝贵的东西，这个故事似乎显得荒诞无意义。其实不然，故事里出现的有些夸张的偶然，让两位生活在困窘中的主人公显得有些捉襟见肘，而通过这个带着些悲剧情调的故事，我们从一个角度感受到欧亨利为我们传达的从苍凉中透出的温暖——关于“礼物”的价值。吉姆和德拉，即使只是生活在社会底层的小人物，却拥有着对生活的热情和对对方的深爱，在这些温暖的感情面前，贫困可以变得微不足道。在圣诞节前夕，两个人还想着要为对方买一件礼物互赠，多么浪漫多么温馨。即使这一份礼物似乎失去了使用的价值，它们却成了世间最珍贵的礼物，变成一份真挚的爱赠给了对方.麦琪是聪明人，聪明绝顶的人，由于他们是聪明人，毫无疑问，他们的礼物也是聪明的礼物。而我们的吉姆和德拉，虽然极不明智地为了对方而牺牲了他们最最宝贵的东西。不过，让我们对现今的聪明人说最后一句话，在一切馈赠礼品的人当中，那两个人是最聪明的。在一切馈赠又接收礼品的人当中，像他们两个这样的人也是最聪明的。无论在任何地方，他们都是最聪明的人。他们用自己美丽的心灵赠给对方的是一件无价之宝。而这件无价之宝，确实世间任何自认聪明或富有的人永远不会，也不能给予的礼物。

也许，有些人会对此不屑一顾，无法理解他们的做法。假如万贯家财和一份真挚的感情同时放在你面前，你会选哪一样呢?我会毫不犹豫地选择那份感情，因为真挚的感情是无价的!我相信真心的付出终会有真诚的回报，拥有真情才能拥有幸福。

Books are so familiar with, opened the book and it is so common fonts, but contains the new knowledge, for us to explore.

Book is the key to open the heart, no matter what setbacks and difficulties, it will teach us how to do, to solve every thing, and improve our courage.

Book is also with the friends I grew up, of course, it also grew up in day by day, a grow up will have new knowledge, and I will learn it.

We can keep learning as a meaningful, you are interested, danger, there are exciting adventures, observe good each place, each place the difficulties, perseverance, courage leaned down, no matter how difficult and dangerous, walk to the end, is the winner, to get the happiness, happy to get the interest, with interest will naturally want to continue to explore, gain confidence, confidence inspires you to move forward.

In the book, the hidden profound knowledge, make you curious to know, to understand and satisfy your curiosity, so you can discover more secrets, explore constantly, constantly thinking, continuous deep, increasing knowledge, constantly find, let confidence unceasingly, in the end...

书是那么的熟悉，翻开书又是那么常见的字体，但却包含着全新的知识，都要我们去探索。

书是打开心灵的钥匙，不管遇到什么挫折和困难，它都会教导我们该怎样去做，解决好每一件事，并提高我们的勇气。

当然，书也是陪伴我长大的朋友，其实它也在一天天长大，一长大就有了新的知识，而我却要学习它的知识。

我们可以把学习当做一个有意义， 有兴趣， 有危险， 有刺激的探险旅程，观察好每一处，每一处带来的困难，坚持不懈，勇往直前的探下去，不管有多么困难和危险，走到最后，就是胜利者，顺利获得了快乐，快乐获得了兴趣，有了兴趣就自然想继续探索，获得信心，信心激发你前进。

在书里，隐藏着深奥的知识，让你充满好奇的去认识，去领悟，满足你的好奇心，因此你会发现更多的秘密，不断探究，不断思考，不断深索，不断增长知识，不断发觉，不断让信心增强，到最后……

if we have a book ,we will not be felling of being longly.

When Im free or in trouble, I always take out a book and read quietly. In no time, Ive put my heart into it so that Ill forget all the troubles. Its in this way that Ive formed the habit of reading in any time.

Little boys as I was, I was interest in picture books and storybooks. I was struck by them. No sooner had I entered the middle school than I began to read novel, plays, essays and so on. I found I could get much from them. Little by little I took great interest in literature and last term I won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in Zhe Jiang.

Reading “The Emperors New Clothes”, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. “The Little Match Girl” couldnt keep me from crying for her misery. “ Robinson Crusoe” took me into a strange world full of danger. And I was also deeply impressed by Helen Kellers patience and perseverance… Besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong.

In a word, good books can make me know what I didnt before. So I think of a good book as my best friend.Ill never forget this famous saying,“ Good books are best friends who never turn their backs upon us.

两元八角七分，也全都在这儿了——这些钱是这一个月以来吉姆拼命工作所额外赚来的。他白天上班，晚上回家，等妻子入睡后，又偷偷起来替别人抄手稿。然而这一份稿件才几分钱的微薄收入又怎能为德拉买件精美的礼物呢？明天，就是圣诞节了！

他打了个哈欠，努力将腰身正了一正，却又控制不住地塌了下去。发黄的面庞中露出了一丝无耐。那枯黄的年轻面颊像他们住的公寓一样苍白无力，毫无生气。但一想到妻子德拉那热切的声音，还有那棕黄色的美丽长发后，微笑就渐渐浮上了他的脸。那双美丽的绿色眼睛中又发出了快乐与明亮的光芒。

在他心中，他的生命里只有一个人和两样东西值得一提：一是爱妻德拉，二是德拉那美丽的如同棕色瀑布一般的长发，还有自己祖父传下来的一块金表。但这三样都各有遗憾：德拉在这贫寒的家里受了多少苦？她那美丽秀发又没有一把像样的梳子去梳。而那名贵的传家金表，却又因是个破表链，而不太好意思带在手上。

吉姆趁没人的机会，偷偷将表拿出，仔细翻看着。那一根细细的秒针映着光辉，显得无比耀眼。嘀嘀嗒嗒有节奏地律动着。他痴痴地望着表盘，看时间飞速流过。离圣诞节，越来越近……他突然打了一个机灵——一个念头突然萌生。他用右手轻轻抚摸着那块金光闪闪的表，悄声说了一句“对不起了”，便把它快速揣进口袋，向上司随便找了个借口便出去了。

他一路上心不在焉，却突然在一家表店门口停住了脚步。他又把那两元八角七分拿出来看了看，叹了一口气，迈开脚走了进去。出来时，他已是满面红光，手在口袋里紧紧攥着那一打钱——三十元！迈开大步向闹市区走去。一两个小时过去了，他的手里终于捧好了一个精致秀美的小木盒——里面装着那份珍贵的圣诞礼物。他快步回家，极想见到德拉那惊讶与幸福的表情。

“英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。它既不像故事那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；更不像科幻作品那样富于想象和虚构夸张。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。

一、说明文阅读理解的特征 一般说来，英语说明文与其它文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即Who→What→When→Where→How→Why。

1. Who：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物）

2. What：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途）

3. When和Where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途）

4. How：通过什么方式表现出来的？

5. Why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做说明文阅读阅读的时候，一定要记住上面的Wh-word。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。

二．说明文阅读理解的类型 掌握说明文阅读理解题的类型对考生来说非常有必要。一般来说，高考对阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下几种：

1. 细节理解题

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点。⑴在列举处命题。如用First(1y)、Second(1y)、Third(1y)Finally、not only…but also、then、in addition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题。句中常用由as、such as、for example、for instance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命题。一般通过however、but、yet、in fact等词语来引导。对比用unlike、until、not so much…as等词语引导，命题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题。无端的比较、

相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题。包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

细节类问题一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

2. 语义猜测题 说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以The underlined part “…” in Paragraph…refers to….或What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式。解题时考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入句等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。说明文在阐述说明对象时易发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以 it，they，them 等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

3. 主旨理解题

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以This passage mainly talks about ____.What is the main idea of the passage?为设问方式。这种试题多以This passage mainly talks about the major

surprising findings about….为回答方法。答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

4. 判断推理题。

这种试题常以The passage is intended to...(2) The author suggests that...(3) The story implies that…(4) Which point of view may the author agree to?(5) From the passage we can conclude that...(6) The purpose of the passage is to...为设问方式。这种题型的答案在原文中不是直接就能找到的，它要求考生进行合理的推断。如因果关系，文中的某些用词、语气也往往具有隐含意义，考生要将这种含义读出来。说明文常出现图示判断题，这种试题可以事物之间正确的依赖关系为命题点，要求考生判断其正确的流程顺序相互关系等。考生一定要认真阅读原文，并对照原文介绍的情况，弄清图示的差异，根据题干需要最终做出正确判断。如：动物介绍性说明文常出现动物能力判断题，考查考生对特定动物所具有能力的判断。解题时考生应认真阅读原文对动物形态活动能力的判断，了解动物的生存环境和是否会使用工具，是否善于爬行、飞翔和游泳等。

观点态度题也是判断推理题考查的内容之一。说明文的对象为客观事实,但设题以议论的表达方式抒发对该说明对象的想法。如对某种新发明的赞赏,或对某个事物的批判。这类题目常见的题干表达方式有"What was the author?s attitude towards ...?" 等。

【实例探究】 Northwest China is part of the sandstorm centre in Central Asia. Sandstorms begin in desert areas. Sandstorms in China appear to have increased in recent years as a result of "desertification". This is a process that happens when land becomes desert because of climate changes and because people cut down trees and dig up grass.

【问题设计】

According to the passage which is NOT likely to cause "desertification"?

A. Climate changes. B. Cutting down trees.

C. Digging up grass. D. Saving water.