关于快乐的英语作文范文三篇 作文高中(通用20篇)

成长像苹果一样，甜甜的；成长像青梅一样，酸酸的；成长像橄榄一样，涩涩的……正因为这些滋味，童年生活才变得如此美妙。

当我第一次惊喜地迈着蹒跚的步子走路时；第一次从嘴里蹦出“爸爸、妈妈”时，快乐充满了我小小的身体，遗憾的是我不会用词汇来表达我心中的喜悦，只能用面部表情来展现。

当我第一次迈着稚嫩的步子走进幼稚园的大门，看到我心中的“天堂”时，我“耶哈！”地惊叫着，欢天喜地地跑进小小班。慢慢地，我爱上了这里的一草一木，这里的老师、小朋友……这一晃三年，我就要大班毕业了。我回忆着在这里的喜怒哀乐。真有一种恋恋不舍的感觉。那天，我是痛哭着被妈妈带出幼稚园的，走一步，回一次头。幼稚园的老师安慰我：“不要哭，走吧！因为你还要上小学、初中呀！”听了老师的话，我终于破涕为笑，欢欢喜喜地走了。

当我第一次踏进淮师附小时，看到一本本散发着油墨香味的书，我小心翼翼地把书放入书包里，回家包上了精美的书皮；兴奋地自学着每一个汉字，不肯放下。

当我从书本里学会制作“韩国辣白菜”时，我兴致勃勃地回家操作，虽然把脸弄得像小花猫似的，但经过我的努力，终于做好了。尝了一口，“哇——”，真辣！原来是我把辣椒放多了。虽说不好吃，但我心里还是乐滋滋的。

现在，我已四年级了，已经完全熟悉了小学生活，上课、下课、放学……每天很忙很忙，却收获了更多快乐：作文被登到校月刊上、作文获得一等奖、手抄报获奖、绘画得奖，设计的环保服装得奖……每一次，我的心里都乐开了花。

我在长大，我很快乐。现在，回过神来，嘴角还在上扬；心儿还在跳着，写下了这成长中的无限快乐。

如果我问你什么是快乐？有的人说快乐是有玩具；有的人说快乐是有钱；有的人说快乐是有家庭

如果有人问我什么是什么是快乐？？我会干脆地回答：当然是我自己靠自己的能力完成我完成不了的事。那时的快乐是什么也比不了的！

我小时候比较要强，做什么事都不要别人帮忙。但是往往不用别人帮忙的事都失败。因为我还小。做什么事情都笨手笨脚的。不想大人一样做事情都很稳。

有一次，家里来了客人，吃完饭后大人们把桌子收拾干净。这是就看是打麻将了。我就在一旁看着。直到很晚。大人们都打完了，打累了。我开始在一旁玩耍麻将。把麻将摆成一大串的奇形怪状的物体。然后一块一块的拆下来。但是摞起来容易拆下来难啊！就剩四块的时候，砰一声麻将都落在了桌子上。我开始气馁了，妈妈看见过来安慰我：宝贝，干什么事情要有耐心，不要半途而废。再来一次。你一定行的，妈妈相信你。我听了后信心大增。又摆起高难度的来。然后一个一个拆。还剩六个了，听一听，别紧张。我一定可以的。不能让客人和家人么失望！我心里想。就剩下最后五块了我这是开始小心翼翼的拆。生怕再向前面一样掉下来。剩下四块了。我嘴里还小声嘟囔着：妈妈不要帮忙，妈妈不要帮忙，儿子一定可以。相信我吧！剩下最后三块了。我、家人、客人都屏住呼吸。看着我拆下倒数第三块麻将。倒数第三块很不好拿下来。一拿上面就跟着掉下来了。我很矛盾。不知怎么办。仔细一思考，还是拿上面的吧，那样下面的就不会掉下来了。拿下了。还剩两块，我依次拿了下来，：耶！我拿下来了！！我成功了，真棒！！我靠着自己的能力完成了，我长大了！！我高兴地喊出声。妈妈、爸爸、客人们都为我鼓掌。妈妈慷慨激昂的说：儿子、宝贝。。我太激动了，都不知道该怎么叫你了！你这次怎的长大了真的没让妈妈失望。真的，以前你真的什么都不懂，现在你居然自己凭自己的力量完成了你所不能完成的事。真不愧是我的儿子。。随人这世是件微不足道的事情。但是你的年龄在这里摆着呢。我相信你以后一定会出大器的。我听了妈妈的话以后吃了蜜还甜呢。心里想：妈妈竟给我如此大的鼓励，我一定不可以让妈妈失望。以后无论做什么事都要稳住。无论如何我的心里真的好快乐。太快乐了。

我相信没有人比我此时还快乐。此时我觉得没有人比我更快乐了！我此时感觉这我真的长大了，不会再像小时候那样淘气、笨手笨脚、失败的我了。

寒冬来临，雪妺妺给大地母亲穿上一件白白的大棉祆，我正迷迷呼呼地睡着，妺妹说：“哥哥外面下了很大的雪”。

我一骨碌从被窝里趴出来，趴到窗前一看，一阵凉风向我吹来，下雪了!房顶、树上全都戴上一层厚厚的帽子，我穿上衣服走在田野里，一眼望去看不见近头，我走在雪地上一踩一个脚印似乎给大地增添了一丝风景，一阵寒风打在我那的脸上我冷的直打哆嗦。我像兔孑一样蹦着回到家我被爸爸给叮上了，“你干嘛去了还不去写作业”“oh不，爸爸今天太冷了我写不了作业，明天在写我要给自已一些快乐。”

我拿起手机把我的朋友叫来到我家玩，我们为了找到更好玩的想了很的点孑，比如，打雪仗堆雪人等等，“不如烤火吧。”一个熟悉的声音从耳朵传来，大家纷纷赞成，我说了一句烤火容易找燃料和点火怎么办，“不急”我有办法过了十来分钟燃料来了，这下可以了天里不容，火点不着这下该怎么办，我们试了很多办法就是行不通这下大家都很急，我们无奈的只好散了就在这时我爸爸来了说：“我来帮你们点火还不简单。”我顿时觉得爸爸文化水平不高，但生活水平不同凡想，这样火终于点着了We chatted，sitting arond the fire。All is still at night。(我们围在火堆旁聊天)，展示着自已一材艺，我的爸爸讲了一个很幽默的笑话使我们笑的合不开嘴，一旁失去生机的树似呼又回到以前的年轻。小草似乎有了生命一样。

可昰那段时间过的很快，我希望将那段快乐的时光变成冰晶放进冰箱。想的时候拿出来看一看，化了又放入冰箱。希望时间婆婆能将那段快乐的时光永远保存起来，但我知道那是不可能事。

给自已一些快乐，让它在心里发芽，总有一天，它会长成一棵大树!给生活一丝放松，我会觉得生活快乐无比。

Mid-Autumn Day，all the country is celebrating。 The streets are full of people， the loves are holding each other tightily。Everyone has his day。However，I am lonely。No one to hold，no one to kiss，no one to talk!

I was walking around the street without purpose，seeing the lovers kissing，watching the fireworkes alone，walking backe room whist。

Suddenly，i think i must be good to myself。So i decied to bue a present to myself。I know I will be good soon，and will find my Mr。Right。So tonight， a little teddy bear will sleep with me。And i know:i will have another teddy bear as a present that not bought from myself!

中秋节，全国各地都在庆祝。街上到处都是人，爱情紧紧相依。每个人都有他的一天。但是，我很孤独。没有人可以抱，没有人亲吻，没有人来谈论!

我无条件地走在街上，看到恋人们亲吻，独自看着烟火，走回来的房间。

突然间，我觉得我必须对自己好。所以我决定给自己一件礼物。我知道我很快就会好起来的，会找到我的Mr.Right。所以今晚，一只小泰迪熊会和我一起睡觉。我知道：我会买另一只泰迪熊作为礼物而不是我自己买的!

I’m very glad to tell you about my winter holiday .It will be both relaxing and meanful . Let me tell you in detail.

First, studying is the most important thing for me, so I have to finish my homework carefully and do lots of exercises everyday .I’ll probably have two or three lessons so that I can make more progress.

Then I should do sports at the same time. Not only because the PE exam in next term, but also for my own health.

Phsics interests me a lot ,and I also like to read some books about it in my free time ．At the end of the vacation,maybe I’ll go sighting with some friends and some books to another city .

I think my plan is the best possible one .I’m hopeful the winter holiday will come soon .

Everyone has their own dreams, I am the same. But my dream is not a lawyer, not a doctor, not actors, not even an industry. Perhaps my dream big people will find it ridiculous, but this has been my pursuit! My dream is to want to have a folk life! I want it to become a beautiful painting, it is not only sharp colors, but also the colors are bleak, I do not rule out the painting is part of the black, but I will treasure these bleak colors! Not yet, how about, a colorful painting, if not bleak, add color, how can it more prominent American? Life is like painting, painting the bright red color represents life beautiful happy moments. Painting a bleak color represents life difficult, unpleasant time. You may find a flat with a beautiful road is not very good yet, but I do not think it will. If a person lives flat then what is the point? Life is only a short few decades, I want it to go Finally, Each memory is a solid.

初一的一个学期结束了，初二的学期来临了。在初一下半期的暑假，在这个暑假里我充满了好奇、快乐，同时在这个暑假里也充满了烦恼的事情。

在这两个月的暑假里，我的快乐在不断的增加。

每当停电的时候，家里很热，没有空调吹，没有电风扇来替我扇风，只有满天的星星伴我到天亮。我和爸爸、妈妈，还有我的弟弟一家人睡在楼顶上，楼顶上有微微的风，一躺在凉椅上，我观察满天的星星，飞机和弯弯的月亮，星星就像一盏灯，照亮着天空。月亮像一把椅子，能让兔子坐在上面。飞机像蜻蜓，飞来飞去。

当流星划过的时候，我总会许下心愿，而我的心愿很特别，我许的心愿并不要钱，要物，我的心愿是不想让我的爸爸、妈妈不要吵架，他们吵架总是因为一点点的小事，闹得邻居们都来看热闹，在旁边的我不知道该怎么办。反正我的心愿就是这个，没有别的事。

爸爸、妈妈吵架就是我暑假中的烦恼，我的快乐有很多，在这个暑假我发生了很多事情。比如犯钓鱼，从我长大以后，我第一次钓鱼，我不会钓鱼，是我哥哥教我的。他先教我怎样把蚯蚓上在钓钩上，我连蚯蚓都怕更何况是我让活活的把它们弄它，把蚯蚓上在钓钩上，然后手握钓竿然后一甩，第一次我没甩好，第二次甩在一米左右的位置，我蹲下来准备等鱼上钓，可让我没想到的是我蹲了很久却没有见一条鱼上钩，我气坏了，等我把钩住上拉了起来。

突然，我看见钓竿上的钩子上有一条鱼，我并不知道，当我看见我自己钓了一条鱼的时候我很兴奋。我急忙的跑回家告诉爸，妈我真的想告诉全世界的人，我钓到一条鱼了。然后，我又跑去钓，等了半天，我等得不耐烦了，哥哥告诉我的钓鱼要有耐心，我放松了心情慢慢的一条条一丁点大的小鱼都被我钓了上来，我不想弄死小鱼，我把它们放进鱼塘，我照样快乐。

这个暑假充满了快乐，又到开学了。开学了，第二天正式上课，我哭了，我想我的家，我想我快乐的暑假。

There is an old saying that no one is perfect, so everyone will make

mistake sometimes, though we want to do best. When we make mistake, we must say

sorry to others, for the purpose of showing our regret, so that they will

forgive us and continue to keep in touch with us. Some people think apologize

will lose their faces, so they choose not to say sorry.

A wise person will make

apologize in a natural way and let the past be past, the good way to apologize

can help people feel easy. People can find the chance to apologize when they are

having communication, they can make the topic about apologize and then saying

that he is sorry about what he have done, so everything will seem easy.

Apologizing will promote people’s communication and keep their friendship. So

don’t feel losing face, just admit what you have done wrong.

Last night, my friends and I went back to the primary school. We walked around the school and talked about the funny things that happened at that time. We were going to college soon, so we would be apart soon, but we were happy about our future school life. Suddenly, an idea came across my mind, I said to my friends that we could make a deal about four years later, we would graduate at that time. My friends were so excited about it, they agreed with me. So we made the deal that four years later, we got together here.

I started to think about what I would become four years later, maybe a teacher, or a businessman. The deal helps us to have a chance to keep in touch with each other. I am so looking forward to carrying out it.

Traveling is a good activity. When you are fed up with your work and study, and when you are free, you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty of nature, you can breathe fresh air, and make some friends. But sometimes, it is not a good thing. The weather often changes, you may be caught in the rain and may catch a cold while traveling. Therefore, you should prepare yourself carefully before the trip. You had better find a companion, so that you can help each other.

The population of the world has already passed six billion. The population problem may be the greatest challenge of the world today. The earth has been very crowded and there will be standing room only before long.

China’s One Child Policy is a good way to solve this problem and stop the population from growing so fast. It also can help our country develop quickly then people’s standard of living will become higher and higher.

At the same time a lot of other problems will be done with, such as employment problems, food problems, water problems and so on…So I think it is necessary for China to carry out this policy.

Do you know Thanksgiving Day？ Do you know why human thank God？

Thanksgiving falls on the fourth Thursday of November， a different date every year. The President must proclaim that date as the official celebration.

Thanksgiving is a time for tradition and sharing. Even if they live far away， family members gather for a reunion at the house of an older relative. All give thanks together for the good things that they have.

In this spirit of sharing， civic groups and charitable organizations offer a traditional meal to those in need， particularly the homeless. On most tables throughout the United States， foods eaten at the first thanksgiving have become traditional.

What should we thank？

The thankful great universe provides the environment of existence for us and give us sunlight， air， water and everything in keeping with we existence of space， bring storm to let us accept to toughen for us， bring to us mysterious let us look for.

The thankful parents give us the life， make us feel the merriment of the human life， feel the genuine feeling of the human life， feel the comity of the human life， feel happiness of the human life， also feel hardships and pain and sufferings of the human life！

The thankful teacher works with diligence and without fatigue everyday of teach， give us knowledge ability， put on the wing which flies toward the ideal for us.

The thankful classmate and friend grows up road of， let I no longer standing alone in the itinerary of life； The with gratitude is frustrated and let us become in a time the failure stronger.

I was born on March 18。 My family is neither very rich nor very poor。 My parents are peasants。 They work hard to support the family。 They encourage me to study well。 My childhood was happy。

I like learning。 I like music and sports， too。 I can run very fast and am the fastest runner in my class。 I am good at English， Physics and Math。

I want to be a scientist。 Scientists have made recorders， TV sets， and so on。 They have also invented the computer。 All these make our life rich， interesting and easy。

Good morning. It is my honour to come here for this interview.

First let me introduce myself to you. My name is Wendy. I am 17 years old, and was born in Jinan, Shandong Province. I was graduated from ** Middle School.

I am always studying hard, and I have achieved lots of fruitful results, including many certifications.

I am optimistic and open-minded. I have made a lots of good friends in my school.

In my spare time, I like reading and listening to the music. Sometimes, I also like to play basketball.

I hope I have the chance to enter the school. And I also believe that where there is a will, there is a way.

That is all. Thanks for your attention.

my sister likes always goes swimming in last summer she was very unlucky.

she put her clothes in an old was hard to lock she went to she played happily in the swimming hours later,she went out the water and took out the key to the soon she found she cant open it at spent about half an hour to open it but nothing course she couldnt wear a swimming suit and go was worry about it.

at last she was kicked the it opened!

The Dragon Boat Festival, also called Double Fifth Festival, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth moon of the lunar calendar. It is one of the most important Chinese festivals, the other two being the Autumn Moon Festival and Chinese New Year。

The origin of this summer festival centers around a scholarly government official named Chu Yuan. He was a good and respected man, but because of the misdeeds of jealous rivals he eventually fell into disfavor in the emperors court。

Unable to regain the respect of the emperor, in his sorrow Chu Yuan threw himself into the Mi Low river. Because of their admiration for Chu Yuan, the local people living adjacent to the Mi Lo River rushed into their boats to search for him while throwing rice into the waters to appease the river dragons。

Although they were unable to find Chu Yuan, their efforts are still commemorated today during the Dragon Boat Festival。

端午节，又称为五五节，因为端午节是在农历的五月五日，是三个重要的中国节庆之一，其他两个分别是中秋节和农历新年。

这个节日的由来是古代中国有一位博学多闻的官吏屈原，他是一位爱民而且又受到尊崇的官吏，但是由於一位充满嫉妒的官吏陷害，从此在朝廷中被皇帝所冷落。由於无法获得皇帝的重视，屈原在忧郁的情况下投汨罗江自尽。

由於对屈原的爱戴，汨罗江畔的居民匆忙的划船在江内寻找屈原，并且将米丢入汨罗江中，以平息汨罗江中的蛟龙。即使他们当时并没有找到屈原，但是他们的行为，直到今天在端午节的时候，仍然被人们传颂纪念着。

The Importance of Details

"The devil is always in the details" is a proverb which means that details determine our success. Therefore, this quotation aims to tell us that every detail is important enough to be paid attention to.

Some people may think that one who wants to achieve great success shouldnt pay much attention to details，but those who desire to do something big at once will constantly be haunted by disappointment, frustration or even failures，as when something big " shows up，they can hardly seize the opportunity because of the lack of ability to deal with small things. Keeping an eye on details may help us in many ways. For instance, when we were small children, we were sometimes very careless and there were many lapses in our homework, but if we could pay much more attention to these trifles, we would get a higher mark in the exam. Whats more, when we make decisions, making every detail clear will reduce risks.

To sum up，under no circumstances should we undervalue the importance of details, for paying attention to small things is the first step of success and will lay root for doing something big.

示例一：

Dear____,

There will a _____(内容) at/in______(地点) on____(时间). We would be honored to have you there with us.

The occasion will start at _______(具体时间). This will be followed by a ____(进一步的安排). At around______(时间)，__________(另一个安排)

I really hope you can make it. RSVP before ______(通知你的最后期限)

Yours sincerely

Li Ming

一年一度的圣诞节到了，今天放学爸爸就代我去参加圣诞节联欢晚会。 我们终于到达了地点，我一下车真是太热闹了，有音乐又有舞蹈。当我们来到座位前，我看看这，看看那，人们都在互相祝福，看着看着，忽然一个又老又欢快的声音从远处传来：“Marry Christmas to you!”原来是圣诞老人来了，他把小朋友们领上台，让我们跳起欢快的舞蹈。时间慢慢地过去了，舞蹈停止了，晚会的主持人来了，圣诞老人不见了，我觉得越来越没劲儿，于是我就跑到一边去玩，不一会爸爸走过来说：“你都快把我急坏了，他看看哪个小朋友像你一样，跑来跑去?” “人家只是想玩一玩，觉得那里太没意思了。” 我撅着嘴慢慢地说到。这时我听到支持人阿姨说“圣诞钟声马上就要敲响了，请大家把目光转移到后面的大吊钟上。”一听这话，我和爸爸像松鼠一样窜到人群中， “五、四、三、二、一”“咚、咚、咚”钟声人们的欢呼声敲响，这时，一位长长的胡子，白发苍苍的老人，背着一个大礼包，带着满面的笑容走向人群中，我看见了他，圣诞老人似乎活了，我激动的连话都说不出来，我只顾着真奔圣诞老人，根本记不起爸爸的话，我还没跑到圣诞老人的跟前，他就慈祥的从大礼包里拿出一个精致的圣诞娃娃，他一边给我一边说：“祝你以后的日子里快乐成长，好好学习。”我谢了圣诞老人后就兴高采烈到跑到爸爸跟前，爸爸看到我深深地叹了一口，我这才知道爸爸因为找我又被我急坏了。

今天是圣诞节，我祝全班同学和所有的老师圣诞节快乐，睡个好觉，我祝大家在以后的日子里开心长久。

Holiday back, clean up a lot of stuff, and then, feeling, very comfortable very comfortable

First of all, moved toward the shoe ark of the head of a bed for a couple of years (my mother said to do bookcase, open on see, incredibly still really put a lot of my book is on the inside). Then, on the window is to the bed foot, however, is a cycas, very lush very lush, every time I open the window, sees the thorns are uncomfortable uncomfortable, so I put it away again.

Then, put on and inclined toward my room two sundry room (eighty percent eighty percent can be called junk) anything that moved away. Then, bathroom stone to the room, flower POTS, a bird than the bad bad, a lot of basin of aloe vera (original aloe is quite thorny) also moved away.

On the balcony, having a heap of mud and cling to my room to the head of a bed (think of that song, unrequited loves the mud, you might as well listen to again, that song was once the golden melody, xu also incredibly took the best male singer), the mud it was covered with a layer of steel net, piled on the following objects: a very bad bad mouse cage, 10 lousy flowerpot, within a few rotten stone, there are other I have forgotten. Clean up the mud, unexpectedly found it still has a lot of broken tiles, more surprisingly, inside still have a lot of iron, very young, but rough tough than wire, but the strange thing is, its doors on my bed, its so strange (cant help but think of oneself since moved to the Jin Juhua community so much has happened).

Later, I found, to my room still has a long very lush yellow skin fruit (colloquialism commonly known as chicken excrement), heard this name, I want to cut it, but mother has been planted for years, is too big, in fact I was also dont understand, why do miniascape of yellow skin. However, mother also planted sweet potatoes cane over the past two years, a lot of basin are put in window edge, and fe (vernacular called nine dishes), as for the carambola, I find it hard to entrance.

Moved a lot of a lot of things these days, though hard, your body is not good (since moved to this community, to the present as in the whole body is ill, strabismus, obesity, poor spirit, should be very poor, kidney failure, hernia, also recently appeared signs of high blood pressure, heart, breathing rapidly, and disfigured before the hearing loss, rhinitis, afraid of see the sunshine, communication difficulties, gangsters, hubei hubei, do things round, personal ability serious decline, was suddenly unprovoked pointing to DuMa (a junior high school of Yang classmate) can get no response, etc.), but after moving, comfortable a lot of really, really, really very comfortable, twisting his years of disfigured (mom difficult for his nose, but mom said, this is your own thing, want to rely on yourself to break through this obsession, who also cant help you) is loose.

First wrote here today to continue next time, bye.

放假回来，清理了不少杂物，然后，感觉，好舒服好舒服

首先，搬走了对着床头好几年的鞋柜(妈妈说要用来做我的书柜，打开一看，居然还真的装了很多我的书在里面)。接着，对着窗口不过是对着床脚的，是一棵铁树，很茂盛很茂盛，我每次打开窗口，见到它的刺就很不舒服很不舒服，于是，我又把它移开了。

然后，把对着和斜对着我房间的两个杂物房里面的东西(八成可以叫做垃圾)八成搬开了。接着，对着房间卫生间的石头，花盆，一张远比上述烂的烂台，很多盆芦荟(原来芦荟还挺多刺的)也搬开了。

在阳台上，有着一堆烂泥紧贴着我房间也正好对着床头(想起许志安的那首歌--烂泥，大家不妨再听一下，那首歌曾经是当年的金曲，许还居然拿了最佳男歌手)，烂泥上面还居然铺着一层铁网，上面堆着如下物体：一个很烂很烂的老鼠笼，10个以内的烂花盆，几块烂石，还有其他我都忘记了。清理烂泥时，居然发现里面还有很多碎瓦，更奇怪的是，里面还有好多条铁条，很幼，但比铁丝要粗韧，而奇怪的是，它门都对着我的床头，真奇怪啊(不禁想到自己自从搬到这个金菊花小区之后发生了这么多事)。

之后，我发现，对着我房间的还有一棵长的很茂盛的黄皮(白话俗称鸡屎果)，听到这个名字，我就想把它砍掉，但妈妈已经种了很多年了，太大了，其实我当时也不明白，为什么盆景要种黄皮。不过，妈妈这两年还种了番薯藤，好多盆都放在窗口边，还有菲菜(白话称为九菜)，至于杨桃，我觉得很难入口。

这些天搬了很多很多东西，虽然辛苦，自己身体也不好(自从搬到这个小区后，到现在好像周身都是病，斜视，肥胖，精神不佳，应该是很不佳，肾亏，疝气，最近还出现了高血压迹象，心跳很快，呼吸急速，还有以前破相所带来的的听力下降，鼻炎，怕见阳光，交际困难，混混鄂鄂，做事轮尽，个人能力严重下降，被人突然无端指着来毒骂(一个初中的杨姓同学)都居然可以无反应等等了)，但搬走后，真的舒服很多，真的，真的很舒服，缠绕自己多年的破相(被妈妈捏难了鼻子，但妈妈却说，这是你自己的事情，要靠你自己去冲破这个困扰，谁也帮不了你)困扰也松了。

今天先写到这里，下次继续，再见。

一、形成性评价的概念

形成性评价(Formative Assessment)是美国评价学专家斯克里芬在1967年在其所著的《评论方法论》里提出来的。所谓的形成性评价是相对于传统的终结性评价(Summative Assessment)而言的，指的是对学生日常学习过程中的表现、所取得的成绩及所反映出来的情感、态度和策略方面的发展做出的评价，这种评价是通过对学生学习的整个过程持续观察、记录和反思之后得出来的。

形成性评价的目的是为了激励学生学习，帮助学生调控自己的学习过程。让学生获得成就感，增强其自信心和团结合作精神，让学生从被动接受评价变成一个评价的主体和积极参与者。形成性评价能够帮助教师了解学生的学习情况，从而制定下一步的教学计划。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价不只以考试成绩来衡量学生的学习情况，它更加灵活方便，也更加科学有效。形成性评价注重对学生学习行为和表现的评估，能够有效发挥学生的主动性和创造性，有利于培养学生的学习兴趣，也能够有效提高学生的自信心。

在英语口语教学中运用形成性评价，能够让学生在课堂中互相评价，增强学生参与课堂教学的积极性，在提高英语口语能力的同时体会到成功的快乐，形成一个教师与学生、学生与学生之间良好互动的课堂。形成性评价注重开发学生的创新能力和思考能力，而要培养这些能力就必须依靠坚持不懈的学习和运用来完成。

二、形成性评价的方法与工具

首先，一般而言，形成性评价的方法大致分为：自我评价、同伴互评和教师评价。

自我评价是指学生在学习的过程中就自己学习进程中的某个阶段性成果的总结和评价。自我评价是形成性评价中尤为重要的评价方法，只有通过自我评价才能尽力发挥其的主观能动性，积极主动地参与课堂教学活动。只有主观积极地参与课堂，就自己不同阶段的水平，才能更好地定位自己进一步的目标，并在课程初期、中期及末期分别给予自己相对客观中肯的评价，以促进下一阶段的学习。

同伴互评是指在课堂活动中，就某一活动进行同学之间的评价，评价包括学习态度、学习能力及学习方法的评价。在同伴互评的过程中，学生们可以相互探讨学习方法、交流学习心得、提出改进的建议和意见。同伴之间相互比较、竞争，相互取长补短，既增强了合作精神又促进了学习能力和学习效率的提升。同伴互评作为形成性评价重要的方法之一，其评价形式既增强了课堂的趣味性又增强了学生的学习自信心和学习热情。

课堂学习的主体是学生，但是学习评价的主体却是教师。形成性评价侧重过程教育，在教学过程中，根据需要调整教学计划和内容，该评价尤其重视学生与教师在课堂的共同参与度，而非教师“一言堂”。首先，教师在教学过程中设定好学生自我评价与同伴评价的量化标准，列好学生自我评价和同伴评价的核查表；其次，学生根据核查表才可有的放矢，对照核查表所列的内容一一检查，每节课后，客观公正地给予自己和他人中肯的评价；最后，结合学生自我评价和同伴评价的反馈结果，教师针对学生课堂上的表现，纵向对比某一特定学生评价前后的差异，或者横向比较某一特定组别在同一活动中每位学生各项指标的完成情况，同时，以多种形式反馈给学生并提出整改意见。因而，在教学的不同阶段，根据学生的能力发展状况，教师可适时调整评价方式，不断改进教学方法和教学手段。

只有将自我评价、同伴评价与教师评价结合在一起评价方式才能保证较好的教学效果，才能促进教育改革的进一步深化，真正达到以素质教育培养复合型人才的终极目标。

其次，形成性评价的行为评估工具有课堂观察、学生档案、座谈、问卷调查、访谈和对话周记等。如何运用以及怎样运用这些评价工具要根据所授课程、课程目标和授课对象等诸多因素做适当调整。

课堂观察是教学行为和技巧的基本方式。根据Genesee and Upshur(2001:79)的观点，教师在观察的基础上，可以评估学生已掌握和未掌握的内容。换言之，教师应该评估促进或阻碍学生学习的策略。与此同时，教师还可评估一些特定的教学策略的有效性，确定学生们欣赏哪些课堂活动和形式。课堂观察有助于教师更好地了解课程设计和学生需求的契合度。通过正式或非正式的观察，教师可掌握大多数学生对于教学安排的可接受程度，根据学生的需求改进或调整教学安排等，以提升教学效果。

“questionnaires and interviews can all be thought of as conversations between students and teachers”（Genesee and Upshur，2001:136）。如上所述，问卷调查和访谈都可被看作教师和学生间的对话，访谈和问卷调查是相似的，但决定使用访谈或者问卷调查可依据不同的教学目的。无论是哪种方式，都是老师和学生之间相对正式的会谈，这非常有利于老师对他的教学效果进行评估,诊断学生在英语学习遇到的困难，为学生寻找合适的解决问题,获得良好的学习策略和学习得到更多的进步。访谈和问卷调查设计应该根据学生的个人需求并符合教学目标。

对话周记作为教师和学生沟通的另一种方式，深受学生的喜爱。因课程设置和班级规模的不同，课堂观察、问卷调查及访谈都相对比较片面，而对话周记则可以关注到每个学生的不同需求。师生间定期通信，既增加了教师和学生之间的相互了解，增强彼此的信任，又能解决学生的个案问题，做到因材施教；同时，为了促进“教学相长”，学生可及时反馈教师的课堂教学，对于教师的教学提出较好的建议和意见。

学生档案是一个综合各项评估功能于一体的评估工具。它可以记录学生的成长、课堂变化且兼顾多种需要。如今，众多评价工具只把学生作为评价的对象，而评估的责任和任务的则落到了教师身上。但事实上，几乎没有一种评价工具能很好地管理学生活动并对其课堂行为负责。相比之下, 建立学生档案，需要学生亲力亲为；本着自我负责的原则，他们要更好地自我监督和控制，同时，在建档案的过程中，学生可以见证自己的进步与成长，增强学习的自信，提高学习的效果。

三、形成性评价对于英语口语教学的重要性与紧迫性

众所周知,教育评估在大学英语课程改革中扮演着相当重要的角色。英语教学的重点已从传播知识转移到培养能力。多年来，在中国，人们只注重英语写作和阅读的能力的提升，而一直忽视英语口语交际能力。多年来，教学评价已经被狭义理解为量化教学，而后进一步局限于教学测试。考试作为教学的终极目的，期末考试的成绩也就成为教师评价学生的最重要的依据。而对于口语课堂，单一的这种评估方式和依据增加了大多数学生的心理压力和少部分学生侥幸心理。考试成绩给学生很大压力，危害学生的发展，评估过程中，学生一直被动地参与，无法调动其积极性。当课程结束时，教师将得不到及时准确的学生反馈，无法改善评估方法以助于提高学生的英语口语能力。

“形成性评价源于诊断性测试。与终结性评价相比，形成性评价通过教学过程中多方面的评价发现问题，解决问题，强调过程性、目标性和学生学习的主动性。” (魏薇，2005) 鉴于终结性评价在口语测试评分中的片面性和主观性，大学英语口语表达能力的培养还是受到了这种终结性评价的制约。在大学英语口语教学中，形成性评价最重要的任务的是帮助教师监控学生英语口语的学习过程，提高学生的英语口语学习。如能将形成性评价的理论引入大学英语口语课堂教学与测试中，建立大学英语口语课程与形成性评价相结合的评估模式，则会推动大学英语口语教学和测试的改革进程。

鉴于口语课堂的特点，为了克服传统终结性评价对于口语课堂的制约性，形成性评价与大学英语口语教学相结合有其不可忽视的重要性和紧迫性。

首先，由于口语表达能力除了包含最基本的发音、词汇、语法能力还有语用能力、文化知识储备力等多项复杂的技能，而所有的这些技能无法在某一次测试中完全体现出来。因口语学习的最终目的是运用到相关学科、为了更好地促进国际交流。

而形成性评价尤其注重过程教学，这种评价将教学过程分成了诸多阶段，学生可在每个不同的阶段就自己的学习态度、发音、语言运用的准确性、流利程度以及课堂活动参与的积极性进行横向的同学互评和纵向的自我比较。一方面，横向比较可以找到彼此间的差距，互相帮助已达到各方面的提升；另一方面，学生可在整理学习档案的过程中，纵向比较自己前后阶段的学习情况，时刻了解自己在每个阶段的学习状况，在教师和同学的辅助下，运用不同的学习方法和策略，逐项提高自己的口语能力。 另外，教师在学生进行评价的过程中，可真实地参与并记录学生在各方面的真实水平。

其次，口语课堂实际上是教师与学生、学生与学生之间的互动交际。教师需要花费大量的时间设计口语活动、鼓励学生参与活动、监控课堂活动、诊断学生的需求和问题、记录学生的表现等。学生则在各种学习任务和活动中不断地练习、发现问题、纠正偏差。

与传统的终结性评价不同，形成性评价的最显著特征是评价的主体是学生，学生和教师共同参与课堂，缺一不可。根据多数学生的关注点，学生参与确定研究目标、评分标准和英语口语的性能评估。因而，他们了解每一项活动的任务和目标，他们可合理运用各种评价方式和工具，课前认真准备，课堂上积极参与，能与教师积极互动，课堂上客观地评价自己、同伴和教师。这不仅是一种评价过程，更是学生回归自我认同感的方式。学生增加了学习自信，在评价过程中不断积累经验，逐步获得学习成就感。教师亦可在与学生互动的过程中，更好地了解学生的知识掌握和课堂反馈情况，根据反馈适时调整教学方法。如此良性循环，既增强了课堂的趣味性又提高了学生的学习效率。

四、结语

形成性评价，作为正常教学和学习过程的有机部分，可以全面、客观、科学、准确地提供与其学习目标相关的重要信息，它有助于促进学生的个性化发展和外语教学质量的根本性提高。形成性评价其中的一个重要作用是培养学生良好的英语学习习惯。将英语形成性评价与口语教学紧密地结合在一起，能提高学生学习的兴趣并及时、准确、客观地反映学生的真实水平，使学生的英语口语能力稳步提高。通过采用具体的形成性评价方式，发展学生的自我评价与学生间相互评价的能力，以促进学生的自我反思与自我管理能力。从而提高学生自主学习意识与自主学习能力，并为他们养成终身学习的意识与习惯打下基础。

With the development of technology, today, our life is facilitated with all kinds information sources. We can read books on the Internet, which is much convenient than buying the books in the stores. I like to read E-books, because there are many advantages. First, I can save a lot of money. Downloading the E-books is for free, I can find all kinds of free sources. It is good for students because they can save the money. Second, I can save a lot of time. Some books are not easy to be found in the bookstore, sometimes I need to go to several shops. But if I search the Internet, then the information is in front of me. How fast it is.