喜欢冬天的英语作文（通用20篇）

dog is my favorite animal among all the animals.As we all know,dog is a lovely animal.i love it not only because of its cute shape,but also because of its loyalty.it will never betray its master.another reason why i love dog is that dog can make me happy.when i am sad,it will do everything he can to cheer me up and forget the unhappy things.so i will love dog for ever and ever.

春天百花盛开，夏天绿树成阴，秋天果实累累，但我还是最喜欢冬天。

每当寒风腊月、大雪纷飞、北风呼啸、寒风凛冽，真是“滴水成冰”啊!可是腊梅不畏严寒，傲然挺立在寒风之中，那枝头缀满花蕾，尽管猛烈的西北风“呼呼”刮着，其他光秃秃的树枝在寒风中瑟瑟发抖，但只有腊梅生机盎然，它笑对严寒。刮过几阵西北风后，大雪纷飞而至，雪花像鹅毛一样，漫天飞舞。此时一朵朵梅花绽开了笑脸，它凌寒怒放，倾吐幽香。花朵色泽鲜艳，黄的似金，白的如银，粉的赛霞……腊梅花香四溢、芬芳迷人、美妙绝伦。

我喜欢冬天。

If winter comes, the leaves on the trees drop light, the north wind whistling, The earth a depression spectacle. The river caked with thick ice. People around scarf wearing gloves, wearing sections of the cotton-padded jacket, but still difficult to resist invasion of cold cold red face.

Winter is a DiShuiChengBing, HaQi into frost season. Winter ferment a silvery dream. Winter girl gift - snowflakes, give children brought joy. Lo, children overcoated some in the skiing, some in snowball fights, some is in a snowman, and still working on the snow, silver-coated world forever stay.

Snowflakes drifting down from the sky slowly, really like pieces of plum flower! Fall on the ground, the white people trample on top, and squeak cheerful singing, like.

I love the winter, the more love beautiful snow. Snow, is also the symbol of winter. Winter if less snow, it can only be called winter, cant call winter. You know why is this? That is because, under burming sun, rain, wind, snow is chun xia qiu dongs messenger. If less angel, people cannot produce a kind of idea: the winter of this year how come so suddenly?

I love the winter, but I more notice its angel - snowflakes. As the saying goes: good harest. Snow lets the farmer uncle smile more splendid. Snow also give children bring unique joy.

I love autumn has in the past, winter has come, I lain trembling body, running into the school, my body is cold, suddenly head a few birds flew over, I smell the smell of them happy, I am not so cold.

Winter is very cold, to be honest I dont like winter, because winter took the life of the green, I walked to school with the north, a middle-aged man and I miss, I tasted the pleasure of his progress, but hes a look back, will insist on not to live, I will also some, when I arrived at the destination, returns, the victory will also get a prize, the winter is very fair, I do not hate the winter.

Snow, snow covered the ground, the ground lurks a crisis, you are not careful, will slide to the, a child ran in front of me cheerful, leave footprints in the snow, I stepped on his footprints go forward, he is brave, not afraid of the crisis, winter is not going to leave the brave trap, Im trying to learn the child, to do with the brave, happy to run, the winter is kind and cruel, it will withstand the test of trees and flowers to give punishment, will be open pine, cypress, wintersweet, for the monotonous world add a little color. I started a bit like winter.

Silently to the life to test in winter, winter exercise the strong, the brave. If no winter, the life will be smooth sailing, life will be boring and boring, only the strong can survive in this world, the weak will be eliminated, the winter is a strict teacher, when you cannot endure frustrations, failures and exercise, it will bring you cross out without hesitation. Winter is kind and fair. When you eat, drink, and be merry in the spring, summer, autumn, dont forget that winter will come to test you.

Ah! In the winter, how strong you are, how kind you are, how fair, I love the winter, I love you that to test the spirit of life!

我爱秋天已经过去，冬天已经来了，我瑟缩着身子，跑着进学校，我的身上是冰冷的，忽然间头顶上几只小鸟飞过，我嗅到他们快乐的气息，我不那么冷了。

冬天是非常冷的，说实话我并不喜欢冬，因为冬天夺走了绿的生命，我顶着北风向学校走去，一个中年人与我擦肩而过，我尝到了他乘风的快感，但是他一回头，必将坚持不住，我也会有的，当我到达目的地，胜利返回时，也会得到奖励的，冬天是很公平的，我不那么讨厌冬天了。

下雪了，大雪覆盖着地面，地面上暗藏着危机，你一不小心，将会滑到，一个小孩在我前面欢快的跑着，在雪地上留下脚印，我踩着他的脚印向前去，他很勇敢，不怕危机，冬天是不会给勇敢者留下陷阱的，我努力学着那个小孩，努力的做着勇敢者，努力的快乐的奔跑，冬天是善良而残酷的，它将经受不住考验的花草树木都给予惩罚，将松树、柏树、腊梅开放，为这个单调的大千世界增加了一点色彩。我开始有点喜欢冬了。

冬天默默的给生命以考验，冬天锻炼强者，勇敢者。若没有了冬，那么生命将会一帆风顺，生命也会无味而索然，只有强者才可以生存在这个世界上，弱者是会被淘汰的，冬天是位严历的老师，当你经受不住挫折、失败和锻炼时，它将会把你毫不犹豫的划掉。冬天是善良且公平的。当你在春夏秋中吃喝玩乐时，不要忘了冬天是会来考验你的。

啊!冬天，你是多么的坚强不屈，你是多么的善良，多么的公平，我爱冬天，我爱你那给生命考验的精神!

Blair is my classmate as well as my best friend. We have already known each

other for ten years. We live in the same block so that we always go to school

together. She has long hair, big eyes and sweet smile, which makes her popular

in my class. Blair works hard and she is a good student in the eyes of teachers.

Besides, she is clever and kindhearted. When others turn to her for help, she

always tries her best to help. I feel proud to have such a good friend.

实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所带给的信息，写一篇题为 “Being a Good Listener” 的英文演讲稿。

注意：

1、对所给要点，逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译。

2、词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

3、演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。

Good afternoon， everyone。

The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”。

Good listening can always show respect， promote understanding， and improve interpersonal relationship。

Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children， so they will understand them better， and find it easy to narrow the generation gap; teachers should listen more to their students， then they can meet their needs better， and place themselves in a good relationship with their students; students should listen more to their classmates， thus they will help and learn from each other， and a friendship is likely to be formed。

What I want to stress is that each of us should listen to others。 Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk; show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile; be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them。 In a word， good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other。

Thank you for your listening!

All the year round, I likeAutumnbest. Because autumn is a harvest season, is a colorful season.

Standing at the edge of the field, look, there is harvest scenes. The sorghum red; Rice laugh bending the waist; All kinds of delicious fruit is ripe, waiting for farmer uncle to gather. The human face is permeated with the joy of harvest.

Autumn wind is gentle, blow on the face has a cool, comfortable and sweet feeling. Deliver it blow away the heat in the summer, cool autumn, blew the leaves on the trees, blowing open the beautiful flowers, ripe harvest of fruit.

The autumn rain is gentle, thin. It also has a box of colorful paint! Ginkgo biloba is it dyed yellow, maple leaf is it dyed red, the field is it dyed a golden color. Most it the most loved chrysanthemums, gave chrysanthemum color, with purple, yellow, white, golden, they are for the doo-yan!

Autumn sunshine is warm, quiet, brilliant. Stand in the sun, everything is so bright.

The autumn air is blue, the tall, I finally know what call "the fall".

Autumn is beautiful, I like autumn. Because autumn brings us a better and hope!

一年四季中，我最喜欢秋天。因为秋天是个丰收的季节，还是个多姿多彩的季节。

站在田野边，放眼望去，到处是丰收的景象。高粱涨红了脸;稻谷笑弯了腰;各种鲜美的果实已经成熟，正等着农民伯伯去采摘。人们脸上洋溢着丰收的喜悦。

秋天的风是柔和的，吹在脸上有一种凉爽的、舒畅的、甜蜜的感觉。它吹走了夏日的炎热，送来了秋日的凉爽，吹落了树上的叶子，吹开了美丽的花朵，吹熟了丰收的果实。

秋天的雨是温柔的，细细的。它还有一盒五彩缤纷的颜料呢!银杏叶被它染成了黄色，枫叶被它染成了红色，田野被它染成了金黄色。它最疼爱菊花了，给了菊花最多的颜色，有紫红的、淡黄的、雪白的、金黄的、它们正争香斗艳呢!

秋天的阳光是温馨的、恬静的、灿烂的。站在阳光下，一切都是那么明亮。

秋天的空气是蓝蓝的、高高的、我终于知道了什么叫“秋高气爽”了。

秋天是美好的，我喜欢秋天，因为秋天给我们带来了美好和希望!

ChengDu is a wonderful place located in Sichuan province.This city is well

decorated and designed which attrects lots of tourists every year.

Chengdu has large amounts of tourist spots such as Wangjiang Park,Dujiang

Dam and so on.Such spots are all easy to get and they dont cost much.Whatmore

,with the rapidly developing economy,Chengdu has become an international

metropolis.

Why not come to this amazing city to get a rest and have a look of these

beautiful sceneries.Just cherish this hardly-get chance.Dont hestitate.

Today is womens day, and also the day I get the scholarship. Look! I made

a chocolate bar for my mother with a scholarship. Although I have paid a lot for

myself, I am very happy in my heart: I can also give my mother a gift, instead

of wrapping around my mother for presents!

But mom is sick and cant eat sweet food. I had to put the chocolate in the

fridge, but after a few days my mother was very ill, and she took a big bite,

and I eagerly asked, "is it good?" She said it was a little sandy. I took a

bite, too. I was a little depressed. But my mother encouraged me, "but its

sweet, its great!" My heart is sweet and happy! I wrote a few words

specifically for my mother, although it was not very good.

去年，我老家下了一场大雪。雪是从夜里下起的，早晨，我看见雪还在纷纷扬扬地依然在下，好似一团毛线，要给大地织上一件大衣。

我喜欢冬天雪停后，我立刻跑去家门前后，不由地叫了起来：“哇!太美了!”一眼望去，白茫茫的雪覆盖了整个大地，好像天神怕地面太冷而盖上了一层白棉被，上面还绣着绿色的花边(绿叶)。

这时，我发现爷爷在铲雪，便到玩具箱中找了一件铲雪工具――五轮杂技车。可它不是来演杂技的，而虾米拱雪的。“嘿呦嘿呦……”我推着它，开辟了一条细长的小路。再找“铲雪车”，咦?去哪儿了?哦，原来它已被雪“包裹”起来了。

突然，一阵清香飘来，原来是院子里的蜡梅仍在雪中傲然绽放着。淡黄色的花小巧玲珑，还不时送来一阵清香。我又摇了摇了树枝，“沙沙”声立即传来出来，如同雪刚才是把大树歌喉冰封住了，雪一掉，它们便又唱起了这一天的序曲。

这时，表弟喊我打雪仗，于是，我建起了一个“城墙”，便与他交战了起来。我把雪攥在手心里捏了捏，捏了几个雪团，未等我发射，一个雪团飞驰过来，幸好被“城墙”挡住了。我生气，连射四个雪团，把表弟打成了“柿子”……

我望着远处缓缓升起的太阳，这时，阳光脱去了这神奇的魄“棉被”，染红了大地，天空呈现出金灿灿的霞光，我真想大喊一声：冬天，你真美呀!

冬天不像春天那么阳光明媚，更不像夏天那样烈日炎炎，而是洁白如玉的。 Winter is not as sunny as spring, not as hot as summer, but white as jade.

冬姐姐带着雪白的雪花来到了人间。雪花姐姐来到了草地上，小草弟弟那瑟瑟发抖的身子立刻舒服了许多。看着雪花慢慢的飘落下来，飘在小草的身上，又温暧，又温馨，像盖上了白白柔柔的被子。接着小草就进入了甜甜的梦香了。

公园里草呀、花呀、树呀，都静静悄悄地在那里呆着。这时，公园里来了一群可爱顽皮的小朋友，争先恐后地向大雪跑去。他们就像是神奇的魔术师一样，把雪白雪白的雪变成了一个个顽皮的小雪人。尖尖的鼻子，圆圆的脸，小小的嘴巴，大大的眼睛，我想它要是去竞选，保证能拿第一名。

小河上结了一层厚厚的冰，冰就像玉盘一样。有些小孩胆子可大了，你猜他们怎么着，他们有的在冰上跳芭蕾舞，有的在冰上花样溜冰，这些小孩子们在小溪上快乐地玩着，笑声可爱极了。

树林里下着洁白如玉的雪，雪下要一年四季都是绿油油的青松上，但不管雪怎么压青松，青松还是挺着笔直的腰。真像现代革命家陈毅写的《青松》：“大雪压青松，青松挺且直。要知松高洁，待到雪化时。”看着雪白的雪花，我想了一首歌《小雪花》，小雪花，小雪花，飘在空中像朵花，小雪白，小雪白，飘在窗上变窗花，小雪花，小雪花，飘在手上不见了。

冬天，许多动物都在冬眠，蛇不再出来吓人，它圈成一团，流着口水进入了梦香。河里一条条可爱的小鱼睡着甜甜的觉。从河面上看好像死了一样。

路上的行人渐渐的少了，只有几个人，他们穿着厚厚的衣服，立起大衣领，缩着脖子，双手插在裤里兜里，低着头，急匆匆地一路小跑。

啊，冬天真可爱，我爱冬天!

It’s beyond reproach that we will come across all kinds of difficulties and

challenges in our life time .Some will be subjected to frequent sadness .Some

will lose their way to move on .Thus,only when we equip ourselves with hope and

courage can we finally succeed in the uncertain future.

Forrest Gump showed so great courage in the movie that he touched me a lot

. For one thing,no matter when and where Jenny got into trouble ,Forrest Gump

would bring her out of it without thinking how dangerous the situation would be

.Maybe we should all fell ashamed that we love ourselves more than we love love

,but Forrest showed great courage in love .For another,Forrest gump risked his

life to save Bubba in the war.It’s courage that helped Forrest gain a series of

honor after war .Forrest Gump is beautiful for his perseverance and touches

others with his courage.

A person can’t do without courage in terms of love and friendship ,let

alone life . A weak person may avoid the difficulties ,but a person with courage

will face up to it head-on. Therefore,let’equip ourselves with great

courage.

I have a beautiful school.

In the spring,the weather become warmer and warmer.And the trees become green.Some birds are singing on the trees.The flowers are open.Some butterflies are fly over the flowers.In the fall,the weather is windy.The leaves of trees like butterflies are in the sky.

What a beautiful school is!I like my school.

要说我喜欢什么季节，我会说冬天，要说我喜欢什么，我会说冬天的雪，其实就是一个意思——我喜欢冬天的雪。

冬天的雪白白的，小朋友们（包括我）常常用雪玩一些游戏，有堆雪人、打雪仗、滑雪……一些没有玩过这些游戏的小朋友肯定不知道这些游戏有多么好玩，我来告诉你怎么玩堆雪人——玩堆雪人要准备大量的雪，要不怎么叫“堆‘雪’人”呢？拿起一小块雪，用剩下的雪往里面添，添成一个比较大的雪球，再用同样的方法做成一个比刚才小一点的雪球，把小一点的雪球放在大一点的雪球上，再准备雪人的眼睛、鼻子、扣子，两个眼睛可以用两个杨梅代替，都是圆的，都是黑的，鼻子可以用胡萝卜代替，雪人的鼻子真长！扣子可以用葡萄代替，用五六个就行了，嘴巴用手画，什么表情都有的。

白白的雪飘落在屋顶上，在外面看，这座房子就是崭新崭新的。飘落在大地上，仿佛给大地披上了一层白白的、厚厚的棉衣，大地就不会冷了。

冬至已过，真正的冬天就来临了。冬天是我最喜欢的季节，因为冬天带给我不少好处。

冬天来了，也就快放寒假了，小孩子梦寐以求的红包也快来了。我一拿到红包，我就想到我一直想买的手表。有了手表，我就可以随时随地的看时间了，上学也不怕迟到了。

冬天，妈妈就会让我们爬山锻炼。爬在山路上，我们的身体非常暖和，不再像坐在家里不动冷得直哆嗦了。爬到山顶，还有一个惊喜给我们，那就是山顶上厚厚的雪。我们在山顶上玩雪，堆雪人，打雪仗，玩得满头大汗。原本该用衣服裹得像粗木棍的冬天。现在，我们到吧衣服脱得只剩两件了。

我喜欢冬天，不仅是这些。我生在冬天，外面下着大雪，把大地装扮的晶莹美丽，所以我的名字中有个莹字。

我的冬天，冬天有我。我喜欢冬天。

梅庄小学六年级：吴志莹

Today is Dragon Boat Festival. Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China. It is also the most solemn and characteristic festival in our local area.

Of course, on the day of Dragon Boat Festival, mothers wear five silk threads to their children, and five silk threads are full of their mothers yearning for their children, hoping that their children will live to the age of 100. My mother gave me the five thread long thread.

In the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat dumplings, in memory of Qu Yuan. More than two thousand years ago, in the early May, five, people stood on the Miluo River and threw food into the river so as not to let the fish and shrimp and other underwater animals eat Qu Yuans body.

After lunch today, my mother took me to the supermarket. My mother bought me a sachet as a gift for the Dragon Boat Festival.

I had a great time today!

说到我最喜欢的节日那就是春节了。为什么呢?因为春节不但能放长假，还可以看舞狮、放烟花等等。但如果说我最喜欢的，那当然是放烟花了。

我喜欢烟花绽放的时刻，五光十色、绚丽多彩，那一瞬间让我觉得十分享受，好心情也随着绽放的烟花盛开。

我最喜欢的烟花是蝴蝶王，喜欢它的原因是因为它绽放出来的火花就像美丽的蝴蝶在空中翩翩起舞。当大人把烟花点燃后，我们随着翩翩起舞的“蝴蝶”大声的欢呼、拍手、叫喊，仿佛被点燃的不止是烟花，还有我们小孩兴奋的心情。

其次我喜欢看舞狮，舞狮不仅仅是我们中国的传统文化，而且那些身披狮子饰品的叔叔们，把狮子给舞活了。随着民乐的响起，它们上窜下跳，一会儿跳跃，一会儿抢绣球。更让我觉得神奇的是，那些狮子的眼、耳、鼻、舌、嘴……居然像真的狮子一样可以活动的。每一次看到它们的表演我都觉得那一头头狮子就是活生生的动物。

春节还有一个让我开心的事就是放长假，在那段时间里，王泽信弟弟会回来，我和妹妹还有王泽信就可以一起玩了，还可以和家人团聚，吃团圆饭。如果妈妈们同意的话，我们还可以让他们带我们去上海、北京……去玩。让我们三姐弟可以更亲近。

我喜欢春节，喜欢它的热闹、喜庆、团聚。

The first time I swim, tie a rope on the swimming ring, swimming circle in the body, the rope hung around the neck, this will prevent swim ring accidentally flies away by water. At the time of swimming, I feel like a fish, in the water free swimming, very happy! Sometimes, I drift himself in the Yangtze river, floating in the wind. In addition, I learned breast stroke, I found that to learn breaststroke, heart must be quiet, can learn quickly. With swim to swim breaststroke, how happy heart!!!

On one occasion, I go swimming with my friend, hes also wearing swimming laps, and, hed breaststroke, he will also snakes swimming, I also want to learn swimming snake, so I must come on!

Here, you must be very strange why I swim in the Yangtze river? Because my friend and I swim coach is my dad. Before launching, dad told me and my friends: must be under adult supervision can swim, and wear swimming laps, or wear swimsuit, otherwise, cannot go.

Accompanied by my father, my friends and I have learned how to swim, the taste of happiness, only experience, only to experience. So, I like to swim this sport!

我第一次游泳的时候，在游泳圈上系了一根绳子，游泳圈圈在身上，绳子挂在脖子上，这样可以防止游泳圈不小心被水飘走。在游泳的时候，我感觉自己像一条小鱼一样，在水里自由自在的游来游去，快活极了!有时候，我把自己漂在长江上，随风飘浮。而且，我还学了蛙泳，我发现，要学蛙泳，心一定要静下来，就能很快学会。用蛙泳游起泳来，心里面多么舒畅呀!

有一次，我和我的朋友一起去游泳，他也戴着游泳圈，而且，他也会蛙泳，他还会蛇泳，我也想学会蛇泳，所以我一定要加油!

说到这里，你们一定很奇怪我为什么在长江游泳?因为我和我的朋友的游泳教练就是我爸爸。在下水之前，爸爸告诉我和我的朋友：一定要在大人的监督下才可以下水游泳，还要戴游泳圈，或穿游泳衣，否则，就不能下水。

在爸爸的陪同下，我和我的朋友都学会了游泳，那幸福的味儿，只有亲身经历了，才体会得到。所以，我喜欢游泳这项运动!

When I watch the TV series, there always present the rich familys life,

but I dont feel envious about the rich life. It is obvious that though these

people live the better life, the cost is that their parents spend less time to

play with them. The time to stay with our parents is really important, while the

rich parents have much work to do, so they dont have much private hours. I was

born in an ordinary family. My parents will never miss the moment when I need

them. I am so thankful to life, because I have my parents love. Whats more, I

have made many good friends. We share our interest and have a lot in common.

For the first time in everyones experience! For example: the first time to

ride a bicycle, write a book, play a computer for the first time, keep a dog for

the first time, etc! And my first time is climbing!

On a sunny holiday, our family unanimously decided to take exercise -

climbing Maanshan! Maanshan ecological park is located in the south of Yangwu

village, Daling mountain. The main peak is 329.2 meters above sea level. It is

divided into two small peaks at the front and back. It is named Maanshan because

of its shape similar to Maanshan. It used to be a quarry. All the stones mined

were transported to all parts of the city as building materials, bringing

considerable economic benefits to the local area and seriously damaging the

ecological environment. In order to build a civilized, harmonious and ecological

home, the village committee decided to close the quarry and invest 5 million

yuan to build it into an ecological park. Now there are Jinling, Qixingling,

Jiti stone, Qilin mountain and other scenic spots. When I came to the foot of

Maanshan, I stared at the top of Maanshan stupidly. In my mind, I thought of the

complacent expression of climbing to the mountain. After that, I cant wait to

follow the route to the top of the mountain!

At first, I was a living tiger, just like a hungry tiger, flying to the top

of the mountain! The road is getting steeper and steeper, and the fork road runs

across. Its half the way to the top of the mountain. After a long time, the

physical strength is naturally consumed and the knowledge is not much. Im

sweating!! Seeing thousands of houses, cars and pedestrians under my feet, I

secretly encouraged myself: there is still a little way to go, stick to it, and

soon climb to the top of the mountain, dont be discouraged, learn to stick to it

on this road! Only persistence can make people succeed! Time flows silently on

me. I climb to the top of the mountain. I am ecstatic and rush forward in one

breath. Finally climbed to the top of the mountain! Ah! The scenery at the top

of the mountain is so intoxicating and impressive!

As if everything under my feet is my world! The whole village can be seen

clearly. I learned a truth from it, that is: in life, whether it is laid-off, or

encountered difficulties, or be fired and so on. Dont be discouraged. As a human

being, we should learn not to be discouraged in the face of difficulties. In all

kinds of tests of life, just like climbing a mountain, we cant give up halfway,

as long as we stick to it, we will succeed!

Recently, I have seen an impressive film—“Meet the Parents”, which is about

a woman Palm brought her boyfriend Greg to her parents’ home to spend holiday.

In the film, Greg was so dishonest to Palm’s parents that Palm’s father is

suspicious of his behavior and quality. As a result, Greg is obnoxious to all

and has to leave. As far as I am concerned, the consequence is heavily caused by

his dishonesty. If Greg could be real him all the time, he would get much

respect and appreciation and would not get much frustration. From the film, I

have learned that being honest was extremely important and necessary. In other

words, being honest is a basic principle for us to deal with others.

For one thing, we will not get others’ trust unless we are honest. If we

deceive others, we would get the same in return, and even no one would make

friends with us or even communicate with us. For another, we will get others’

respect and appreciation if telling the truth. Telling the truth and being

ourselves, we will get a healthy and peaceful surrounding to grow up better.

However, something strange happens in our society. There is a strange

phenomenon that honest people suffer but the dishonest benefit a lot. It made

some people have a suspicion that being honest is not so important.

But I still believe that these are just a few cases, since honesty is

deeply rooted in our minds and we still consider it as a basic principle in

social contacts.