英语作文范文10篇初二下实用20篇

Computersare changing our life. You can do a lot of things with a computer. Such as, you can use a computer to write articles, watch video CDs, play games and do office work. But the most important use of a computer is to join the Internet. By joining a computer to Internet, we can get the latest information in all fields. We dont need to leave home to borrow books from a library or to do shopping in a supermarket.

Computers help us live a more convenient life. With the development of computers, the word is becoming a large family.

I always dream about returning to the past. As many people say, childhood

is the happiest and easiest time in one’s life. Children show you their true

emotions.

They know what is compassion and what is tolerance better than adults.

In their world, all real thoughts are presented.

They may easily have different opinions with others, but they never

understand what is animosity.

They enjoy making friends but they never think about making social

communication net. Every child talks from the bottom of his heart without evil

plans hidden and never intrigues against each other.

Only in children’s way can adults make our life simple, more real and more

enjoyable.

I wish everyone’s heart would keep as innocent and lovely as they ever did

in their childhood. Then, the walls between our hearts can be broken down and

the world would be a better place to live in.

初二英语作文：Friendship

A life without a friend is a life without a sun. Friendship is one of the most important things in everyones life.

Friends are who changes your life just by being a part of it, who makes you believe that there really is good in the world, who convinces you that there really is an unlock door just waiting for you to open it.

When you’re down, friends lift you up. When you lose your way, friends guide you and cheer you on.

So cherish your friend, Do not save your loving speeches.for your friends till they are dead.Do not write them on their tombstones, speak them rather now instead

初二英语作文：Information Age

Its the age of information now and information is very important in the society.we need verious of information to live a normal life.we need to know the lastest news ,listen to the weather forecast,learn about the newly published books and many other things we are interested in and want to know.

There are many way of acquiring information,for example we can watch TV,listen to radio, read newspaper and magazines and go on line which is to most popupar ,convienent and effective way now.

Living in such an age of information,what should we to to face up to the challenge of it?I think we should try our best to learn as much knowledge as we can and try to master the new techonology.

奥运英语作文 北京奥运第一枚金牌属于谁？

北京奥运第一枚金牌属于谁？(Who will win the first gold medal?)

The suspense over who will win the first Olympic medal and in which event is really a interesting thing. Chinese officials are determined to make sure China, as the host country, wins the first gold of the Games. The womens 10m air rifle - which includes two Chinese medal favorites - has its final scheduled at 10:30 am on Aug 9 and should end about 20 minutes later.

If all goes as planned, either reigning gold medalist shooter Du Li or world champion Zhao Yinghui will raise 2008s first gold at the Beijing Shooting Range.

But if Du and Zhao are too far behind in points going into the final, the rumor says, organizers will delay the last ten shots of the final while the weightlifting final goes on as planned so China can secure the gold.

I think the first gold medal must belong to we Chinese, let wait this moment together.

奥运英语作文 关于北京奥运会开幕式的

关于北京奥运会开幕式的(About Beijing Olympic Opening Ceremony)

The Olympic Opening Ceremony was an international event and the whole world was watching! The event was held in a stadium designed to seat a large group of people.

The athletes entered the stadium in a specific order. The athletes from Greece entered first in honor of the original Olympics held in Greece. Then, the other athletes followed by nation in the alphabetical order of the host country’s language. The host country’s athletes came last. So for this coming Olympics 2008, the athletes from China will enter the stadium last.

The chief of state of the host country declared the games open, followed by the raising of the Olympic Flag. Music was played and fireworks were set off in salute. Then, doves were released into the air as a symbol of peace. Runners in cross-country relays brought in the Olympic torch. The running of the torch began four weeks before the Olympic ceremony and thousands of runners took part in this. Planes and ships transported the Olympic torch to each country that lies between Greece and the host country. The most exciting moment of the Olympic ceremony was when the torch entered the stadium and lit the Olympic Flame. The Flame was kept burning until the end of the Olympic games.

奥运英语作文 关于北京奥运会闭幕式的

关于北京奥运会闭幕式的(About Beijing Olympic Closing Ceremony)

The closing ceremony must take place in the stadium after the end of all the events. The flag bearers of the participating delegations and the name-board-bearers enter the stadium in single file. Behind them march the athletes, without distinction of nationality.

The flag bearers then form a semi-circle behind the rostrum.

The President of the IOC and the President of the OCOG mount the rostrum. To the sounds of the Greek national anthem, the Greek flag is hoisted on the flagpole that stands to the right of the central flagpole used for the winners flags. The flag of the host country is then hoisted on the central flagpole, while its anthem is played. Finally, the flag of the host country of the next Olympic Games is hoisted on the lefthand flagpole to the strains of its anthem.

The mayor of the host city joins the President of the IOC on the rostrum and returns to him the Olympic flag. The president of the IOC then entrusts it to the mayor of the host city of the following Olympic Games. This flag must be displayed in the latter citys main municipal building.

After an address by the President of the OCOG, the President of the IOC gives the closing speech of the Olympic Games, which he ends with these words:

"I declare the Games of the ... Olympiad closed and, in accordance with tradition, I call upon the youth of the world to assemble four years from now at ... to celebrate with us there the Games of the ... Olympiad".

A fanfare then sounds; the Olympic flame is extinguished, and while the Olympic anthem is being played, the Olympic flag is slowly lowered from the flagpole and, unfurled horizontally, carried out of the arena, followed by the flag bearers. A farewell song resounds.

奥运英语作文：我最喜欢的中国射击运动员

奥运英语作文：我最喜欢的中国射击运动员(The Chinese sport shooter I like best)

The Chinese sport shooter I like best is Wang Yifu who was in terms of Olympic medals one of the most successful sport shooters of all times. He specializes in the 50 m Pistol and 10 m Air Pistol events.

Wang won his first Olympic medal in the Los Angeles games at the age of 23. After this, the Air Pistol event was added to the program, and this is where he has achieved his greatest accomplishments. He won the 1992 gold medal only days after a new medal in the 50 m event. His three attempts to repeat the victory have provided impressive results and very tight duels:

In the 2004 competition, Wang scored 590 once more, but lost the Olympic record to Mikhail Nestruev (Russia) who achieved 591. However, Wang Yifu chased quickly and eventually won by a margin of 0.2 points to get his second Olympic gold.

I like Wang Yifu, and I also like his great sprite.

The Spring Festival is my most favorite festival, because it’s time for

family gathering. And the Spring Festival is a new start of a year. It brings me

hope and courage. On Spring Festival, my parents usually take me back to my

hometown. My hometown is a small town. Many of my relatives move to the larger

cities, but we usually go home when the Spring Festival comes. During the

gathering, we share our lives with others and care about each other. Of course,

big meals are necessary. Families prepare for the big meals together. They all

cook their specialty dishes. Therefore, our meals are always delicious. We often

stay at home for three days and then we leave with others’ wishes. I like the

Spring Festival, because I like family gathering.

People dont work or study every day constantly, but would take a break from time to time, in the entertainment activities Relax, its necessary. Recreational activities in a variety of forms, from horseback riding, hiking, travel to play computer play, read comic books, or just watching TV. Different people can choose according to their interest in different entertainment activities.

Also, the effects of people for entertainment also have different views. Some people aware of the benefits of it are that recreational activities can make our attention is diverted from the hard work, make body and mind rest. While people who hold the opposite opinion think, recreational activities will lead to many problems, such as some might because of the bad habit, such as addicted to computer games.

Although each has its according to two kinds of views, but I personally believe that if we make the appropriate entertainment, its benefits will far outweigh the disadvantages. As a college student, to participate in recreational activities not only can make us relax from the intense study, at the same time also can let us get knowledge in real life. Really is kill two birds with one stone.

人们不会每天不间断地工作或学习，而是会不时地休息一下，在娱乐活动中 放松一下，这很必要。娱乐活动的形式多种多样，从骑马、远足、旅游到玩电脑游 戏、看漫画书抑或只是看电视。不同的人会根据自己的兴趣选择不同的娱乐活动。

同样，人们对于娱乐活动所带来的影响也有着不同的看法。有些人意识到了它 们的好处，认为娱乐活动可以把我们的注意力从辛苦的工作上转移开来，使身心 得到休息。而持相反意见的人则认为，娱乐活动会导致不少问题，如有人可能会因 此染上坏习惯，比如沉迷于电脑游戏等。

虽然两种观点各有其根据，我个人却认为，如果我们进行适当的娱乐活动，其益处会远远大于坏处。作为一名大学生，参加娱乐活动不仅能使我们从紧张的学习中得到放松，同时也可以让我们获得现实生活中的知识。真可谓是一举两得。

I will be in the third grade in the next term.Sin ce the highschool entrance examination is coming soon, there is a great need for me to make a precise plan of my studies.

From September to November,I will follow the teachers in the new lessons learning, and after class , the contemporary exercises are necessary.

Before the end of the first term, I will review all the lessons from beginning again.

From March to April, review all I have learned a second time.

Beginning from April, models tests should be the all.Several days before the exam, I will go over all the mistakes in the papers and have a good rest for the exam.

[初二英语作文：Schedule

Saturday My future XXX Everyone has a dream, me too. I want to be a computer programmer. This may be a different dream. There are some important reasons for me to choose this dream. First,this job is becoming more and more popular now. Almost everything needs IT, So many places needs computer programmer. It’s easier to find a job. Another reason is that this job can earn more money. Computer programmer’s salary is higher. However, the most important reason is that I am really interested in IT. I am good at Math and English. I sometimes make some small programmes for fun. would enjoy my job. I really love this. I →IT changed our life! But this is extremely hard and tired work. Many people have to work over 8 hours a day. They are called “Code farmer”. Well, there is no job relaxed, isn’t it? No matter what I will be in the future, I should work hard to make my dream be true. Let’s FIGHT FOR OUR DREAM!

导语：你的暑假过的怎么样呢?下面是yuwenmi小编为大家整理的优秀作文，欢迎阅读与借鉴，谢谢!

This years summer vacation was most enjoyable. I spent fifteen days helping my grandparents doing farm work in the countryside， where I saw mountains fields covered with green plants. Sometimes I went swimming in the river to the west of the village， the water in which was quite clear.

I kept a diary every day. Besides doing farm work， I help the children in the neighborhood with their lessons. All of them showed interest in English. They could read write wellthey could hardly understand simple English. So every day in the morning I spent about two hours helping them improve their listening spoken English. They all made great progress. Their parents all thought highly of me. I now realize that knowledge is very needed in the countryside.

【参考译文】

今年的暑假是最愉快的。我花了十五天帮助我的爷爷奶奶在乡下做农活，在那里我看到了山上覆盖着绿色植物的田野。有时我去村子西边的河里游泳，那里的水很清澈。

我每天记日记。除了做农活，我还帮助邻居家的孩子学习功课。他们都对英语感兴趣。他们读得很好，几乎不懂简单的英语。所以每天早上我花了大约两个小时帮助他们提高听力口语。他们都取得了很大的进步。他们的父母都对我评价很高。我现在认识到农村需要知识。

1.有关暑假安排的英语作文

2.我的暑假My Summer Holiday作文

3.英语作文：暑假来了

4.初二英语作文：我的暑假生活

5.优秀作文：我的暑假My Summer Holiday

6.以我的暑假为话题的英语作文

7.初中暑假英语作文

8.英语作文：快乐的暑假生活

9.初中暑假的英语作文3篇

10.暑假的事英语作文

11.暑假难忘的事英语作文

12.暑假发生的事英语作文

If you ask me: "what was your best day winter vacation, let you remember?" I will not hesitate to tell you: "annual grade!"

That day, our family went to the green island village tourism. Just get off, greeted the gate is the classical elegance. Before coming here, I would have heard people say how antique here, really liked! The air is so pure and fresh, the sky is so clear, I as if place oneself in arcadia, is really dont feel something different!

The farmers here paradise is surprise. There is past farmers vulgar culture, yearning of the older generation, a new generation of curious... Ancient gardens, make me feel the people of the past of the countryside; GuaPeng lotus pond, let I seem to see a picture of a peasant labor figure; Waterwheel stone mill, let me full of endless curiosity for all the past... To me the deepest impression is the ground check dam, dad told me that grandpa is also used in this method, it is a kind of farming culture, is never genetic. Dad also told me to push the stone mill, I also not two step, was already sweating, my heart arises spontaneously give a kind of admiration of love...

Thousands of bamboo lake is not for nothing. Swaying dance bamboo graceful; Rippling lake phosphorescence flicker. Green, wave green, green, soak up the green, the charming scenery, but the vast mountains, into the long lake, rendering the boundless sky...... Here, the concept of flowing, listen to birds cool breeze, the mood is how happy ah!

"Mountain mussed yan yao Ming, swallows fly low restaurant. Red shadow to stream dont go, only love and the peach blossom." Isnt that what the picture of the green hill?

如果你问我：“ 你寒假哪一天过得最好，让你记忆深刻呢?”我会毫不犹豫的告诉你：“ 大年初三!”

那天，我们全家人去了绿岛山庄旅游。刚下车，映入眼帘的便是那古典优雅的大门了。来这里之前，我早就听别人说这里有多么古色古香了，果然名不虚传啊!这里的空气是那么清新，天空是那么明朗，使我仿佛置身于世外桃源之中，真是别有一番感受啊!

这里的农乐园更是让人叹为观止。这里有过往的农俗文化，老一辈的怀念，新一辈的好奇……古树菜园，让我感受到过往的人民的浓浓乡情;瓜棚荷塘，让我仿佛看到了一幅农民劳动图;水车石磨，让我对过去一切充满了无穷无尽的好奇……我印象最深的，莫过于碾谷坊罢了，爸爸告诉我，以前爷爷也是用这种方法碾谷的，这是一种农俗文化，是永远不会遗传的。爸爸还叫我推了一下石磨，我还推没有两步，就早已经汗流浃背了，我心中油然而生出一种敬佩之情……

千竹湖畔也不是徒有虚名。摇曳起舞的翠竹婀娜多姿;碧波荡漾的湖水磷光闪烁。 泛绿，飘绿，漫绿，沐绿，这迷人的景色，洒遍茫茫山野，融入悠悠湖水，渲染漫漫天空……在这里，观行云流水，听鸟语清风，心情是何等舒畅啊!

“ 山光艳艳耀明霞，燕子低飞掠酒家。红影到溪流不去，始只春水恋桃花。”这不正是绿岛山庄的写照吗?

When I grow up , I’m going to be a journalist(记者). I have been eager(渴望的)to do something benificial(有益的)to the world. And I think it suitable(适合的)for me to be a journalist.

To realise(实现)my dream, I will study harder. Whats more, I am going to write articles(文章)for magazines and newspaper in my free time, so I can know more about the job.

If I work hard enough, my dream will come ture.

Today is my shopping day.I wanted to buy some delicious food.there were many kinds of food.I wanted to eat more vegetables and more fruits.I wanted to eat apples in order to lose weight.I liked eating bananas,straw berries,pears and watermelons,I wanted to buy some books,I thought they can help me study not long after my holidays,I wanted to buy a pair of golves for myself because my golves were lost.And I bought some CDs.

Miss you so much, the spring is in my heart! I call you in the winter, the flowers and plants of the earth know... my heart...   How could the end of the cold shut my love for you, eager to spring scenery covered my heart. Your smile is like a song, moistens my love for you! Your figure is like a river, moistens my love. Sunset star out, year after year, usher in the dawn each were shining brilliantly, and off the innumerable cloud all the evening, but remained motionless, I wait for you a winter love is!   You are like a ray of sunshine in the winter, stroking my face and heart; You wake up the sleeping already a long time of the earth, and makes the whole world is full of angry; You blow quietly, heart is blended in among them...   The rain silently, mingled with underground, dripping on the land, to give the earth a little moist, make the earth vitality; You let leaves fully absorb the nature to give him the rain, the lake was filar silk itch means...   he birds are singing in the branches back, as if to pour out your arrival; Grass in the wind dancing to music performed by you, as if in a welcome meeting for you. Through the window, I saw the wonderful world of rain, see you in the rain. Proverb says: "the spring rain your such as oil", it is no wonder that after the trees and flowers in the spring rain is issued with a yellow leaves sprout!   Let us with a touching embrace spring, put the dreams of the spring into their full of lofty sentiments, sprinkle with sweat infiltration in the spring of faith, to the autumn harvest fruitful hope!

修改后：

Miss you so much, the spring is in my heart! I call you inwinter, the flowers and plants of the earth know my heart.

How could the end of the cold shut my love for you, eager to spring scenery covered my heart. Your smile is like asong, moistens my love for you! Your figure is like a river,moistens my love. Sun sets, stars out, year after year, usherin the dawn each were shining brilliantly, and off theinnumerable cloud all the evening, but remained motionless, I wait for you a winter love is!

You are like a ray of sunshine in winter, stroking my face and heart. You wake up the sleeping earth, and make thewhole world full of energy.

The rain silently, mingled with underground, dripping on the land, to give the earth a little moist, make the earth vitality.You let leaves fully absorb the rain which nature gives.

The birds are singing in the branches back, as if to pour out your arrival. Grass in the wind dancing to music performed by you, as if in a welcome meeting for you. Through the windblow, I saw the wonderful rain, see you in the rain. Proverb says: "Rain in spring is as precious as oil". It is no wonderthat the flowers begin to bloom after the spring rain.

Let us embrace the touching spring, put the dreams of the spring into their full lofty sentiments, and sprinkle with sweatinfiltration in the spring of faith, to the autumn harvest fruitful hope!

A life without a friend is a life without a sun.Friendshipis one of the most important things in everyones life.

Friends are who changes your life just by being a part of it, who makes you believe that there really is good in the world, who convinces you that there really is an unlock door just waiting for you to open it.

When you’re down, friends lift you up. When you lose your way, friends guide you and cheer you on.

So cherish your friend, Do not save your loving speeches.for your friends till they are dead.Do not write them on their tombstones, speak them rather now instead

[friendship初二英语作文

The Lunar New Year is a great occasion to the Chinese people。 It lasts about  the first four days of the year， during which people do not work except for the  workers on duty。 Students do not go to school， and shops are dosed。

Several days before the new year， people begin to prepare。 Farmers kitt pigs，  sheep， cocks and hens。 City dwellers buy meat fish and vegetables。 Houses are  cleaned couplets are posted on the doors。 Colourful lanterns are hung at the  gate。

On the eve of the new year， each family has its members gatherd together and  eats a family reunion dinner。 After the meal they watch TV until the clock  strickes twelve。 Then every family sets off long strings of small firecrackers  and other fire works to welcome the new year。 On the first day of the new year，  almost everyone is dressed in his or her best。 When people meet on the way， they  say to each other "Happy New Year"。 Friends and relatives pay new year calls and  gives presents to each other。 Children indulge themselves in games。

In xiamen there is a park. it’s a big and beautiful park. it has two gates. they are the north gate and the west gate. many people park their bikes in front of the gates.

There is a shop at the north gate. when you go into the park through the north gate, you will find a large square on your right and you will see lots of trees and flowers around you. in the west of the park, there is a playground.

Sometimes some children fly kites on it and some people sit on the grass and chat. in the middle of the park, there is a lake. there are many boats on it. there is a hill in the east of the park.

The park is very beautiful. i love it very much. will you come to visit it some day?

My dad bought a computer when I was five years old. I could draw pictures

and listen to music on it.

But once, the computer was down suddenly.

My dad told me that it might be attacked by computer virus.

I was so scared that I asked dad anxiously, "Did it get a flu? Did it need

some medicine?" But dad laughed and said smilingly, "Dont be silly, son.

No medicine can cure a computer virus. Its a problem of program." I didnt

understand what my dad said at that time.

But I made up my mind to study hard and to be a computer expert in the

future.

Do your teachers still use traditional techniques to teach you nowadays? A revol- ution in teaching techniques is required now. In the past, we just took it for granted that a teacher s aim was to teach the students all that he knew and solve all the problems for them. Therefore, students could mot judge things on their own under this circumstance. Thus students gradually lost the ability to learn by themselves. In addition, they were only equipped with the knowledge that were taught in class and made the same judgement upon every problem which might crop up. Of course, they would find their knowledge not enough to solve practical problems.

So it is time to change the teaching method. A teacher s goal is to help the students develop not only the ability to learn by themselves but the skills to make judgements on every aspect on their own. It s not necessary for the students to turn to teachers for help while meeting with difficulties. The first thing is to develop the students abilities to make sound judgements upon any problem and overcome difficulties.

All in all, the aim of teaching is to liberate, but mot to fetter the students innate powers of making sound judgements.

你们的老师仍使用传统技术，现在教你?阿revol在教学技巧ution现在需要。在过去，我们只是把它理所当然地认为一老师的目的是要教导学生，他知道，解决他们的所有问题。因此，学生可以摩托罗拉自行判断在此情况下的东西。因此，学生们逐渐失去了学习能力本身。此外，他们只配备了那些在课堂上教授时所作的每一个问题，可能会突然出现相同的判断的知识。当然，他们会发现自己的知识不足以解决实际问题。

因此，现在是改变教学方法。甲老师的目标是帮助学生发展，不仅学习的能力，但自己的技能，就在自己的每一个方面的判断。那不为学生需要寻求帮助教师在会见困难。首先是培养学生的能力作出的任何问题，正确的判断和克服困难。

总之，教学是解放的目标，但摩托罗拉束缚作出正确的判断学生的固有权力。

Summer holiday is coming.I am going to do many things that I want to do. For exampie,first I will jion a soccer club,because I like playing soccer.

During the summer holiday, I want to practice more to improve my skills.Second I will go to my grandmas house,because I miss her very much.I want to stay with her for several days.Last I will help my mother do some housework. She was really tired when I was go to school. Except for taking care of me, she also has to work. Therefore, I want to help her in the holidays.What will you do on Summer Holiday?

暑假就要到来了，我打算做一些我想做的事。比如说，首先我要参加一个足球俱乐部，因为我喜欢踢足球。

暑假期间，我想多练习以提高我的技术。其次，我要去奶奶家，因为我很想念她。我想和她待几天。最后，我会帮我妈妈做些家务。我去学校的时候她真的很累。除了要照顾我之外，她还要工作。因此，我想在假期帮助她。暑假你会做些什么呢?

初二英语作文：An Invitation

Dear Zhang Ming,

As my birthday will take place on next Saturday, my parents have insisted on having a birthday party for me. They are very anxious to meet all my young friends, and they want me to have a good time on this occasion.

The party will begin at 7 oclock this Saturday evening.Please come early. You can take a No. 15 bus and get off at Xinjiang Road. Go straight ahead and walk across Wulian Street. The restaurant is on the corner of the street. Its name is Da Fang Restaurant. We are looking forward to seeing you then.

With best wishes!

Yours sincerely,

XXX

[初二优秀英语作文：An Invitation

Dear Bob，

How is it going these days?

I make some new plans for myself. My first resolution has to do with selfimprovement. I want to join an English club to improve my English. I want to get good grades next time. The second is about personal health. I am going to eat less junk food and do more exercise. Finally，I want to learn to take photos in my free time. I will tell my family about my plans so that they can help me.

if we have a book ,we will not be felling of being longlywhen im free or in trouble, i always take out a book and read quietly. in no time, ive put my heart into it so that ill forget all the troubles. its in this way that ive formed the habit of reading in any time.

little boys as i was, i was interest in picture books and storybooks. i was struck by them. no sooner had i entered the middle school than i began to read novel, plays, essays and so on. i found i could get much from them. little by little i took great interest in literature and last term i won the first prize in the composition contest among middle-school students in zhe jiang.

reading the emperors new clothes, i had to let out a burst of laughter over his fool. the little match girl couldnt keep me from crying for her misery. robinson crusoe took me into a strange world full of danger. and i was also deeply impressed by helen kellers patience and perseverance… besides these, books also tell me other thing -how to be a man and how to tell the difference between right and wrong. in a word, good books can make me know what i didnt before. so i think of a good book as my best friend.

ill never forget this famous saying, good books are best friends who never turn their backs upon us.

如果我们有一本书,我们不会感觉被longlywhen我免费或遇到了麻烦,我总是拿出一本书,安静地阅读。在没时间,我把我的心放在它,这样我就会忘记所有的烦恼。通过这种方式,我在任何时候形成阅读的习惯。

小男孩在我,我感兴趣的照片书和故事书。我被他们。我走进中学比我刚开始阅读小说、剧本、散文等等。我发现我能得到多少。渐渐地我带着极大的兴趣在文学和上学期我在作文比赛中得了第一名哲江中学学生。

阅读皇帝的新衣,我不得不发出一阵笑声在他的傻瓜。卖火柴的小女孩不能阻止我哭她的痛苦。鲁宾逊漂流记带我到一个陌生的世界充满了危险。我也深深打动了海伦·凯勒的耐心和毅力…除了这些,书也告诉我其他的事情——一个男人以及如何区分对与错。总之,好的书可以让我知道我没有之前。所以我认为一本好书是最好的朋友。

我永远不会忘记这个名言,好书是最好的朋友,他从不放弃。